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cipanadmin.html
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cipanadmin.html
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itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="post-block"><link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://lruihao.cn/posts/cipanadmin.html"><span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="name" content="李瑞豪"><meta itemprop="description" content="从ACM到Web，分享程序、技巧、干货，记录心情、学习、成长！"><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.png"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="菠菜眾長"></span><header class="post-header"><h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">磁盘存储器的管理<a href="https://github.com/Lruihao/lruihao.github.io/tree/hexo/source/_posts/cipanadmin.md" class="post-edit-link" title="编辑" rel="external nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></a></h2><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span> <time title="创建时间：2019-03-04 23:08:32" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-03-04T23:08:32+08:00">2019-03-04</time> </span><span class="post-category"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-folder-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span> <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing"><a href="/categories/others/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">others</span></a></span> </span><span class="post-comments-count"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-comment-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">评论数： </span><a href="/posts/cipanadmin.html#comments" itemprop="discussionUrl"><span class="post-comments-count valine-comment-count" data-xid="/posts/cipanadmin.html" itemprop="commentCount"></span> </a></span><span id="/posts/cipanadmin.html" class="leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="磁盘存储器的管理"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span title="阅读次数"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-eye"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span> <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span></span></span><div class="post-symbolscount"><span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-file-word-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span> <span title="本文字数">710</span> <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 ≈</span> <span title="阅读时长">1 分钟</span></div></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h2 id="外存的组织方式"><a href="#外存的组织方式" class="headerlink" title="外存的组织方式"></a>外存的组织方式</h2><h3 id="连续组织方式"><a href="#连续组织方式" class="headerlink" title="连续组织方式"></a>连续组织方式</h3><ul><li><p>连续组织方式的优点</p><ul><li>顺序访问容易</li><li>顺序访问速度快</li></ul></li><li><p>连续组织方式的缺点</p><ul><li>分配连续的存储空间</li><li>必须知道文件长度</li><li>删除与插入数据不灵活</li><li>动态增长的文件分配空间问题</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="链接组织方式"><a href="#链接组织方式" class="headerlink" title="链接组织方式"></a>链接组织方式</h3><ul><li>隐式链接</li><li>显式链接</li></ul><h3 id="FAT技术"><a href="#FAT技术" class="headerlink" title="FAT技术"></a>FAT技术</h3><ul><li><p>FAT12</p><ul><li>早期的FAT12文件系统</li><li>以簇为单位的FAT12文件系统</li></ul></li><li><p>FAT16</p></li><li>FAT32</li></ul><h3 id="NTFS的文件组织方式"><a href="#NTFS的文件组织方式" class="headerlink" title="NTFS的文件组织方式"></a>NTFS的文件组织方式</h3><ul><li>NTFS新特征</li><li>磁盘组织</li><li>文件的组织</li></ul><h3 id="索引组织方式"><a href="#索引组织方式" class="headerlink" title="索引组织方式"></a>索引组织方式</h3><ul><li>单级索引组织方式</li><li>多级索引组织方式</li><li><p>增量式索引组织方式</p><ul><li>增量式索引组织方式的基本思想</li><li><p>UNIX System V的组织方式</p><ul><li>直接地址</li><li>一次间接地址</li><li>多次间接地址</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="文件存储空间的管理"><a href="#文件存储空间的管理" class="headerlink" title="文件存储空间的管理"></a>文件存储空间的管理</h2><h3 id="空闲表法和空闲链表法"><a href="#空闲表法和空闲链表法" class="headerlink" title="空闲表法和空闲链表法"></a>空闲表法和空闲链表法</h3><ul><li><p>空闲表法</p><ul><li>空闲表</li><li>存储空间的分配与回收</li></ul></li><li><p>空闲链表法</p><ul><li>空闲盘块链</li><li>空闲盘区链</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="位示图法"><a href="#位示图法" class="headerlink" title="位示图法"></a>位示图法</h3><ul><li>位示图</li><li><p>盘块的分配（步骤）</p><ul><li>1.顺序扫描示图</li><li>2.转换盘块号</li><li>3.修改位示图</li></ul></li><li><p>盘块的回收（步骤）</p><ul><li>1.盘块号转换成行列号</li><li>2.修改位示图</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="成组链接法"><a href="#成组链接法" class="headerlink" title="成组链接法"></a>成组链接法</h3><ul><li>空闲盘块的组织</li><li>空闲盘块的分配与回收</li></ul><h2 id="提高磁盘I-O速度的途径"><a href="#提高磁盘I-O速度的途径" class="headerlink" title="提高磁盘I/O速度的途径"></a>提高磁盘I/O速度的途径</h2><h3 id="磁盘高速缓存"><a href="#磁盘高速缓存" class="headerlink" title="磁盘高速缓存"></a>磁盘高速缓存</h3><ul><li><p>数据交付方式</p><ul><li>数据交付</li><li>指针交付</li></ul></li><li><p>置换算法</p></li><li>周期性地写回磁盘</li></ul><h3 id="提高磁盘I-O速度的其他方法"><a href="#提高磁盘I-O速度的其他方法" class="headerlink" title="提高磁盘I/O速度的其他方法"></a>提高磁盘I/O速度的其他方法</h3><ul><li>提前读</li><li>延迟写</li><li>优化物理块的分布</li><li>虚拟盘</li></ul><h3 id="廉价磁盘冗余阵列-RAID"><a href="#廉价磁盘冗余阵列-RAID" class="headerlink" title="廉价磁盘冗余阵列(RAID)"></a>廉价磁盘冗余阵列(RAID)</h3><ul><li>并行交叉存取</li><li><p>RAID的分级</p><ul><li>RAID 0级</li><li>RAID 1级</li><li>RAID 2级</li><li>RAID 3级</li><li>RAID 4级</li><li>RAID 5级</li><li>RAID 6级和RAID 7级</li></ul></li><li><p>RAID的优点</p><ul><li>可靠性高</li><li>磁盘I/O速度高</li><li>性价比高</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="提高磁盘可靠性的技术"><a href="#提高磁盘可靠性的技术" class="headerlink" title="提高磁盘可靠性的技术"></a>提高磁盘可靠性的技术</h2><h3 id="第一级容错技术SFT-Ⅰ"><a href="#第一级容错技术SFT-Ⅰ" class="headerlink" title="第一级容错技术SFT-Ⅰ"></a>第一级容错技术SFT-Ⅰ</h3><ul><li>双份目录和双份文件分配表</li><li><p>热修复重定向和写后读校验</p><ul><li>热修复重定向</li><li>写后读校验方式</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="第二级容错技术SFT-Ⅱ"><a href="#第二级容错技术SFT-Ⅱ" class="headerlink" title="第二级容错技术SFT-Ⅱ"></a>第二级容错技术SFT-Ⅱ</h3><ul><li>磁盘镜像</li><li>磁盘双工</li></ul><h3 id="基于集群技术的容错功能"><a href="#基于集群技术的容错功能" class="headerlink" title="基于集群技术的容错功能"></a>基于集群技术的容错功能</h3><ul><li>双机热备份模式</li><li>双机互为备份模式</li><li>公用磁盘模式</li></ul><h3 id="后备系统"><a href="#后备系统" class="headerlink" title="后备系统"></a>后备系统</h3><ul><li>磁带机</li><li><p>硬盘</p><ul><li>移动磁盘</li><li>固定硬盘驱动器</li></ul></li><li><p>光盘驱动器</p><ul><li>CD-ROM 和 DVD-ROM</li><li>刻录机</li></ul></li></ul><h2 id="数据一致性控制"><a href="#数据一致性控制" class="headerlink" title="数据一致性控制"></a>数据一致性控制</h2><h3 id="事务"><a href="#事务" class="headerlink" title="事务"></a>事务</h3><ul><li>事务的定义</li><li>事务记录</li><li><p>恢复算法</p><ul><li>undo <Ti></li><li>redo <Ti></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="检查点"><a href="#检查点" class="headerlink" title="检查点"></a>检查点</h3><ul><li>检查点的作用</li><li>新的恢复算法</li></ul><h3 id="并发控制"><a href="#并发控制" class="headerlink" title="并发控制"></a>并发控制</h3><ul><li>利用互斥锁实现“顺序性”</li><li>利用互斥锁和共享锁实现顺序性</li></ul><h3 id="重复数据的数据一致性问题"><a href="#重复数据的数据一致性问题" class="headerlink" title="重复数据的数据一致性问题"></a>重复数据的数据一致性问题</h3><ul><li>重复文件的一致性</li><li>链接数一致性检查</li></ul></div><div><div style="padding:10px 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height="20px" allowtransparency="true"></iframe></div></div><div class="post-toc-wrap motion-element sidebar-panel sidebar-panel-active"><div class="post-toc"><div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#外存的组织方式"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">外存的组织方式</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#连续组织方式"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">连续组织方式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#链接组织方式"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">链接组织方式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#FAT技术"><span class="nav-number">1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">FAT技术</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#NTFS的文件组织方式"><span class="nav-number">1.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">NTFS的文件组织方式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#索引组织方式"><span class="nav-number">1.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">索引组织方式</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#文件存储空间的管理"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">文件存储空间的管理</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#空闲表法和空闲链表法"><span class="nav-number">2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">空闲表法和空闲链表法</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#位示图法"><span class="nav-number">2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">位示图法</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#成组链接法"><span class="nav-number">2.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">成组链接法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#提高磁盘I-O速度的途径"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">提高磁盘I/O速度的途径</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#磁盘高速缓存"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">磁盘高速缓存</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#提高磁盘I-O速度的其他方法"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">提高磁盘I/O速度的其他方法</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#廉价磁盘冗余阵列-RAID"><span class="nav-number">3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">廉价磁盘冗余阵列(RAID)</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#提高磁盘可靠性的技术"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">提高磁盘可靠性的技术</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#第一级容错技术SFT-Ⅰ"><span class="nav-number">4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">第一级容错技术SFT-Ⅰ</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#第二级容错技术SFT-Ⅱ"><span class="nav-number">4.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">第二级容错技术SFT-Ⅱ</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#基于集群技术的容错功能"><span class="nav-number">4.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">基于集群技术的容错功能</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#后备系统"><span class="nav-number">4.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">后备系统</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#数据一致性控制"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">数据一致性控制</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#事务"><span class="nav-number">5.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">事务</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#检查点"><span class="nav-number">5.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">检查点</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#并发控制"><span class="nav-number">5.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">并发控制</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#重复数据的数据一致性问题"><span class="nav-number">5.4.</span> <span 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$('.search-result-list').remove();
$('#no-result').remove();
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$('.search-popup-overlay').click(onPopupClose);
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$localSearchInput.attr("autocapitalize", "none");
$localSearchInput.attr("autocorrect", "off");
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var searchFunc = function(path, search_id, content_id) {
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// start loading animation
$("body")
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'<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-5x fa-fw"></i>' +
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$("#search-loading-icon").css('margin', '20% auto 0 auto').css('text-align', 'center');
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var datas = isXml ? $("entry", res).map(function() {
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var resultContent = document.getElementById(content_id);
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var keywords = searchText.split(/[\s\-]+/);
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}
}
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return {
hits: hits,
start: start,
end: end,
searchTextCount: searchTextCountInSlice
};
}
var slicesOfTitle = [];
if (indexOfTitle.length != 0) {
slicesOfTitle.push(mergeIntoSlice(title, 0, title.length, indexOfTitle));
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var item = indexOfContent[indexOfContent.length - 1];
var position = item.position;
var word = item.word;
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end = content.length;
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slicesOfContent.push(mergeIntoSlice(content, start, end, indexOfContent));
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return sliceRight.searchTextCount - sliceLeft.searchTextCount;
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}
});
// select top N slices in content
var upperBound = parseInt('1');
if (upperBound >= 0) {
slicesOfContent = slicesOfContent.slice(0, upperBound);
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function highlightKeyword(text, slice) {
var result = '';
var prevEnd = slice.start;
slice.hits.forEach(function (hit) {
result += text.substring(prevEnd, hit.position);
var end = hit.position + hit.length;
result += '<b class="search-keyword">' + text.substring(hit.position, end) + '</b>';
prevEnd = end;
});
result += text.substring(prevEnd, slice.end);
return result;
}
var resultItem = '';
if (slicesOfTitle.length != 0) {
resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + highlightKeyword(title, slicesOfTitle[0]) + "</a>";
} else {
resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + title + "</a>";
}
slicesOfContent.forEach(function (slice) {
resultItem += "<a href='" + articleUrl + "'>" +
"<p class=\"search-result\">" + highlightKeyword(content, slice) +
"...</p>" + "</a>";
});
resultItem += "</li>";
resultItems.push({
item: resultItem,
searchTextCount: searchTextCount,
hitCount: hitCount,
id: resultItems.length
});
}
})
};
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resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-frown-o fa-5x" /></div>'
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resultItems.sort(function (resultLeft, resultRight) {
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return resultRight.hitCount - resultLeft.hitCount;
} else {
return resultRight.id - resultLeft.id;
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});
var searchResultList = '<ul class=\"search-result-list\">';
resultItems.forEach(function (result) {
searchResultList += result.item;
})
searchResultList += "</ul>";
resultContent.innerHTML = searchResultList;
}
}
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input.addEventListener('input', inputEventFunction);
} else {
$('.search-icon').click(inputEventFunction);
input.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) {
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inputEventFunction();
}
});
}
// remove loading animation
$(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
$('body').css('overflow', '');
proceedsearch();
}
});
}
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$('.popup-trigger').click(function(e) {
e.stopPropagation();
if (isfetched === false) {
searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
} else {
proceedsearch();
};
});
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});
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}
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