Estimate Remaining Time (graphical display)

[LinFor]

This is currently in draft so I can do more testing on real hardware.

Description

1. Added optional time-to-print-completion estimation based on current elapsed print time and current progress estimation. It prints together with elapsed time via blinking, estimated completion time prefixed with "E" letter. (PRINT_PROGRESS_ESTIMATE_TIME_TO_COMPLETION)
2. To increase precision of estimation added ability to calculate progress in permyads (1/100 of percent and 1/10000 of whole). This is done in fixed-point math via uint16 (instead of uint8).
3. Added optional ability to show calculated print progress with up to 2 decimal digits (PRINT_PROGRESS_SHOW_DECIMALS).
4. M73 command now can accept fractional P argument to support above scenarios.
5. Implemented caching of print progress / elapsed time / estimated completion time calculation results to decrease CPU cycles usage. Buffers are prepared during the "first-page" preparation and updates only if progress changed or 1 second has passed.

All of these is done only for DOGM displays, but possible for another ones (but I hasn't somthing another hardware for testing).

Benefits

Ability to estimate time to print completion.
Ability to more precise estimate print progress for long-running prints.

Demo

Related Issues

#12123, #8515, #2181

[LinFor]

I have a strange issue with LCD and seems that this PR not related to them.

When I print from SD file without M73 commands in it - LCD updates as usual, once per second: https://youtu.be/6oVtPs9nY8I
When I print from SD same file but with M73 commands - LCD starts to update very quickly. This is visible in X/Y/Z position counters and temperatures - which code I didn't touched at all: https://youtu.be/ktYBHKg6h7A (sorry for video orientation - i don't know how rotate video on youtube quickly).

Problem is that later LCD freezes - probably due to very high mcu load from lcd calculation and drawing.

I have no idea how this matters.

[LinFor]

I made some investigation about "quick LCD updating". It's not relevant to this PR or M73 command at all, instead it occurs after any M117 command. Probably, we must create a bug.
Also, LCD freezes gone after increasing DOGM_SPI_DELAY_US up to 15, so it's problem with my hardware.

[thinkyhead]

Probably, we must create a bug.

The solution is to comment out the refresh() at the end of MarlinUI::finish_status.

[randellhodges]

I think there is an issue around this line:

Marlin/Marlin/src/libs/numtostr.cpp

Line 206 in b20d5a7

if (!WITHIN(i, -99, 999)) return i16tostr4sign((int)f);

Marlin\src\libs\numtostr.cpp: In function 'char* ftostr4sign(const float&)':
Marlin\src\libs\numtostr.cpp:206:51: error: invalid conversion from 'const char*' to 'char*' [-fpermissive]
     if (!WITHIN(i, -99, 999)) return i16tostr4sign((int)f);
                                      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~
*** [.pio\build\LPC1768\src\src\libs\numtostr.cpp.o] Error 1

[LinFor]

Here is fixup: LinFor@a732649