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Firewall requirements for Azure Stack HCI
This topic provides guidance on firewall requirements for the Azure Stack HCI operating system.
alkohli
alkohli
how-to
06/25/2024

Firewall requirements for Azure Stack HCI

[!INCLUDE applies-to]

This article provides guidance on how to configure firewalls for the Azure Stack HCI operating system. It includes firewall requirements for outbound endpoints and internal rules and ports. The article also provides information on how to use Azure service tags with Microsoft Defender firewall.

If your network uses a proxy server for internet access, see Configure proxy settings for Azure Stack HCI.

Important

Azure Express Route and Azure Private Link are not supported for Azure Stack HCI, version 23H2 or any of its components, because it is not possible to access the public endpoints required for Azure Stack HCI 23H2.

Firewall requirements for outbound endpoints

Opening port 443 for outbound network traffic on your organization's firewall meets the connectivity requirements for the operating system to connect with Azure and Microsoft Update. If your outbound firewall is restricted, then we recommend including the URLs and ports described in the Recommended firewall URLs section of this article.

Azure Stack HCI needs to periodically connect to Azure. Access is limited only to:

  • Well-known Azure IPs
  • Outbound direction
  • Port 443 (HTTPS)

Important

Azure Stack HCI doesn't support HTTPS inspection. Make sure that HTTPS inspection is disabled along your networking path for Azure Stack HCI to prevent any connectivity errors.

As shown in the following diagram, Azure Stack HCI accesses Azure using more than one firewall potentially.

:::image type="content" source="./media/firewall-requirements/firewalls-diagram.png" alt-text="Diagram shows Azure Stack HCI accessing service tag endpoints through Port 443 (HTTPS) of firewalls." lightbox="./media/firewall-requirements/firewalls-diagram.png":::

This article describes how to optionally use a highly locked-down firewall configuration to block all traffic to all destinations except those included in your allowlist.

Required firewall URLs

The following table provides a list of required firewall URLs. Make sure to include these URLs to your allowlist.

Additionally, follow the required firewall requirements for AKS on Azure Stack HCI.

Note

The Azure Stack HCI firewall rules are the minimum endpoints required for HciSvc connectivity, and don't contain wildcards. However, the following table currently contains wildcard URLs, which may be updated into precise endpoints in the future.

[!INCLUDE Required URLs table]

For a comprehensive list of all the firewall URLs, download the firewall URLs spreadsheet.

Recommended firewall URLs

The following table provides a list of recommended firewall URLs. If your outbound firewall is restricted, we recommend including the URLs and ports described in this section to your allowlist.

Note

The Azure Stack HCI firewall rules are the minimum endpoints required for HciSvc connectivity, and don't contain wildcards. However, the following table currently contains wildcard URLs, which may be updated into precise endpoints in the future.

[!INCLUDE Recommended URLs table]

Firewall requirements for additional Azure services

Depending on additional Azure services you enable on HCI, you may need to make additional firewall configuration changes. Refer to the following links for information on firewall requirements for each Azure service:

Firewall requirements for internal rules and ports

Ensure that the proper network ports are open between all server nodes both within a site and between sites for stretched clusters (stretched cluster functionality is only available in Azure Stack HCI, version 22H2.). You'll need appropriate firewall rules to allow ICMP, SMB (port 445, plus port 5445 for SMB Direct if using iWARP RDMA), and WS-MAN (port 5985) bi-directional traffic between all servers in the cluster.

When using the Cluster Creation wizard in Windows Admin Center to create the cluster, the wizard automatically opens the appropriate firewall ports on each server in the cluster for Failover Clustering, Hyper-V, and Storage Replica. If you're using a different firewall on each server, open the ports as described in the following sections:

Azure Stack HCI OS management

Ensure that the following firewall rules are configured in your on-premises firewall for Azure Stack HCI OS management, including licensing and billing.

Rule Action Source Destination Service Ports
Allow inbound/outbound traffic to and from the Azure Stack HCI service on cluster servers Allow Cluster servers Cluster servers TCP 30301

Windows Admin Center

Ensure that the following firewall rules are configured in your on-premises firewall for Windows Admin Center.

Rule Action Source Destination Service Ports
Provide access to Azure and Microsoft Update Allow Windows Admin Center Azure Stack HCI TCP 445
Use Windows Remote Management (WinRM) 2.0
for HTTP connections to run commands
on remote Windows servers		 Allow Windows Admin Center Azure Stack HCI TCP 5985
Use WinRM 2.0 for HTTPS connections to run
commands on remote Windows servers		 Allow Windows Admin Center Azure Stack HCI TCP 5986

Note

While installing Windows Admin Center, if you select the Use WinRM over HTTPS only setting, then port 5986 is required.

Failover Clustering

Ensure that the following firewall rules are configured in your on-premises firewall for Failover Clustering.

Rule Action Source Destination Service Ports
Allow Failover Cluster validation Allow Management system Cluster servers TCP 445
Allow RPC dynamic port allocation Allow Management system Cluster servers TCP Minimum of 100 ports
above port 5000
Allow Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Allow Management system Cluster servers TCP 135
Allow Cluster Administrator Allow Management system Cluster servers UDP 137
Allow Cluster Service Allow Management system Cluster servers UDP 3343
Allow Cluster Service (Required during
a server join operation.)		 Allow Management system Cluster servers TCP 3343
Allow ICMPv4 and ICMPv6
for Failover Cluster validation		 Allow Management system Cluster servers n/a n/a

Note

The management system includes any computer from which you plan to administer the cluster, using tools such as Windows Admin Center, Windows PowerShell or System Center Virtual Machine Manager.

Hyper-V

Ensure that the following firewall rules are configured in your on-premises firewall for Hyper-V.

Rule Action Source Destination Service Ports
Allow cluster communication Allow Management system Hyper-V server TCP 445
Allow RPC Endpoint Mapper and WMI Allow Management system Hyper-V server TCP 135
Allow HTTP connectivity Allow Management system Hyper-V server TCP 80
Allow HTTPS connectivity Allow Management system Hyper-V server TCP 443
Allow Live Migration Allow Management system Hyper-V server TCP 6600
Allow VM Management Service Allow Management system Hyper-V server TCP 2179
Allow RPC dynamic port allocation Allow Management system Hyper-V server TCP Minimum of 100 ports
above port 5000

Note

Open up a range of ports above port 5000 to allow RPC dynamic port allocation. Ports below 5000 may already be in use by other applications and could cause conflicts with DCOM applications. Previous experience shows that a minimum of 100 ports should be opened, because several system services rely on these RPC ports to communicate with each other. For more information, see How to configure RPC dynamic port allocation to work with firewalls.

Storage Replica (stretched cluster)

Ensure that the following firewall rules are configured in your on-premises firewall for Storage Replica (stretched cluster).

Rule Action Source Destination Service Ports
Allow Server Message Block
(SMB) protocol		 Allow Stretched cluster servers Stretched cluster servers TCP 445
Allow Web Services-Management
(WS-MAN)		 Allow Stretched cluster servers Stretched cluster servers TCP 5985
Allow ICMPv4 and ICMPv6
(if using the Test-SRTopology
PowerShell cmdlet)		 Allow Stretched cluster servers Stretched cluster servers n/a n/a

Update Microsoft Defender firewall

This section shows how to configure Microsoft Defender firewall to allow IP addresses associated with a service tag to connect with the operating system. A service tag represents a group of IP addresses from a given Azure service. Microsoft manages the IP addresses included in the service tag, and automatically updates the service tag as IP addresses change to keep updates to a minimum. To learn more, see Virtual network service tags.

  1. Download the JSON file from the following resource to the target computer running the operating system: Azure IP Ranges and Service Tags – Public Cloud.

  2. Use the following PowerShell command to open the JSON file:

    $json = Get-Content -Path .\ServiceTags_Public_20201012.json | ConvertFrom-Json

  3. Get the list of IP address ranges for a given service tag, such as the "AzureResourceManager" service tag:

    $IpList = ($json.values | where Name -Eq "AzureResourceManager").properties.addressPrefixes

  4. Import the list of IP addresses to your external corporate firewall, if you're using an allowlist with it.

  5. Create a firewall rule for each server in the cluster to allow outbound 443 (HTTPS) traffic to the list of IP address ranges:

    New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "Allow Azure Resource Manager" -RemoteAddress $IpList -Direction Outbound -LocalPort 443 -Protocol TCP -Action Allow -Profile Any -Enabled True

Next steps

For more information, see also: