covid19.bib

@misc{Gelzinis2020,
author = {Gelzinis, Theresa A},
booktitle = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
doi = {10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.008},
issn = {1532-8422 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {2328--2330},
pmid = {32406428},
title = {{Thoracic Anesthesia in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Era.}},
volume = {34},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Coccia2020,
abstract = {This study has two goals. The first is to explain the geo-environmental determinants  of the accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 that is generating a high level of deaths. The second is to suggest a strategy to cope with future epidemic threats similar to COVID-19 having an accelerated viral infectivity in society. Using data on sample of N = 55 Italian province capitals, and data of infected individuals at as of April 7th, 2020, results reveal that the accelerate and vast diffusion of COVID-19 in North Italy has a high association with air pollution of cities measured with days exceeding the limits set for PM(10) (particulate matter 10 $\mu$m or less in diameter) or ozone. In particular, hinterland cities with average high number of days exceeding the limits set for PM(10) (and also having a low wind speed) have a very high number of infected people on 7th April 2020 (arithmetic mean is about 2200 infected individuals, with average polluted days greater than 80 days per year), whereas coastal cities also having days exceeding the limits set for PM(10) or ozone but with high wind speed have about 944.70 average infected individuals, with about 60 average polluted days per year; moreover, cities having more than 100 days of air pollution (exceeding the limits set for PM(10)), they have a very high average number of infected people (about 3350 infected individuals, 7th April 2020), whereas cities having less than 100 days of air pollution per year, they have a lower average number of infected people (about 1014 individuals). The findings here also suggest that to minimize the impact of future epidemics similar to COVID-19, the max number of days per year that Italian provincial capitals or similar industrialized cities can exceed the limits set for PM(10) or for ozone, considering their meteorological conditions, is about 48 days. Moreover, results here reveal that the explanatory variable of air pollution in cities seems to be a more important predictor in the initial phase of diffusion of viral infectivity (on 17th March 2020, b(1) = 1.27, p {\textless} 0.001) than interpersonal contacts (b(2) = 0.31, p {\textless} 0.05). In the second phase of maturity of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, air pollution reduces intensity (on 7th April 2020 with b'(1) = 0.81, p {\textless} 0.001) also because of the indirect effect of lockdown, whereas regression coefficient of transmission based on interpersonal contacts has a stable level (b'(2) = 0.31, p {\textless} 0.01). This result reveals that accelerated transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is due to mainly to the mechanism of "air pollution-to-human transmission" (airborne viral infectivity) rather than "human-to-human transmission". Overall, then, transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, such as COVID-19, is due to systemic causes: general factors that are the same for all regions (e.g., biological characteristics of virus, incubation period, etc.) and specific factors which are different for each region and/or city (e.g., complex interaction between air pollution, meteorological conditions and biological characteristics of viral infectivity) and health level of individuals (habits, immune system, age, sex, etc.). Lessons learned for COVID-19 in the case study here suggest that a proactive strategy to cope with future epidemics is also to apply especially an environmental and sustainable policy based on reduction of levels of air pollution mainly in hinterland and polluting cities- (having low wind speed, high percentage of moisture and number of fog days) -that seem to have an environment that foster a fast transmission dynamics of viral infectivity in society. Hence, in the presence of polluting industrialization in regions that can trigger the mechanism of air pollution-to-human transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, this study must conclude that a comprehensive strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be also designed in environmental and socioeconomic terms, that is also based on sustainability science and environmental science, and not only in terms of biology, medicine, healthcare and health sector.},
author = {Coccia, Mario},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138474},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Italy,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138474},
pmid = {32498152},
title = {{Factors determining the diffusion of COVID-19 and suggested strategy to prevent  future accelerated viral infectivity similar to COVID.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ataguba2020,
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many countries with  increasing morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, many of the actions and policies adopted in countries are linked to the social determinants of health (SDH). The SDH are critical determinants of health and health inequalities that are not directly within the health sector. Policies such as social distancing, good hygiene, avoiding large gatherings, cancelling of social and sports events, using personal protective equipment, schools and restaurants closure, country lockdown, etc. are not necessarily within the health sector but have been promoted to prevent and attenuate COVID-19 infection rates significantly. The SDH that serve to reduce morbidity will forestall or substantially reduce the pressure on many weak health systems in developing countries that cannot cope with increased hospitalisation and intensive health care. This paper argues that one of the most critical social determinants of health (i.e. effective crisis and risk communication), is crucial in many developing countries, including those with fewer confirmed coronavirus cases. We note that the effectiveness of many of the other SDH in reducing the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic hinges on effective communication, especially crisis and risk communication. Although many countries are adopting different communication strategies during the COVID-19 crisis, effective crisis and risk communication will lead to building trust, credibility, honesty, transparency, and accountability. The peculiarity of many developing countries in terms of regional, cultural, linguistic and ethnic diversity is an essential consideration in ensuring effective crisis and risk communication. Developing countries facing significant poverty and disease burden cannot afford to handle the burgeoning of COVID-19 infections and must take preventive measures seriously. Thus, we submit that there is a need to intensify SDH actions and ensure that no one is left behind when communicating crisis and risk to the population to address the COVID-19 pandemic.},
author = {Ataguba, Ochega A and Ataguba, John E},
doi = {10.1080/16549716.2020.1788263},
issn = {1654-9880 (Electronic)},
journal = {Global health action},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Communicable Disease Control,Communication,Coronavirus Infections,Delivery of Health Care,Developing Countries,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Social Determinants of Health,epidemiology,trends},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1788263},
pmid = {32657669},
title = {{Social determinants of health: the role of effective communication in the COVID-19  pandemic in developing countries.}},
volume = {13},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sigala2020,
abstract = {The paper aims to critically review past and emerging literature to help  professionals and researchers alike to better understand, manage and valorize both the tourism impacts and transformational affordance of COVID-19. To achieve this, first, the paper discusses why and how the COVID-19 can be a transformational opportunity by discussing the circumstances and the questions raised by the pandemic. By doing this, the paper identifies the fundamental values, institutions and pre-assumptions that the tourism industry and academia should challenge and break through to advance and reset the research and practice frontiers. The paper continues by discussing the major impacts, behaviours and experiences that three major tourism stakeholders (namely tourism demand, supply and destination management organisations and policy makers) are experiencing during three COVID-19 stages (response, recovery and reset). This provides an overview of the type and scale of the COVID-19 tourism impacts and implications for tourism research.},
author = {Sigala, Marianna},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015},
issn = {0148-2963 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of business research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {312--321},
pmid = {32546875},
title = {{Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry  and research.}},
volume = {117},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Liu2020f,
author = {Liu, Xu-Hui and Lu, Shui-Hua and Chen, Jun and Xia, Lu and Yang, Zong-Guo and Charles, Stratton and Yang, Yang and Lin, Yun and Lu, Hong-Zhou},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1766383},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Antibodies, Viral,Ascorbic Acid,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Cross-Sectional Studies,Female,Humans,Hydroxychloroquine,Immunologic Factors,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Severity of Illness Index,Thymalfasin,Travel,Treatment Outcome,blood,drug effects,drug therapy,epidemiology,immunology,pathogenicity,physiopathology,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1230--1232},
pmid = {32515651},
title = {{Clinical characteristics of foreign-imported COVID-19 cases in Shanghai, China.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lechner2020,
abstract = {Amidst the coronavirus pandemic, universities across the country abruptly closed  campuses and transitioned to remote learning. The effects of these unprecedented closures are unknown. The current study examined reported alcohol consumption during the week prior to and after campus closure at a public university in Northeast Ohio. Analysis of data from 1,958 students, who endorsed using alcohol in the past 30 days, demonstrates that alcohol consumption (amount and frequency) increased as time progressed. Those with more symptoms of depression and anxiety reported greater increases in alcohol consumption (assessed via retrospective timeline follow-back) compared to students with fewer symptoms. Furthermore, students with greater perceived social support reported less alcohol consumption. Together, these findings highlight the need for universities to offer services and programs to students that will minimize risk factors and maximize protective factors in order to reduce or prevent alcohol abuse during the coronavirus pandemic.},
author = {Lechner, William V and Laurene, Kimberly R and Patel, Sweta and Anderson, Megan and Grega, Chelsea and Kenne, Deric R},
doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106527},
issn = {1873-6327 (Electronic)},
journal = {Addictive behaviors},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
pages = {106527},
pmid = {32679435},
title = {{Changes in alcohol use as a function of psychological distress and social support  following COVID-19 related University closings.}},
volume = {110},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Cagliani2020,
abstract = {In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was recognized in  China. In a few months, SARS-CoV-2 has caused thousands of disease cases and deaths in several countries. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that SARS-CoV-2 clusters with SARS-CoV in the Sarbecovirus subgenus and viruses related to SARS-CoV-2 were identified from bats and pangolins. Coronaviruses have long and complex genomes with high plasticity in terms of gene content. To date, the coding potential of SARS-CoV-2 remains partially unknown. We thus used available sequences of bat and pangolin viruses to determine the selective events that shaped the genome structure of SARS-CoV-2 and to assess its coding potential. By searching for signals of significantly reduced variability at synonymous sites (dS), we identified six genomic regions, one of these corresponding to the programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift. The most prominent signal of dS reduction was observed within the E gene. A genome-wide analysis of conserved RNA structures indicated that this region harbors a putative functional RNA element that is shared with the SARS-CoV lineage. Additional signals of reduced dS indicated the presence of internal ORFs. Whereas the presence ORF9a (internal to N) was previously proposed by homology with a well characterized protein of SARS-CoV, ORF3h (for hypothetical, within ORF3a) was not previously described. The predicted product of ORF3h has 90{\%} identity with the corresponding predicted product of SARS-CoV and displays features suggestive of a viroporin. Finally, analysis of the putative ORF10 revealed high dN/dS (3.82) in SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses. In the SARS-CoV lineage, the ORF is predicted to encode a truncated protein and is neutrally evolving. These data suggest that ORF10 encodes a functional protein in SARS-CoV-2 and that positive selection is driving its evolution. Experimental analyses will be necessary to validate and characterize the coding and non-coding functional elements we identified.},
author = {Cagliani, Rachele and Forni, Diego and Clerici, Mario and Sironi, Manuela},
doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104353},
issn = {1567-7257 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and  evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases},
keywords = {Animals,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Gene Expression Regulation, Viral,Genome, Viral,Humans,Pandemics,Phylogeny,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA, Viral,Recombination, Genetic,Sequence Alignment,genetics,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {104353},
pmid = {32387562},
title = {{Coding potential and sequence conservation of SARS-CoV-2 and related animal viruses.}},
volume = {83},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Okba2020,
abstract = {Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a WHO priority pathogen  for which vaccines are urgently needed. Using an immune-focusing approach, we created self-assembling particles multivalently displaying critical regions of the MERS-CoV spike protein ─fusion peptide, heptad repeat 2, and receptor binding domain (RBD) ─ and tested their immunogenicity and protective capacity in rabbits. Using a "plug-and-display" SpyTag/SpyCatcher system, we coupled RBD to lumazine synthase (LS) particles producing multimeric RBD-presenting particles (RBD-LS). RBD-LS vaccination induced antibody responses of high magnitude and quality (avidity, MERS-CoV neutralizing capacity, and mucosal immunity) with cross-clade neutralization. The antibody responses were associated with blocking viral replication and upper and lower respiratory tract protection against MERS-CoV infection in rabbits. This arrayed multivalent presentation of the viral RBD using the antigen-SpyTag/LS-SpyCatcher is a promising MERS-CoV vaccine candidate and this platform may be applied for the rapid development of vaccines against other emerging viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.},
author = {Okba, Nisreen M A and Widjaja, Ivy and van Dieren, Brenda and Aebischer, Andrea and van Amerongen, Geert and de Waal, Leon and Stittelaar, Koert J and Schipper, Debby and Martina, Byron and van den Brand, Judith M A and Beer, Martin and Bosch, Berend-Jan and Haagmans, Bart L},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1760735},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Animals,Antibodies, Neutralizing,Antibodies, Viral,Antibody Affinity,Antibody Formation,Antigen Presentation,Binding Sites,Coronavirus Infections,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay,Female,Genetic Vectors,HEK293 Cells,Humans,Immunogenicity, Vaccine,Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus,Neutralization Tests,Protein Binding,Protein Domains,Rabbits,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus,Viral Vaccines,Virus Replication,biosynthesis,immunology,physiology,prevention {\&} control},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1080--1091},
pmid = {32471334},
title = {{Particulate multivalent presentation of the receptor binding domain induces  protective immune responses against MERS-CoV.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Donthu2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 outbreak is a sharp reminder that pandemics, like other rarely  occurring catastrophes, have happened in the past and will continue to happen in the future. Even if we cannot prevent dangerous viruses from emerging, we should prepare to dampen their effects on society. The current outbreak has had severe economic consequences across the globe, and it does not look like any country will be unaffected. This not only has consequences for the economy; all of society is affected, which has led to dramatic changes in how businesses act and consumers behave. This special issue is a global effort to address some of the pandemic-related issues affecting society. In total, there are 13 papers that cover different industry sectors (e.g., tourism, retail, higher education), changes in consumer behavior and businesses, ethical issues, and aspects related to employees and leadership.},
author = {Donthu, Naveen and Gustafsson, Anders},
booktitle = {Journal of business research},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008},
issn = {0148-2963 (Print)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {284--289},
pmid = {32536736},
title = {{Effects of COVID-19 on business and research.}},
volume = {117},
year = {2020}
}
@article{VanDorp2020,
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is a SARS-like coronavirus of likely zoonotic origin first identified in  December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province. The virus has since spread globally, resulting in the currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The first whole genome sequence was published on January 5 2020, and thousands of genomes have been sequenced since this date. This resource allows unprecedented insights into the past demography of SARS-CoV-2 but also monitoring of how the virus is adapting to its novel human host, providing information to direct drug and vaccine design. We curated a dataset of 7666 public genome assemblies and analysed the emergence of genomic diversity over time. Our results are in line with previous estimates and point to all sequences sharing a common ancestor towards the end of 2019, supporting this as the period when SARS-CoV-2 jumped into its human host. Due to extensive transmission, the genetic diversity of the virus in several countries recapitulates a large fraction of its worldwide genetic diversity. We identify regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome that have remained largely invariant to date, and others that have already accumulated diversity. By focusing on mutations which have emerged independently multiple times (homoplasies), we identify 198 filtered recurrent mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Nearly 80{\%} of the recurrent mutations produced non-synonymous changes at the protein level, suggesting possible ongoing adaptation of SARS-CoV-2. Three sites in Orf1ab in the regions encoding Nsp6, Nsp11, Nsp13, and one in the Spike protein are characterised by a particularly large number of recurrent mutations ({\textgreater}15 events) which may signpost convergent evolution and are of particular interest in the context of adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to the human host. We additionally provide an interactive user-friendly web-application to query the alignment of the 7666 SARS-CoV-2 genomes.},
author = {van Dorp, Lucy and Acman, Mislav and Richard, Damien and Shaw, Liam P and Ford, Charlotte E and Ormond, Louise and Owen, Christopher J and Pang, Juanita and Tan, Cedric C S and Boshier, Florencia A T and Ortiz, Arturo Torres and Balloux, Fran{\c{c}}ois},
doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104351},
issn = {1567-7257 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and  evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases},
keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological,Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Genetic Variation,Genome, Viral,Humans,Likelihood Functions,Mutation,Pandemics,Phylogeny,Pneumonia, Viral,Viral Vaccines,genetics,prevention {\&} control,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {104351},
pmid = {32387564},
title = {{Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2.}},
volume = {83},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Wister2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 global crisis is reshaping Canadian society in unexpected and profound  ways. The significantly higher morbidity and mortality risks by age suggest that this is largely a "gero-pandemic," which has thrust the field of aging onto center stage. This editorial emphasizes that vulnerable older adults are also those most affected by COVID-19 in terms of infection risk, negative health effects, and the potential deleterious outcomes on a range of social, psychological, and economic contexts - from ageism to social isolation. We also contend that the pathogenic analysis of this pandemic needs to be balanced with a salutogenic approach that examines the positive adaptation of people, systems and society, termed COVID-19 resilience. This begs the question: how and why do some older adults and communities adapt and thrive better than others? This examination will lead to the identification and response to research and data gaps, challenges, and innovative opportunities as we plan for a future in which COVID-19 has become another endemic infection in the growing list of emerging and re-emerging pathogens.},
author = {Wister, Andrew and Speechley, Mark},
doi = {10.1017/S0714980820000215},
issn = {1710-1107 (Electronic)},
journal = {Canadian journal on aging = La revue canadienne du vieillissement},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {344--347},
pmid = {32423497},
title = {{COVID-19: Pandemic Risk, Resilience and Possibilities for Aging Research.}},
volume = {39},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Barilla2020,
abstract = {: ACE2 receptor has a broad expression pattern in the cellular membrane and provides  a protective action against the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, this enzyme has become of extreme interest during the pandemic infection of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). This virus invades alveolar epithelium and cardiomyocytes using ACE2 as a transmembrane receptor. ACE2 is a counter-regulatory peptide that degrades Ang II into Ang 1-7, thereby attenuating the biological effects of the AT1 receptor. The binding between the spike protein of COVID-19 and the enzyme is crucial for the virus to enter the target cells, but whether an increase in ACE2 activity could facilitate the infection is not yet demonstrated. However, this aspect has raised many concerns about the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs in infected patients or patients at risk of infection. It appears that cellular infection leads to a reduction in ACE2 expression and an increase in the activity of the Ang II--AT1 axis, which leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ARDS, myocarditis, and hypercoagulability with the possibility of exacerbation of acute coronary syndrome, induction of pulmonary embolism, or appearance of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Therefore, ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blocker drugs should be continued in infected patients, as their discontinuation can increase Ang II activity and induce injury to the lungs or cardiovascular system.},
author = {Barill{\`{a}}, Francesco and Bassareo, Pier Paolo and Calcaterra, Giuseppe and Romeo, Francesco and Mehta, Jawahar L},
doi = {10.2459/JCM.0000000000001071},
issn = {1558-2035 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {630--633},
pmid = {32740495},
title = {{Focus on clinical practice: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and corona virus disease  2019: pathophysiology and clinical implications.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zhang2020d,
abstract = {The nucleocapsid protein is significant in the formation of viral RNA of the severe  acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), accounting for the largest proportion of viral structural proteins. Here, we report for the first time that the 11S proteasomal activator PA28$\gamma$ regulates the intracellular abundance of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein (nCoV N). Furthermore, we have identified proteasome activator PA28$\gamma$ as a nCoV N binding protein by co-immunoprecipitation assay. As a result of their interaction, nCoV N could be degraded by PA28$\gamma$-20S in vitro degradation assay. This was also demonstrated by blocking de novo protein synthesis with cycloheximide. The stability of nCoV N in PA28$\gamma$-knockout cells was greater than in PA28$\gamma$-wildtype cells. Notably, immunofluorescence staining revealed that knockout of the PA28$\gamma$ gene in cells led to the transport of nCoV N from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of PA28$\gamma$ enhanced proteolysis of nCoV N compared to that in PA28$\gamma$-N151Y cells containing a dominant-negative PA28$\gamma$ mutation, which reduced this process. These results suggest that PA28$\gamma$ binding is important in regulating 20S proteasome activity, which in turn regulates levels of the critical nCoV N nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2, furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19.},
author = {Zhang, Haiyang and Tu, Jialu and Cao, Chulei and Yang, Ting and Gao, Liangcai},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.058},
issn = {1090-2104 (Electronic)},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
keywords = {Autoantigens,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,HEK293 Cells,Humans,In Vitro Techniques,Nucleocapsid Proteins,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex,Protein Binding,Protein Stability,Protein Transport,Proteolysis,metabolism,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {2},
pages = {251--256},
pmid = {32703419},
title = {{Proteasome activator PA28$\gamma$-dependent degradation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)  nucleocapsid protein.}},
volume = {529},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Peng2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak has brought tremendous psychological pressure to  the general population, which may lead to depression. Therefore, this study aim to evaluate the prevalence and clinical correlates of depressive symptoms in the general population quarantined during the COVID-19 outbreak in Shenzhen. METHODS: 2237 quarantined general individuals participated in this cross-sectional study from February 14 to March 4, 2020, during their 14 days quarantine. They completed the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) for depression, Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) for anxiety, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality, and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) for post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptom was 6.21{\%} in quarantined individuals. The depressed group were younger, less married and educated, and had higher SAS, PSQI, IES-R total scores (all p{\textless}0.05), as well as more avoidance, intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms than the non-depressed group. Correlation analysis showed significant correlations between SDS score and the following parameters: age, marriage, education, SAS, PSQI, IES-R total and its three subscale scores (Bonferroni corrected all p{\textless}0.05). Further multiple regression indicated that age, marriage, education, SAS, PSQI, IES-R total score, Avoidance and Hyperarousal factor were independent predictors of depressive symptom. LIMITATIONS: This study adopted a cross-sectional design and used self-report questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an elevated prevalence of depressive symptom in quarantined general individuals in Shenzhen. Some demographic and clinical variables were associated with depressive symptoms.},
author = {Peng, Min and Mo, Beirong and Liu, Yansong and Xu, Mingming and Song, Xinran and Liu, Luyu and Fang, Yeqing and Guo, Tianyou and Ye, Jinying and Yu, Zhijian and Deng, Qiwen and Zhang, Xiangyang},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.035},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {119--124},
pmid = {32658813},
title = {{Prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of depression in quarantined  population during the COVID-19 outbreak.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Hu2020,
author = {Hu, Bo and Deng, Qing and Zhou, Qing},
booktitle = {International journal of cardiology},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.05.049},
issn = {1874-1754 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,SARS Virus},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {95},
pmid = {32560765},
title = {{Cardiac involvement of COVID-19: Looking forward to novel discoveries and clinically  valuable evidence.}},
volume = {314},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Shojaei2020,
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak resulted  in 5,993,317 confirmed cases worldwide with 365,394 confirmed deaths (as of May 29(th), 2020, WHO). The molecular mechanism of virus infection and spread in the body is not yet disclosed, but studies on other betacoronaviruses show that, upon cell infection, these viruses inhibit macroautophagy/autophagy flux and cause the accumulation of autophagosomes. No drug has yet been approved for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, preclinical investigations suggested repurposing of several FDA-approved drugs for clinical trials. Half of these drugs are modulators of the autophagy pathway. Unexpectedly, instead of acting by directly antagonizing the effects of viruses, these drugs appear to function by suppressing autophagy flux. Based on the established cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis, we speculate that over-accumulation of autophagosomes activates an apoptotic pathway that results in apoptotic death of the infected cells and disrupts the virus replication cycle. However, administration of the suggested drugs are associated with severe adverse effects due to their off-target accumulation. Nanoparticle targeting of autophagy at the sites of interest could be a powerful tool to efficiently overcome SARS-CoV-2 infection while avoiding the common adverse effects of these drugs.},
author = {Shojaei, Shahla and Suresh, Madhumita and Klionsky, Daniel J and Labouta, Hagar Ibrahim and Ghavami, Saeid},
booktitle = {Virulence},
doi = {10.1080/21505594.2020.1780088},
issn = {2150-5608 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Autophagy,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,pathogenicity,pathology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {805--810},
pmid = {32567972},
title = {{Autophagy and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Apossible smart targeting of the autophagy  pathway.}},
volume = {11},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Baussano2020,
author = {Baussano, Iacopo and Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy and Weiderpass, Elisabete},
doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106150},
issn = {1096-0260 (Electronic)},
journal = {Preventive medicine},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Cost Savings,Cost-Benefit Analysis,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Quality-Adjusted Life Years,economics,epidemiology,prevention {\&} control},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {106150},
pmid = {32473263},
title = {{Prevention is life- and cost-saving.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Romeo-Arroyo2020,
abstract = {The present study provides an overview of the food related behavior of the Spanish  population during the confinement period due to the Covid-19 sanitary emergency. A national survey was responded by 600 volunteers, who answered questions related to food consumption, home-food and cooking related habits (F{\&}C), and the Spanish version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. In general, most consumers could be considered "External eaters"; F{\&}C questionnaire allowed segmenting the population in "low-cooking engagement", "health -concerned" and "health-disregarded" groups. These consumers' segments reported different behavior, highlighting, for example, the increase of snacks and ultra-processed food consumption of the health-disregarded group.},
author = {Romeo-Arroyo, E and Mora, M and V{\'{a}}zquez-Ara{\'{u}}jo, L},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijgfs.2020.100226},
issn = {1878-4518 (Electronic)},
journal = {International journal of gastronomy and food science},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {100226},
pmid = {32528560},
title = {{Consumer behavior in confinement times: Food choice and cooking attitudes in Spain.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Tang2020b,
author = {Tang, Yuanji and Serdan, Tamires D A and Masi, Laureane N and Tang, Sherry and Gorjao, Renata and Hirabara, Sandro M},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1785337},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Brazil,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Outbreaks,Epidemiologic Studies,Humans,Models, Statistical,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1453--1456},
pmid = {32552473},
title = {{Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Brazil: using a mathematical model to estimate the  outbreak peak and temporal evolution.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Ricco2020,
author = {Ricc{\`{o}}, Matteo and Ranzieri, Silvia and Balzarini, Federica and Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi and Corradi, Massimo},
booktitle = {The Science of the total environment},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139489},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139489},
pmid = {32425256},
title = {{SARS-CoV-2 infection and air pollutants: Correlation or causation?}},
volume = {734},
year = {2020}
}
@article{,
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000850},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32646886},
title = {{Correction: Guillain-Barr{\'{e}} syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Cobes2020,
abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of this series of cases is to show the aspects of  ventilation/perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography combined with computed tomography (V/Q SPECT/CT) in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, with the worsening of respiratory symptoms raising the suspicion of a pulmonary embolism. Patients did not benefit from CT angiography for various reasons: a contraindication, unavailability of the CT angiography, or a low clinical probability for pulmonary embolism. METHODS: We retrospectively describe the results of the V/Q SPECT/CT of five patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia in the nuclear medicine departments of the Centre Cardiologique du Nord and of the Delafontaine hospital in Saint-Denis (Ile-de-France, France) between April 2, 2020, and April 10, 2020. These patients had persistent dyspnea or chest pain suggesting pulmonary embolism. RESULTS: The V/Q SPECT/CT allowed to diagnose a pulmonary embolism in one of these five patients. We also noted several characteristics of the perfusion and ventilation depending on the lung lesions on the CT scan. The areas affected by COVID-19 were most often responsible for ventilatory anomalies with a relatively preserved perfusion. In more advanced cases of pneumonia, with alveolar fillings, the perfusion was also reduced or absent in accordance with large ventilation defects. In addition, the healthy parenchyma appeared to benefit from an uptake in ventilation and perfusion. CONCLUSION: V/Q SPECT/CT can play a role in the management of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 for the diagnosis of embolic complications with meticulous hygienic precautions. The different characteristics of the ventilatory and perfusion anomalies related to COVID-19 pneumonia will be confirmed with the next cases. In addition, in this pandemic context and facing a significant infectious risk, the utility of ventilation will also have to be specified.},
author = {Cobes, Nina and Guernou, Mohamed and Lussato, David and Queneau, Mathieu and Songy, Bernard and Bonardel, G{\'{e}}rald and Grellier, Jean-Fran{\c{c}}ois},
doi = {10.1007/s00259-020-04920-w},
issn = {1619-7089 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {10},
pages = {2453--2460},
pmid = {32556400},
title = {{Ventilation/perfusion SPECT/CT findings in different lung lesions associated with  COVID-19: a case series.}},
volume = {47},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Carbone2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is one the biggest challenges the global community has faced  this century. The threat of the virus coupled with the impacts of the social and economic shut-down measures required to slow its spread, appear to be impacting on people's mental health and wellbeing. Over the weeks, months and years ahead it is likely that many countries will experience a 'wave' of COVID-19 related mental disorders as a result of an increase in risk factors linked to the pandemic such as social isolation; unemployment; housing and income stress; intimate partner violence; work-related trauma; and grief and loss. The 'two-pronged' approach used to deal with COVID-19, provides an excellent blueprint for managing its mental health impacts as well. Nations must focus on preventing the occurrence of new-onset cases of mental disorders as well as strengthening their mental healthcare response to support people who become mentally unwell. A focus on primary prevention is particularly important to 'flatten the curve' and avoid a surge in incidence of mental disorders stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence-based interventions designed to prevent common disorders are already available and should be scaled-up. These interventions include parenting programs, social and emotional learning programs, self-care strategies, and workplace mental wellbeing programs, among others.},
author = {Carbone, Stephen R},
booktitle = {Mental health {\&} prevention},
doi = {10.1016/j.mhp.2020.200185},
issn = {2212-6570 (Print)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {200185},
pmid = {32566473},
title = {{Flattening the curve of mental ill-health: the importance of primary prevention in  managing the mental health impacts of COVID-19.}},
volume = {19},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Acter2020,
abstract = {According to data compiled by researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore,  Maryland, more than two and half million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a newly discovered virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been confirmed on April 20, 2020 (Nature, 2020b). Since the emergence of this infectious disease in Asia (Wuhan, China) late last year, it has been subsequently span to every continent of the world except Antarctica (Rodr{\'{i}}guez-Morales et al., 2020). Along with a foothold in every country, the current disease pandemic is disrupting practically every aspect of life all over the world. As the outbreak are continuing to evolve, several research activities have been conducted for better understanding the origin, functions, treatments, and preventions of this novel coronavirus. This review will be a summa of the key features of novel coronavirus (nCoV), the virus causing disease 2019 and the present epidemic situation worldwide up to April 20, 2020. It is expected that this record will play an important role to take more preventive measures for overcoming the challenges faced during this current pandemic.},
author = {Acter, Thamina and Uddin, Nizam and Das, Jagotamoy and Akhter, Afroza and Choudhury, Tasrina Rabia and Kim, Sunghwan},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138996},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Global Health,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138996},
pmid = {32371230},
title = {{Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as  coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency.}},
volume = {730},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Amoatey2020,
abstract = {Majority of countries across the globe have employed improving building ventilation,  quarantine, social distancing, and disinfections as a general measure of preventing SARS-CoV-2 virus transmissions. However, arid Middle Eastern countries with hot climate (elevated outdoor temperature and humidity levels) are experiencing a different situation. Unfortunately, these harsh ambient climatic conditions in Middle Eastern countries make it impossible for most buildings to utilize natural/mechanical ventilation systems. Besides, indoor air temperatures of most buildings are very low due to overconsumption of air conditioning, thereby, it can be a potential factor of virus spread in most residential homes and public buildings. Most importantly, habitual indoor burning of incense which is the major source of coarse (PM(10); aerodynamic diameter {\textless}10 $\mu$m) and fine (PM(2.5); aerodynamic diameter {\textless}2.5 $\mu$m) particulate matters (PM) could facilitate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus droplets and particles in indoor environments. In fact, it increases the spread of the virus via inhalation in these countries, especially where the wearing of masks is not regulated in public, commercial and residential buildings. It is therefore highly recommended for the relevant public health agencies to critically assess the role of poor indoor environmental conditions including the burning of incense on virus transmissions, which may help to develop control measures for the future viral outbreak effectively.},
author = {Amoatey, Patrick and Omidvarborna, Hamid and Baawain, Mahad Said and Al-Mamun, Abdullah},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139356},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Conditioning,Air Pollutants,Air Pollution, Indoor,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Middle East,Pandemics,Particle Size,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral,Smoke,Ventilation,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139356},
pmid = {32416534},
title = {{Impact of building ventilation systems and habitual indoor incense burning on  SARS-CoV-2 virus transmissions in Middle Eastern countries.}},
volume = {733},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Sun2020c,
abstract = {During the proofing process, the misspelling of "additional" occurred while changing  the title of the article. The complete title should be "Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19: Combination of Pulmonary and IV Administration May Offer Additional Benefit".},
author = {Sun, Duxin},
booktitle = {The AAPS journal},
doi = {10.1208/s12248-020-00483-8},
issn = {1550-7416 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {5},
pages = {102},
pmid = {32743771},
title = {{Correction to: Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19: Combination of Pulmonary and IV  Administration May Offer Additional Benefit.}},
volume = {22},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Sahin2020,
author = {Sahin, Mustafa Kursat and Sahin, Gulay},
booktitle = {The European journal of general practice},
doi = {10.1080/13814788.2020.1789095},
issn = {1751-1402 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Family Practice,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Turkey},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {102--103},
pmid = {32674624},
title = {{Family medicine departments and healthcare centres during COVID-19 pandemic in  Turkey.}},
volume = {26},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Grimes2020,
author = {Grimes, Zachary and Bryce, Clare and Sordillo, Emilia Mia and Gordon, Ronald E and Reidy, Jason and {Paniz Mondolfi}, Alberto E and Fowkes, Mary},
booktitle = {Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular  Pathology},
doi = {10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107227},
issn = {1879-1336 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
pages = {107227},
pmid = {32718733},
title = {{Fatal Pulmonary Thromboembolism in SARS-CoV-2-Infection.}},
volume = {48},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Fusar-Poli2020,
author = {Fusar-Poli, Paolo and Brambilla, Paolo and Solmi, Marco},
booktitle = {Journal of affective disorders},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.028},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {78--79},
pmid = {32658828},
title = {{Learning from COVID-19 pandemic in northen italy: Impact on mental health and  clinical care.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Dexter2020,
abstract = {Reductions in perioperative surgical site infections are obtained by a multifaceted  approach including patient decolonization, hand hygiene, and hub disinfection, and environmental cleaning. Associated surveillance of S. aureus transmission quantifies the effectiveness of the basic measures to prevent the transmission to patients and clinicians of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To measure transmission, the observational units are pairs of successive surgical cases in the same operating room on the same day. We evaluated appropriate sample sizes and strategies for measuring transmission. There was absence of serial correlation among observed counts of transmitted isolates within each of several periods (all P ≥.18). Similarly, observing transmission within or between cases of a pair did not increase the probability that the next sampled pair of cases also had observed transmission (all P ≥.23). Most pairs of cases had no detected transmitted isolates. Also, although transmission (yes/no) was associated with surgical site infection (P =.004), among cases with transmission, there was no detected dose response between counts of transmitted isolates and probability of infection (P =.25). The first of a fixed series of tests is to use the binomial test to compare the proportion of pairs of cases with S. aureus transmission to an acceptable threshold. An appropriate sample size for this screening is N =25 pairs. If significant, more samples are obtained while additional measures are implemented to reduce transmission and infections. Subsequent sampling is done to evaluate effectiveness. The two independent binomial proportions are compared using Boschloo's exact test. The total sample size for the 1(st) and 2(nd) stage is N =100 pairs. Because S. aureus transmission is invisible without testing, when choosing what population(s) to screen for surveillance, another endpoint needs to be used (e.g., infections). Only 10/298 combinations of specialty and operating room were relatively common (≥1.0{\%} of cases) and had expected incidence ≥0.20 infections per 8 hours of sampled cases. The 10 combinations encompassed ≅17{\%} of cases, showing the value of targeting surveillance of transmission to a few combinations of specialties and rooms. In conclusion, we created a sampling protocol and appropriate sample sizes for using S. aureus transmission within and between pairs of successive cases in the same operating room, the purpose being to monitor the quality of prevention of intraoperative spread of pathogenic bacteria and viruses.},
author = {Dexter, Franklin and Ledolter, Johannes and Wall, Russell T and Datta, Subhradeep and Loftus, Randy W},
doi = {10.1016/j.pcorm.2020.100115},
issn = {2405-6030 (Electronic)},
journal = {Perioperative care and operating room management},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100115},
pmid = {32501426},
title = {{Sample sizes for surveillance of S. aureus transmission to monitor effectiveness and  provide feedback on intraoperative infection control including for COVID-19.}},
volume = {20},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kerimray2020,
abstract = {Number of cities worlwide experienced air quality improvements during COVID-19  lockdowns; however, such changes may have been different in places with major contributions from nontraffic related sources. In Almaty, a city-scale quarantine came into force on March 19, 2020, which was a week after the first COVID-19 case was registered in Kazakhstan. This study aims to analyze the effect of the lockdown from March 19 to April 14, 2020 (27 days), on the concentrations of air pollutants in Almaty. Daily concentrations of PM(2.5), NO(2), SO(2), CO, O(3), and BTEX were compared between the periods before and during the lockdown. During the lockdown, the PM(2.5) concentration was reduced by 21{\%} with spatial variations of 6-34{\%} compared to the average on the same days in 2018-2019, and still, it exceeded WHO daily limit values for 18 days. There were also substantial reductions in CO and NO(2) concentrations by 49{\%} and 35{\%}, respectively, but an increase in O(3) levels by 15{\%} compared to the prior 17 days before the lockdown. The concentrations of benzene and toluene were 2-3 times higher than those during in the same seasons of 2015-2019. The temporal reductions may not be directly attributed to the lockdown due to favorable meteorological variations during the period, but the spatial effects of the quarantine on the pollution levels are evidenced. The results demonstrate the impact of traffic on the complex nature of air pollution in Almaty, which is substantially contributed by various nontraffic related sources, mainly coal-fired combined heat and power plants and household heating systems, as well as possible small irregular sources such as garbage burning and bathhouses.},
author = {Kerimray, Aiymgul and Baimatova, Nassiba and Ibragimova, Olga P and Bukenov, Bauyrzhan and Kenessov, Bulat and Plotitsyn, Pavel and Karaca, Ferhat},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139179},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Environmental Monitoring,Kazakhstan,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139179},
pmid = {32387822},
title = {{Assessing air quality changes in large cities during COVID-19 lockdowns: The impacts  of traffic-free urban conditions in Almaty, Kazakhstan.}},
volume = {730},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Ali2020,
author = {Ali, Hatem and Daoud, Ahmed and Mohamed, Mahmoud M and Salim, Sohail Abdul and Yessayan, Lenar and Baharani, Jyoti and Murtaza, Asam and Rao, Vinaya and Soliman, Karim M},
booktitle = {Renal failure},
doi = {10.1080/0886022X.2020.1756323},
issn = {1525-6049 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Acute Kidney Injury,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Renal Replacement Therapy,Survival Rate,complications,mortality,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {393--397},
pmid = {32340507},
title = {{Survival rate in acute kidney injury superimposed COVID-19 patients: a systematic  review and meta-analysis.}},
volume = {42},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Buioni2020,
author = {Buioni, Dario and Nardi, Paolo and Ruvolo, Giovanni},
booktitle = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.031},
issn = {1873-3492 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Anticoagulants,Betacoronavirus,Blood Coagulation Disorders,Cardiovascular Diseases,Coronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Thrombocytopenia},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109},
pmid = {32417209},
title = {{Thrombocytopenia and coagulation disorders due to COVID 19 infection with  concomitant cardiovascular diseases requiring anti-platelet and anticoagulant therapy, which strategy?}},
volume = {508},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Papa-Gobbi2020,
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become one of the most challenging  episodes in the history of modern public health, with particular emphasis in high risk population. However, the evidence regarding their response to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), the agent responsible for COVID-19 is scant (2) . Herein we present the clinical and therapeutic course of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with multivisceral transplant and a recent tuberculosis infection.},
author = {Papa-Gobbi, Rodrigo and Bueno, Alba and Serradilla, Javier and Talayero, Paloma and Stringa, Pablo and Pascual-Miguel, B{\'{a}}rbara and Alcolea-S{\'{a}}nchez, Alida and Gonz{\'{a}}lez-Sacristan, Roc{\'{i}}o and Andr{\'{e}}s, Ane M and L{\'{o}}pez-Santamar{\'{i}}a, Manuel and Rumbo, Mart{\'{i}}n and Ramos-Boluda, Esther and Hern{\'{a}}ndez-Oliveros, Francisco},
booktitle = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society},
doi = {10.1111/tid.13430},
issn = {1399-3062 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {e13430},
pmid = {32741047},
title = {{Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a patient with multivisceral transplant.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Gebbia2020,
abstract = {To contain COVID-19 spread, Italy is under a global lockdown since February 21,  2020, except for health services and food supply. In this scenario, growing apprehension concerning legal consequences is rising among health professionals due to several ethical and legal questions. Even if medical ethicists may approve patients' prioritization protocols, hospitals and health professionals remain highly exposed to liability. The so-called smart-working may be very useful, but it may harbor potential legal harms for health personnel and patients and safety. Moreover, personal umbrella policies also often exclude liability arising out of the transmission of a communicable disease, especially a pandemic state, is declared. Under the pressure of medical associations, Italian Government political forces have very recently presented an amendment to the recently released ordinances for the COVID-19 emergency aimed to reduce medical liability. Presumably, similar epidemics or other wide-scale similar events may happen again in an unpredictable future. Therefore, more articulated legal regulations are strongly needed starting from lessons learned from this epidemic.},
author = {Gebbia, Vittorio and Bordonaro, Roberto and Blasi, Livio and Piazza, Dario and Pellegrino, Alessandro and Iacono, Carmelo and Spada, Massimiliano and Tralongo, Paolo and Firenze, Alberto},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcpo.2020.100234},
issn = {2213-5383 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of cancer policy},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100234},
pmid = {32562478},
title = {{Liability of clinical oncologists and the COVID-19 emergency: Between hopes and  concerns.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Nasim2020,
author = {Nasim, Sundus and Hashmi, Shariq Haider and Azim, Dua and Kumar, Sohail and Nasim, Jasia},
booktitle = {Infectious diseases (London, England)},
doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1780307},
issn = {2374-4243 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Progression,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Retrospective Studies,Risk Factors},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {681--682},
pmid = {32644027},
title = {{Tocilizumab for COVID-19: a real 'miracle drug'?}},
volume = {52},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mponponsuo2020,
author = {Mponponsuo, Kwadwo and Kerkerian, Genevi{\`{e}}ve and Somayaji, Ranjani and Missaghi, Bayan and Vayalumkal, Joseph V and Larios, Oscar E and Berenger, Byron M and Lauzon, Matt and McDonnell, Nicole and Conly, John},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2020.392},
issn = {1559-6834 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--11},
pmid = {32741398},
title = {{Lack of Nosocomial Transmission to Exposed Inpatients and Co-Workers in an  Investigation of Five SARS-CoV-2 Infected Healthcare Workers.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Wood2020,
abstract = {Managing healthcare demand and capacity is especially difficult in the context of  the COVID-19 pandemic, where limited intensive care resources can be overwhelmed by a large number of cases requiring admission in a short space of time. If patients are unable to access this specialist resource, then death is a likely outcome. In appreciating these 'capacity-dependent' deaths, this paper reports on the clinically-led development of a stochastic discrete event simulation model designed to capture the key dynamics of the intensive care admissions process for COVID-19 patients. With application to a large public hospital in England during an early stage of the pandemic, the purpose of this study was to estimate the extent to which such capacity-dependent deaths can be mitigated through demand-side initiatives involving non-pharmaceutical interventions and supply-side measures to increase surge capacity. Based on information available at the time, results suggest that total capacity-dependent deaths can be reduced by 75{\%} through a combination of increasing capacity from 45 to 100 beds, reducing length of stay by 25{\%}, and flattening the peak demand to 26 admissions per day. Accounting for the additional 'capacity-independent' deaths, which occur even when appropriate care is available within the intensive care setting, yields an aggregate reduction in total deaths of 30{\%}. The modelling tool, which is freely available and open source, has since been used to support COVID-19 response planning at a number of healthcare systems within the UK National Health Service.},
author = {Wood, Richard M and McWilliams, Christopher J and Thomas, Matthew J and Bourdeaux, Christopher P and Vasilakis, Christos},
doi = {10.1007/s10729-020-09511-7},
issn = {1386-9620 (Print)},
journal = {Health care management science},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {315--324},
pmid = {32642878},
title = {{COVID-19 scenario modelling for the mitigation of capacity-dependent deaths in  intensive care.}},
volume = {23},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Raymond-Hayling2020,
author = {Raymond-Hayling, Olivia},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1781749},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1781749},
pmid = {32544000},
title = {{What lies in the year ahead for medical education? A medical student's perspective  during the COVID-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Fragiel2020,
author = {Fragiel, M and {Canora Lebrato}, J and Candel, F J and {Zapatero Gaviria}, A and {Marco Mart{\'{i}}nez}, J and {Gonz{\'{a}}lez Del Castillo}, J},
booktitle = {Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de  Quimioterapia},
doi = {10.37201/req/058.2020},
issn = {1988-9518 (Electronic)},
language = {spa},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32741193},
title = {{[Differential diagnosis of pneumonia at the time of COVID-19].}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Du2020,
abstract = {Since its outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province China, 2019-coronavirus infected disease  (COVID-19) had been widely spread all over the world, the control of which calls for a better understanding of its epidemiology and clinical characteristics. We included 12 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University from 23 January 2020 to 11 February 2020, which were retrospectively analyzed for epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological features. All the patients were confirmed by nucleic acid detection, the average age of whom was 45.25 years (range, 23-79 years). Most patients had a history of Wuhan traveling or had contact with Wuhan travelers or infected cases. Obvious family cluster was observed. Clinical manifestations included fever (12/12), fatigue (10/12), cough (6/12), sore throat (4/12), headache (3/12), and diarrhea (2/12). Only three out of eight patients had pneumonia manifestation on radiography. Most patients had a normal white blood cell (WBC) count and normal or reduced lymphocyte (LY) count. Pneumonia changes were observed in all the four patients who underwent a chest CT scan. Only one elderly patient developed severe pneumonia, while all the rest were mild disease and had a self-limiting course.},
author = {Du, Na and Chen, Haiying and Zhang, Qing and Che, Lihe and Lou, Lixin and Li, Xiaohua and Zhang, Kaiyu and Bao, Wanguo},
doi = {10.1080/21505594.2020.1767357},
issn = {2150-5608 (Electronic)},
journal = {Virulence},
keywords = {Adult,Aged,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Cough,Diarrhea,Fatigue,Female,Fever,Headache,Humans,Leukocyte Count,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pharyngitis,Pneumonia, Viral,Retrospective Studies,Tomography, X-Ray Computed,Young Adult,diagnostic imaging,epidemiology,etiology,isolation {\&} purification,pathology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {482--485},
pmid = {32441574},
title = {{A case series describing the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19  infection in Jilin Province.}},
volume = {11},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chen2020e,
abstract = {Since December 2019, an increasing number of cases associated with the 2019 novel  coronavirus (2019‑nCoV) have emerged in Wuhan, China, which has resulted in a rapid outbreak in China and worldwide. The present study aimed to describe the clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of 2019‑nCoV pneumonia (NCP) in Zhejiang province, outside of Wuhan. A total of 74 patients with 2019‑nCoV were continuously enrolled between January 22 and March 2, 2020 at Zhejiang Hospital. Diagnosis was confirmed at Zhejiang Hospital by reverse transcription‑PCR (RT‑PCR), which was approved by the Chinese government. Subsequently, the clinical features between positive‑ and negative‑NCP patients in Zhejiang were compared. Among the 74 hospitalized patients with suspected 2019‑NCP, six patients (one male and five female patients) were confirmed to be infected with 2019‑nCoV by RT‑PCR. The average age of the confirmed patients was 40±13 years. There were three family clusters among the confirmed cases, one patient from each of these families had travel history or contact with patients from Wuhan within 2 weeks. Compared with non‑NCP patients, the most common symptoms at onset for patients with NCP were fever (5/6; 83.3{\%}) and cough (5/6; 83.3{\%}), followed by dyspnea/pharyngalgia (2/6; 33.3{\%}), whereas myalgia (1/6; 16.7{\%}) and fatigue (1/6; 16.7{\%}) were less common. All 74 patients with suspected NCP exhibited abnormal computerized tomography (CT) images. In total, 2/6 (33.3{\%}) patients with confirmed NCP presented with bilateral pneumonia, and 21/68 (30.9{\%}) non‑NCP patients exhibited bilateral pneumonia, with bilateral distribution of patchy shadows or ground glass opacity. The present study revealed that epidemiological history was critical to the diagnosis of 2019‑nCoV in low epidemic regions outside Hubei province. It was also identified that chest CT could not replace nucleic acid testing due to similar radiological manifestations.},
author = {Chen, Ling and Jin, Qiuhong and Zhou, Ying and Yang, Jiao and Wang, Zhehua and Ge, Ke and Yang, Jiangle and Wang, Hong},
doi = {10.3892/mmr.2020.11329},
issn = {1791-3004 (Electronic)},
journal = {Molecular medicine reports},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {2583--2587},
pmid = {32705222},
title = {{Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Zhejiang province,  China.}},
volume = {22},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Li2020,
abstract = {In December 2019, Wuhan, China suffered a serious outbreak of a novel coronavirus  infectious disease (COVID) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV 2). To quickly identify the pathogen, we designed and screened primer sets, and established a sensitive and specific qRT-PCR assay for SARS-CoV 2; the lower limit of detection (LOD) was 14.8 (95{\%} CI: 9.8-21) copies per reaction. We combined this qRT-PCR assay with an automatic integration system for nucleic acid extraction and amplification, thereby establishing an automatic integrated gene detection system (AIGS) for SARS-CoV 2. Cross reactive analysis performed in 20 other respiratory viruses and 37 nasopharyngeal swabs confirmed a 100{\%} specificity of the assay. Using two fold diluted SARS-CoV 2 culture, the LOD of AIGS was confirmed to be 365 copies/ml (95{\%} CI: 351-375), which was Comparable to that of conventional q RT-PCR (740 copies/ml, 95{\%} CI: 689-750). Clinical performances of AIGS assay were assessed in 266 suspected COVID-19 clinical respiratory tract samples tested in parallel with a commercial kit. The clinical sensitivity of the AIGS test was 97.62{\%} (95{\%} CI: 0.9320-0.9951) based on the commercial kit test result, and concordance analysis showed a high agreement in SARS-CoV-2 detection between the two assays, Pearson R was 0.9623 (95{\%} CI: 0.9523-0.9703). The results indicated that this AIGS could be used for rapid detection of SARS-CoV 2. With the advantage of simple operation and less time consuming, AIGS could be suitable for SARS-CoV2 detection in primary medical institutions, thus would do a great help to improve detection efficiency and control the spread of COVID-19.},
author = {Li, Yuchang and Li, Jing and Zhang, Ying and Dai, Lizhong and Li, Lin and Liu, Juan and Zhang, Sen and Wu, Xiaoyan and Hu, Yi and Qin, Chenfeng and Jiang, Tao and Kang, Xiaoping},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1782774},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Automation, Laboratory,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,DNA Primers,Humans,Limit of Detection,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA, Viral,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Sensitivity and Specificity,Virus Cultivation,analysis,diagnosis,isolation {\&} purification,methods},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1489--1496},
pmid = {32543298},
title = {{Development of an automatic integrated gene detection system for novel severe acute  respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV2).}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Kumar2020a,
author = {Kumar, Amarjeet and Kumar, Ajeet and Kumar, Neeraj and Sinha, Chandni and Kumar, Abhyuday},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109869},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Aerosols,Anesthesiologists,Anesthesiology,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109869},
pmid = {32417619},
title = {{Transportation of intubated COVID-19 patients: Bain circuit with underwater seal  system is an option to prevent aerosol transmission.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chan2020,
abstract = {The ensuing COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented and daunting challenges to the  routine delivery of oncological and supportive care to patients with breast cancer. Considerations include the infective risk of patients who are inherently immunosuppressed from their malignancy and therapies, long-term oncological outcomes from the treatment decisions undertaken during this extraordinary period, and diverted healthcare resources to support a coordinated whole-of-society outbreak response. In this review, we chronicle the repercussions of the COVID-19 outbreak on breast cancer management in Singapore and describe our approach to triaging and prioritising care of breast tumours. We further propose adaptations to established clinical processes and practices across the different specialties involved in breast oncology, with references to the relevant evidence base or expert consensus guidelines. These recommendations have been developed within the unique context of Singapore's public healthcare sector. They can serve as a resource to guide breast cancer management for future contingencies in this city-state, while certain elements therein may be extrapolatable to other medical systems during this global public health emergency.},
author = {Chan, Jack Junjie and Sim, Yirong and Ow, Samuel Guan Wei and Lim, Joline Si Jing and Kusumawidjaja, Grace and Zhuang, Qingyuan and Wong, Ru Xin and Wong, Fuh Yong and Tan, Veronique Kiak Mien and Tan, Tira Jing Ying},
doi = {10.1530/ERC-20-0157},
issn = {1479-6821 (Electronic)},
journal = {Endocrine-related cancer},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {R307--R327},
pmid = {32544879},
title = {{The impact of COVID-19 on and recommendations for breast cancer care: the Singapore  experience.}},
volume = {27},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Zhang2020b,
abstract = {Since Dec 2019, China has experienced an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus,  2019-nCoV. A travel ban was implemented for Wuhan, Hubei on Jan 23 to slow down the outbreak. We found a significant positive correlation between population influx from Wuhan and confirmed cases in other cities across China (R(2) = 0.85, P {\textless} 0.001), especially cities in Hubei (R(2) = 0.88, P {\textless} 0.001). Removing the travel restriction would have increased 118{\%} (91{\%}-172{\%}) of the overall cases for the coming week, and a travel ban taken three days or a week earlier would have reduced 47{\%} (26{\%}-58{\%}) and 83{\%} (78{\%}-89{\%}) of the early cases. We would expect a 61{\%} (48{\%}-92{\%}) increase of overall cumulative cases without any restrictions on returning residents, and 11{\%} (8{\%}-16{\%}) increase if the travel ban stays in place for Hubei. Cities from Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Capital Economic Circle regions are at higher risk.},
author = {Zhang, Chi and Chen, Cai and Shen, Wei and Tang, Feng and Lei, Hao and Xie, Yu and Cao, Zicheng and Tang, Kang and Bai, Junbo and Xiao, Lehan and Xu, Yutian and Song, Yanxin and Chen, Jiwei and Guo, Zhihui and Guo, Yichen and Wang, Xiao and Xu, Modi and Zou, Huachun and Shu, Yuelong and Du, Xiangjun},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1760143},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Travel,epidemiology,isolation {\&} purification,legislation {\&} jurisprudence,statistics {\&} numerical data,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {988--990},
pmid = {32321369},
title = {{Impact of population movement on the spread of 2019-nCoV in China.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Su2020b,
author = {Su, Zheng},
booktitle = {Contemporary clinical trials communications},
doi = {10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100581},
issn = {2451-8654 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100581},
pmid = {32537526},
title = {{The critical role of futility analysis in the pursuit of effective treatments for  COVID-19.}},
volume = {19},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Cai2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious  disease with high transmissibility and morbidity. It has caused substantial mental distress to medical professionals. We aimed to compare the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak between frontline and non-frontline medical workers in China. METHODS: This case-control study recruited 1173 frontline and 1173 age- and sex-matched non-frontline medical workers during the COVID-19 outbreak (February 11 to 26, 2020). A set of online questionnaires were used to measure mental problems (i.e., anxiety, insomnia, and depressive symptoms), and help-seeking behavior and treatment for these mental problems. RESULTS: Frontline medical workers had higher rates of any mental problem (52.6{\%} vs. 34.0{\%}, adjusted OR=1.88, 95{\%} CI=1.57-2.25), anxiety symptoms (15.7{\%} vs. 7.4{\%}, adjusted OR=1.95, 95{\%} CI=1.46-2.61), depressed mood (marginally insignificant; 14.3{\%} vs. 10.1{\%}, adjusted OR=1.32, 95{\%} CI=0.99-1.76) and insomnia (47.8{\%} vs. 29.1{\%}, adjusted OR=1.96, 95{\%} CI=1.63-2.36) than non-frontline medical workers. No significant difference was observed in terms of suicidal ideation (12.0{\%} vs. 9.0{\%}, adjusted OR=1.25, 95{\%} CI=0.92-1.71), help-seeking (4.5{\%} vs. 4.5{\%}, adjusted OR=1.00, 95{\%} CI=0.53-1.87) or treatment (3.4{\%} vs. 2.3{\%}, adjusted OR=1.38, 95{\%} CI=0.54-3.52) for mental problems. LIMITATIONS: The case-control nature of the data precludes causal inferences, and there is a possibility of bias related to self-reports. CONCLUSIONS: Frontline medical workers had more mental problems but comparable help-seeking behaviors and treatment for these problems than non-frontline medical workers. These findings highlight the timely mental support and intervention for medical workers, especially for those on the frontline.},
author = {Cai, Qi and Feng, Hongliang and Huang, Jing and Wang, Meiyao and Wang, Qunfeng and Lu, Xuanzhen and Xie, Yu and Wang, Xing and Liu, Zhenxing and Hou, Botong and Ouyang, Keni and Pan, Jing and Li, Qin and Fu, Beibei and Deng, Yongchao and Liu, Yumin},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.031},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {210--215},
pmid = {32734910},
title = {{The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the  coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: A case-control study.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Pasin2020,
author = {Pasin, Laura and Sella, Nicol{\`{o}} and Correale, Christelle and Boscolo, Annalisa and Rosi, Paolo and Saia, Mario and Mantoan, Domenico and Navalesi, Paolo},
doi = {10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.005},
issn = {1532-8422 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {2341--2345},
pmid = {32425461},
title = {{Regional COVID-19 Network for Coordination of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Veneto, Italy.}},
volume = {34},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Patel2020,
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) known as COVID-19 has  emerged as a major threat to human existence. COVID-19 seems to have undergone adaptive evolution through an intermediate host, most likely bats. The flu leads to severe pneumonia that causes respiratory and multi-organ failure. The absence of any known treatment procedures, drugs, or vaccines has created panic around the World. The need is to develop rapid testing kits, drugs and vaccines. However, these proposals are time-consuming processes. At present social distancing along with previously known traditional medicines can act as quick and short-term alternatives for treating this viral flu.},
author = {Patel, Sanjay K S and Lee, Jung-Kul and Kalia, Vipin C},
doi = {10.1007/s12088-020-00893-4},
issn = {0046-8991 (Print)},
journal = {Indian journal of microbiology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {263--268},
pmid = {32647390},
title = {{Deploying Biomolecules as Anti-COVID-19 Agents.}},
volume = {60},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ladha2020,
abstract = {Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) chilblains is a well-reported cutaneous pattern of  severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Through this narrative review, we provide an evidence-based overview of idiopathic and secondary chilblains, distinguishing features of COVID-19 chilblains, and a systematic clinical approach to history, examination, investigations, and treatment. In the absence of cold or damp exposure, COVID-19 should be considered as a cause of acute chilblains. The timing of onset of COVID-19 chilblains relative to active SARS-CoV-2 viremia remains unclear. Patients with suspected COVID-19 chilblains should thus follow public health guidelines for COVID-19 testing and self-isolation.},
author = {Ladha, Malika A and Luca, Nadia and Constantinescu, Cora and Naert, Karen and Ramien, Michele L},
doi = {10.1177/1203475420937978},
issn = {1615-7109 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1203475420937978},
pmid = {32741218},
title = {{Approach to Chilblains During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Wang2020b,
author = {Wang, Wei and Zhang, Qing and Qu, Fan},
doi = {10.1016/j.imr.2020.100461},
issn = {2213-4220 (Print)},
journal = {Integrative medicine research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {100461},
pmid = {32704474},
title = {{The potential benefits of Chinese integrative medicine for pregnancy women during  the COVID-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Gurung2020,
abstract = {A new SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) belonging to the genus Betacoronavirus has  caused a pandemic known as COVID-19. Among coronaviruses, the main protease (M(pro)) is an essential drug target which, along with papain-like proteases catalyzes the processing of polyproteins translated from viral RNA and recognizes specific cleavage sites. There are no human proteases with similar cleavage specificity and therefore, inhibitors are highly likely to be nontoxic. Therefore, targeting the SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) enzyme with small molecules can block viral replication. The present study is aimed at the identification of promising lead molecules for SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) enzyme through virtual screening of antiviral compounds from plants. The binding affinity of selected small drug-like molecules to SARS-CoV-2 M(pro), SARS-CoV M(pro) and MERS-CoV M(pro) were studied using molecular docking. Bonducellpin D was identified as the best lead molecule which shows higher binding affinity (-9.28 kcal/mol) as compared to the control (-8.24 kcal/mol). The molecular binding was stabilized through four hydrogen bonds with Glu166 and Thr190 as well as hydrophobic interactions via eight residues. The SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) shows identities of 96.08{\%} and 50.65{\%} to that of SARS-CoV M(pro) and MERS-CoV M(pro) respectively at the sequence level. At the structural level, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) and SARS-CoV M(pro) was found to be 0.517 {\AA} and 0.817 {\AA} between SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) and MERS-CoV M(pro). Bonducellpin D exhibited broad-spectrum inhibition potential against SARS-CoV M(pro) and MERS-CoV M(pro) and therefore is a promising drug candidate, which needs further validations through in vitro and in vivo studies.},
author = {Gurung, Arun Bahadur and Ali, Mohammad Ajmal and Lee, Joongku and Farah, Mohammad Abul and Al-Anazi, Khalid Mashay},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117831},
issn = {1879-0631 (Electronic)},
journal = {Life sciences},
keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence,Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Binding Sites,Computer Simulation,Coronavirus Infections,Cysteine Endopeptidases,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical,Humans,Molecular Docking Simulation,Pandemics,Plant Extracts,Pneumonia, Viral,Protease Inhibitors,Protein Binding,Small Molecule Libraries,Viral Nonstructural Proteins,Virus Replication,antagonists {\&} inhibitors,chemistry,drug effects,drug therapy,enzymology,epidemiology,metabolism,methods,pharmacology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {117831},
pmid = {32450166},
title = {{Unravelling lead antiviral phytochemicals for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 M(pro)  enzyme through in silico approach.}},
volume = {255},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Abdullah2020a,
author = {Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq and Chong, Pui Lin and Asli, Rosmonaliza and Momin, Riamiza Natalie and Mani, Babu Ivan and Metussin, Dhiya and Chong, Vui Heng},
booktitle = {Infectious diseases (London, England)},
doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1780309},
issn = {2374-4243 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Aftercare,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Negative Results,Pandemics,Patient Discharge,Pneumonia, Viral,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {743--745},
pmid = {32579420},
title = {{Post discharge positive re-tests in COVID-19: common but clinically non-significant.}},
volume = {52},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Herman2020,
abstract = {• Pre-hospital COVID-19 screening should be implemented for all pregnant patients. •  Limit the number of staff in a delivery room or operating room when feasible. • Encourage the use of video messaging with other members of the patient's support system. • An experienced provider should perform neuraxial procedures and intubations, whenever possible.},
author = {Herman, Jared A and Urits, Ivan and Kaye, Alan D and Urman, Richard D and Viswanath, Omar},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109860},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109860},
pmid = {32417620},
title = {{COVID-19: Obstetric anesthesia care considerations.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kastritis2020,
abstract = {As of June 10th 2020 about 7.2 million individuals have tested positive for, and  more than 410,000 have died due to COVID-19. In this review we outline the pathophysiology that underpins the potential use of anti-rheumatic therapies for severe COVID-19 infection and summarize the current evidence regarding the risk and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Thus far there is no convincing evidence that any disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (conventional synthetic, biologic or targeted synthetic) including hydroxychloroquine, may protect against severe COVID-19 infection; answers about their possible usefulness in the management of the cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-9 infection will only arise from ongoing randomized controlled trials. Evidence on COVID-19 risk and outcome in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases is extremely limited; thus, any conclusions would be unsafe and should be seen with great caution. At present, the risk and severity (hospitalization, intensive care unit admission and death) of COVID-19 infection in people with autoimmune diseases do not appear particularly dissimilar to the general population, with the possible exception of hospitalization in patients exposed to high glucocorticoid doses. At this stage it is impossible to draw any conclusions for differences in COVID-19 risk and outcome between different autoimmune diseases and between the various immunomodulatory therapies used for them. More research in the field is obviously required, including as a minimum careful and systematic epidemiology and appropriately controlled clinical trials.},
author = {Kastritis, Efstathios and Kitas, George D and Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios and Giannopoulos, Georgios and Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Sfikakis, Petros P},
doi = {10.1007/s00296-020-04629-x},
issn = {1437-160X (Electronic)},
journal = {Rheumatology international},
keywords = {Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized,Antirheumatic Agents,Autoimmune Diseases,Betacoronavirus,Comorbidity,Coronavirus Infections,Cytokine Release Syndrome,Humans,Janus Kinase Inhibitors,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk Factors,Severity of Illness Index,Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors,drug therapy,epidemiology,immunology,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1353--1360},
pmid = {32654078},
title = {{Systemic autoimmune diseases, anti-rheumatic therapies, COVID-19 infection risk and  patient outcomes.}},
volume = {40},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Liu2020d,
abstract = {This study aimed to estimate the attack rates, and identify the risk factors of  COVID-19 infection. Based on a retrospective cohort study, we investigated 11,580 contacts of COVID-19 cases in Guangdong Province from 10 January to 15 March 2020. All contacts were tested by RT-PCR to detect their infection of SARS-COV-2. Attack rates by characteristics were calculated. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors of infection for COVID-19. A total of 515 of 11,580 contacts were identified to be infected with SARS-COV-2. Compared to young adults aged 20-29 years, the infected risk was higher in children (RR: 2.59, 95{\%}CI: 1.79-3.76), and old people aged 60-69 years (RR: 5.29, 95{\%}CI: 3.76-7.46). Females also had higher infected risk (RR: 1.66, 95{\%}CI: 1.39-2.00). People having close relationship with index cases encountered higher infected risk (RR for spouse: 20.68, 95{\%}CI: 14.28-29.95; RR for non-spouse family members: 9.55, 95{\%}CI: 6.73-13.55; RR for close relatives: 5.90, 95{\%}CI: 4.06-8.59). Moreover, contacts exposed to index case in symptomatic period (RR: 2.15, 95{\%}CI: 1.67-2.79), with critically severe symptoms (RR: 1.61, 95{\%}CI: 1.00-2.57), with symptoms of dizzy (RR: 1.58, 95{\%}CI: 1.08-2.30), myalgia (RR: 1.49, 95{\%}CI: 1.15-1.94), and chill (RR: 1.42, 95{\%}CI: 1.05-1.92) had higher infected risks. Children, old people, females, and family members are susceptible of COVID-19 infection, while index cases in the incubation period had lower contagiousness. Our findings will be helpful for developing targeted prevention and control strategies to combat the worldwide pandemic.},
author = {Liu, Tao and Liang, Wenjia and Zhong, Haojie and He, Jianfeng and Chen, Zihui and He, Guanhao and Song, Tie and Chen, Shaowei and Wang, Ping and Li, Jialing and Lan, Yunhua and Cheng, Mingji and Huang, Jinxu and Niu, Jiwei and Xia, Liang and Xiao, Jianpeng and Hu, Jianxiong and Lin, Lifeng and Huang, Qiong and Rong, Zuhua and Deng, Aiping and Zeng, Weilin and Li, Jiansen and Li, Xing and Tan, Xiaohua and Kang, Min and Guo, Lingchuan and Zhu, Zhihua and Gong, Dexin and Chen, Guimin and Dong, Moran and Ma, Wenjun},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1787799},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Age Factors,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Child,Child, Preschool,China,Cohort Studies,Contact Tracing,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Susceptibility,Female,Humans,Infant,Infant, Newborn,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Quarantine,Retrospective Studies,Risk Factors,Young Adult,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1546--1553},
pmid = {32608325},
title = {{Risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection: a retrospective cohort study based  on contacts tracing.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Ing2020,
author = {Ing, Richard J and Barrett, Cindy and Chatterjee, Debnath and Twite, Mark and Whitney, Gina M},
booktitle = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
doi = {10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.032},
issn = {1532-8422 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {2307--2311},
pmid = {32451272},
title = {{Perioperative Preparations for COVID-19: The Pediatric Cardiac Team Perspective.}},
volume = {34},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Irham2020,
abstract = {The World Health Organization recently announced that pandemic status has been  achieved for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Exponential increases in patient numbers have been reported around the world, along with proportional increases in the number of COVID-19-related deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in a population is expected to be influenced by social practices, availability of vaccines or prophylactics, and the prevalence of susceptibility genes in the population. Previous work revealed that cellular uptake of SARS-CoV-2 requires Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and a cellular protease. The spike (S) protein on SARS-CoV-2 binds ACE-2, which functions as an entry receptor. Following receptor binding, transmembrane protease serine 2 (encoded by TMPRSS2) primes the S protein to allow cellular uptake. Therefore, individual expression of TMPRSS2 may be a crucial determinant of SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility. Here, we utilized multiple large genome databases, including the GTEx portal, SNP nexus, and Ensembl genome project, to identify gene expression profiles for TMPRSS2 and its important expression quantitative trait loci. Our results show that four variants (rs464397, rs469390, rs2070788 and rs383510) affect expression of TMPRSS2 in lung tissue. The allele frequency of each variant was then assessed in regional populations, including African, American, European, and three Asian cohorts (China, Japan and Taiwan). Interestingly, our data shows that TMPRSS2-upregulating variants are at higher frequencies in European and American populations than in the Asian populations, which implies that these populations might be relatively susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
author = {Irham, Lalu Muhammad and Chou, Wan-Hsuan and Calkins, Marcus J and Adikusuma, Wirawan and Hsieh, Shie-Liang and Chang, Wei-Chiao},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.179},
issn = {1090-2104 (Electronic)},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
keywords = {Asia,Betacoronavirus,Cohort Studies,Europe,Gene Expression Regulation,Gene Frequency,Genetics, Population,Geographic Mapping,Humans,Internationality,Lung,Organ Specificity,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide,Quantitative Trait Loci,Receptors, Virus,Serine Endopeptidases,United States,Up-Regulation,ethnology,genetics,metabolism},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {2},
pages = {263--269},
pmid = {32703421},
title = {{Genetic variants that influence SARS-CoV-2 receptor TMPRSS2 expression among  population cohorts from multiple continents.}},
volume = {529},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chen2020,
abstract = {The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread over many countries and regions  since the end of 2019, becoming the most severe public health event at present. Most of the critical cases developed multiple organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) may complicate the process of severe COVID-19 patients. This manuscript reviews the different aspects of blood purification in critically ill patients with AKI and increased inflammatory factors, and examines its potential role in severe COVID-19 treatment. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been practiced in many sepsis patients with AKI. Still, the timing and dosing need further robust evidence. In addition to the traditional CRRT, the high-throughput membrane with adsorption function and cytokine adsorption column are two representatives of recently emerging novel membrane technologies. Their potential in removing inflammatory factors and other toxins prospects for the treatment of severe COVID-19.},
author = {Chen, Gang and Zhou, Yangzhong and Ma, Jie and Xia, Peng and Qin, Yan and Li, Xuemei},
doi = {10.1080/0886022X.2020.1764369},
issn = {1525-6049 (Electronic)},
journal = {Renal failure},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Calcinosis,Coronavirus Infections,Critical Illness,Cytokines,Heart Valve Diseases,Humans,Hypotrichosis,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Renal Replacement Therapy,Skin Diseases, Genetic,complications,etiology,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {483--488},
pmid = {32438839},
title = {{Is there a role for blood purification therapies targeting cytokine storm syndrome  in critically severe COVID-19 patients?}},
volume = {42},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kulkarni2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There are few reports of COVID-19 in neonates and most are suspected to  be due to postnatal transmission. Vertical transmission has been proven in only a couple of cases so far. METHODS: We describe early-onset, severe COVID-19 disease in a neonate with very strong evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: A COVID-19 suspected mother, who tested negative by RT-PCR for COVID, but tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by serology, delivered a term baby. The neonate was kept in strict isolation. Molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 on umbilical stump, placenta, and nasopharyngeal aspirate of the neonate, collected at birth were positive. On day 2, the neonate developed clinical features of COVID in the form of fever, poor feeding, and hyperbilirubenemia along with elevated inflammatory markers. Antibiotics were started empirically pending cultures. Blood, CSF, and urine cultures were sterile. Baby tested RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 on two more occasions before testing positive for antibodies and was discharged on day 21 of life. CONCLUSION: This report highlights a very strong possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 from a mildly symptomatic, RT-PCR negative but antibody-positive mother with significant symptomatic, early-onset neonatal infection.},
author = {Kulkarni, Rajesh and Rajput, Uday and Dawre, Rahul and Valvi, Chhaya and Nagpal, Rema and Magdum, Nikita and Vankar, Harshali and Sonkawade, Naresh and Das, Aiswarya and Vartak, Sagar and Joshi, Suvarna and Varma, Santosh and Karyakarte, Rajesh and Bhosale, Ramesh and Kinikar, Aarti},
doi = {10.1007/s15010-020-01493-6},
issn = {1439-0973 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32743723},
title = {{Early-onset symptomatic neonatal COVID-19 infection with high probability of  vertical transmission.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Wen2020,
abstract = {The ongoing worldwide SARS-CoV-2 epidemic clearly has a tremendous influence on  public health. Molecular detection based on oral swabs was used for confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, high false negative rates were reported. We describe here the development of a point-of-care (POC) serological assay for the detection of IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2. The principle of a lateral flow immunoassay strip (LFIAs) consists of fixing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein to the surface of the strip and coupling anti-human IgG with colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). A series of parameters of this method were optimized, including the concentration of coating antigen, BSA blocking concentration and pH value for conjugation. The entire detection process took 15-20 min with a volume of 80 $\mu$L of the analyte solution containing 10 $\mu$L of serum and 70 $\mu$L sample diluent. The performance of the established assay was evaluated using serum samples of the clinically diagnosed cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our results indicated that the LFIAs for SARS-CoV-2 had satisfactory stability and reproducibility. As a result, our fast and easy LFIAs could provide a preliminary test result for physicians to make the correct diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections along with alternative testing methods and clinical findings, as well as seroprevalence determination, especially in low-resource countries.},
author = {Wen, Tian and Huang, Chao and Shi, Feng-Juan and Zeng, Xiao-Yan and Lu, Tian and Ding, Shou-Nian and Jiao, Yong-Jun},
doi = {10.1039/d0an00629g},
issn = {1364-5528 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Analyst},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {15},
pages = {5345--5352},
pmid = {32568341},
title = {{Development of a lateral flow immunoassay strip for rapid detection of IgG antibody  against SARS-CoV-2 virus.}},
volume = {145},
year = {2020}
}
@article{North2020,
abstract = {This article aims to give a brief outline of the pathogenesis and transmission of  SARS-CoV-2 and how to safely navigate an arthroplasty practice during and after the pandemic.},
author = {North, Trevor and Bullock, Matthew W and Danoff, Jonathan R and Saxena, Arjun and Fischer, Stuart J and Stronach, Ben M and Levine, Brett R},
doi = {10.1016/j.artd.2020.05.011},
issn = {2352-3441 (Print)},
journal = {Arthroplasty today},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {427--430},
pmid = {32572379},
title = {{Arthroplasty during the COVID-19 Pandemic.}},
volume = {6},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Wang2020,
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of serological total  antibody tests combined with RT-PCR for detection of SARS-COV-2. We conducted a retrospective study in which 375 patients were enrolled during the outbreak of SARS-COV-2 from 25th January to 16th March 2020. Patients were divided into a COVID-19 group (n = 141) and a control group (n = 234). Serum samples and throat swabs were collected from 375 patients for total antibody testing against SARS-COV-2 and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. The results indicated that diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 95.7 {\%} and 98.7 {\%}, 92.2 {\%} and 100 {\%} by total antibody tests and RT-PCR, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of total antibody tests combined with RT-PCR were 98.6 {\%} and 98.7 {\%}. The sensitivity of the combined method was significantly higher than RT-PCR (X(2) = 5.16, P {\textless} 0.05), and similar to that of total antibody tests (X(2) = 1.15, P{\textgreater} 0.05). This study supported the advantage of the combined method for detection of SARS-COV-2 with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, as a useful tool for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of suspected patients, epidemiological investigation, as well as monitoring ongoing outbreaks of infections with SARS-COV-2.},
author = {Wang, Pei},
doi = {10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113919},
issn = {1879-0984 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of virological methods},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Antibodies, Viral,Betacoronavirus,Case-Control Studies,China,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Immunoassay,Luminescent Measurements,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Retrospective Studies,Sensitivity and Specificity,Serologic Tests,Young Adult,blood,diagnosis,immunology,methods},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {113919},
pmid = {32554043},
title = {{Combination of serological total antibody and RT-PCR test for detection of  SARS-COV-2 infections.}},
volume = {283},
year = {2020}
}
@article{VanRheenen2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Physical-distancing strategies during the coronavirus (COVID-19)  pandemic may be particularly detrimental to the mental health of individuals with a pre-existing mood disorder. Data on the mental health status of these individuals during the current pandemic is sparse, and their current mental health needs unclear. METHOD: We characterised COVID-19 related lifestyle changes, primary concerns and psychological distress in n=1292 respondents self-reporting a mood disorder (either bipolar disorder or depressive disorder) and n=3167 respondents without any reported mental disorder from the COLLATE (COvid-19 and you: mentaL heaLth in AusTralia now survEy) project; an Australian national survey launched on April 1(st) 2020. RESULTS: Psychological distress was heightened in the mood disorder group compared to the group with no mental disorder, with stress and depression further elevated in respondents with bipolar disorder compared to those with depressive disorder; and men with bipolar disorder having even higher levels of depression than women with bipolar disorder. Respondents with bipolar disorder were particularly concerned about financial issues associated with COVID-19 compared to those with depressive disorder and those with no mental disorder. Adverse changes to lifestyle behaviours were more prevalent in respondents with a mood disorder and linked to higher levels of distress. LIMITATIONS: Mood disorder was self-reported and was not clinically verified. CONCLUSIONS: Current psychological distress levels are elevated in individuals with mood disorder and are associated with maladaptive situational and lifestyle changes occurring in response to COVID-19.},
author = {Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E and Meyer, Denny and Neill, Erica and Phillipou, Andrea and Tan, Eric J and Toh, Wei Lin and Rossell, Susan L},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.037},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {69--77},
pmid = {32658826},
title = {{Mental health status of individuals with a mood-disorder during the COVID-19  pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Schrezenmeier2020,
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The current review highlights recent insights into direct  antiviral effects by antimalarials against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and other viruses and their potential indirect effects on the host by avoiding exaggerated immune responses (reduced cytokine release, Toll-like receptor response, antigen presentation related to lysosomal processing). RECENT FINDINGS: Currently, there is a large debate on the use of antimalarials for prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease based on preclinical in-vitro data, small case series and extrapolation from earlier studies of their effect on intracellular pathogens, including many viruses. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or chloroquine have not demonstrated robust efficacy in prior randomized controlled studies against several other viruses. In-vitro data indicate a reduced viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. Especially immunomodulatory effects of antimalarials might also contribute to a clinical efficacy. For SARS-CoV-2 various large studies will provide answers as to whether antimalarials have a place in prophylaxis or treatment of the acute virus infection with SARS-CoV-2 but compelling data are missing so far. SUMMARY: In-vitro data provide a theoretical framework for an efficacy of antimalarials in SARS-CoV-2-induced disease but clinical proof is currently missing.},
author = {Schrezenmeier, Eva V and Burmester, Gerd R and Eckardt, Kai-Uwe and D{\"{o}}rner, Thomas},
doi = {10.1097/BOR.0000000000000731},
issn = {1531-6963 (Electronic)},
journal = {Current opinion in rheumatology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {449--457},
pmid = {32675717},
title = {{Role for antimalarials in the management of COVID-19.}},
volume = {32},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sotoca2020,
author = {Sotoca, Javier and Rodr{\'{i}}guez-{\'{A}}lvarez, Yensa},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000803},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {Acute Disease,Aged,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Myelitis, Transverse,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,complications,diagnostic imaging,etiology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32522767},
title = {{COVID-19-associated acute necrotizing myelitis.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Koenig2020,
abstract = {An exacerbated and unbalanced immune response may account for the severity of  COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2. In this Viewpoint, we summarize recent evidence for the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and propose CXCR2 inhibition as a promising treatment option to block neutrophil recruitment and activation.},
author = {Koenig, Lars M and Boehmer, Daniel F R and Metzger, Philipp and Schnurr, Max and Endres, Stefan and Rothenfusser, Simon},
doi = {10.1084/jem.20201342},
issn = {1540-9538 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Journal of experimental medicine},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Inflammation,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pmid = {32678432},
title = {{Blocking inflammation on the way: Rationale for CXCR2 antagonists for the treatment  of COVID-19.}},
volume = {217},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Su2020,
abstract = {This study aims to analyze the different clinical characteristics between children  and their families infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical data from nine children and their 14 families were collected, including general status, clinical, laboratory test, and imaging characteristics. All the children were detected positive result after their families onset. Three children had fever (22.2{\%}) or cough (11.2{\%}) symptoms and six (66.7{\%}) children had no symptom. Among the 14 adult patients, the major symptoms included fever (57.1{\%}), cough (35.7{\%}), chest tightness/pain (21.4{\%}), fatigue (21.4{\%}) and sore throat (7.1{\%}). Nearly 70{\%} of the patients had normal (71.4{\%}) or decreased (28.6{\%}) white blood cell counts, and 50{\%} (7/14) had lymphocytopenia. There were 10 adults (71.4{\%}) showed abnormal imaging. The main manifestations were pulmonary consolidation (70{\%}), nodular shadow (50{\%}), and ground glass opacity (50{\%}). Five discharged children were admitted again because their stool showed positive result in SARS-CoV-2 PCR. COVID-19 in children is mainly caused by family transmission, and their symptoms are mild and prognosis is better than adult. However, their PCR result in stool showed longer time than their families. Because of the mild or asymptomatic clinical process, it is difficult to recognize early for pediatrician and public health staff.},
author = {Su, Liang and Ma, Xiang and Yu, Huafeng and Zhang, Zhaohua and Bian, Pengfei and Han, Yuling and Sun, Jing and Liu, Yanqin and Yang, Chun and Geng, Jin and Zhang, Zhongfa and Gai, Zhongtao},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1744483},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Adult,Betacoronavirus,Chest Pain,Child,Child, Preschool,China,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Cough,Family Health,Feces,Female,Fever,Humans,Infant,Lung,Male,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Prognosis,Retrospective Studies,diagnosis,diagnostic imaging,physiopathology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {707--713},
pmid = {32208917},
title = {{The different clinical characteristics of corona virus disease cases between  children and their families in China - the character of children with COVID-19.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Liu2020b,
abstract = {Different primers/probes sets have been developed all over the world for the nucleic  acid detection of SARS-CoV-2 by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) as a standard method. In our recent study, we explored the feasibility of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for clinical SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection compared with qRT-PCR using the same primer/probe sets issued by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) targeting viral ORF1ab or N gene, which showed that ddPCR could largely minimize the false negatives reports resulted by qRT-PCR [Suo T, Liu X, Feng J, et al. ddPCR: a more sensitive and accurate tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens. medRxiv [Internet]. 2020;2020.02.29.20029439. Available from: https://medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/03/06/2020.02.29.20029439.abstract]. Here, we further stringently compared the performance of qRT-PCR and ddPCR for 8 primer/probe sets with the same clinical samples and conditions. Results showed that none of 8 primer/probe sets used in qRT-PCR could significantly distinguish true negatives and positives with low viral load (10(-4) dilution). Moreover, false positive reports of qRT-PCR with UCDC-N1, N2 and CCDC-N primers/probes sets were observed. In contrast, ddPCR showed significantly better performance in general for low viral load samples compared to qRT-PCR. Remarkably, the background readouts of ddPCR are relatively lower, which could efficiently reduce the production of false positive reports.},
author = {Liu, Xinjin and Feng, Jiangpeng and Zhang, Qiuhan and Guo, Dong and Zhang, Lu and Suo, Tao and Hu, Wenjia and Guo, Ming and Wang, Xin and Huang, Zhixiang and Xiong, Yong and Chen, Guozhong and Chen, Yu and Lan, Ke},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1772679},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,DNA Primers,DNA Probes,Humans,Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Sensitivity and Specificity,Viral Load,diagnosis,genetics,methods,standards,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1175--1179},
pmid = {32448084},
title = {{Analytical comparisons of SARS-COV-2 detection by qRT-PCR and ddPCR with multiple  primer/probe sets.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lal2020,
abstract = {The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic  caused by a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 has caused tremendous suffering and huge economic losses. We hypothesized that extreme measures of partial-to-total shutdown might have influenced the quality of the global environment because of decreased emissions of atmospheric pollutants. We tested this hypothesis using satellite imagery, climatic datasets (temperature, and absolute humidity), and COVID-19 cases available in the public domain. While the majority of the cases were recorded from Western countries, where mortality rates were strongly positively correlated with age, the number of cases in tropical regions was relatively lower than European and North American regions, possibly attributed to faster human-to-human transmission. There was a substantial reduction in the level of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2): 0.00002 mol m(-2)), a low reduction in CO ({\textless}0.03 mol m(-2)), and a low-to-moderate reduction in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD: {\~{}}0.1-0.2) in the major hotspots of COVID-19 outbreak during February-March 2020, which may be attributed to the mass lockdowns. Our study projects an increasing coverage of high COVID-19 hazard at absolute humidity levels ranging from 4 to 9 g m(-3) across a large part of the globe during April-July 2020 due to a high prospective meteorological suitability for COVID-19 spread. Our findings suggest that there is ample scope for restoring the global environment from the ill-effects of anthropogenic activities through temporary shutdown measures.},
author = {Lal, Preet and Kumar, Amit and Kumar, Shubham and Kumari, Sheetal and Saikia, Purabi and Dayanandan, Arun and Adhikari, Dibyendu and Khan, M L},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139297},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prospective Studies,Silver},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139297},
pmid = {32408041},
title = {{The dark cloud with a silver lining: Assessing the impact of the SARS COVID-19  pandemic on the global environment.}},
volume = {732},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lobascio2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 outbreak has drastically changed practices inside hospitals, which  include oncology routines. In oncology, malnutrition was and certainly still is a frequent problem associated with an increase in treatment-related toxicity, a reduced response to cancer treatment, an impaired quality of life, and a worse overall prognosis. Even in this situation of healthcare crisis, nutritional support in cancer care is an essential element. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is a concrete high risk to see a dramatic worsening of cancer patients' nutritional status, who are left without adequate clinical and nutritional support. The consequences are already reasonably foreseeable and will have a severe negative impact after the emergency. Therefore, we believe that it is essential to try to continue, as far as possible, the activity of clinical nutrition in oncology, by revolutionizing the setting and the approach to patients. For this purpose, the Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit and the Medical Oncology Unit of our hospital, one of the largest community hospital in Lombardy that has been involved in the COVID-19 outbreak management since its inception, have reorganized the clinical routine activity in strict collaboration since the very beginning of the emergency, to better face up to the challenge, while preserving cancer patients' needs.},
author = {Lobascio, Federica and Caccialanza, Riccardo and Monaco, Teresa and Cereda, Emanuele and Secondino, Simona and Masi, Sara and Crotti, Silvia and Rizzo, Gianpiero and Cappello, Silvia and Borioli, Valeria and Inglardi, Marco and Grugnetti, Giuseppina and Muzzi, Alba and Triarico, Antonio and Pedrazzoli, Paolo and Brugnatelli, Silvia},
doi = {10.1007/s00520-020-05557-z},
issn = {1433-7339 (Electronic)},
journal = {Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of  Supportive Care in Cancer},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {3987--3989},
pmid = {32495030},
title = {{Providing nutritional care to cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: an  Italian perspective.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Bienvenu2020,
abstract = {In the absence of a vaccine the medical and scientific community is looking  intensely at utilizing a pre or post exposure drug that could decrease viremia. The search for a medication that could reduce risk of serious disease, and ideally of any manifestation of disease from SARS-CoV2, and of asymptomatic shedding of SARS-CoV2 is of urgent interest. Repurposing existing pharmaceuticals is among the approaches to achieve these ends. We performed a systematic review of all interventional studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with a focus on one repurposed drug, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The detailed analysis of these studies, some of them already recruiting, provide an overall picture of HCQ use as a COVID-19 prophylaxis around the world. Among the included studies, all but three were randomized and parallel and most of them (74{\%}, 23/31) were double-blinded to quadruple-blinded studies. We found a great diversity in dosing and nearly all the possible scientifically reasonable regimens are under evaluation. This diversity offers benefits as well as challenges. Importantly, the final analysis of these trials should be done through an extensive reading of the results in regard to the clinical design, it will be crucial to carefully read and evaluate the results of each study in regards to the clinical design rather than quickly glancing a 140 characters-based social media message announcing the failure or success of a drug against a disease.},
author = {Bienvenu, Anne-Lise and Marty, Aileen M and Jones, Malcolm K and Picot, Stephane},
booktitle = {One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
doi = {10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100141},
issn = {2352-7714 (Print)},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
pages = {100141},
pmid = {32562480},
title = {{Systematic review of registered trials of Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for  COVID-19 health-care workers at the first third of 2020.}},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Vordos2020,
abstract = {During the recent Covid-19 pandemic, additive Technology and Social Media were used  to tackle the shortage of Personal Protective Equipment. A literature review and a social media listening software were employed to explore the number of the users referring to specific keywords related to 3D printing and PPE. Additionally, the QALY model was recruited to highlight the importance of the PPE usage. More than 7 billion users used the keyword covid or similar in the web while mainly Twitter and Facebook were used as a world platform for PPE designs distribution through individuals and more than 100 different 3D printable PPE designs were developed.},
author = {Vordos, Nick and Gkika, Despina A and Maliaris, George and Tilkeridis, Konstantinos E and Antoniou, Anastasia and Bandekas, Dimitrios V and {Ch Mitropoulos}, Athanasios},
doi = {10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104870},
issn = {0925-7535 (Print)},
journal = {Safety science},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {104870},
pmid = {32536750},
title = {{How 3D printing and social media tackles the PPE shortage during Covid - 19  pandemic.}},
volume = {130},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chia2020b,
author = {Chia, Chloe and Siah, Qi Zhuang and Stephens, Michael},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1787309},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1787309},
pmid = {32597350},
title = {{Potential long-term impacts of surgical placement cancellations.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Prasitsirikul2020,
abstract = {We report a 35-year-old female nurse who possibly received the SARS-CoV-2 virus  during the blood sampling of a 35-year-old male patient initially suspected as a dengue infection. The patient had mild thrombocytopenia and positive dengue IgG and IgM whereas the clinicians were not aware of the possibility of false-positive dengue serology revealed in the published case report from Singapore. The nurse put on a pair of gloves but did not wear a mask during the only encounter with this patient. This nosocomial transmission raised a safety concern among healthcare professionals in an area with a relatively low Covid-19 prevalence, especially when the clinical and laboratory characteristics could be confused with other viral infections.},
author = {Prasitsirikul, Wisit and Pongpirul, Krit and Pongpirul, Wannarat A and Panitantum, Nayot and Ratnarathon, Anuttra C and Hemachudha, Thiravat},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1775131},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Adult,Betacoronavirus,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Dengue,Dengue Virus,Diagnostic Errors,Female,Humans,Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Profes,Male,Nurse Practitioners,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Thailand,diagnosis,methods,pathogenicity,physiology,transmission,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1354--1355},
pmid = {32458742},
title = {{Nurse infected with Covid-19 from a provisional dengue patient.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ip2020,
abstract = {This paper brings a constitutional economics perspective to bear on the World Health  Organization (WHO), the flagship United Nations intergovernmental health organisation, which is obligated by its Constitution to achieve 'the highest possible level of health' for the world's peoples. The WHO has in the seven decades of its existence used its formidable legislative powers only sparingly. It has been widely chided for being weak in regional coordination and unresponsive to transnational emergencies like the West African Ebola outbreak of 2014-2016. In 2020, it found itself at the centre of the COVID-19 pandemic and in the middle of the Sino-American geopolitical tug-of-war. This paper traces the discordance between the Constitution's stated purposes and the actual track record of the WHO not back to its organisational culture nor to weak leadership but to the design of the Constitution itself. It analytically distinguishes the Constitution's expressive from its instrumental halves, and shows that, whilst the former embodies a 'constitutional moment' of international health solidarity right after the Second World War, the latter embodies a reserved and limited delegation from member-states that are jealous of their sovereignty.},
author = {Ip, Eric C},
doi = {10.1017/S1744133120000249},
issn = {1744-134X (Electronic)},
journal = {Health economics, policy, and law},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--15},
pmid = {32744214},
title = {{The constitutional economics of the World Health Organization.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Cadoni2020,
abstract = {One of the main challenges of the measures against the COVID-19 epidemic is to  reduce the amplitude of the epidemic peak without increasing without control its timescale. We investigate this problem using the SIR model for the epidemic dynamics, for which reduction of the epidemic peak I(P) can be achieved only at the price of increasing the time t(P) of its occurrence and its entire time-span t(E) . By means of a time reparametrization we linearize the equations for the SIR dynamics. This allows us to solve exactly the dynamics in the time domain and to derive the scaling behaviour of the size, the timescale and the speed of the epidemics, by reducing the infection rate $\alpha$ and by increasing the removal rate $\beta$ by a factor of $\lambda$. We show that for a given value of the size (I(P) , the total, I(E) and average I{\^{}}P number of infected), its occurrence time t(P) and entire time-span t(E) can be reduced by a factor 1/$\lambda$ if the reduction of I is achieved by increasing the removal rate instead of reducing the infection rate. Thus, epidemic containment measures based on tracing, early detection followed by prompt isolation of infected individuals are more efficient than those based on social distancing. We apply our results to the COVID-19 epidemic in Northern Italy. We show that the peak time t(P) and the entire time span t(E) could have been reduced by a factor 0.9 ≤ 1/$\lambda$ ≤ 0.34 with containment measures focused on increasing $\beta$ instead of reducing $\alpha$.},
author = {Cadoni, Mariano},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109940},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109940},
pmid = {32518474},
title = {{How to reduce epidemic peaks keeping under control the time-span of the epidemic.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Schmidt2020,
abstract = {The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and the ensuing explosive epidemic of COVID-19 disease  has generated a need for assays to rapidly and conveniently measure the antiviral activity of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Here, we describe a collection of approaches based on SARS-CoV-2 spike-pseudotyped, single-cycle, replication-defective human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), as well as a replication-competent VSV/SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus. While each surrogate virus exhibited subtle differences in the sensitivity with which neutralizing activity was detected, the neutralizing activity of both convalescent plasma and human monoclonal antibodies measured using each virus correlated quantitatively with neutralizing activity measured using an authentic SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay. The assays described herein are adaptable to high throughput and are useful tools in the evaluation of serologic immunity conferred by vaccination or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the potency of convalescent plasma or human monoclonal antibodies.},
author = {Schmidt, Fabian and Weisblum, Yiska and Muecksch, Frauke and Hoffmann, Hans-Heinrich and Michailidis, Eleftherios and Lorenzi, Julio C C and Mendoza, Pilar and Rutkowska, Magdalena and Bednarski, Eva and Gaebler, Christian and Agudelo, Marianna and Cho, Alice and Wang, Zijun and Gazumyan, Anna and Cipolla, Melissa and Caskey, Marina and Robbiani, Davide F and Nussenzweig, Michel C and Rice, Charles M and Hatziioannou, Theodora and Bieniasz, Paul D},
doi = {10.1084/jem.20201181},
issn = {1540-9538 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Journal of experimental medicine},
keywords = {Animals,Antibodies, Monoclonal,Antibodies, Neutralizing,Antibodies, Viral,Betacoronavirus,Cell Line,Chimera,Chlorocebus aethiops,Coronavirus Infections,HEK293 Cells,HIV-1,Humans,Immunoassay,Neutralization Tests,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Recombination, Genetic,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus,Vero Cells,Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus,analysis,blood,genetics,immunology,methods,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {11},
pmid = {32692348},
title = {{Measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity using pseudotyped and chimeric  viruses.}},
volume = {217},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Gallagher2020,
author = {Gallagher, Rollin M},
doi = {10.1093/pm/pnaa160},
issn = {1526-4637 (Electronic)},
journal = {Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Leadership,Pain Management,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Public Health},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {7},
pages = {1324--1327},
pmid = {32353150},
title = {{Our Health Is the Public's Health: Pain Management Leadership in the COVID-19  Pandemic.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Noroozi2020,
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global  pandemic in early 2020. The infection has been associated with a wide range of clinical symptoms. In the severely affected patients, it has caused dysregulation of immune responses including over-secretion of inflammatory cytokines and imbalances in the proportion of na{\"{i}}ve helper T cells, memory helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Identification of the underlying mechanism of such aberrant function of immune system would help in the prediction of disease course and selection of susceptible patients for more intensive cares. In the current review, we summarize the results of studies which reported alterations in cytokine levels and immune cell functions in patients affected with SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses.},
author = {Noroozi, Rezvan and Branicki, Wojciech and Pyrc, Krzysztof and {\L}abaj, Pawe{\l} P and Pospiech, Ewelina and Taheri, Mohammad and Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh},
doi = {10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155143},
issn = {1096-0023 (Electronic)},
journal = {Cytokine},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {155143},
pmid = {32460144},
title = {{Altered cytokine levels and immune responses in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection  and related conditions.}},
volume = {133},
year = {2020}
}
@article{DiazdeLeon-Martinez2020,
abstract = {The objective of this study was to conduct a critical analysis of the social,  environmental and health risk factors in the Mexican indigenous population in the context of the COVID-19 disease pandemic, and to propose strategies to mitigate the impacts on these communities. Regarding social factors, we identified the return of indigenous people to their communities, poor access to water, language barriers, and limited access to the Internet, as factors that will not allow them to take the minimum preventive measures against the disease. Additionally, environmental risk factors associated with pollutants from biomass burning were identified. In health, the lack of coverage in these areas and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, respiratory tract infections, and chronic pulmonary diseases were identified. Some existing government programmes were identified that could be supported to address these social, environmental and health gaps. We believe that the best way to address these issues is to strengthen the health system with a community-based approach. Health is the best element of cohesion for inserting development and progress proposals in indigenous communities, given the vulnerability to which they are exposed in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, all information is provided (as possible) on risk factors and potential solutions in indigenous communities in the hope of providing solutions to this pandemic and providing a reference for future studies.},
author = {Lorena and de la Sierra-de la Vega, Luz and Palacios-RamAndr and Rodriguez-Aguilar, Maribel and, Rogelio},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139357},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Comorbidity,Coronavirus Infections,Health Status Disparities,Humans,Indigenous Peoples,Mexico,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk Factors,Vulnerable Populations,ethnology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139357},
pmid = {32416536},
title = {{Critical review of social, environmental and health risk factors in the Mexican  indigenous population and their capacity to respond to the COVID-19.}},
volume = {733},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Saba2020,
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a new Coronavirus, with first reported human infections in  late 2019. COVID-19 has been officially declared as a universal pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The epidemiological characteristics of COVID-2019 have not been completely understood yet. More than 200,000 persons were killed during this epidemic (till 1 May 2020). Therefore, developing forecasting models to predict the spread of that epidemic is a critical issue. In this study, statistical and artificial intelligence based approaches have been proposed to model and forecast the prevalence of this epidemic in Egypt. These approaches are autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and nonlinear autoregressive artificial neural networks (NARANN). The official data reported by The Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population of COVID-19 cases in the period between 1 March and 10 May 2020 was used to train the models. The forecasted cases showed a good agreement with officially reported cases. The obtained results of this study may help the Egyptian decision-makers to put short-term future plans to face this epidemic.},
author = {Saba, Amal I and Elsheikh, Ammar H},
doi = {10.1016/j.psep.2020.05.029},
issn = {0957-5820 (Print)},
journal = {Process safety and environmental protection : transactions of the Institution of  Chemical Engineers, Part B},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {1--8},
pmid = {32501368},
title = {{Forecasting the prevalence of COVID-19 outbreak in Egypt using nonlinear  autoregressive artificial neural networks.}},
volume = {141},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Murphy2020,
abstract = {Coronavirus pneumonia is accompanied by rapid virus replication, where a large  number of inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine storm may lead to acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. The uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1$\beta$ and IL-6, is associated with ARDS. This constituted the first study to report on the variability in physicochemical properties of $\beta$-glucans extracts from the same edible mushroom Lentinus edodes on the reduction of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Specifically, the impact on the immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties of our novel in 'house' (IH-Lentinan, IHL) and a commercial (Carbosynth-Lentinan, CL) Lentinan extract were investigated using in vitro models of lung injury and macrophage phagocytosis. CL comprised higher amounts of $\alpha$-glucans and correspondingly less $\beta$-glucans. The two lentinan extracts demonstrated varying immunomodulatory activities. Both Lentinan extracts reduced cytokine-induced NF-$\kappa$B activation in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, with the IHL extract proving more effective at lower doses. In contrast, in activated THP-1 derived macrophages, the CL extract more effectively attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-8, IL-2, IL-6, IL-22) as well as TGF-$\beta$ and IL-10. The CL extract attenuated oxidative stress-induced early apoptosis, while the IHL extract attenuated late apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate significant physicochemical differences between Lentinan extracts, which produce differential in vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects that may also have positive relevance to candidate COVID-19 therapeutics targeting cytokine storm.},
author = {Murphy, Emma J and Masterson, Claire and Rezoagli, Emanuele and O'Toole, Daniel and Major, Ian and Stack, Gary D and Lynch, Mark and Laffey, John G and Rowan, Neil J},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139330},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Immunotherapy,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Shiitake Mushrooms,beta-Glucans},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139330},
pmid = {32413619},
title = {{$\beta$-Glucan extracts from the same edible shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes produce  differential in-vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects - Implications for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) immunotherapies.}},
volume = {732},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Liu2020a,
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome  coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and quickly spread globally. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of viral shedding from different sites and the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response during the acute and convalescent phases of nine children with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in their nasopharyngeal swabs (9/9, 100{\%}), stool samples (8/9, 89{\%}), and oropharyngeal swabs (3/9, 33{\%}) but was not detected in their serum and urine samples. The median duration of viral shedding detected in nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, and stools was 13, 4, and 43 days respectively, and the maximum duration of viral shedding detected from stools was 46 days after discharge. In children, nasopharyngeal swabs appear to be a more sensitive specimen type for the diagnosis of COVID-19 compared with oropharyngeal swabs. Three of eight patients produced NAbs in the acute phase, and NAbs were detected in all eight patients with convalescent sera. The results of this study provide valuable information for the diagnosis and surveillance of COVID-19 and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for use in children.},
author = {Liu, Pengcheng and Cai, Jiehao and Jia, Ran and Xia, Shuai and Wang, Xiangshi and Cao, Lingfeng and Zeng, Mei and Xu, Jin},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1772677},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Antibodies, Neutralizing,Betacoronavirus,Child,Child, Preschool,Coronavirus Infections,Feces,Female,Humans,Infant,Inhibitory Concentration 50,Male,Nasopharynx,Oropharynx,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA, Viral,Time Factors,Virus Shedding,analysis,biosynthesis,blood,immunology,isolation {\&} purification,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1254--1258},
pmid = {32515685},
title = {{Dynamic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and neutralizing antibody in children  with COVID-19.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Buja2020,
abstract = {This paper collates the pathological findings from initial published autopsy reports  on 23 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from 5 centers in the United States of America, including 3 cases from Houston, Texas. Findings confirm that COVID-19 is a systemic disease with major involvement of the lungs and heart. Acute COVID-19 pneumonia has features of a distinctive acute interstitial pneumonia with a diffuse alveolar damage component, coupled with microvascular involvement with intra- and extravascular fibrin deposition and intravascular trapping of neutrophils, and, frequently, with formation of microthombi in arterioles. Major pulmonary thromboemboli with pulmonary infarcts and/or hemorrhage occurred in 5 of the 23 patients. Two of the Houston cases had interstitial pneumonia with diffuse alveolar damage pattern. One of the Houston cases had multiple bilateral segmental pulmonary thromboemboli with infarcts and hemorrhages coupled with, in nonhemorrhagic areas, a distinctive interstitial lymphocytic pneumonitis with intra-alveolar fibrin deposits and no hyaline membranes, possibly representing a transition form to acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia. Multifocal acute injury of cardiac myocytes was frequently observed. Lymphocytic myocarditis was reported in 1 case. In addition to major pulmonary pathology, the 3 Houston cases had evidence of lymphocytic pericarditis, multifocal acute injury of cardiomyocytes without inflammatory cellular infiltrates, depletion of splenic white pulp, focal hepatocellular degeneration and rare glomerular capillary thrombosis. Each had evidence of chronic cardiac disease: hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (420 g heart), dilated cardiomyopathy (1070 g heart), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (670 g heart). All 3 subjects were obese (BMIs of 33.8, 51.65, and 35.2 Kg/m(2)). Overall, the autopsy findings support the concept that the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 disease involves direct viral-induced injury of multiple organs, including heart and lungs, coupled with the consequences of a procoagulant state with coagulopathy.},
author = {Buja, Louis Maximilian and Wolf, Dwayne A and Zhao, Bihong and Akkanti, Bindu and McDonald, Michelle and Lelenwa, Laura and Reilly, Noah and Ottaviani, Giulia and Elghetany, M Tarek and Trujillo, Daniel Ocazionez and Aisenberg, Gabriel M and Madjid, Mohammad and Kar, Biswajit},
doi = {10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107233},
issn = {1879-1336 (Electronic)},
journal = {Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular  Pathology},
keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Betacoronavirus,Cause of Death,Comorbidity,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Health Status,Heart,Heart Diseases,Host-Pathogen Interactions,Humans,Lung,Male,Middle Aged,Myocardium,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk Factors,United States,complications,epidemiology,mortality,pathogenicity,pathology,virology},
language = {eng},
pages = {107233},
pmid = {32434133},
title = {{The emerging spectrum of cardiopulmonary pathology of the coronavirus disease 2019  (COVID-19): Report of 3 autopsies from Houston, Texas, and review of autopsy findings from other United States cities.}},
volume = {48},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Flores2021,
abstract = {The battle against cancer is formidable even in normal circumstances and the  COVID-19 selectively cancer patients with an increased risk of mortality by three times higher than those without cancer but also forced us to shut down the clinical trials in cancer patients to deal with the present crisis. We discuss here the disruptions on research in cancer with its immediate and delayed consequences and offer some suggestions to modify our practices, strategies and rationalization to help succeed the cancer treatment and research after the crisis is over.},
author = {Flores, Sally and Kurian, Nita and Yohannan, Anu and Persaud, Christina and Saif, Muhammad Wasif},
journal = {Cancer medicine journal},
language = {eng},
month = {apr},
number = {1},
pages = {38--43},
pmid = {32601623},
title = {{Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Clinical Trials.}},
volume = {4},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Qi2020,
abstract = {Herein, we report that a recombinant fusion protein, containing a 457 amino acid  SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD, residues 319-541) and a mouse IgG1 Fc domain, could induce highly potent neutralizing antibodies and stimulate humoral and cellular immunity in mice. The antibodies also effectively suppressed SARS-CoV-2 RBD binding to soluble ACE2, indicating that RBD-mFc may be further developed as a safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.},
author = {Qi, Xiaoxiao and Ke, Bixia and Feng, Qian and Yang, Deying and Lian, Qinghai and Li, Zibo and Lu, Linlin and Ke, Changwen and Liu, Zhongqiu and Liao, Guochao},
doi = {10.1039/d0cc03263h},
issn = {1364-548X (Electronic)},
journal = {Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {61},
pages = {8683--8686},
pmid = {32613971},
title = {{Construction and immunogenic studies of a mFc fusion receptor binding domain (RBD)  of spike protein as a subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.}},
volume = {56},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Popov2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with severe  pulmonary and cardiovascular complications. CASE PRESENTATION: This report describes a young patient with COVID-19 without any comorbidity presenting with severe cardiovascular complications, manifesting with pulmonary embolism, embolic stroke, and right heart failure. CONCLUSION: Management with short-term mechanical circulatory support, including different cannulation strategies, resulted in a successful outcome despite his critical cardiovascular status.},
author = {Popov, Aron Frederik and Berger, R and Schlensak, Christian and Bongers, Malte N and Haeberle, Helene and Acharya, Metesh and Lausberg, Henning F},
booktitle = {Journal of cardiac surgery},
doi = {10.1111/jocs.14916},
issn = {1540-8191 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32740953},
title = {{Mechanical circulatory support for cardiovascular complications in a young COVID-19  patient.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Haslak2020,
abstract = {Concerns regarding the comorbidity as a significant risk factor for Coronavirus  Disease-2019 (COVID-19), gave rise to an urgent need for studies evaluating patients with chronic conditions such as autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). We prepared a web-based survey investigating the clinical findings and contact histories among pediatric patients with AIDs. Confirmed COVID-19 cases, patients with contact history and those with symptoms which were highly suggestive of COVID-19 were called via phone or recruited to a video or face to face appointment. Data of AIDs were obtained from their medical records, retrospectively. Laboratory and screening findings were confirmed by our national health registry website. There were 404 patients (217 female) eligible for the enrollment. During pandemic, 375 (93{\%}) were on colchicine treatment and 48 (11.8{\%}) were receiving biologic treatment. Twenty-four out of 404 patients were admitted to hospital due to COVID-19 suspicion. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) was identified through rhinopharyngeal swabs in seven patients, six of whom were only on colchicine treatment. Only one patient with no finding of any severe respiratory complications was hospitalized. All of seven patients recovered completely. Among patients on biologic drugs, neither a symptom nor a positive polymerase chain reaction test for COVID 19 was detected. In conclusion, pediatric patients with AIDs, those receiving biologic treatment and/or colchicine, may not be at increased risk for neither being infected nor the severe disease course.},
author = {Haslak, Fatih and Yildiz, Mehmet and Adrovic, Amra and Sahin, Sezgin and Koker, Oya and Aliyeva, Ayten and Barut, Kenan and Kasapcopur, Ozgur},
doi = {10.1007/s00296-020-04645-x},
issn = {1437-160X (Electronic)},
journal = {Rheumatology international},
keywords = {Adalimumab,Adolescent,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized,Betacoronavirus,Biological Products,Child,Child, Preschool,Cohort Studies,Colchicine,Coronavirus Infections,Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes,Etanercept,Familial Mediterranean Fever,Female,Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases,Humans,Infant,Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein,Male,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Tubulin Modulators,Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors,Turkey,Young Adult,complications,drug therapy,physiopathology,therapeutic use,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1423--1431},
pmid = {32661928},
title = {{Management of childhood-onset autoinflammatory diseases during the COVID-19  pandemic.}},
volume = {40},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Grenga2020,
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in  a pandemic and is continuing to spread rapidly around the globe. No effective vaccine is currently available to prevent COVID-19, and intense efforts are being invested worldwide into vaccine development. In this context, all technology platforms must overcome several challenges resulting from the use of an incompletely characterized new virus. These include finding the right conditions for virus amplification for the development of vaccines based on inactivated or attenuated whole viral particles. Here, we describe a shotgun tandem mass spectrometry workflow, the data produced can be used to guide optimization of the conditions for viral amplification. In parallel, we analysed the changes occurring in the host cell proteome following SARS-CoV-2 infection to glean information on the biological processes modulated by the virus that could be further explored as potential drug targets to deal with the pandemic.},
author = {Grenga, Lucia and Gallais, Fabrice and Pible, Olivier and Gaillard, Jean-Charles and Gouveia, Duarte and Batina, H{\'{e}}l{\`{e}}ne and Bazaline, Niza and Ruat, Sylvie and Culotta, Karen and Miotello, Guylaine and Debroas, St{\'{e}}phanie and Roncato, Marie-Anne and Steinmetz, G{\'{e}}rard and Foissard, Charlotte and Desplan, Anne and Alpha-Bazin, B{\'{e}}atrice and Almunia, Christine and Gas, Fabienne and Bellanger, Laurent and Armengaud, Jean},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1791737},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1712--1721},
pmid = {32619390},
title = {{Shotgun proteomics analysis of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and how it can optimize  whole viral particle antigen production for vaccines.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Betton2020,
author = {Betton, Louis and Benchetrit, Deborah and Aron-Wisnewsky, Judith and Oppert, Jean-Michel and Torcivia, Adriana and Vaillant, Jean-Christophe and Genser, Laurent},
booktitle = {Obesity surgery},
doi = {10.1007/s11695-020-04664-4},
issn = {1708-0428 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Gastric Bypass,Hernia, Abdominal,Humans,Laparoscopes,Obesity, Morbid,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,surgery},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {3601--3602},
pmid = {32385664},
title = {{COVID-19 Digestive Symptoms Mimicking Internal Hernia Presentation After  Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass; Comment on "Internal Hernia in the Times of COVID-19: to Laparoscope or Not to Laparoscope?".}},
volume = {30},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Safavi2020,
author = {Safavi, Farinaz and Nath, Avindra},
booktitle = {Journal of the neurological sciences},
doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2020.116942},
issn = {1878-5883 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Immunosuppressive Agents,Inflammation,Methotrexate,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,complications,drug effects,drug therapy,immunology,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {116942},
pmid = {32471659},
title = {{Silencing of immune activation with methotrexate in patients with COVID-19.}},
volume = {415},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zhao2020b,
abstract = {This is a narrative reflection about my experience of the ongoing coronavirus  (COVID-19) outbreaks across countries between January and early March 2020. My recalled memories showed the shifting and contingent thoughts and emotions. Contextual factors such as my ethnic identity and local anti-coronavirus policies also constructed my perceptions of the pandemic. While my story is unfinished as the coronavirus outbreak is still happening, the narratives provide a novel perspective to understand public health practices in a global context. As the health knowledge construction is infused with identity and personal meanings, this reflection also shows that people from a racial group may face unfair treatment in a pandemic. My narratives suggest the need for a more globally synchronized health communication in pandemics.},
author = {Zhao, Xiang},
doi = {10.1080/10410236.2020.1800277},
issn = {1532-7027 (Electronic)},
journal = {Health communication},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--4},
pmid = {32744108},
title = {{Experiencing the Pandemic: Narrative Reflection about Two Coronavirus Outbreaks.}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Sandhu2020,
abstract = {The coronavirus pandemic has impacted medical education globally. As universities  seek to deliver medical education through new methods of modalities, this continuing of education ensures the learning of the future workforce of the NHS. Novel ways of online teaching should be considered in new medical curricula development, as well as methods of delivering practical skills for medical students online.},
author = {Sandhu, Preeti and de Wolf, Maisie},
booktitle = {Medical education online},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1764740},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Curriculum,Education, Distance,Education, Medical,Education, Medical, Undergraduate,Humans,Learning,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Students, Medical,Teaching,Universities,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1764740},
pmid = {32400298},
title = {{The impact of COVID-19 on the undergraduate medical curriculum.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Rodriguez2020,
abstract = {The 2019 Coronavirus pandemic has brought about significant and unprecedented  changes to the modern world, including stay-at-home orders, high rates of unemployment, and more than a hundred thousand deaths across the United States. Derived from the self-medication hypothesis, this research explored how perceived threat and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with drinking behavior among an American sample of adults. We also evaluated whether links between COVID-19-related perceived threat and psychological distress with drinking behavior are different for men and women. Participants (N = 754; 50{\%} women) completed an online Qualtrics Panels study between April 17th and 23rd, 2020. Results suggested that psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently related to alcohol use indices, and moderation results indicated this pattern was significant only among women for number of drinks consumed during the recent heaviest drinking occasion and number of drinks consumed on a typical evening. COVID-related distress' link to frequency of drinking and heavy drinking episodes was not different for men and women. Our results suggest that continued monitoring, particularly among women, should be conducted as this pandemic continues to evolve to identify the long-term public health impacts of drinking to cope with COVID-19 distress.},
author = {Rodriguez, Lindsey M and Litt, Dana M and Stewart, Sherry H},
doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106532},
issn = {1873-6327 (Electronic)},
journal = {Addictive behaviors},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
pages = {106532},
pmid = {32652385},
title = {{Drinking to cope with the pandemic: The unique associations of COVID-19-related  perceived threat and psychological distress to drinking behaviors in American men and women.}},
volume = {110},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Shrigiriwar2020,
abstract = {It was the middle of March when we were two weeks into our clinical rotation and  just started to get the hang of the new hospital. When one morning after reaching the hospital and finishing our patient rounds and notes, we received a frantic message from our co-rotator, mentioning all clinical rotations for MD students have been suspended due to COVID-19, according to the new AMA guidelines. We immediately booked our flight tickets and flew back to Mumbai.},
author = {Shrigiriwar, Apurva and Garg, Tushar},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1785115},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Developing Countries,Humans,Internship and Residency,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,epidemiology,organization {\&} administration},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1785115},
pmid = {32586218},
title = {{Intern year in a developing country amidst COVID-19.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{RomanoSpica2020,
abstract = {Public health measures to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic, imposed also a shutdown  of sports facilities and swimming pools. Safety issues related to recreational waters were emerging during the lockdown, rising concerns on how and when reopening pools and on how improve their management while SARS-CoV-2 is circulating in the population. The GSMS-SItI, Working Group on Movement Sciences for Health of the Italian Society of Hygiene Preventive Medicine and Public Health, discussed and summarized some indications for a suitable preventive approach. Several measures are highlighted, including social distancing, optimized water management, airflow and microclimatic parameters in the pool as well in the annexed rooms, verification of sanitation procedures. The GSMS-SItI underlines that prevention should be based on monitoring of the local epidemiological situation and on the constant collaboration with the local health authority and the national health service.},
author = {Romano Spica, V and Gall, F and Baldelli, G and Valeriani, F and Di Rosa, E and Liguori, G and Brandi, G},
doi = {10.7416/ai.2020.2368},
institution = {GSMS-SItI, Working Group on Movement Sciences for Health, Italian Society of Hygiene  Preventive Medicine and Public Health},
issn = {1120-9135 (Print)},
journal = {Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Transmission, Infectious,Disinfection,Exercise,Facility Design and Construction,Humans,Hygiene,Infection Control,Italy,Pandemics,Personal Protective Equipment,Pneumonia, Viral,Population Surveillance,Public Health,Quarantine,Risk Assessment,Swimming Pools,Water Microbiology,Water Purification,Water Quality,methods,prevention {\&} control,standards,transmission},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {439--448},
pmid = {32578839},
title = {{Swimming Pool safety and prevention at the time of Covid-19: a consensus document  from GSMS-SItI.}},
volume = {32},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Xu2020a,
abstract = {Confirmative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections has been challenged due to  unsatisfactory positive rate of molecular assays. Here we identified a family cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections, with five of six family members were SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobin serology testing positive, while molecular assays only detected two of this five patients even repeated twice. We comprehensively analyzed this familial cluster of cases based on the clinical characteristics, chest CT images, SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection results, and serology testing results. At last, two patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, two were suspected of COVID-19, and two were considered close contacts. Our results emphasized the significance of serology testing to assist timely diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially for COVID-19 close contacts screening.},
author = {Xu, Yan and Xiao, Meng and Liu, Xinchao and Xu, Shengyong and Du, Tiekuan and Xu, Jun and Yang, Qiwen and Xu, Yingchun and Han, Yang and Li, Taisheng and Zhu, Huadong and Wang, Mengzhao},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1752610},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Adult,Betacoronavirus,China,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Cluster Analysis,Coronavirus Infections,Family,Female,Humans,Immunoglobulins,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Serologic Tests,Time Factors,Tomography, X-Ray Computed,blood,diagnosis,diagnostic imaging,genetics,immunology,isolation {\&} purification,standards},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {924--927},
pmid = {32286155},
title = {{Significance of serology testing to assist timely diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2  infections: implication from a family cluster.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Tavakolpour2020,
author = {Tavakolpour, Soheil and Rakhshandehroo, Taha and Wei, Erin X and Rashidian, Mohammad},
booktitle = {Immunology letters},
doi = {10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.013},
issn = {1879-0542 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {31--32},
pmid = {32569607},
title = {{Lymphopenia during the COVID-19 infection: What it shows and what can be learned.}},
volume = {225},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ang2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Medical observation period is a period of 14 days after any exposure to  coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred. This review aimed to summarize and analyze the herbs and herbal formulae recommended by available guidelines. METHODS: A total of 14 sources were searched for potential guidelines that provide herbal medicine treatment for the medical observation period of COVID-19. We summarized and analyzed the recommended herbal formulae and performed a network analysis to identify the relationship between herbs. RESULTS: We found 9 guidelines that provide herbal formula for medical observation based on clinical manifestation. There are 12 herbal formulae with a total of 53 herbs recommended by the guidelines. The result of our network analysis showed that the herb Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chen Pi) strongly paired with the herb Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gan Cao). CONCLUSION: This review briefly summarized the usage of herbal medicine for the medical observation period of COVID-19 and may serve as a reference for future studies. More research is needed in the future to provide evidence on the usage of herbal medicine in various phases of COVID-10.},
author = {Ang, Lin and Lee, Hye Won and Kim, Anna and Lee, Myeong Soo},
doi = {10.1016/j.imr.2020.100465},
issn = {2213-4220 (Print)},
journal = {Integrative medicine research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {100465},
pmid = {32691000},
title = {{Herbal medicine for the management of COVID-19 during the medical observation  period: A review of guidelines.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sohail2020,
abstract = {In December 2019, an atypical pneumonia invaded the city of Wuhan, China, and the  causative agent of this disease turned out to be a new coronavirus. In January 2020, the World Health Organization named the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV and subsequently it is referred to as SARS-CoV2 and the related disease as CoViD-19 (Lai et al., 2020). Very quickly, the epidemic led to a pandemic and it is now a worldwide emergency requiring the creation of new antiviral therapies and a related vaccine. The purpose of this article is to review and investigate further the molecular mechanism by which the SARS-CoV2 virus infection proceeds via the formation of a hetero-trimer between its protein S, the ACE2 receptor and the B0AT1 protein, which is the "entry receptor" for the infection process involving membrane fusion (Li et al., 2003). A reverse engineering process uses the formalism of the Hill function to represent the functions related to the dynamics of the biochemical interactions of the viral infection process. Then, using a logical evaluation of viral density that measures the rate at which the cells are hijacked by the virus (and they provide a place for the virus to replicate) and considering the "time delay" given by the interaction between cell and virus, the expected duration of the incubation period is predicted. The conclusion is that the density of the virus varies from the "exposure time" to the "interaction time" (virus-cells). This model can be used both to evaluate the infectious condition and to analyze the incubation period. BACKGROUND: The ongoing threat of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV2 pandemic is alarming and strategies for combating infection are highly desired. This RNA virus belongs to the $\beta$-coronavirus genus and is similar in some features to SARS-CoV. Currently, no vaccine or approved medical treatment is available. The complex dynamics of the rapid spread of this virus can be demonstrated with the aid of a computational framework. METHODS: A mathematical model based on the principles of cell-virus interaction is developed in this manuscript. The amino acid sequence of S proein and its interaction with the ACE-2 protein is mimicked with the aid of Hill function. The mathematical model with delay is solved with the aid of numerical solvers and the parametric values are obtained with the help of MCMC algorithm. RESULTS: A delay differential equation model is developed to demonstrate the dynamics of target cells, infected cells and the SARS-CoV2. The important parameters and coefficients are demonstrated with the aid of numerical computations. The resulting thresholds and forecasting may prove to be useful tools for future experimental studies and control strategies. CONCLUSIONS: From the analysis, I is concluded that control strategy via delay is a promising technique and the role of Hill function formalism in control strategies can be better interpreted in an inexpensive manner with the aid of a theoretical framework.},
author = {Sohail, Ayesha and Nutini, Alessandro},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.04.002},
issn = {1873-1732 (Electronic)},
journal = {Progress in biophysics and molecular biology},
keywords = {Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral,Betacoronavirus,Cell Membrane,Cell Membrane Permeability,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Membrane Proteins,Molecular Dynamics Simulation,Pandemics,Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A,Pneumonia, Viral,Protein Binding,Receptors, Virus,Recombinant Fusion Proteins,SARS Virus,metabolism},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {29--35},
pmid = {32360608},
title = {{Forecasting the timeframe of 2019-nCoV and human cells interaction with reverse  engineering.}},
volume = {155},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Pagliazzi2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 outbreak prompted health centres to reorganize their clinical  and surgical activity. In this paper, we show how medical genetics department's activity, in our tertiary pediatric hospital, has changed due to pandemic. METHODS: We stratified all our scheduled visits, from March 9th through April 30th, and assessed case-by-case which genetic consultations should be maintained as face-to-face visit, or postponed/switched to telemedicine. RESULTS: Out of 288 scheduled appointments, 60 were prenatal consultations and 228 were postnatal visits. We performed most of prenatal consultations as face-to-face visits, as women would have been present in the hospital to perform other procedures in addition to our consult. As for postnatal care, we suspended all outpatient first visits and opted for telemedicine for selected follow-up consultations: interestingly, 75{\%} of our patients' parents revealed that they would have cancelled the appointment themselves for the fear to contract an infection. CONCLUSIONS: Spread of COVID-19 in Italy forced us to change our working habits. Given the necessity to optimize healthcare resources and minimize the risk of in-hospital infections, we experienced the benefits of telegenetics. Current pandemic made us familiar with telemedicine, laying the foundations for its application to deal with the increasing number of requests in clinical genetics.},
author = {Pagliazzi, Angelica and Mancano, Giorgia and Forzano, Giulia and di Giovanni, Fabiana and Gori, Giulia and Traficante, Giovanna and Iolascon, Achille and Giglio, Sabrina},
doi = {10.1002/mgg3.1433},
issn = {2324-9269 (Electronic)},
journal = {Molecular genetics {\&} genomic medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {e1433},
pmid = {32743952},
title = {{Genetic counseling during COVID-19 pandemic: Tuscany experience.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mayer2020,
abstract = {Currently, testing for coronavirus is performed with time and personnel consuming  PCR assays. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and capacity of a fully automated, random access high-throughput real-time PCR-based diagnostic platform for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The NeuMoDx N96 system displayed an equal or better detection rate for SARS-CoV-2 compared with the LightCycler 480II system and showed a specificity of 100{\%}. The median PCR run time for all 28 PCR runs was 91 (IQR 84-97) minutes. The capacity of the NeuMoDx N96 could easily surpass the capacity of most currently used molecular test systems and significantly reduce the turn-around time.},
author = {Mayer, Florian J and Ratzinger, Franz and Schmidt, Ralf L J and Greiner, Georg and Landt, Olfert and {Am Ende}, Alexander and Corman, Victor M and Perkmann-Nagele, Nicole and Watkins-Riedel, Thomas and Petermann, Dagmar and Abadir, Karoline and Zweim{\"{u}}ller-Mayer, Josef and Strassl, Robert},
doi = {10.1080/21505594.2020.1798041},
issn = {2150-5608 (Electronic)},
journal = {Virulence},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {964--967},
pmid = {32726172},
title = {{Development of a fully automated high throughput PCR for the detection of  SARS-CoV-2: The need for speed.}},
volume = {11},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Collivignarelli2020,
abstract = {Based on the rapid spread of the CoViD-2019, a lockdown was declared in the whole  Northern Italy by the Government. The application of increasingly rigorous containment measures allowed to reduce the impact of the CoViD-2019 pandemic on the Italian National Health System but at the same time these restriction measures gave also the opportunity to assess the effect of anthropogenic activities on air pollutants in an unprecedented way. This paper aims to study the impact of the partial and total lockdown (PL and TL, respectively) on air quality in the Metropolitan City of Milan. As results, the severe limitation of people movements following the PL and the subsequent TL determined a significant reduction of pollutants concentration mainly due to vehicular traffic (PM(10), PM(2.5), BC, benzene, CO, and NO(x)). The lockdown led to an appreciable drop in SO(2) only in the city of Milan while it remained unchanged in the adjacent areas. Despite the significant decrease in NO(2) in the TL, the O(3) exhibited a significant increase, probably, due to the minor NO concentration. In Milan and SaA the increase was more accentuated, probably, due to the higher average concentrations of benzene in Milan than the adjacent areas that might have promoted the formation of O(3) in a more significant way.},
author = {Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina and Abb{\`{a}}, Alessandro and Bertanza, Giorgio and Pedrazzani, Roberta and Ricciardi, Paola and {Carnevale Miino}, Marco},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139280},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Environmental Monitoring,Humans,Italy,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139280},
pmid = {32402928},
title = {{Lockdown for CoViD-2019 in Milan: What are the effects on air quality?}},
volume = {732},
year = {2020}
}
@article{LemechaObsu2020,
abstract = {In this paper, we apply optimal control theory to a novel coronavirus (COVID-19)  transmission model given by a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. Optimal control strategies are obtained by minimizing the number of exposed and infected population considering the cost of implementation. The existence of optimal controls and characterization is established using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. An expression for the basic reproduction number is derived in terms of control variables. Then the sensitivity of basic reproduction number with respect to model parameters is also analysed. Numerical simulation results demonstrated good agreement with our analytical results. Finally, the findings of this study shows that comprehensive impacts of prevention, intensive medical care and surface disinfection strategies outperform in reducing the disease epidemic with optimum implementation cost.},
author = {Lemecha Obs, Legesse and Feyissa Balcha, Shiferaw},
doi = {10.1080/17513758.2020.1788182},
issn = {1751-3766 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of biological dynamics},
keywords = {Basic Reproduction Number,Betacoronavirus,Computer Simulation,Coronavirus Infections,Epidemics,Humans,Infection Control,Mathematical Concepts,Models, Biological,Nonlinear Dynamics,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk Factors,Systems Biology,epidemiology,prevention {\&} control,statistics {\&} numerical data,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {590--607},
pmid = {32696723},
title = {{Optimal control strategies for the transmission risk of COVID-19.}},
volume = {14},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Suo2020,
abstract = {Quantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) is widely used as the gold standard for clinical  detection of SARS-CoV-2. However, due to the low viral load specimens and the limitations of RT-PCR, significant numbers of false negative reports are inevitable, which results in failure to timely diagnose, cut off transmission, and assess discharge criteria. To improve this situation, an optimized droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used for detection of SARS-CoV-2, which showed that the limit of detection of ddPCR is significantly lower than that of RT-PCR. We further explored the feasibility of ddPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA from 77 patients, and compared with RT-PCR in terms of the diagnostic accuracy based on the results of follow-up survey. 26 patients of COVID-19 with negative RT-PCR reports were reported as positive by ddPCR. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and accuracy were improved from 40{\%} (95{\%} CI: 27-55{\%}), 100{\%} (95{\%} CI: 54-100{\%}), 100{\%}, 16{\%} (95{\%} CI: 13-19{\%}), 0.6 (95{\%} CI: 0.48-0.75) and 47{\%} (95{\%} CI: 33-60{\%}) for RT-PCR to 94{\%} (95{\%} CI: 83-99{\%}), 100{\%} (95{\%} CI: 48-100{\%}), 100{\%}, 63{\%} (95{\%} CI: 36-83{\%}), 0.06 (95{\%} CI: 0.02-0.18), and 95{\%} (95{\%} CI: 84-99{\%}) for ddPCR, respectively. Moreover, 6/14 (42.9{\%}) convalescents were detected as positive by ddPCR at 5-12 days post discharge. Overall, ddPCR shows superiority for clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 to reduce the false negative reports, which could be a powerful complement to the RT-PCR.},
author = {Suo, Tao and Liu, Xinjin and Feng, Jiangpeng and Guo, Ming and Hu, Wenjia and Guo, Dong and Ullah, Hafiz and Yang, Yang and Zhang, Qiuhan and Wang, Xin and Sajid, Muhanmmad and Huang, Zhixiang and Deng, Liping and Chen, Tielong and Liu, Fang and Xu, Ke and Liu, Yuan and Zhang, Qi and Liu, Yingle and Xiong, Yong and Chen, Guozhong and Lan, Ke and Chen, Yu},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1772678},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,False Negative Reactions,Humans,Limit of Detection,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA, Viral,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Viral Load,diagnosis,genetics,methods},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1259--1268},
pmid = {32438868},
title = {{ddPCR: a more accurate tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Senturk2020,
abstract = {The novel coronavirus has caused a pandemic around the world. Management of patients  with suspected or confirmed coronavirus infection who have to undergo thoracic surgery will be a challenge for the anesthesiologists. The thoracic subspecialty committee of European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology (EACTA) has conducted a survey of opinion in order to create recommendations for the anesthetic approach to these challenging patients. It should be emphasized that both the management of the infected patient with COVID-19 and the self-protection of the anesthesia team constitute a complicated challenge. The text focuses therefore on both important topics.},
author = {Şent{\"{u}}rk, Mert and {El Tahan}, Mohamed R and Szegedi, Laszlo L and Marczin, Nandor and Karzai, Waheedullah and Shelley, Ben and Piccioni, Federico and {Granell Gil}, Manuel and Rex, Steffen and Sorbello, Massimiliano and Bence, Johan and Cohen, Edmond and Gregorio, Guido Di and Kawagoe, Izumi and Globokar, Mojca Drnov{\v{s}}ek and Jimenez, Maria-Jos{\'{e}} and Licker, Marc-Joseph and Mourisse, Jo and Mukherjee, Chirojit and Navarro, Ricard and Neskovic, Vojislava and Paloczi, Balazs and Paternoster, Gianluca and Pelosi, Paolo and Salaheldeen, Ahmed and Stoica, Radu and Unzueta, Carmen and Vanpeteghem, Caroline and Vegh, Tamas and Wouters, Patrick and Yapici, Davud and Guarracino, Fabio},
doi = {10.1053/j.jvca.2020.03.059},
issn = {1532-8422 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {2315--2327},
pmid = {32414544},
title = {{Thoracic Anesthesia of Patients With Suspected or Confirmed 2019 Novel Coronavirus  Infection: Preliminary Recommendations for Airway Management by the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology Thoracic Subspecialty Committee.}},
volume = {34},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sahebi2020,
abstract = {This paper addresses the need for a swift transition from in person clinical  supervision to tele-supervision during the time of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Five specific areas will be discussed in the effort to enhance the quality of clinical supervision provided to couple and family therapists in training at this time including: (1) COVID-19 and the structural changes and technological adaptation of supervision; (2) culturally and contextually sensitive guidelines for clinical supervision during COVID-19; (3) the supervisee's competence and the clinical supervisory process; (4) the new set of boundaries and the supervisory role; (5) and the supervisory alliance and supervisees' vulnerabilities in the face of COVID-19.},
author = {Sahebi, Bahareh},
doi = {10.1111/famp.12591},
issn = {1545-5300 (Electronic)},
journal = {Family process},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32743795},
title = {{Clinical Supervision of Couple and Family Therapy during COVID-19.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hunter2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The global COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an urgent search for effective  interventions. SARS-CoV-2 mortality/morbidity risk increases with age and for those chronic disease co-morbidities, both of which are associated with lower zinc status, as is the risk of infection. METHODS: Rapid review methods will be applied to a systematic review of zinc for the prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and viral respiratory tract infections in humans. Included are published studies reporting randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials that compare zinc intervention to placebo and/or other comparator interventions. English and Chinese language databases will be searched for primary studies of viral respiratory tract infections and clinical trial registries for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Due to concerns about indirectness, studies evaluating non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infections will be rated down by one level, and non-specific or confirmed non-coronavirus viral infections will be rated down by two levels. Review constraints include (1) using Google translate when screening articles published in languages other than English or Chinese and limited translation (2) following calibration, only one reviewer will screen articles, extract data, appraise quality and conduct the analysis, (3) prioritising data extraction and meta-analyses of SARS-CoV-2 studies and critical outcomes of other viral infections, followed by high risk groups and (4) reporting important preliminary findings prior to peer review if necessary. DISCUSSION: The application of these rapid review methods and broadening the inclusion criteria to include other coronavirus-related viral respiratory tract infections aims to enable a timely evidence appraisal of priority research questions and dissemination of results. STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020182044.},
author = {Hunter, Jennifer and Arentz, Susan and Goldenberg, Joshua and Yang, Guoyan and Beardsley, Jennifer and Mertz, Dominik and Leeder, Stephen},
doi = {10.1016/j.imr.2020.100457},
issn = {2213-4220 (Print)},
journal = {Integrative medicine research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {100457},
pmid = {32690999},
title = {{Rapid review protocol: Zinc for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and other  coronavirus-related respiratory tract infections.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{,
doi = {10.1097/NCM.0000000000000464},
issn = {1932-8095 (Electronic)},
journal = {Professional case management},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {E17--E18},
pmid = {32732803},
title = {{Essential Case Management Practices Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019  (COVID-19) Crisis: Part 2: End-of-Life Care, Workers' Compensation Case Management, Legal and Ethical Obligations, Remote Practice, and Resilience.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Ambrosino2020,
author = {Ambrosino, Pasquale and {Di Minno}, Alessandro and Maniscalco, Mauro and {Di Minno}, Matteo Nicola Dario},
booktitle = {Annals of medicine},
doi = {10.1080/07853890.2020.1791355},
issn = {1365-2060 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {6},
pages = {239--242},
pmid = {32619360},
title = {{COVID-19 and venous thromboembolism: current insights and prophylactic strategies.}},
volume = {52},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Sun2020a,
abstract = {The current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute  respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) calls urgently for effective therapies. Anti-malarial medicine chloroquine (CQ) and particularly its chemical analogue hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been recommended as promising candidate therapeutics that are now under either compassionate off-label use or clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. However, there are public concerns and disputes about both the safety and efficacy of CQ and HCQ for this new application. Given the fact that for decades HCQ has been approved as an immunomodulatory drug for the long term treatment of chronic rheumatic diseases, as experienced rheumatologists, we would like to share our thoughts in this regard and trigger a brainstorm among clinical care providers for exchanging their diverse opinions on this urgent topic.},
author = {Sun, Xiaoxuan and Ni, Yicheng and Zhang, Miaojia},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1760145},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Antimalarials,Antirheumatic Agents,Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Clinical Trials as Topic,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Hydroxychloroquine,Interdisciplinary Communication,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Rheumatologists,administration {\&} dosage,adverse effects,drug effects,drug therapy,epidemiology,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {830--832},
pmid = {32338155},
title = {{Rheumotologitsts' view on the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mathieson2020,
author = {Mathieson, Georgia and Sutthakorn, Roxanne and Thomas, Olivia},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1787308},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1787308},
pmid = {32594860},
title = {{Could the future of medical school examinations be open-book - a medical student's  perspective?}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Alfano2020,
abstract = {Coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) is a novel respiratory infection highly  associated with severe complications in elderly subjects affected by cardiovascular disease. Patients on maintenance dialysis are exceptionally vulnerable because most of them are old and have multiple comorbidities. We report the complex clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient on maintenance dialysis who presented with fever and lung edema. After 41 days from the primary infection, the clinically recovered patient experienced symptomatic reactivation of SARS-COV-2 infection documented by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result on nasal/oropharyngeal swab with immunoglobulin M seroconversion. The recurrence of PCR positivity forced us to perform hemodialysis in a separate isolation room for a prolonged period of time. Close monitoring of previously infected patients and restructuring of dialysis facilities are necessary to avoid new outbreaks of this concerning disease.},
author = {Alfano, Gaetano and Perrone, Rossella and Fontana, Francesco and Mori, Giacomo and Lucchi, Leonardo and Guaraldi, Giovanni and Magistroni, Riccardo and Cappelli, Gianni},
booktitle = {Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis},
doi = {10.1111/hdi.12859},
institution = {Modena Covid-19 Working Group (MoCo19)},
issn = {1542-4758 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32743901},
title = {{Long-term effects of COVID-19 in a patient on maintenance dialysis.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Radhakrishnan2020,
abstract = {The novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) has unfolded into a pandemic and is  continuing to propagate at a frightening speed. The aim of this article is to share our protocol for performing a safe surgical tracheostomy in this COVID-19 era. Tracheostomy procedures have a high risk of aerosol generation. To standardize institutional safety measures with tracheostomy, we advocate using a dedicated tracheostomy protocol applicable to all patients including those suspected of having COVID-19. We also did explore the current literature and recommendations for tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 and studied the previous data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003. We have prepared a protocol for performing a safe surgical tracheotomy in patients affected by COVID-19. Surgeons who might be involved in performing the tracheostomies should become familiar with these guidelines.},
author = {Radhakrishnan, Suma and Perumbally, Hafees Abdullah and Surya, Sai and Ponneth, Mohammed Shareef},
doi = {10.1007/s12070-020-01893-y},
issn = {2231-3796 (Print)},
journal = {Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of  the Association of Otolaryngologists of India},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {398--401},
pmid = {32719738},
title = {{Guidelines for Surgical Tracheostomy and Tracheostomy Tube Change During the  COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review Article.}},
volume = {72},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Frohman2020,
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has produced a world-wide collapse  of social and economic infrastructure, as well as constrained our freedom of movement. This respiratory tract infection is nefarious in how it targets the most distal and highly vulnerable aspect of the human bronchopulmonary tree, specifically, the delicate yet irreplaceable alveoli that are responsible for the loading of oxygen upon red cell hemoglobin for use by all of the body's tissues. In most symptomatic individuals, the disease is a mild immune-mediated syndrome, with limited damage to the lung tissues. About 20{\%} of those affected experience a disease course characterized by a cataclysmic set of immune activation responses that can culminate in the diffuse and irreversible obliteration of the distal alveoli, leading to a virtual collapse of the gas-exchange apparatus. Here, in Part I of a duology on the characterization and potential treatment for COVID-19, we define severe COVID-19 as a consequence of the ability of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to trigger what we now designate for the first time as a 'Prolific Activation of a Network-Immune-Inflammatory Crisis', or 'PANIC' Attack, in the alveolar tree. In Part II we describe an immunotherapeutic hypothesis worthy of the organization of a randomized clinical trial in order to ascertain whether a repurposed, generic, inexpensive, and widely available agent is capable of abolishing 'PANIC'; thereby preventing or mitigating severe COVID-19, with monumental ramifications for world health, and the global pandemic that continues to threaten it.},
author = {Frohman, Elliot M and Villemarette-Pittman, Nicole R and Melamed, Esther and Cruz, Roberto Alejandro and Longmuir, Reid and Varkey, Thomas C and Steinman, Lawrence and Zamvil, Scott S and Frohman, Teresa C},
doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2020.116936},
issn = {1878-5883 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of the neurological sciences},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Models, Immunological,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,immunology,physiology,physiopathology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {116936},
pmid = {32532449},
title = {{Part I. SARS-CoV-2 triggered 'PANIC' attack in severe COVID-19.}},
volume = {415},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Thierry2020,
author = {Thierry, Alain R},
booktitle = {Physiological reviews},
doi = {10.1152/physrev.00019.2020},
issn = {1522-1210 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Estrone,Fibrinolysin,Humans,Leukocyte Elastase,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk Factors,analogs {\&} derivatives},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {4},
pages = {1597--1598},
pmid = {32639219},
title = {{Anti-protease Treatments Targeting Plasmin(ogen) and Neutrophil Elastase May Be  Beneficial in Fighting COVID-19.}},
volume = {100},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Dong2020,
abstract = {Coronaviruses cause severe human viral diseases including SARS, MERS and COVID-19.  Most recently SARS-CoV-2 virus (causing COVID-19) has led to a pandemic with no successful therapeutics. The SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on trimeric spike (S) proteins to facilitate virus entry into host cells by binding to ACE2 receptor on host cell membranes. Therefore, blocking this interaction with antibodies are promising agents against SARS-CoV-2. Here we describe using humanized llama antibody VHHs against SARS-CoV-2 that would overcome the limitations associated with polyclonal and monoclonal combination therapies. From two llama VHH libraries, unique humanized VHHs that bind to S protein and block the S/ACE2 interaction were identified. Furthermore, pairwise combination of VHHs showed synergistic blocking. Multi-specific antibodies with enhanced affinity and avidity, and improved S/ACE2 blocking are currently being developed using an in-silico approach that also fuses VHHs to Fc domains. Importantly, our current bi-specific antibody shows potent S/ACE2 blocking (KD - 0.25 nM, IC100 ∼ 36.7 nM, IC95 ∼ 12.2 nM, IC50 ∼ 1 nM) which is significantly better than individual monoclonal VHH-Fcs. Overall, this design would equip the VHH-Fcs multiple mechanisms of actions against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we aim to contribute to the battle against COVID-19 by developing therapeutic antibodies as well as diagnostics.},
author = {Dong, Jianbo and Huang, Betty and Jia, Zhejun and Wang, Bo and {Gallolu Kankanamalage}, Sachith and Titong, Allison and Liu, Yue},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1768806},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists,Animals,Antibodies, Bispecific,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized,Antibodies, Viral,Betacoronavirus,Camelids, New World,Humans,Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus,immunology,metabolism},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1034--1036},
pmid = {32403995},
title = {{Development of multi-specific humanized llama antibodies blocking SARS-CoV-2/ACE2  interaction with high affinity and avidity.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Biktasheva2020,
abstract = {Transient local over-dry environment might be a contributor and an explanation for  the observed asynchronous local rises in Covid-19 mortality. We propose that a habitat's air humidity negatively correlate with Covid-19 morbidity and mortality, and support this hypothesis on the example of publicly available data from German federal states.},
author = {Biktasheva, Irina V},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138763},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Germany,Humans,Humidity,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,epidemiology,mortality},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {138763},
pmid = {32492610},
title = {{Role of a habitat's air humidity in Covid-19 mortality.}},
volume = {736},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Tahan2020a,
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This is the first of a 2-part article that discusses essential case  management practices and strategies amidst the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The series showcases the potential professional case managers have in support of managing during a crisis such as this global pandemic. Part I discusses reenvisioned roles and responsibilities of case managers and leaders known to address patients' needs during a crisis, with a special focus on telehealth, tele-case management, surge capacity, redeployment, discharge planning, and transitions of care. PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTINGS: Applicable to the various case management practice settings across the continuum of health and human services, especially acute care. FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 global pandemic crisis has brought an unprecedented challenge to professional case managers and health care professionals. It also has provided opportunities for innovation and partnerships within and across health care organizations and the various care settings where patients/support systems access necessary services. Most importantly, it created a renewed interest in telehealth and facilitated a wider adoption of such approach to care delivery than ever before. This pandemic has also increased the use of nontraditional sites of care, most importantly those that operate virtually on electronic networks and health information system technologies such as remote visits, e-visits, virtual care, and tele-monitoring. Undoubtedly, these have provided new opportunities for tele-case management services and roles for professional case managers in the virtual world of health and human service delivery. IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: Professional case managers are integral members of interprofessional health care teams. Their roles are even more necessary during a global pandemic such as COVID-19. The practice of case management will forever change-for the better. The experience of this crisis in health care has brought about ever-lasting implications for case management professionals. It has raised awareness to sites of care never were as popular before, resulting in an increased need and recognition for tele-case management practice and virtual case managers. It has also forced partnerships and collaborations among the diverse contexts of health care organizations (public, private, or both) and other industries, regardless of whether directly involved in the delivery of care or having a support service role. These new and innovative approaches in the provision of care and case management services will without a doubt become routine expectations beyond the current pandemic period. Of special note are the enhanced roles of case managers in discharge planning and transitions of care.},
author = {Tahan, Hussein M},
doi = {10.1097/NCM.0000000000000454},
issn = {1932-8095 (Electronic)},
journal = {Professional case management},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {248--266},
pmid = {32452941},
title = {{Essential Case Management Practices Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019  (COVID-19) Crisis: Part 1: Tele-Case Management, Surge Capacity, Discharge Planning, and Transitions of Care.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kumar2020,
abstract = {In order to benefit the public, community workers and scientific community, we  hereby present a chronicle of SARS-CoV-2 that leads to the unseen precedent of social distancing and lockdown owing to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Information on this life-threatening pandemic of COVID-19 is sparse and discrete; and the urgency is such that the dissemination of information is increasing with numerous daily publications on the topic. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive review on various aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. We scientifically compiled published research, news, and reports from various sources to comprehend and summarize the information and findings on Coronaviruses. The review explicitly covers the aspects like genome and pedigree of SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology, prognosis, pathogenesis, symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19 in order to catalog the right information on transmission route, and influence of environmental factors on virus transmissions, for the robust understanding of right strategical steps for proper COVID-19 management. We have explicitly highlighted several useful information and facts like: i) No established relationship between progression of SARS-CoV-2 with temperature, humidity and/or both, ii) The underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood, iii) Respiratory droplet size determines drop and airborne-based transmission, iv) Prognosis of COVID-19 can be done by its effects on various body organs, v) Infection can be stopped by restricting the binding of S protein and AE2, vi) Hydroxychloroquine is believed to be better than chloroquine for COVID-19, vii) Ivermectin with Vero-hSLAM cells is able to reduce infection by {\~{}}5000 time within 2 days, and viii) Nafamostat mesylate can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 S protein-initiated membrane fusion. We have also suggested future research perspectives, challenges and scope.},
author = {Kumar, Manish and Taki, Kaling and Gahlot, Rohit and Sharma, Ayushi and Dhangar, Kiran},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139278},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prognosis,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus,diagnosis,epidemiology,therapy,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139278},
pmid = {32434058},
title = {{A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Part-I - Epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, transmission  and treatment.}},
volume = {734},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{MasSerrano2020,
abstract = {• Two cases of Serotonin syndrome (SS) in COVID-19 patients are presented. •  Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) have been widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic. • LPV/r with duloxetine and lithium triggered SS in patient 1. • LPV/r with risperidone, and probably also morphine, triggered SS in patient 2. • A Video of patient 2 shows myoclonus and ocular clonus in the context of SS.},
author = {Mas Serrano, Miguel and P{\'{e}}rez-S{\'{a}}nchez, Javier Ricardo and {Portela S{\'{a}}nchez}, Sof{\'{i}}a and {De La Casa-Fages}, Beatriz and {Mato Jimeno}, V{\'{i}}ctor and {P{\'{e}}rez Tamayo}, Isabel and Grandas, Francisco},
booktitle = {Journal of the neurological sciences},
doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2020.116944},
issn = {1878-5883 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Lopinavir,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Ritonavir,SARS Virus,Serotonin Syndrome,drug therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {116944},
pmid = {32531579},
title = {{Serotonin syndrome in two COVID-19 patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir.}},
volume = {415},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Zaleski2020,
author = {Zaleski, Amanda L and Taylor, Beth A and McKay, Raymond G and Thompson, Paul D},
booktitle = {The American journal of cardiology},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.05.029},
issn = {1879-1913 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {124--125},
pmid = {32593434},
title = {{Declines in Acute Cardiovascular Emergencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}},
volume = {129},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hjiej2020,
author = {Hjiej, Ghita and Fourtassi, Maryam},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1784374},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1784374},
pmid = {32578522},
title = {{Medical students' dilemma during the Covid-19 pandemic; between the will to help and  the fear of contamination.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Kumar2020b,
author = {Kumar, Amarjeet and Kumar, Abhyuday and Kumar, Neeraj and Kumar, Ajeet and Singh, Prabhat Kumar},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109884},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109884},
pmid = {32447167},
title = {{Modified oxygen therapy device for prevention of aerosol dispersion in COVID-19  patients.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Elhai2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is fast-spreading and potentially fatal, introducing home  quarantine, social distancing, and increased internet usage globally. We investigated COVID-19 anxiety, general anxiety and depression symptoms, and their impact on problematic smartphone use (PSU) severity METHODS: Participants were 908 residents of a large Eastern Chinese city, surveyed from late-February to mid-March, 2020. We administered online measures including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and items querying COVID-19-related news exposure and threat of death. Additionally, participants rated anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 with reference to COVID-19. RESULTS: COVID-19 anxiety correlated with severity of PSU, depression and anxiety. Using established cut-off scores, 12{\%} of participants were identified with at least moderate depression, and 24{\%} with moderate anxiety. Using structural equation modeling, COVID-19 anxiety related to PSU severity, mediating relations between general anxiety and PSU severity. However, controlling PSU for general anxiety and depression severity, COVID-19 anxiety no longer predicted PSU severity. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include the cross-sectional research design and reliance on data from only one country. CONCLUSIONS: Results are discussed in context of the I-PACE model of excessive internet use. While COVID-19 anxiety is likely a global anxiety-provoking event, other everyday worries and anxiety are additionally clinically important in driving excessive internet use.},
author = {Elhai, Jon D and Yang, Haibo and McKay, Dean and Asmundson, Gordon J G},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.080},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
keywords = {Adult,Anxiety Disorders,Behavior, Addictive,Betacoronavirus,Causality,China,Comorbidity,Coronavirus Infections,Cross-Sectional Studies,Female,Humans,Male,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Severity of Illness Index,Smartphone,Surveys and Questionnaires,epidemiology,psychology,statistics {\&} numerical data},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {576--582},
pmid = {32663990},
title = {{COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone use severity in  Chinese adults.}},
volume = {274},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Gelman2020,
abstract = {The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome pandemic caused by the novel  coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and it has created a pressing global need for effective antiviral therapies against it. COVID-19 disease pathogenesis is characterized by an initial virus-mediated phase, followed by inappropriate hyperactivation of the immune system leading to organ damage. Targeting of the SARS-CoV-2 viral receptors is being explored as a therapeutic option for these patients. In this paper, we summarize several potential receptors associated with the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss their association with the immune-mediated inflammatory response. The potential for the development of resistance towards antiviral drugs is also presented. An algorithm-based platform to improve the efficacy of and overcome resistance to viral receptor blockers through the introduction of personalized variability is described. This method is designed to ensure sustained antiviral effectiveness when using SARS-CoV-2 receptor blockers.},
author = {Gelman, Ram and Bayatra, Areej and Kessler, Asa and Schwartz, Asaf and Ilan, Yaron},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1776161},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Algorithms,Animals,Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Drug Resistance, Viral,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Receptors, Virus,antagonists {\&} inhibitors,drug effects,drug therapy,genetics,immunology,pharmacology,physiology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1397--1406},
pmid = {32490731},
title = {{Targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptors as a means for reducing infectivity and improving  antiviral and immune response: an algorithm-based method for overcoming resistance to antiviral agents.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Selcuk2020,
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The present research aimed to determine the relation between the use  of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inh) and angiotensinogen receptor blockers (ARBs) and in-hospital mortality of hypertensive patients diagnosed with Covid-19 pneumonia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this retrospective study, we included 113 consecutive hypertensive patients admitted due to Covid-19 infection. In all patients, Covid-19 infection was confirmed with using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. All patients were on ACE inh/ARBs or other antihypertensive therapy unless no contraindication was present. The primary outcome of the study was the in-hospital all-cause mortality. RESULTS: In total, 113 hypertensive Covid-19 patients were included, of them 74 patients were using ACE inh/ARBs. During in-hospital follow up, 30.9{\%} [n = 35 patients] of patients died. The frequency of admission to the ICU and endotracheal intubation were significantly higher in patients using ACE inh/ARBs. In a multivariable analysis, the use of ACE inh/ARBs was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR: 3.66; 95{\%}CI: 1.11-18.18; p= .032). Kaplan-Meir curve analysis displayed that patients on ACE inh/ARBs therapy had higher incidence of in-hospital death than those who were not. CONCLUSION: The present study has found that the use of ACE inh/ARBs therapy might be associated with an increased in-hospital mortality in patients who were diagnosed with Covid-19 pneumonia. It is likely that ACE inh/ARBs therapy might not be beneficial in the subgroup of hypertensive Covid-19 patients despite the fact that there might be the possibility of some unmeasured residual confounders to affect the results of the study.},
author = {Sel{\c{c}}uk, Murat and {\c{C}}ınar, Tufan and Keskin, Muhammed and {\c{C}}i{\c{c}}ek, Vedat and Kılı{\c{c}}, Şahhan and Kenan, Behruz and Doğan, Selami and Asal, S{\"{u}}ha and G{\"{u}}nay, Nuran and Yıldırım, Ersin and Keskin, {\"{U}}mran and Orhan, Ahmet L{\"{u}}tfullah},
doi = {10.1080/10641963.2020.1783549},
issn = {1525-6006 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)},
keywords = {Aged,Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Hospital Mortality,Hospitalization,Humans,Hypertension,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Retrospective Studies,adverse effects,drug therapy,mortality},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {8},
pages = {738--742},
pmid = {32569491},
title = {{Is the use of ACE inb/ARBs associated with higher in-hospital mortality in Covid-19  pneumonia patients?}},
volume = {42},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Young2020,
author = {Young, Annie M and Ashbury, Fredrick D and Schapira, Lidia and Scott{\'{e}}, Florian and Ripamonti, Carla I and Olver, Ian N},
booktitle = {Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of  Supportive Care in Cancer},
doi = {10.1007/s00520-020-05604-9},
issn = {1433-7339 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Neoplasms,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Uncertainty},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {4001--4004},
pmid = {32613372},
title = {{Uncertainty upon uncertainty: supportive Care for Cancer and COVID-19.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Pascual-Goni2020,
author = {Pascual-Go{\~{n}}i, Elba and Fortea, Juan and Mart{\'{i}}nez-Dome{\~{n}}o, Alejandro and Rabella, Nuria and Tecame, Mario and G{\'{o}}mez-Oliva, Cristina and Querol, Luis and G{\'{o}}mez-Ans{\'{o}}n, Beatriz},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000823},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {Adult,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Hypothalamus,Middle Aged,Ophthalmoplegia,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,complications,diagnostic imaging,etiology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32587102},
title = {{COVID-19-associated ophthalmoparesis and hypothalamic involvement.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Prata2020,
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a severe public health  issue. The novelty of the virus prompts a search for understanding of how ecological factors affect the transmission and survival of the virus. Several studies have robustly identified a relationship between temperature and the number of cases. However, there is no specific study for a tropical climate such as Brazil. This work aims to determine the relationship of temperature to COVID-19 infection for the state capital cities of Brazil. Cumulative data with the daily number of confirmed cases was collected from February 27 to April 1, 2020, for all 27 state capital cities of Brazil affected by COVID-19. A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to explore the linear and nonlinear relationship between annual average temperature compensation and confirmed cases. Also, a polynomial linear regression model was proposed to represent the behavior of the growth curve of COVID-19 in the capital cities of Brazil. The GAM dose-response curve suggested a negative linear relationship between temperatures and daily cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the range from 16.8 °C to 27.4 °C. Each 1 °C rise of temperature was associated with a -4.8951{\%} (t = -2.29, p = 0.0226) decrease in the number of daily cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19. A sensitivity analysis assessed the robustness of the results of the model. The predicted R-squared of the polynomial linear regression model was 0.81053. In this study, which features the tropical temperatures of Brazil, the variation in annual average temperatures ranged from 16.8 °C to 27.4 °C. Results indicated that temperatures had a negative linear relationship with the number of confirmed cases. The curve flattened at a threshold of 25.8 °C. There is no evidence supporting that the curve declined for temperatures above 25.8 °C. The study had the goal of supporting governance for healthcare policymakers.},
author = {Prata, David N and Rodrigues, Waldecy and Bermejo, Paulo H},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138862},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Brazil,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Temperature},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138862},
pmid = {32361443},
title = {{Temperature significantly changes COVID-19 transmission in (sub)tropical cities of  Brazil.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Renu2020,
abstract = {Human coronaviruses, especially COVID-19, is an emerging pandemic infectious disease  with high morbidity and mortality. Coronaviruses are associated with comorbidities, along with the symptoms of it. SARS-CoV-2 is one of the highly pathogenic coronaviruses that causes a high death rate compared to the SARS-CoV and MERS. In this review, we focused on the mechanism of coronavirus with comorbidities and impairment in multi-organ function. The main dysfunction upon coronavirus infection is damage to alveolar and acute respiratory failure. It is associated with the other organ damage such as cardiovascular risk via an increased level of hypertension through ACE2, gastrointestinal dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, liver dysfunction, lung injury, CNS risk, ocular risks such as chemosis, conjunctivitis, and conjunctival hyperemia, cancer risk, venous thromboembolism, tuberculosis, aging, and cardiovascular dysfunction and reproductive risk. Along with this, we have discussed the immunopathology and coronaviruses at a molecular level and therapeutic approaches for the coronavirus infection. The comorbidities and multi-organ failure of COVID-19 have been explained at a molecular level along with the base of the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This review would help us to understand the comorbidities associated with the coronaviruses with multi-organ damage.},
author = {Renu, Kaviyarasi and Prasanna, Pureti Lakshmi and {Valsala Gopalakrishnan}, Abilash},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117839},
issn = {1879-0631 (Electronic)},
journal = {Life sciences},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Comorbidity,Coronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,epidemiology,pathogenicity,pathology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {117839},
pmid = {32450165},
title = {{Coronaviruses pathogenesis, comorbidities and multi-organ damage - A review.}},
volume = {255},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ludovichetti2020,
author = {Ludovichetti, Francesco S and Signoriello, Anna G and Stellini, Edoardo and Mazzoleni, Sergio},
doi = {10.23736/S0026-4970.20.04419-2},
issn = {1827-174X (Electronic)},
journal = {Minerva stomatologica},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32744445},
title = {{COVID-19, rules of conduct for dental care in children during pandemic.}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Yongchen2020,
abstract = {Effective strategy to mitigate the ongoing pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus  (COVID-19) require a comprehensive understanding of humoral responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the emerging virus causing COVID-19. The dynamic profile of viral replication and shedding along with viral antigen specific antibody responses among COVID-19 patients started to be reported but there is no consensus on their patterns. Here, we conducted a serial investigation on 21 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 in two medical centres from Jiangsu Province, including 11 non-severe COVID-19 patients, and 5 severe COVID-19 patients and 5 asymptomatic carriers based on nucleic acid test and clinical symptoms. The longitudinal swab samples and sera were collected from these people for viral RNA testing and antibody responses, respectively. Our data revealed different pattern of seroconversion among these groups. All 11 non-severe COVID-19 patients and 5 severe COVID-19 patients were seroconverted during hospitalization or follow-up period, suggesting that serological testing is a complementary assay to nucleic acid test for those symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Of note, immediate antibody responses were identified among severe cases, compared to non-severe cases. On the other hand, only one were seroconverted for asymptomatic carriers. The SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses were well-maintained during the observation period. Such information is of immediate relevance and would assist COVID-19 clinical diagnosis, prognosis and vaccine design.},
author = {Yongchen, Zhang and Shen, Han and Wang, Xinning and Shi, Xudong and Li, Yang and Yan, Jiawei and Chen, Yuxin and Gu, Bing},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1756699},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Betacoronavirus,Child,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Progression,Female,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Polymerase Chain Reaction,RNA, Viral,Serologic Tests,Time Factors,diagnosis,genetics,immunology,methods,physiopathology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {833--836},
pmid = {32306864},
title = {{Different longitudinal patterns of nucleic acid and serology testing results based  on disease severity of COVID-19 patients.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Nolan2020,
author = {Nolan, Brodie},
doi = {10.1017/cem.2020.421},
issn = {1481-8035 (Print)},
journal = {CJEM},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1},
pmid = {32741421},
title = {{Response to Letter: "Receiving patients with vital signs absent from paramedics".}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Chen2020d,
author = {Chen, Guang-Bin and Lin, Jian-Tao and Zhang, Zheng and Liu, Lei},
booktitle = {Infectious diseases (London, England)},
doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1790031},
issn = {2374-4243 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Progression,Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor,Humans,Lymphocyte Subsets,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Recombinant Proteins,Retrospective Studies,Risk Factors},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {759--761},
pmid = {32643997},
title = {{Effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on lymphocyte  subsets in patients with COVID-19.}},
volume = {52},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Medina2020,
abstract = {The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned against the use of Hydroxychloroquine  or chloroquine for Covid-19 outside of a hospital or a clinical trial setting due to the risk of QT interval prolongation, ventricular tachycardia and the increased risk of these complications when combined with some antibiotics such as azithromycin. Several studies have reported no benefit of Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, when used alone or with a macrolide in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Despite these warnings, in several developing countries the official guidelines for treatment of Covid-19 patients at the primary care level recommend Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, among other treatments, as the first-choice for mild symptomatic Covid-19 patients, asymptomatic contacts or for prophylaxis. In our opinion there is a primum non nocere dilemma during this Covid-19 pandemic. In order to solve this bioethical problem, we strongly recommend that a randomized controlled trial in a primary care setting be carried out as a matter of urgency in these areas of the world.},
author = {Medina, Marco T and Moncada, Sir Salvador},
booktitle = {Journal of the neurological sciences},
doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2020.116972},
issn = {1878-5883 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Azithromycin,Betacoronavirus,Chloroquine,Coronavirus Infections,Developing Countries,Humans,Hydroxychloroquine,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Primary Health Care,drug therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {116972},
pmid = {32534369},
title = {{Hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine as a treatment choice or prophylaxis for Covid-19 at  the primary care level in developing countries: A Primum non Nocere dilemma.}},
volume = {415},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yan2020,
abstract = {Media reports can modify people's knowledge of emerging infectious diseases, and  thus changing the public attitudes and behaviors. However, how the media reports affect the development of COVID-19 epidemic is a key public health issue. Here the Pearson correlation and cross-correlation analyses are conducted to find the statistically significant correlations between the number of new hospital notifications for COVID-19 and the number of daily news items for twelve major websites in China from January 11th to February 6th 2020. To examine the implication for transmission dynamics of these correlations, we proposed a novel model, which embeds the function of individual behaviour change (media impact) into the intensity of infection. The nonlinear least squares estimation is used to identify the best-fit parameter values in the model from the observed data. To determine impact of key parameters with media impact and control measures for the later outcome of the outbreak, we also carried out the uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. These findings confirm the importance of the responses of individuals to the media reports, and the crucial role of experts and governments in promoting the public under self-quarantine. Therefore, for mitigating epidemic COVID-19, the media publicity should be focused on how to guide people's behavioral changes by experts, and the management departments and designated hospitals of the COVID-19 should take effective quarantined measures, which are critical for the control of the disease.},
author = {Yan, Qinling and Tang, Yingling and Yan, Dingding and Wang, Jiaying and Yang, Linqian and Yang, Xinpei and Tang, Sanyi},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110385},
issn = {1095-8541 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of theoretical biology},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {110385},
pmid = {32593679},
title = {{Impact of media reports on the early spread of COVID-19 epidemic.}},
volume = {502},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ohlstein2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented global changes in the  delivery of healthcare over a short period of time. With the implementation of "shelter in place" orders, otolaryngology clinic visits at our institution were transitioned to Telemedicine. This change enabled the rapid characterization of the patients who accepted and declined Telemedicine. METHODS: Review of 525 otolaryngology patients at a tertiary care referral center with scheduled visits requiring rescheduling to a future date or a Telemedicine visit. Visit, demographic information, and reason for deferring Telemedicine were collected for analysis. RESULTS: 72{\%} of patients declined a Telemedicine visit with the most common reason being the lack of a physical exam (97{\%}). There was an even distribution of demographics between those who accepted and declined visits. There was an association between declining Telemedicine with older age (P = 0.0004) and otology visits (P = 0.0003), while facial plastics patients were more likely to accept (P {\textless} 0.0001). Patients scheduled earlier during the pandemic were more likely to accept a visit with a median of 28 days from onset of "shelter in place" orders vs 35 for those who declined (P {\textless} 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We describe our initial experience with a transition to Telemedicine, where the majority of patients would decline a virtual visit due to the lack of a physical exam. While the future remains uncertain, Telemedicine will continue to play a vital role in healthcare delivery; we believe that understanding our patient base gives critical insights that will help guide and improve virtual care to meet patient's needs.},
author = {Ohlstein, Jason F and Garner, Jordan and Takashima, Masayoshi},
doi = {10.1002/lary.29030},
issn = {1531-4995 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Laryngoscope},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32740925},
title = {{Telemedicine in Otolaryngology in the COVID-19 Era: Initial Lessons Learned.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yang2020,
abstract = {A newly emerged coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused severe pneumonia outbreaks in China  in December 2019 and has since spread to various countries around the world. To trace the evolution route and probe the transmission dynamics of this virus, we performed phylodynamic analysis of 247 high quality genomic sequences available in the GISAID platform as of 5 March 2020. Among them, four genetic clusters, defined as super-spreaders (SSs), could be identified and were found to be responsible for the major outbreaks that subsequently occurred in various countries. SS1 was widely disseminated in Asia and the US, and mainly responsible for outbreaks in the states of Washington and California as well as South Korea, whereas SS4 contributed to the pandemic in Europe. Using the signature mutations of each SS as markers, we further analysed 1539 genome sequences reported after 29 February 2020 and found that 90{\%} of these genomes belonged to SSs, with SS4 being the most dominant. The relative degree of contribution of each SS to the pandemic in different continents was also depicted. Identification of these super-spreaders greatly facilitates development of new strategies to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.},
author = {Yang, Xuemei and Dong, Ning and Chan, Edward Wai-Chi and Chen, Sheng},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1773745},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,China,Cluster Analysis,Databases, Genetic,Disease Outbreaks,Genome, Viral,Global Health,Humans,Mutation,Phylogeny,Risk Factors,Sequence Alignment,Sequence Analysis,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,Virulence,classification,epidemiology,genetics,pathogenicity,transmission,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1287--1299},
pmid = {32525765},
title = {{Genetic cluster analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and the identification of those responsible  for the major outbreaks in various countries.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{McKay2020,
author = {McKay, Dean and Asmundson, Gordon J G},
booktitle = {Addictive behaviors},
doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106522},
issn = {1873-6327 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
pages = {106522},
pmid = {32622026},
title = {{Substance use and abuse associated with the behavioral immune system during  COVID-19: The special case of healthcare workers and essential workers.}},
volume = {110},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Kim2020a,
author = {Kim, Eun Jin and Hong, Hyo Lim},
booktitle = {Journal of Korean medical science},
doi = {10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e274},
issn = {1598-6357 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {30},
pages = {e274},
pmid = {32743993},
title = {{Letter to the Editor: Discussion of the Article "Prognostic Accuracy of the SIRS,  qSOFA, and NEWS for Early Detection of Clinical Deterioration in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients".}},
volume = {35},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yousaf2020,
abstract = {In this paper, we have conducted analysis based on data obtained from National  Institute of Health (NIH) - Islamabad and produced a forecast of COVID-19 confirmed cases as well as the number of deaths and recoveries in Pakistan using the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA). The fitted forecasting models revealed high exponential growth in the number of confirmed cases, deaths and recoveries in Pakistan. Based on our model prediction the number of confirmed cases will be increased by 2.7 times, 95{\%} prediction interval for the number of cases at the end of May 2020 = (5681 to 33079). There could be up to 500 deaths, 95{\%} prediction interval = (168 to 885) and there could be eightfold increase in the number of recoveries, 95{\%} prediction interval = (2391 to 16126). The forecasting results of COVID-19 are alarming for May in Pakistan. The health officials and government should adopt new strategies to control the pandemic from further spread until a proper treatment or vaccine is developed.},
author = {Yousaf, Muhammad and Zahir, Samiha and Riaz, Muhammad and Hussain, Sardar Muhammad and Shah, Kamal},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109926},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109926},
pmid = {32501377},
title = {{Statistical analysis of forecasting COVID-19 for upcoming month in Pakistan.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sung2020,
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute  respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Early detection of COVID-19 and immediate isolation of infected patients from the naive population are important to prevent further pandemic spread of the infection. Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA is currently the most reliable diagnostic method for confirming COVID-19 worldwide. Guidelines for clinical laboratories on the COVID-19 diagnosis have been recently published by Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, these formal guidelines do not address common practical laboratory issues related to COVID-19 real-time RT-PCR testing and their solutions. Therefore, this guideline is intended as a practical and technical supplement to the "Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19 in Korea".},
author = {Sung, Heungsup and Roh, Kyoung Ho and Hong, Ki Ho and Seong, Moon-Woo and Ryoo, Namhee and Kim, Hyun Soo and Lee, Jaehyeon and Kim, So Yeon and Yoo, Sookwon and Kim, Mi-Na and Han, Myung Guk and Lee, Sang Won and Lee, Hyukmin and Yoo, Cheon Kwon},
doi = {10.3343/alm.2020.40.6.439},
issn = {2234-3814 (Electronic)},
journal = {Annals of laboratory medicine},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Guanidines,Guidelines as Topic,Humans,Nasopharynx,Nucleocapsid Proteins,Open Reading Frames,Oropharynx,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA, Viral,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Republic of Korea,Thiocyanates,Viral Envelope Proteins,chemistry,diagnosis,genetics,metabolism,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {6},
pages = {439--447},
pmid = {32539299},
title = {{COVID-19 Molecular Testing in Korea: Practical Essentials and Answers From Experts  Based on Experiences of Emergency Use Authorization Assays.}},
volume = {40},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lala2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The degree of myocardial injury, as reflected by troponin elevation, and  associated outcomes among U.S. hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are unknown. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe the degree of myocardial injury and associated outcomes in a large hospitalized cohort with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. METHODS: Patients with COVID-19 admitted to 1 of 5 Mount Sinai Health System hospitals in New York City between February 27, 2020, and April 12, 2020, with troponin-I (normal value {\textless}0.03 ng/ml) measured within 24 h of admission were included (n = 2,736). Demographics, medical histories, admission laboratory results, and outcomes were captured from the hospitals' electronic health records. RESULTS: The median age was 66.4 years, with 59.6{\%} men. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure, was more prevalent in patients with higher troponin concentrations, as were hypertension and diabetes. A total of 506 (18.5{\%}) patients died during hospitalization. In all, 985 (36{\%}) patients had elevated troponin concentrations. After adjusting for disease severity and relevant clinical factors, even small amounts of myocardial injury (e.g., troponin I {\textgreater}0.03 to 0.09 ng/ml; n = 455; 16.6{\%}) were significantly associated with death (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.75; 95{\%} CI: 1.37 to 2.24; p {\textless} 0.001) while greater amounts (e.g., troponin I {\textgreater}0.09 ng/dl; n = 530; 19.4{\%}) were significantly associated with higher risk (adjusted HR: 3.03; 95{\%} CI: 2.42 to 3.80; p {\textless} 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial injury is prevalent among patients hospitalized with COVID-19; however, troponin concentrations were generally present at low levels. Patients with CVD are more likely to have myocardial injury than patients without CVD. Troponin elevation among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 is associated with higher risk of mortality.},
author = {Lala, Anuradha and Johnson, Kipp W and Januzzi, James L and Russak, Adam J and Paranjpe, Ishan and Richter, Felix and Zhao, Shan and Somani, Sulaiman and {Van Vleck}, Tielman and Vaid, Akhil and Chaudhry, Fayzan and {De Freitas}, Jessica K and Fayad, Zahi A and Pinney, Sean P and Levin, Matthew and Charney, Alexander and Bagiella, Emilia and Narula, Jagat and Glicksberg, Benjamin S and Nadkarni, Girish and Mancini, Donna M and Fuster, Valentin},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.007},
institution = {Mount Sinai COVID Informatics Center},
issn = {1558-3597 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {5},
pages = {533--546},
pmid = {32517963},
title = {{Prevalence and Impact of Myocardial Injury in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19  Infection.}},
volume = {76},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sarwar2020,
abstract = {The outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a public health emergency that had  caused disastrous results in more than 100 countries. The ability to detect disease outbreaks in the early stages is a key component of efficient disease control and prevention. With the increased availability of electronic health-care data and spatial analysis techniques, there is great potential to develop algorithms to enable more effective disease surveillance. The research focuses to develop a transparent user-friendly method to simulate the outbreak data. The paper describes the GIS tools to identify and define the field of investigation which requires consideration of the strengths and limitations of data collection instruments, facility of locational data collection, accuracy of locational data, and pertinent attributes for understanding disease risk. Using such information, it is quite easy for authorities to locate the highly effected area and take appropriate actions in that particular areas. However, GIS techniques, resources, and methods can be used in Pakistan for more effective investigation of vulnerable geographical locations.},
author = {Sarwar, Suleman and Waheed, Rida and Sarwar, Sahar and Khan, Aisha},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139089},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Outbreaks,Geographic Information Systems,Humans,Pakistan,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139089},
pmid = {32387823},
title = {{COVID-19 challenges to Pakistan: Is GIS analysis useful to draw solutions?}},
volume = {730},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Ni2020,
author = {Ni, Yan and Xu, Zhi-Jie and Zhang, Zhen-Feng and Yang, Chun and Liu, Cun-Ming and Gui, Bo},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109871},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109871},
pmid = {32419742},
title = {{Acute normovolemic hemodilution for major cancer surgeries during the COVID-19  pandemic: A beacon of hope.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bao2020,
abstract = {Responding to the ongoing novel coronavirus (agent of COVID-19) outbreak, China  implemented "the largest quarantine in human history" in Wuhan on 23 January 2020. Similar quarantine measures were imposed on other Chinese cities within days. Human mobility and relevant production and consumption activities have since decreased significantly. As a likely side effect of this decrease, many regions have recorded significant reductions in air pollution. We employed daily air pollution data and Intracity Migration Index (IMI) data form Baidu between 1 January and 21 March 2020 for 44 cities in northern China to examine whether, how, and to what extent travel restrictions affected air quality. On the basis of this quantitative analysis, we reached the following conclusions: (1) The reduction of air pollution was strongly associated with travel restrictions during this pandemic-on average, the air quality index (AQI) decreased by 7.80{\%}, and five air pollutants (i.e., SO(2), PM(2.5), PM(10), NO(2), and CO) decreased by 6.76{\%}, 5.93{\%}, 13.66{\%}, 24.67{\%}, and 4.58{\%}, respectively. (2) Mechanism analysis illustrated that the lockdowns of 44 cities reduced human movements by 69.85{\%}, and a reduction in the AQI, PM(2.5), and CO was partially mediated by human mobility, and SO(2), PM(10), and NO(2) were completely mediated. (3) Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the role of green production and consumption.},
author = {Bao, Rui and Zhang, Acheng},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139052},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,China,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139052},
pmid = {32413655},
title = {{Does lockdown reduce air pollution? Evidence from 44 cities in northern China.}},
volume = {731},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Katsanos2020,
author = {Katsanos, Aristeidis H and {de Sa Boasquevisque}, Danielle and {Ahmed Al-Qami}, Mustafa and Shawawrah, Mays and McNicoll-Whiteman, Rhonda and Gould, Linda and {Van Adel}, Brian and Sahlas, Demetrios J and Ng, Kelvin Kuan Huei and Perera, Kanjana and Sharma, Mukul and Oczkowski, Wieslaw and Pikula, Aleksandra and Shoamanesh, Ashkan and Catanese, Luciana},
doi = {10.1017/cjn.2020.170},
issn = {0317-1671 (Print)},
journal = {The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences  neurologiques},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--17},
pmid = {32741386},
title = {{In-Hospital Delays for Acute Stroke Treatment Delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic.}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Pujhari2020,
abstract = {Lack of an appropriate animal model to study severe acute respiratory syndrome  coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent responsible for COVID-19 pandemic disease, represents a significant hurdle in the process of understanding disease biology and evaluating therapeutic and preventive candidates. It is time for public health agencies to revisit regulation on transplantation of human pluripotent stem cells for the possibility of the development of a humanized mice model with a humanized lung.},
author = {Pujhari, Sujit and Rasgon, Jason L},
booktitle = {Virulence},
doi = {10.1080/21505594.2020.1763637},
issn = {2150-5608 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Animals,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Models, Animal,Humans,Mice,Pandemics,Pluripotent Stem Cells,Pneumonia, Viral,Research,Respiratory Tract Infections,Transplantation, Heterologous,legislation {\&} jurisprudence,pathology,standards,transplantation,trends},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {486--488},
pmid = {32434416},
title = {{Mice with humanized-lungs and immune system - an idealized model for COVID-19 and  other respiratory illness.}},
volume = {11},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ge2020,
abstract = {Respiratory viral infections such as coronavirus (COVID-19) will cause a great  mortality, especially in people who underly lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary and asthma. Very recently, the COVID-19 outbreak has exposed the lack of quick approaches for screening people who may have risen risk of pathogen contact. One proposed non-invasive potential approach to recognize the viral infection is analysis of exhaled gases. It has been indicated that the nitric oxide is one of most important biomarkers which might be emanated by respiratory epithelial cells. Using density functional theory calculations, here, we introduced a novel Au-decorated BN nanotube-based breathalyzer for probable recognition of NO gas released from the respiratory epithelial cells in the presence of interfering CO(2) and H(2)O gases. This breathalyzer benefits from different advantages including high sensitivity (sensing response = 101.5), high selectivity, portability, short recovery time (1.8 $\mu$s at 298 K), and low cost.},
author = {Ge, Chenjiao and Li, Mingli and Li, Mingxuan and Peyghan, Ali Ahmadi},
doi = {10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113454},
issn = {0167-7322 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of molecular liquids},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {113454},
pmid = {32501315},
title = {{Au-decorated BN nanotube as a breathalyzer for potential medical applications.}},
volume = {312},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Taneja2020,
abstract = {The Coronavirus (2019-Cov-2) infection Covid-19 is highly contagious caused by  single stranded RNA virus (+ssRNA) with nucleocapsid and spreading widely all across the world and responsible for more than 3.6 million morbidity and 0.25 million mortality No specific treatment is available till date. The clinical symptoms are mainly upper respiratory leading to diffuse viral pneumonia and multiple organ failure involving. Kidney, Liver and Heart along with coagulopathies. During 2004 (SARS-CoV) pandemic role of nitric oxide in its management is well demonstrated. Nitric Oxide (NO) reversed pulmonary hypertension. Improved severe hypoxia and shortened the stay in ICU and ventilatory support. Nitric Oxide increased the survival rate. The genetic composition of Corona Virus (SARS-CoV) is almost similar to Covid-19, thus indicates good chances of effectiveness or enhancement in results by Nitric Oxide along with other modes in treatment of Covid-19. It has been proved by studies by serendipity humming increases NO Expression dramatically.It is estimated that humming increases the endogenous generation of nitric oxide level by 15-fold. Hypoxia in ARD Syndrome leads to blood coagulation by depression of body defence anticoagulatory and fibrolytic properties along with metabolic acidosis. If we go into hypoxic hypercapnic state no hyper coagulation takes place. Hence Bhramari by enhancing the expression of Nitric Oxide and increased Carbon dioxide by extended exhalation and alkaline pH prevents coagulopathies and morbidity due to Covid-19.},
author = {Taneja, M K},
doi = {10.1007/s12070-020-01883-0},
issn = {2231-3796 (Print)},
journal = {Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of  the Association of Otolaryngologists of India},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {395--397},
pmid = {32719737},
title = {{Modified Bhramari Pranayama in Covid 19 Infection.}},
volume = {72},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Heller2020,
abstract = {Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in stools and sewage has recently been reported,  raising the hypothesis of faecal-oral transmission. If confirmed, this could have far-reaching consequences for public health and for pandemic control strategies. In this paper, we argue that a comprehensive and more nuanced analysis is required to test this hypothesis, taking into consideration both environmental dynamics and the persistence of viral infectivity. First, we examine the evidence regarding the presence of the virus in stools and sewage. Then we discuss the current framework of disease transmission through water and excreta and how the transmission of a respiratory disease fits into it. Against this background, we propose a framework to test the faecal-oral hypothesis, unpacking the different environmental routes from faeces to the mouth of a susceptible person. This framework should not be seen as a confirmation of the hypothesis but rather as an expanded view of its complexities, which could help shaping an agenda for research into a number of unanswered questions. Finally, the paper briefly discusses practical implications, based on current knowledge, for containment of the pandemic.},
author = {Heller, L{\'{e}}o and Mota, C{\'{e}}sar R and Greco, Dirceu B},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138919},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Feces,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138919},
pmid = {32353720},
title = {{COVID-19 faecal-oral transmission: Are we asking the right questions?}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Geld2020,
author = {Geld, Bonnie},
doi = {10.1097/NCM.0000000000000462},
issn = {1932-8095 (Electronic)},
journal = {Professional case management},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {300--303},
pmid = {32732808},
title = {{The Impact of COVID-19 and the Critical Need for Case Management.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{El-Missiry2020,
abstract = {Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a  newly discovered highly pathogenic virus that was declared pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization. The virus affects the respiratory system, produces an inflammatory storm that causes lung damage and respiratory dysfunction. It infects humans of all ages. The Covid-19 takes a more severe course in individuals with chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. This category of persons exhibits weak immune activity and decreased levels of endogenous antioxidants. Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling hormone synthesized and secreted primarily by the pineal gland. It is a potent antioxidant with immunomodulatory action and has remarkable anti-inflammatory effects under a variety of circumstances. Regarding Covid-19 and metabolic syndrome, adequate information about the relationship between these two comorbidities is required for better management of these patients. Since Covid-19 infection and complications involve severe inflammation and oxidative stress in people with obesity and diabetes, we anticipated the inclusion of melatonin, as powerful antioxidant, within proposed treatment protocols. In this context, melatonin is a potential and promising agent to help overcome Covid-19 infection and boost the immune system in healthy persons and obese and diabetic patients. This review summarizes some evidence from recently published reports on the utility of melatonin as a potential adjuvant in Covid-19-infected individuals with diabetes and obesity.},
author = {El-Missiry, Mohamed A and El-Missiry, Ziad M A and Othman, Azza I},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173329},
issn = {1879-0712 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of pharmacology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {173329},
pmid = {32615182},
title = {{Melatonin is a potential adjuvant to improve clinical outcomes in individuals with  obesity and diabetes with coexistence of Covid-19.}},
volume = {882},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Abdullah2020,
abstract = {An outbreak of respiratory illness which is proven to be infected by a 2019 novel  coronavirus (2019-nCoV) officially named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in Wuhan, China and has spread rapidly in other parts of China as well as other countries around the world, including Malaysia. The first case in Malaysia was identified on 25 January 2020 and the number of cases continue to rise since March 2020. Therefore, 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) was implemented with the aim to isolate the source of the COVID-19 outbreak. As a result, there were fewer number of motor vehicles on the road and the operation of industries was suspended, ergo reducing emissions of hazardous air pollutants in the atmosphere. We had acquired the Air Pollutant Index (API) data from the Department of Environment Malaysia on hourly basis before and during the MCO with the aim to track the changes of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) at 68 air quality monitoring stations. It was found that the PM(2.5) concentrations showed a high reduction of up to 58.4{\%} during the MCO. Several red zone areas ({\textgreater}41 confirmed COVID-19 cases) had also reduced of up to 28.3{\%} in the PM(2.5) concentrations variation. The reduction did not solely depend on MCO, thus the researchers suggest a further study considering the influencing factors that need to be adhered to in the future.},
author = {Abdullah, Samsuri and Mansor, Amalina Abu and Napi, Nur Nazmi Liyana Mohd and Mansor, Wan Nurdiyana Wan and Ahmed, Ali Najah and Ismail, Marzuki and Ramly, Zamzam Tuah Ahmad},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139022},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Malaysia,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139022},
pmid = {32353722},
title = {{Air quality status during 2020 Malaysia Movement Control Order (MCO) due to 2019  novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Wang2020d,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although studies have suggested experiencing the epidemic of severe  infectious diseases increased the prevalence of mental health problems, the association between COVID-19 epidemic and risk of anxiety and depression symptom in college students in China was unclear. METHODS: A large cross-sectional online survey with 44,447 college students was conducted in Guangzhou, China. The Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Scale) were used to define the anxiety and depression symptom, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between COVID-19 epidemic and risk of anxiety and depression symptom. RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptom was 7.7{\%} (95{\%} confidence interval [CI]: 7.5{\%}, 8.0{\%}) and 12.2{\%} (95{\%}CI: 11.9{\%}, 12.5{\%}), respectively. Compared with students who reported have not infected or suspected cases in family members and relatives, students who reported having confirmed (OR=4.06; 95{\%}CI: 1.62, 10.19; P = 0.003), and suspected (OR=2.11; 95{\%}CI: 1.11, 4.00; P = 0.023) cases in family members and relatives had higher risk of depression symptom. Additionally, the proportions of students with anxiety and depression symptom reported more demand of psychological knowledge and interventions than those without (P{\textless}0.001). LIMITATIONS: All the data in this study was collected through online questionnaire, and we did not evaluate the reliability and validity. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptom was relatively low in college students, but the COVID-19 epidemic-related factors might be associated with higher depression symptom risk.},
author = {Wang, Zheng-He and Yang, Hai-Lian and Yang, Yun-Qing and Liu, Dan and Li, Zhi-Hao and Zhang, Xi-Ru and Zhang, Yu-Jie and Shen, Dong and Chen, Pei-Liang and Song, Wei-Qi and Wang, Xiao-Meng and Wu, Xian-Bo and Yang, Xing-Fen and Mao, Chen},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.034},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {188--193},
pmid = {32734907},
title = {{Prevalence of anxiety and depression symptom, and the demands for psychological  knowledge and interventions in college students during COVID-19 epidemic: A large cross-sectional study.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Pathan2020,
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus mostly known as COVID-19 has created a global  pandemic. The world is now immobilized by this infectious RNA virus. As of June 15, already more than 7.9 million people have been infected and 432k people died. This RNA virus has the ability to do the mutation in the human body. Accurate determination of mutation rates is essential to comprehend the evolution of this virus and to determine the risk of emergent infectious disease. This study explores the mutation rate of the whole genomic sequence gathered from the patient's dataset of different countries. The collected dataset is processed to determine the nucleotide mutation and codon mutation separately. Furthermore, based on the size of the dataset, the determined mutation rate is categorized for four different regions: China, Australia, the United States, and the rest of the World. It has been found that a huge amount of Thymine (T) and Adenine (A) are mutated to other nucleotides for all regions, but codons are not frequently mutating like nucleotides. A recurrent neural network-based Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model has been applied to predict the future mutation rate of this virus. The LSTM model gives Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.06 in testing and 0.04 in training, which is an optimized value. Using this train and testing process, the nucleotide mutation rate of 400(th) patient in future time has been predicted. About 0.1{\%} increment in mutation rate is found for mutating of nucleotides from T to C and G, C to G and G to T. While a decrement of 0.1{\%} is seen for mutating of T to A, and A to C. It is found that this model can be used to predict day basis mutation rates if more patient data is available in updated time.},
author = {Pathan, Refat Khan and Biswas, Munmun and Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110018},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {110018},
pmid = {32565626},
title = {{Time series prediction of COVID-19 by mutation rate analysis using recurrent neural  network-based LSTM model.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Frohman2020a,
abstract = {Here, in Part II of a duology on the characterization and potential treatment for  COVID-19, we characterize the application of an innovative treatment regimen for the prevention of the transition from mild to severe COVID-19, as well as detail an intensive immunotherapy intervention hypothesis. We propose as a putative randomized controlled trial that high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin (HDMTX-LR) rescue can abolish 'PANIC', thereby 'left-shifting' severe COVID-19 patients to the group majority of those infected with SARS-CoV-2, who are designated as having mild, even asymptomatic, disease. HDMTX-LR is endowed with broadly pleiotropic properties and is a repurposed, generic, inexpensive, and widely available agent which can be administered early in the course of severe COVID-19 thus rescuing the critical and irreplaceable gas-exchange alveoli. Further, we describe a preventative treatment intervention regimen for those designated as having mild to moderate COVID-19 disease, but who exhibit features which herald the transition to the severe variant of this disease. Both of our proposed hypothesis-driven questions should be urgently subjected to rigorous assessment in the context of randomized controlled trials, in order to confirm or refute the contention that the approaches characterized herein, are in fact capable of exerting mitigating, if not abolishing, effects upon SARS-CoV-2 triggered 'PANIC Attack'. Confirmation of our immunotherapy hypothesis would have far-reaching ramifications for the current pandemic, along with yielding invaluable lessons which could be leveraged to more effectively prepare for the next challenge to global health.},
author = {Frohman, Elliot M and Villemarette-Pittman, Nicole R and Cruz, Roberto Alejandro and Longmuir, Reid and Rowe, Vernon and Rowe, Elizabeth S and Varkey, Thomas C and Steinman, Lawrence and Zamvil, Scott S and Frohman, Teresa C},
doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2020.116935},
issn = {1878-5883 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of the neurological sciences},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Clinical Trial Protocols as Topic,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Management,Humans,Immunosuppressive Agents,Immunotherapy,Leucovorin,Methotrexate,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,drug effects,drug therapy,methods,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {116935},
pmid = {32534807},
title = {{Part II. high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue for severe COVID-19: An  immune stabilization strategy for SARS-CoV-2 induced 'PANIC' attack.}},
volume = {415},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Olivari2020,
author = {Olivari, Laura and Riccardi, Niccol{\`{o}} and Rodari, Paola and Angheben, Andrea and Artioli, Paolo and Salgarello, Matteo},
doi = {10.1007/s00259-020-04870-3},
issn = {1619-7089 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {10},
pages = {2476--2477},
pmid = {32500168},
title = {{COVID-19 pneumonia: increased choline uptake with 18F-choline PET/CT.}},
volume = {47},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Solun2020,
abstract = {Since its first appearance in December 2019 in the Chinese province of Wuhan,  COVID-19 has spread rapidly throughout the world and poses a serious threat to public health. Acute respiratory failure due to widespread lung inflammation progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with an altered pulmonary and alveolar function that can lead to disability, prolong hospitalizations, and adverse outcomes. While there is no specific treatment for severe acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS due to the COVID-19 and the management is mostly supportive, it is very important to better understand the pathophysiological processes activated by the inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and metalloproteinases with the aim of their subsequent inhibition in the course of the complex treatment. Herein, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALI/ARDS, with a focus on the pivotal role played by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and the kinin-kallikrein system (KKS), and the effects of the possible pharmacological interventions. Aprotinin is a nonspecific protease inhibitor especially of trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, and kallikrein, and it is many years in clinical use. Aprotinin inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and involved in the process of glycoprotein homeostasis. Experimental data support that the use of aprotinin to inhibit MMPs and KKS may be a new potential approach to the treatment of ALI / ARDS.},
author = {Solun, B and Shoenfeld, Y},
doi = {10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100052},
issn = {2590-0986 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medicine in drug discovery},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100052},
pmid = {32537610},
title = {{Inhibition of metalloproteinases in therapy for severe lung injury due to COVID-19.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Loeffelholz2020,
abstract = {The three unprecedented outbreaks of emerging human coronavirus (HCoV) infections at  the beginning of the twenty-first century have highlighted the necessity for readily available, accurate and fast diagnostic testing methods. The laboratory diagnostic methods for human coronavirus infections have evolved substantially, with the development of novel assays as well as the availability of updated tests for emerging ones. Newer laboratory methods are fast, highly sensitive and specific, and are gradually replacing the conventional gold standards. This presentation reviews the current laboratory methods available for testing coronaviruses by focusing on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak going on in Wuhan. Viral pneumonias typically do not result in the production of purulent sputum. Thus, a nasopharyngeal swab is usually the collection method used to obtain a specimen for testing. Nasopharyngeal specimens may miss some infections; a deeper specimen may need to be obtained by bronchoscopy. Alternatively, repeated testing can be used because over time, the likelihood of the SARS-CoV-2 being present in the nasopharynx increases. Several integrated, random-access, point-of-care molecular devices are currently under development for fast and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. These assays are simple, fast and safe and can be used in the local hospitals and clinics bearing the burden of identifying and treating patients.},
author = {Loeffelholz, Michael J and Tang, Yi-Wei},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1745095},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Antigens, Viral,Betacoronavirus,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Communicable Diseases, Emerging,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Outbreaks,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Point-of-Care Testing,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction,Serologic Tests,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,Specimen Handling,analysis,diagnosis,epidemiology,genetics,immunology,mortality},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {747--756},
pmid = {32196430},
title = {{Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections - the state of the  art.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lin2020a,
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute  respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with droplets and contact as the main means of transmission. Since the first case appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the outbreak has gradually spread nationwide. Up to now, according to official data released by the Chinese health commission, the number of newly diagnosed patients has been declining, and the epidemic is gradually being controlled. Although most patients have mild symptoms and good prognosis after infection, some patients developed severe and die from multiple organ complications. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans remains unclear. Immune function is a strong defense against invasive pathogens and there is currently no specific antiviral drug against the virus. This article reviews the immunological changes of coronaviruses like SARS, MERS and other viral pneumonia similar to SARS-CoV-2. Combined with the published literature, the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19 is inferred, and the treatment recommendations for giving high-doses intravenous immunoglobulin and low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulant therapy to severe type patients are proposed.},
author = {Lin, Ling and Lu, Lianfeng and Cao, Wei and Li, Taisheng},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1746199},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Animals,Antibodies, Viral,Anticoagulants,B-Lymphocytes,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Cytokines,Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight,Humans,Immunoglobulins, Intravenous,Immunologic Factors,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype,Influenza, Human,Mice,Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,SARS Virus,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,T-Lymphocytes,blood,drug therapy,immunology,metabolism,pathogenicity,therapeutic use,therapy,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {727--732},
pmid = {32196410},
title = {{Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review of immune  changes in patients with viral pneumonia.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Li2020e,
abstract = {Three leading infectious disease experts in China were invited to share their  bedside observations in the management of COVID-19 patients. Professor Taisheng Li was sent to Wuhan to provide frontline medical care. He depicts the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, he observes the significant abnormality of coagulation function and proposes that the early intravenous immunoglobulin and low molecular weight heparin anticoagulation therapy are very important. Professor Hongzhou Lu, a leader in China to try various anti-viral drugs, expresses concern on the quality of the ongoing clinical trials as most trials are small in scale and repetitive in nature, and emphasizes the importance of the quick publication of clinical trial results. Regarding the traditional Chinese medicine, Professor Lu suggests to develop a creative evaluation system because of the complicated chemical compositions. Professor Wenhong Zhang is responsible for Shanghai's overall clinical management of the COVID-19 cases. He introduces the team approach to manage COVID-19 patients. For severe or critically ill patients, in addition to the respiratory supportive treatment, timely multiorgan evaluation and treatment is very crucial. The medical decisions and interventions are carefully tailored to the unique characteristics of each patient.},
author = {Li, Taisheng and Lu, Hongzhou and Zhang, Wenhong},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1741327},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,China,Clinical Trials as Topic,Coronavirus Infections,Critical Illness,Disease Progression,Female,Glucocorticoids,Humans,Male,Medicine, Chinese Traditional,Pandemics,Patient Care Management,Patient Care Team,Pneumonia, Viral,Thrombophilia,drug therapy,mortality,physiopathology,therapeutic use,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {687--690},
pmid = {32208840},
title = {{Clinical observation and management of COVID-19 patients.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Aghakhani2020,
author = {Aghakhani, Kamran and Shalbafan, Mohammadreza},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1770567},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1770567},
pmid = {32449487},
title = {{What COVID-19 outbreak in Iran teaches us about virtual medical education.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Meng2020,
abstract = {The dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been observed in  coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19) patients, but whether RAS inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), are associated with clinical outcomes remains unknown. COVID-19 patients with hypertension were enrolled to evaluate the effect of RAS inhibitors. We observed that patients receiving ACEI or ARB therapy had a lower rate of severe diseases and a trend toward a lower level of IL-6 in peripheral blood. In addition, ACEI or ARB therapy increased CD3 and CD8 T cell counts in peripheral blood and decreased the peak viral load compared to other antihypertensive drugs. This evidence supports the benefit of using ACEIs or ARBs to potentially contribute to the improvement of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension.},
author = {Meng, Juan and Xiao, Guohui and Zhang, Juanjuan and He, Xing and Ou, Min and Bi, Jing and Yang, Rongqing and Di, Wencheng and Wang, Zhaoqin and Li, Zigang and Gao, Hong and Liu, Lei and Zhang, Guoliang},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1746200},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Aged,Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors,Antihypertensive Agents,Betacoronavirus,C-Reactive Protein,CD3 Complex,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes,China,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Hypertension,Interleukin-6,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Renin-Angiotensin System,Retrospective Studies,Treatment Outcome,Viral Load,analysis,blood,complications,cytology,drug therapy,therapeutic use,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {757--760},
pmid = {32228222},
title = {{Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19  patients with hypertension.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chessa2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: By the end of February 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic infection had spread  in Northern Italy, with thousands of patients infected. In Lombardy, the most affected area, the majority of public and private hospitals were dedicated to caring for COVID-19 patients and were organized following the 'Hub-and-Spoke' model for other medical specialties, like cardiac surgery and interventional procedures for congenital cardiac disease (CHD). Here, we report how the congenital cardiac care system was modified in Lombardy and the first results of this organization. METHODS: We describe a modified 'Hub-and-Spoke' model - that involves 59 birthplaces and three specialized Congenital Cardiac Centers -- and how the hub center organized his activity. We also reported the data of the consecutive cases hospitalized during this period. RESULTS: From 9 March to 15 April, we performed: a total of 21 cardiac surgeries, 4 diagnostic catheterizations, 3 CT scans, and 2 CMR. In three cases with prenatal diagnosis, the birth was scheduled. The spoke centers referred to our center six congenital cardiac cases. The postop ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation support was required in two cases; one case died. None of these patients nor their parents or accompanying person was found to be COVID-19-positive; 2 pediatric intensivists were found to be COVID-19-positive, and needed hospitalization without mechanical ventilation; 13 nurses had positive COVID swabs (4 with symptoms), and were managed and isolated at home. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary data suggest that the model adopted met the immediate needs with a good outcome without increased mortality, nor COVID-19 exposure for the patients who underwent procedures.},
author = {Chessa, Massimo and Varrica, Alessandro and Andronache, Andreea and Carminati, Mario and Colli, Anna Maria and D'Aiello, Angelo Fabio and Ferrero, Paolo and Mannarino, Savina and Marcora, Simona and Marianeschi, Stefano Maria and Micheletti, Angelo and Piazza, Luciane and Saracino, Antonio and Uricchio, Nicola and Vignati, Gabriele and Giamberti, Alessandro},
doi = {10.2459/JCM.0000000000001055},
issn = {1558-2035 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {654--659},
pmid = {32740498},
title = {{Lombardy regional urgent reorganization for congenital cardiac patients following  the Covid-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ren2020b,
abstract = {In December 2019, a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan,  Hubei, and spread rapidly to China. The lung injury and repair caused by COVID-19 has many similarities with the onset and progression of interstitial lung disease (ILD) . Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish between COVID-19 and some types of new-onset ILD or other causes leading to acute exacerbation of ILD. Clinicians need to comprehensively analyze the epidemic history, disease onset characteristics, clinical manifestations, image characteristics, serological andpathogenic microorganism test results to confirm diagnosis. Because of this, the article will discuss the issues related to the differential diagnosis and management of COVID-19 and ILD, and try to provide reasonable suggestions.},
author = {Ren, Y H and Wang, S Y and Liu, M and Guo, Y M and Dai, H P},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200315-00339},
issn = {1001-0939 (Print)},
journal = {Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of  tuberculosis and respiratory diseases},
language = {chi},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {633--638},
pmid = {32198915},
title = {{[When COVID-19 encounters interstitial lung disease: challenges and management].}},
volume = {43},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{DeLima2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To prevent the spread of the The novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV), some  classic public health measures are being taken, such as social distancing and quarantine METHOD: Studies were identified using large-circulation international journals found in two electronic databases: Scopus and Embase. RESULTS: The prolonged confinement is evidently related to psychological damage, considering that individuals would be subjected to stressors for a longer period of time . In some cases, these psychic losses lasted for many months after the end of this confinement CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to develop and implement actions to minimize the population psychological distress in meeting the needs of the communities affected by COVID-19 Thus, as it occurred in China, it is necessary that the other affected nations promote the publication of regulations that guide the implementation of mental health services and the allocation of resources, in order to ensure that individuals are monitored by competent professionals, thus reducing the psychological damage that can be motivated by the social isolation period during the quarantine.},
author = {de Lima, Carlos Victor Chaves and C{\^{a}}ndido, Estelita Lima and da Silva, Jos{\'{e}} Arinelson and Albuquerque, Let{\'{i}}cia Viana and Soares, L{\'{i}}via de Menezes and do Nascimento, Mayara Maciel and de Oliveira, Sara Alves and Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim},
booktitle = {Journal of affective disorders},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.063},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {253--254},
pmid = {32734916},
title = {{Effects of quarantine on mental health of populations affected by Covid-19.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Mancini2020,
abstract = {The RNA purification is the gold standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in swab  samples, but it is dependent on the availability of chemical reagents. In this study, we evaluated the heat treatment method without RNA extraction as a reliable option to nucleic acid purification.},
author = {Mancini, Fabiola and Barbanti, Fabrizio and Scaturro, Maria and Errico, Giulia and Iacobino, Angelo and Bella, Antonino and Riccardo, Flavia and Marsili, Giulia and Stefanelli, Paola and Pezzotti, Patrizio and Rezza, Giovanni and Ciervo, Alessandra},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1775500},
institution = {on behalf ISS COVID-19 study group},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Hot Temperature,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA, Viral,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Specimen Handling,Viral Proteins,chemistry,diagnosis,genetics,isolation {\&} purification,methods,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1393--1396},
pmid = {32552549},
title = {{Laboratory management for SARS-CoV-2 detection: a user-friendly combination of the  heat treatment approach and rt-Real-time PCR testing.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Carlisle2020,
author = {Carlisle, Jennifer W and Jansen, Caroline S and Bilen, Mehmet Asim and Kissick, Haydn},
doi = {10.1530/ERC-20-0187},
issn = {1479-6821 (Electronic)},
journal = {Endocrine-related cancer},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Biomarkers,Biomedical Research,C-Reactive Protein,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes,Coronavirus Infections,HLA-DR Antigens,Humans,Immunotherapy,Interleukin-6,Neoplasms,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,analysis,blood,drug therapy,epidemiology,immunology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {C1--C8},
pmid = {32508308},
title = {{Considerations for cancer immunotherapy biomarker research during COVID-19.}},
volume = {27},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Tadesse2020,
abstract = {Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the outbreak of  coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as pandemic and public health emergency that infected more than 5 million people worldwide at the time of writing this protocol. Strong evidence for the burden, admission, and outcome of COVID-19 has not been published in Africa. Therefore, this protocol will be served as a guideline to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the burden, admission, and outcome of COVID-19 in Africa. Methods: Published and unpublished studies on the burden, admission, and outcome of COVID-19 in Africa and written in any language will be included. Databases (PubMed / MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Google, EMBASE, Web of Science, Microsoft Academic, WHO COVID-19 database, Cochran Library, Africa Wide Knowledge, and Africa Index Medicus) from December 2019 to May 2020 will be searched. Two independent reviewers will select, screen, extract data, and assess the risk of bias. The proportion will be measured using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis will be conducted to manage hetrogeinity. The presence of publication bias will be assessed using Egger's test and visual inspection of the funnel plots. This systematic and meta-analysis review protocol will be reported per the PRISMA-P guidelines. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol will be expected to quantify the burden, admission, and outcome of COVID-19 in Africa. Systematic review registration: This protocol was submitted for registration with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in March 2020 and accepted with the registration number: CRD42020179321(https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).},
author = {Tadesse, Degena Bahrey and Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn and Asefa, Guesh Gebreayezgi and Abay, Mebrahtu and Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1775499},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Africa,Betacoronavirus,Civil Defense,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Developing Countries,Humans,Incidence,Meta-Analysis as Topic,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Practice Guidelines as Topic,Systematic Reviews as Topic,World Health Organization,diagnosis,economics,epidemiology,isolation {\&} purification,methods,pathogenicity,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1372--1378},
pmid = {32538295},
title = {{The burden, admission, and outcome of COVID-19 in Africa: protocol for a systematic  review and meta-analysis.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lahmiri2020,
abstract = {We explore the evolution of the informational efficiency in 45 cryptocurrency  markets and 16 international stock markets before and during COVID-19 pandemic. The measures of Largest Lyapunov Exponent (LLE) based on the Rosenstein's method and Approximate Entropy (ApEn), which are robust to small samples, are applied to price time series in order to estimate degrees of stability and irregularity in cryptocurrency and international stock markets. The amount of regularity infers on the unpredictability of fluctuations. The t-test and F-test are performed on estimated LLE and ApEn. In total, 36 statistical tests are performed to check for differences between time periods (pre- versus during COVID-19 pandemic samples) on the one hand, as well as check for differences between markets (cryptocurrencies versus stocks), on the other hand. During the COVID-19 pandemic period it was found that (a) the level of stability in cryptocurrency markets has significantly diminished while the irregularity level significantly augmented, (b) the level of stability in international equity markets has not changed but gained more irregularity, (c) cryptocurrencies became more volatile, (d) the variability in stability and irregularity in equities has not been affected, (e) cryptocurrency and stock markets exhibit a similar degree of stability in price dynamics, whilst finally (f) cryptocurrency exhibit a low level of regularity compared to international equity markets. We find that cryptos showed more instability and more irregularity during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to international stock markets. Thus, from an informational efficiency perspective, investing in digital assets during big crises as the COVID-19 pandemic, could be considered riskier as opposed to equities.},
author = {Lahmiri, Salim and Bekiros, Stelios},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109936},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109936},
pmid = {32501379},
title = {{The impact of COVID-19 pandemic upon stability and sequential irregularity of equity  and cryptocurrency markets.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Nittari2020,
abstract = {The novel coronavirus, later identified as SARS-CoV-2, originating from Wuhan in  China in November 2019, quickly spread around the world becoming a pandemic. Despite the knowledge of previous coronaviruses, such as those responsible for the SARS and MERS-CoV epidemic, there is no drug or prophylaxis treatment to this day. The rapid succession of scientific findings on SARS-CoV-2 provides a significant number of potential drug targets. Nevertheless, at the same time, the high quantity of clinical data, generated by a large number of rapidly infected people, require accurate tests regarding effective medical treatments. Several in vitro and in vivo studies were rapidly initiated after the outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19. Initial clinical studies revealed the promising potential of remdesivir that demonstrated a powerful and specific in vitro antiviral activity for COVID-19. Promising effects appear to be attributable to hydroxychloroquine. Remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine are being tested in ongoing randomized trials. In contrast, oseltamivir was not effective and corticosteroids are not currently recommended. However, few data from ongoing clinical trials are identifying low molecular weight heparins, innate immune system stimulating agents, and inflammatory modulating agents as potential effective agents. The authors assume that the current pandemic will determine the need for a systematic approach based on big data analysis for identifying effective drugs to defeat SARS-Cov-2. This work is aimed to be a general reference point and to provide an overview as comprehensive as possible regarding the main clinical trials in progress at the moment.},
author = {Nittari, Giulio and Pallotta, Graziano and Amenta, Francesco and Tayebati, Seyed Khosrow},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173328},
issn = {1879-0712 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of pharmacology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {173328},
pmid = {32603692},
title = {{Current pharmacological treatments for SARS-COV-2: A narrative review.}},
volume = {882},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Coxon2020,
author = {Coxon, Kirstie and Turienzo, Cristina Fernandez and Kweekel, Liselotte and Goodarzi, Bahareh and Brigante, Lia and Simon, Agnes and Lanau, Miriam Morlans},
booktitle = {Midwifery},
doi = {10.1016/j.midw.2020.102779},
issn = {1532-3099 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {102779},
pmid = {32600862},
title = {{The impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on maternity care in Europe.}},
volume = {88},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chen2020b,
abstract = {During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, logistic problems  associated with specimen collection limited the SARS-CoV-2 testing, especially in the community. In this study, we assessed the use of posterior oropharyngeal saliva as specimens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in an automated point-of-care molecular assay. Archived nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and posterior oropharyngeal saliva specimens of 58 COVID-19 patients were tested with the Xpert({\textregistered}) Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in either NPS or saliva specimens of all patients. Among them, 84.5{\%} (49/58) tested positive in both NPS and saliva, 10.3{\%} (6/58) tested positive in NPS only, and 5.2{\%} (3/58) tested positive in saliva only. No significant difference in the detection rate was observed between NPS and saliva (McNemar's test p = 0.5078). The detection rate was slightly higher for N2 (NPS 94.8{\%} and Saliva 93.1{\%}) than that of the E gene target (Saliva: 89.7{\%} vs 82.8{\%}) on both specimen types. Significantly earlier median Ct value was observed for NPS comparing to that of saliva on both E (26.8 vs 29.7, p = 0.0002) and N2 gene target (29.3 vs 32.3, p = 0.0002). The median Ct value of E gene target was significantly earlier than that of the N2 gene target for both NPS (26.8 vs 29.3, p {\textless} 0.0001) and saliva (29.7 vs 32.3, p {\textless} 0.0001). In conclusion, posterior oropharyngeal saliva and NPS were found to have similar detection rates in the point-of-care test for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Since posterior oropharyngeal saliva can be collected easily, the use of saliva as an alternative specimen type for SARS-CoV-2 detection is recommended.},
author = {Chen, Jonathan Hon-Kwan and Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan and Poon, Rosana Wing-Shan and Chan, Kwok-Hung and Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung and Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai and Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo and Yuen, Kwok-Yung and To, Kelvin Kai-Wang},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1775133},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Adult,Betacoronavirus,Biological Assay,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Hong Kong,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Oropharynx,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Point-of-Care Systems,Saliva,Specimen Handling,Viral Envelope Proteins,diagnosis,epidemiology,instrumentation,isolation {\&} purification,methods,pathogenicity,standards,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1356--1359},
pmid = {32459137},
title = {{Evaluating the use of posterior oropharyngeal saliva in a point-of-care assay for  the detection of SARS-CoV-2.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Levene2020,
author = {Levene, Ariella and Dinneen, Ciara},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1784373},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1784373},
pmid = {32594902},
title = {{A letter to the editor: reflection on medical student volunteer role during the  coronavirus pandemic.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Pinna2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To report neurological manifestations seen in patients hospitalized with  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a large academic medical center in Chicago, Illinois. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data records of 50 patients with COVID-19 who were evaluated by the neurology services from March 1, 2020 - April 30, 2020. Patients were categorized into 2 groups based on timing of developing neurological manifestations: the "Neuro first" group had neurological manifestations upon initial assessment, and the "COVID first" group developed neurological symptoms greater than 24 h after hospitalization. The demographics, comorbidities, disease severity and neurological symptoms and diagnoses of both groups were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients (48{\%} African American and 24{\%} Latino) were included in the analysis. Most common neurological manifestations observed were encephalopathy (n = 30), cerebrovascular disease (n = 20), cognitive impairment (n = 13), seizures (n = 13), hypoxic brain injury (n = 7), dysgeusia (n = 5), and extraocular movement abnormalities (n = 5). The "COVID-19 first" group had more evidence of physiologic disturbances on arrival with a more severe/critical disease course (83.3{\%} vs 53.8{\%}, p 0.025). CONCLUSION: Neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 are highly variable and can occur prior to the diagnosis of or as a complication of the viral infection. Despite similar baseline comorbidities and demographics, the COVID-19 patients who developed neurologic symptoms later in hospitalization had more severe disease courses. Differently from previous studies, we noted a high percentage of African American and Latino individuals in both groups.},
author = {Pinna, Pranusha and Grewal, Parneet and Hall, Julianne P and Tavarez, Tachira and Dafer, Rima M and Garg, Rajeev and Osteraas, Nicholas D and Pellack, Danielle R and Asthana, Anjali and Fegan, Kelsey and Patel, Vikram and Conners, James J and John, Sayona and Silva, Ivan Da},
doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2020.116969},
issn = {1878-5883 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of the neurological sciences},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Chicago,Comorbidity,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Nervous System Diseases,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Retrospective Studies,Tertiary Care Centers,Time Factors,epidemiology,physiopathology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {116969},
pmid = {32570113},
title = {{Neurological manifestations and COVID-19: Experiences from a tertiary care center at  the Frontline.}},
volume = {415},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Dooley2020,
abstract = {Because SARS-CoV-2 spreads easily and healthcare workers are at increased risk of  both acquiring and transmitting infection, all healthcare facilities must rapidly and rigorously implement the full hierarchy of established infection controls: source control (removal or mitigation of infection sources), engineering and environmental controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment.},
author = {Dooley, Samuel W and Frieden, Thomas R},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2020.394},
issn = {1559-6834 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--9},
pmid = {32741405},
title = {{We Must Rigorously Follow Basic Infection Control Procedures to Protect Our  Healthcare Workers from SARS-CoV-2.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zhao2020a,
author = {Zhao, Wenpeng and Wang, Yu and Tang, Yanfen and Zhao, Wen and Fan, Ying and Liu, Gang and Chen, Rongqian and Song, Rui and Zhou, Wenyan and Liu, Yanyan and Zhang, Fujie},
doi = {10.1177/0009922820928057},
issn = {1938-2707 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinical pediatrics},
keywords = {Adolescent,Betacoronavirus,Child,Child, Preschool,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Male,Pandemics,Patient Discharge,Pneumonia, Viral,Retrospective Studies,diagnosis,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9-10},
pages = {929--932},
pmid = {32462940},
title = {{Characteristics of Children With Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection After Hospital  Discharge.}},
volume = {59},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zheng2020,
abstract = {Diverse SARS-like coronaviruses (SL-CoVs) have been identified from bats and other  animal species. Like SARS-CoV, some bat SL-CoVs, such as WIV1, also use angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from human and bat as entry receptor. However, whether these viruses can also use the ACE2 of other animal species as their receptor remains to be determined. We report herein that WIV1 has a broader tropism to ACE2 orthologs than SARS-CoV isolate Tor2. Among the 9 ACE2 orthologs examined, human ACE2 exhibited the highest efficiency to mediate the infection of WIV1 pseudotyped virus. Our findings thus imply that WIV1 has the potential to infect a wide range of wild animals and may directly jump to humans. We also showed that cell entry of WIV1 could be restricted by interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs). However, WIV1 could exploit the airway protease TMPRSS2 to partially evade the IFITM3 restriction. Interestingly, we also found that amphotericin B could enhance the infectious entry of SARS-CoVs and SL-CoVs by evading IFITM3-mediated restriction. Collectively, our findings further underscore the risk of exposure to animal SL-CoVs and highlight the vulnerability of patients who take amphotericin B to infection by SL-CoVs, including the most recently emerging (SARS-CoV-2).},
author = {Zheng, Mei and Zhao, Xuesen and Zheng, Shuangli and Chen, Danying and Du, Pengcheng and Li, Xinglin and Jiang, Dong and Guo, Ju-Tao and Zeng, Hui and Lin, Hanxin},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1787797},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Animals,Betacoronavirus,Chiroptera,HEK293 Cells,Humans,Membrane Proteins,Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A,RNA-Binding Proteins,Rats,Receptors, Virus,SARS Virus,Serine Endopeptidases,Virus Internalization,Viverridae,classification,metabolism,physiology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1567--1579},
pmid = {32602823},
title = {{Bat SARS-Like WIV1 coronavirus uses the ACE2 of multiple animal species as receptor  and evades IFITM3 restriction via TMPRSS2 activation of membrane fusion.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Lim2020,
author = {Lim, Jia Yin and Lie, Sui An and Ong, Yee Yian},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109891},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109891},
pmid = {32450477},
title = {{Hardware versus heartware: The need to address psychological well-being among  operating room staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Daughton2020,
abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic (Coronavirus disease 2019) continues to expose countless  unanticipated problems at all levels of the world's complex, interconnected society - global domino effects involving public health and safety, accessible health care, food security, stability of economies and financial institutions, and even the viability of democracies. These problems pose immense challenges that can voraciously consume human and capital resources. Tracking the initiation, spread, and changing trends of Covid-19 at population-wide scales is one of the most daunting challenges, especially the urgent need to map the distribution and magnitude of Covid-19 in near real-time. Other than pre-exposure prophylaxis or therapeutic treatments, the most important tool is the ability to quickly identify infected individuals. The mainstay approach for epidemics has long involved the large-scale application of diagnostic testing at the individual case level. However, this approach faces overwhelming challenges in providing fast surveys of large populations. An epidemiological tool developed and refined by environmental scientists over the last 20 years (Wastewater-Based Epidemiology - WBE) holds the potential as a key tool in containing and mitigating Covid-19 outbreaks while also minimizing domino effects such as unnecessarily long stay-at-home policies that stress humans and economies alike. WBE measures chemical signatures in sewage, such as fragment biomarkers from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), simply by applying the type of clinical diagnostic testing (designed for individuals) to the collective signature of entire communities. As such, it could rapidly establish the presence of Covid-19 infections across an entire community. Surprisingly, this tool has not been widely embraced by epidemiologists or public health officials. Presented is an overview of why and how governments should exercise prudence and begin evaluating WBE and coordinating development of a standardized WBE methodology - one that could be deployed within nationalized monitoring networks to provide intercomparable data across nations.},
author = {Daughton, Christian G},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139631},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Epidemiological Monitoring,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA, Viral,Waste Water,epidemiology,isolation {\&} purification,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139631},
pmid = {32474280},
title = {{Wastewater surveillance for population-wide Covid-19: The present and future.}},
volume = {736},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Pallotto2020,
author = {Pallotto, Carlo and Suardi, Lorenzo Roberto and Esperti, Sara and Tarquini, Roberto and Grifoni, Elisa and Meini, Simone and Valoriani, Alice and {Di Martino}, Stefania and Cei, Francesco and Sisti, Eleonora and Piani, Fiorella and Botta, Annarita and Salomoni, Elena and Baragli, Filippo and Blanc, Pierluigi},
booktitle = {Infectious diseases (London, England)},
doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1778178},
issn = {2374-4243 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes,Coronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Critical Illness,Disease Progression,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Retrospective Studies,Risk Factors},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {675--677},
pmid = {32543971},
title = {{Increased CD4/CD8 ratio as a risk factor for critical illness in coronavirus disease  2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective multicentre study.}},
volume = {52},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Franklin2020,
abstract = {There is evidence that the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2,  which causes COVID-19, is of animal origin. As with a number of zoonotic pathogens, there is a risk of spillover into novel hosts. Here, we propose a hypothesized conceptual model that illustrates the mechanism whereby the SARS-CoV-2 could spillover from infected humans to naive wildlife hosts in North America. This proposed model is premised on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from human feces through municipal waste water treatment plants into the natural aquatic environment where potential wildlife hosts become infected. We use the existing literature on human coronaviruses, including SARS CoV, to support the potential pathways and mechanisms in the conceptual model. Although we focus on North America, our conceptual model could apply to other parts of the globe as well.},
author = {Franklin, Alan B and Bevins, Sarah N},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139358},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Animals,Animals, Wild,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Feces,Humans,Models, Biological,North America,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Waste Disposal, Fluid,Waste Water,Water Pollutants,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139358},
pmid = {32416535},
title = {{Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 into novel wild hosts in North America: A conceptual model  for perpetuation of the pathogen.}},
volume = {733},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Morawska2020,
abstract = {During the rapid rise in COVID-19 illnesses and deaths globally, and notwithstanding  recommended precautions, questions are voiced about routes of transmission for this pandemic disease. Inhaling small airborne droplets is probable as a third route of infection, in addition to more widely recognized transmission via larger respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected people or contaminated surfaces. While uncertainties remain regarding the relative contributions of the different transmission pathways, we argue that existing evidence is sufficiently strong to warrant engineering controls targeting airborne transmission as part of an overall strategy to limit infection risk indoors. Appropriate building engineering controls include sufficient and effective ventilation, possibly enhanced by particle filtration and air disinfection, avoiding air recirculation and avoiding overcrowding. Often, such measures can be easily implemented and without much cost, but if only they are recognised as significant in contributing to infection control goals. We believe that the use of engineering controls in public buildings, including hospitals, shops, offices, schools, kindergartens, libraries, restaurants, cruise ships, elevators, conference rooms or public transport, in parallel with effective application of other controls (including isolation and quarantine, social distancing and hand hygiene), would be an additional important measure globally to reduce the likelihood of transmission and thereby protect healthcare workers, patients and the general public.},
author = {Morawska, Lidia and Tang, Julian W and Bahnfleth, William and Bluyssen, Philomena M and Boerstra, Atze and Buonanno, Giorgio and Cao, Junji and Dancer, Stephanie and Floto, Andres and Franchimon, Francesco and Haworth, Charles and Hogeling, Jaap and Isaxon, Christina and Jimenez, Jose L and Kurnitski, Jarek and Li, Yuguo and Loomans, Marcel and Marks, Guy and Marr, Linsey C and Mazzarella, Livio and Melikov, Arsen Krikor and Miller, Shelly and Milton, Donald K and Nazaroff, William and Nielsen, Peter V and Noakes, Catherine and Peccia, Jordan and Querol, Xavier and Sekhar, Chandra and Sepp{\"{a}}nen, Olli and Tanabe, Shin-Ichi and Tellier, Raymond and Tham, Kwok Wai and Wargocki, Pawel and Wierzbicka, Aneta and Yao, Maosheng},
booktitle = {Environment international},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2020.105832},
issn = {1873-6750 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Aerosols,Air Microbiology,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Crowding,Disinfection,Filtration,Humans,Inhalation Exposure,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Ventilation,instrumentation,prevention {\&} control,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {105832},
pmid = {32521345},
title = {{How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?}},
volume = {142},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Liu2020e,
author = {Liu, Cindy H and Doan, Stacey N},
doi = {10.1177/0009922820927044},
issn = {1938-2707 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinical pediatrics},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Caregivers,Child,Child Development,Child Welfare,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Parent-Child Relations,Parenting,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk Factors,Social Support,Stress, Psychological,epidemiology,etiology,psychology,statistics {\&} numerical data},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9-10},
pages = {853--855},
pmid = {32462929},
title = {{Psychosocial Stress Contagion in Children and Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}},
volume = {59},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ahmadi2020,
abstract = {SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronavirus cases are confirmed throughout the world and  millions of people are being put into quarantine. A better understanding of the effective parameters in infection spreading can bring about a logical measurement toward COVID-19. The effect of climatic factors on spreading of COVID-19 can play an important role in the new Coronavirus outbreak. In this study, the main parameters, including the number of infected people with COVID-19, population density, intra-provincial movement, and infection days to end of the study period, average temperature, average precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and average solar radiation investigated to understand how can these parameters effects on COVID-19 spreading in Iran? The Partial correlation coefficient (PCC) and Sobol'-Jansen methods are used for analyzing the effect and correlation of variables with the COVID-19 spreading rate. The result of sensitivity analysis shows that the population density, intra-provincial movement have a direct relationship with the infection outbreak. Conversely, areas with low values of wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation exposure to a high rate of infection that support the virus's survival. The provinces such as Tehran, Mazandaran, Alborz, Gilan, and Qom are more susceptible to infection because of high population density, intra-provincial movements and high humidity rate in comparison with Southern provinces.},
author = {Ahmadi, Mohsen and Sharifi, Abbas and Dorosti, Shadi and {Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi}, Saeid and Ghanbari, Negar},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138705},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Outbreaks,Iran,Meteorology,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138705},
pmid = {32361432},
title = {{Investigation of effective climatology parameters on COVID-19 outbreak in Iran.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Law2020,
author = {Law, Siukan and Leung, Albert Wingnang and Xu, Chuanshan},
doi = {10.1016/j.imr.2020.100474},
issn = {2213-4220 (Print)},
journal = {Integrative medicine research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {100474},
pmid = {32742919},
title = {{Is the traditional Chinese herb "Artemisia annua" possible to fight against  COVID-19?}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{SalazardePablo2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care workers (HCW) are at high risk of developing physical/mental  health outcomes related to coronavirus syndromes. Nature and frequency of these outcomes are undetermined. METHODS: PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant (PROSPERO-CRD42020180205) systematic review of Web of Science/grey literature until 15th April 2020, to identify studies reporting physical/mental health outcomes in HCW infected/exposed to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -SARS-, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome -MERS-, Novel coronavirus -COVID-19-. Proportion random effect meta-analyses, I(2) statistic, quality assessment and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: 115 articles were included (n=60,458 HCW, age 36.1±7.1, 77.1{\%} female). Physical health outcomes: 75.9{\%} HCW infected by SARS/MERS/COVID-19 reported fever (95{\%}CI=65.9-83.7{\%}, k=12, n=949), 47.9{\%} cough (95{\%}CI=39.2-56.8{\%}, k=14, n=970), 43.6{\%} myalgias (95{\%}CI=31.9-56.0{\%}, k=13, n=898), 42.3{\%} chills (95{\%}CI=20.2-67.9{\%}, k=7, n=716), 41.2{\%} fatigue (95{\%}CI=18.2-68.8{\%}, k=6, n=386), 34.6{\%} headaches (95{\%}CI=23.1-48.2{\%}, k=11, n=893), 31.2{\%} dyspnoea (95{\%}CI=23.2-40.5{\%}, k=12, n=1003), 25.3{\%} sore throat (95{\%}CI=18.8-33.2{\%}, k=8, n=747), 22.2{\%} nausea/vomiting (95{\%}CI=14.9-31.8{\%}, k=6, n=662), 18.8{\%} diarrhoea (95{\%}CI=11.9-28.4{\%}, k=9, n=824). Mental health outcomes: 62.5{\%} HCW exposed to SARS/MERS/COVID-19 reported general health concerns (95{\%}CI=57.0-67,8{\%}, k=2, n=2254), 43.7{\%} fear (95{\%}CI=33.9-54.0{\%}, k=4, n=584), 37.9{\%} insomnia (95{\%}CI=30.9-45.5{\%}, k=6, n=5067), 37.8{\%} psychological distress (95{\%}CI=28.4-48.2{\%}, k=15, n=24,346), 34.4{\%} burnout (95{\%}CI=19.3-53.5{\%}, k=3, n=1337), 29.0{\%} anxiety features (95{\%}CI=14.2-50.3{\%}, k=6, n=9191), 26.3{\%} depressive symptoms (95{\%}CI=12.5-47.1{\%}, k=8, n=9893), 20.7{\%} post-traumatic stress disorder features (95{\%}CI=13.2-31{\%}, k=11, n=3826), 16.1{\%} somatisation (95{\%}CI=0.2-96.0{\%}, k=2, n=2184), 14.0{\%} stigmatisation feelings (95{\%}CI=6.4-28.1{\%}, k=2, n=411). LIMITATIONS: Limited amount of evidence for some outcomes and suboptimal design in several studies included. CONCLUSIONS: SARS/MERS/COVID-19 have a substantial impact on the physical and mental health of HCW, which should become a priority for public health strategies.},
author = {Salazar de Pablo, Gonzalo and Vaquerizo-Serrano, Julio and Catalan, Ana and Arango, Celso and Moreno, Carmen and Ferre, Francisco and Shin, Jae Il and Sullivan, Sarah and Brondino, Natascia and Solmi, Marco and Fusar-Poli, Paolo},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.022},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {48--57},
pmid = {32658823},
title = {{Impact of coronavirus syndromes on physical and mental health of health care  workers: Systematic review and meta-analysis.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chikhale2020,
abstract = {Recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has  led to a pandemic of COVID-19. The absence of a therapeutic drug and vaccine is causing severe loss of life and economy worldwide. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 employ the host cellular serine protease TMPRSS2 for spike (S) protein priming for viral entry into host cells. A potential way to reduce the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be to inhibit the activity of TMPRSS2. In the current study, the three-dimensional structure of TMPRSS2 was generated by homology modelling and subsequently validated with a number of parameters. The structure-based virtual screening of Selleckchem database was performed through 'Virtual Work Flow' (VSW) to find out potential lead-like TMPRSS2 inhibitors. Camostat and bromhexine are known TMPRSS2 inhibitor drugs, hence these were used as control molecules throughout the study. Based on better dock score, binding-free energy and binding interactions compared to the control molecules, six molecules (Neohesperidin, Myricitrin, Quercitrin, Naringin, Icariin, and Ambroxol) were found to be promising against the TMPRSS2. Binding interactions analysis revealed a number of significant binding interactions with binding site amino residues of TMPRSS2. The all-atoms molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study indicated that all proposed molecules retain inside the receptor in dynamic states. The binding energy calculated from the MD simulation trajectories also favour the strong affinity of the molecules towards the TMPRSS2. Proposed molecules belong to the bioflavonoid class of phytochemicals and are reported to possess antiviral activity, our study indicates their possible potential for application in COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
author = {Chikhale, Rupesh V and Gupta, Vivek K and Eldesoky, Gaber E and Wabaidur, Saikh M and Patil, Shripad A and Islam, Md Ataul},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1798813},
issn = {1538-0254 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure {\&} dynamics},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--16},
pmid = {32741259},
title = {{Identification of potential anti-TMPRSS2 natural products through homology  modelling, virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation studies.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Amanat2020,
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the city  of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late 2019. Since then, the virus has spread globally and caused a pandemic. Assays that can measure the antiviral activity of antibodies or antiviral compounds are needed for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and drug development. Here, we describe in detail a microneutralization assay, which can be used to assess in a quantitative manner if antibodies or drugs can block entry and/or replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. {\textcopyright} 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Microneutralization assay to test inhibition of virus by antibodies (purified antibodies or serum/plasma) Basic Protocol 2: Screening of anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds in vitro Support Protocol: SARS-CoV-2 propagation.},
author = {Amanat, Fatima and White, Kris M and Miorin, Lisa and Strohmeier, Shirin and McMahon, Meagan and Meade, Philip and Liu, Wen-Chun and Albrecht, Randy A and Simon, Viviana and Martinez-Sobrido, Luis and Moran, Thomas and Garc{\'{i}}a-Sastre, Adolfo and Krammer, Florian},
doi = {10.1002/cpmc.108},
issn = {1934-8533 (Electronic)},
journal = {Current protocols in microbiology},
keywords = {Animals,Antibodies, Viral,Betacoronavirus,Chlorocebus aethiops,Coronavirus Infections,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical,Humans,Mice,Neutralization Tests,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Vero Cells,Virus Internalization,Virus Replication,drug effects,immunology,methods,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {1},
pages = {e108},
pmid = {32585083},
title = {{An In Vitro Microneutralization Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Serology and Drug Screening.}},
volume = {58},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Choi2020,
abstract = {A diagnosis of Brugada pattern in pediatric or adolescent patients is rare. COVID-19  is characterized by fevers and a pro-inflammatory state, which may serve as inciting factors for Brugada pattern. Recently described in two adult patients, we report the first case of Brugada pattern in an adolescent with COVID-19.},
author = {Choi, Nak Hyun and Silver, Eric S and Fremed, Michael and Liberman, Leonardo},
doi = {10.1017/S1047951120002619},
issn = {1467-1107 (Electronic)},
journal = {Cardiology in the young},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--9},
pmid = {32741394},
title = {{COVID-19 Reveals Brugada Pattern in an Adolescent Patient.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Auler2020,
abstract = {This study aimed to analyze how meteorological conditions such as temperature,  humidity and rainfall can affect the spread of COVID-19 in five Brazilian (S{\~{a}}o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bras{\'{i}}lia, Manaus and Fortaleza) cities. The cities selected were those with the largest number of confirmed cases considering data of April 13. Variables such as number of cumulative cases, new daily cases and contamination rate were employed for this study. Our results showed that higher mean temperatures and average relative humidity favored the COVID-19 transmission, differently from reports from coldest countries or periods of time under cool temperatures. Thus, considering the results obtained, intersectoral policies and actions are necessary, mainly in cities where the contamination rate is increasing rapidly. Thus, prevention and protection measures should be adopted in these cities aiming to reduce transmission and the possible collapse of the health system.},
author = {Auler, A C and C{\'{a}}ssaro, F A M and da Silva, V O and Pires, L F},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139090},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Brazil,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Humidity,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Temperature,Tropical Climate},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139090},
pmid = {32388137},
title = {{Evidence that high temperatures and intermediate relative humidity might favor the  spread of COVID-19 in tropical climate: A case study for the most affected Brazilian cities.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Hussein2020,
author = {Hussein, Julia},
booktitle = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1746065},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Delivery of Health Care,Human Rights,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Reproductive Health,Reproductive Health Services,Reproductive Rights},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1746065},
pmid = {32191167},
title = {{COVID-19: What implications for sexual and reproductive health and rights globally?}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Vankadari2020,
abstract = {The morbidity of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is reaching 3 Million landmark causing and a  serious public health concern globally and it is enigmatic how several antiviral and antibody treatments were not effective in the different period across the globe. With the drastic increasing number of positive cases around the world WHO raised the importance in the assessment of the risk of spread and understanding genetic modifications that could have occurred in the SARS-CoV-2. Using all available deep sequencing data of complete genome from all over the world (NCBI repository), we identified several hundreds of point mutations or SNPs in SARS-CoV-2 all across the genome. This could be the cause for the constant change and differed virulence with an increase in mortality and morbidity. Among the 12 different countries (one sequence from each country) with complete genome sequencing data, we noted the 47 key point mutations or SNPs located along the entire genome that might have impact in the virulence and response to different antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, key viral proteins of spike glycoprotein, Nsp1, RdRp and the ORF8 region got heavily mutated within these 3 months via person-to-person passage. We also discuss what could be the possible cause of this rapid mutation in the SARS-CoV-2.},
author = {Vankadari, Naveen},
booktitle = {Gene},
doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2020.144792},
issn = {1879-0038 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Americas,Asia,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Drug Resistance, Viral,Europe,Genome, Viral,Humans,Pandemics,Phylogeny,Pneumonia, Viral,Point Mutation,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus,Viral Proteins,classification,epidemiology,genetics,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {144792},
pmid = {32445924},
title = {{Overwhelming mutations or SNPs of SARS-CoV-2: A point of caution.}},
volume = {752},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Huang2020b,
abstract = {The objective of this report is to better understand the initial CT imaging spectrum  and the relationship between clinical characteristics and initial CT imaging features of an imported family cluster cases involving 7 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. We find that initial CT findings of 4 patients were positive within one week after the onset of symptoms and 1 patient was negative before the onset of symptoms. Two asymptomatic patients had typical CT abnormalities. The initial CT imaging manifestations are mainly peripheral or subpleural ground-glass opacities and ground-glass with consolidation. Our report is of potential guiding value for the initial CT screening of imported familial cluster cases since the imported cases have an identified time of infection.},
author = {Huang, Lele and Jiang, Jian and Li, Xiaoping and Zhou, Yonghuai and Xu, Mingjun and Zhou, Junlin},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.010},
issn = {1873-4499 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinical imaging},
keywords = {Adult,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Infant,Lung,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Tomography, X-Ray Computed,diagnostic imaging,pathology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {78--81},
pmid = {32361413},
title = {{Initial CT imaging characters of an imported family cluster of COVID-19.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ahmed-Belkacem2020,
abstract = {The spreading of new viruses is known to provoke global human health threat. The  current COVID-19 pandemic caused by the recently emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is one significant and unfortunate example of what the world will have to face in the future with emerging viruses in absence of appropriate treatment. The discovery of potent and specific antiviral inhibitors and/or vaccines to fight these massive outbreaks is an urgent research priority. Enzymes involved in the capping pathway of viruses and more specifically RNA N7- or 2'O-methyltransferases (MTases) are now admitted as potential targets for antiviral chemotherapy. We designed bisubstrate inhibitors by mimicking the transition state of the 2'-O-methylation of the cap RNA in order to block viral 2'-O MTases. This work resulted in the synthesis of 16 adenine dinucleosides with both adenosines connected by various nitrogen-containing linkers. Unexpectedly, all the bisubstrate compounds were barely active against 2'-O MTases of several flaviviruses or SARS-CoV but surprisingly, seven of them showed efficient and specific inhibition against SARS-CoV N7-MTase (nsp14) in the micromolar to submicromolar range. The most active nsp14 inhibitor identified is as potent as but particularly more specific than the broad-spectrum MTase inhibitor, sinefungin. Molecular docking suggests that the inhibitor binds to a pocket formed by the S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) and cap RNA binding sites, conserved among SARS-CoV nsp14. These dinucleoside SAM analogs will serve as starting points for the development of next inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 N7-MTase.},
author = {Ahmed-Belkacem, Rostom and Sutto-Ortiz, Priscila and Guiraud, Mathis and Canard, Bruno and Vasseur, Jean-Jacques and Decroly, Etienne and Debart, Fran{\c{c}}oise},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112557},
issn = {1768-3254 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of medicinal chemistry},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {112557},
pmid = {32563813},
title = {{Synthesis of adenine dinucleosides SAM analogs as specific inhibitors of SARS-CoV  nsp14 RNA cap guanine-N7-methyltransferase.}},
volume = {201},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mekaoui2020,
author = {Mekaoui, Nour and Razine, Rachid and Bassat, Quique and Benjelloun, Badr Sououd and Karboubi, Lamya},
doi = {10.1093/tropej/fmaa046},
issn = {1465-3664 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of tropical pediatrics},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32744305},
title = {{The Effect of COVID-19 on Paediatric Emergencies and Admissions in Morocco: Cannot  See the Forest for the Trees?}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Herman2020a,
abstract = {• Consider using regional anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic whenever possible.  • The presence of COVID-19 infection is not a contraindication to performing neuraxial anesthesia. • An experienced provider should perform regional anesthesia procedures. • If possible, patient consent should be obtained verbally or digitally. • Avoiding the aerosolizing nature of general anesthesia can further protect providers and other patients.},
author = {Herman, Jared A and Urits, Ivan and Kaye, Alan D and Urman, Richard D and Viswanath, Omar},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109885},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109885},
pmid = {32454343},
title = {{COVID-19: Recommendations for regional anesthesia.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Kapoor2020,
abstract = {• COVID-19 virus is primarily transmitted between humans through respiratory  droplets and contact routes. • Transportation of COVID-19 patient carries very high transmission risk to personals involved. • Worldwide, clinicians are using many measures that can be executed easily to prevent aerosol exposure.},
author = {Kapoor, Indu and Prabhakar, Hemanshu and Mahajan, Charu},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109931},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Intubation, Intratracheal,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109931},
pmid = {32470841},
title = {{Transference of COVID-19 patient in hospitals - A crucial phase.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Orive2020,
abstract = {Sewage can be used to determine the scale of COVID-19 outbreak. Sewage Epidemiology  or Waste Based Epidemiology (WBE) approach has been successfully used to track and provide early warnings of outbreaks of pathogenic viruses such as Hepatitis A, Poliovirus and Norovirus. In untreated wastewater COVID-19 (excreted via faeces then introduced to wastewater) can survive from hours to days. Detection of COVID-19 can be carried out with nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, used for confirmation of COVID-19 patients around the globe. New cheaper and faster monitoring tools are being developed to detect Covid-19 in wastewater by biosensors, ELISA, or paper-based indicator methods. This will allow to reveal true scale of Covid-19 outbreak associated with population link to a specific wastewater treatment plant.},
author = {Orive, Gorka and Lertxundi, Unax and Barcelo, Damia},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139298},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Outbreaks,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139298},
pmid = {32417555},
title = {{Early SARS-CoV-2 outbreak detection by sewage-based epidemiology.}},
volume = {732},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lokot2020,
author = {Lokot, Michelle and Avakyan, Yeva},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1764748},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Health Services Accessibility,Health Status Disparities,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Relief Work,Reproductive Health,Sexual Health,Young Adult},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1764748},
pmid = {32366190},
title = {{Intersectionality as a lens to the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for sexual and  reproductive health in development and humanitarian contexts.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{IzolTorun2020,
author = {İzol Torun, Ayşe Nur},
booktitle = {International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift  fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition},
doi = {10.1024/0300-9831/a000670},
issn = {0300-9831 (Print)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--2},
pmid = {32744166},
title = {{Is vitamin C an effective agent for the prevention of COVID-19 and treatment of  severe infection in the ICU?}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Byrnes2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND {\&} OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting cancellation of medical  student clinical rotations pose unique challenges to students' educations, the impact of which has not yet been explored. DESIGN: This cross-sectional survey study collected responses from 13 April 2020 until 30 April 2020. Students at US allopathic medical schools completed the survey online. RESULTS: 1,668 responses were analyzed. A total of 337 (20.2{\%}) respondents thought the pandemic would affect their choice of specialty, with differences across class years: 15.2{\%} (53) of first-years (MS1s), 26.4{\%} (92) of second-years (MS2s), 23.7{\%} (162) of third-years (MS3s), and 9.7{\%} (22) of fourth-years (MS4s) (p {\textless} 0.0001). Among all classes, the most common reason chosen was inability to explore specialties of interest (244, 72.4{\%}), and the second was inability to bolster their residency application (162, 48.1{\%}). Out of the MS3s who chose the latter, the majority were concerned about recommendation letters (68, 81.0{\%}) and away rotations (62, 73.8{\%}). As high as 17.4{\%} (119) of MS3s said they were more likely to take an extra year during medical school as a result of the pandemic. Region of the US, number of local COVID cases, and number of local COVID deaths had no effect on whether respondents thought the pandemic would affect their specialty choice. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that about one-fifth of surveyed medical students currently believe that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect their choice of specialty, with many of these citing concerns that they cannot explore specialties or obtain recommendation letters. With prolonged suspension of clinical rotations, targeted efforts by medical schools to address these concerns through enhanced virtual curriculum development and advising strategies will become increasingly important. Further study is needed to explore whether these cross-sectional student perspectives will manifest as changes in upcoming National Residency Matching Program data.},
author = {Byrnes, Yasmeen M and Civantos, Alyssa M and Go, Beatrice C and McWilliams, Tara L and Rajasekaran, Karthik},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1798088},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1798088},
pmid = {32706306},
title = {{Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical student career perceptions: a national  survey study.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Singhal2020a,
author = {Singhal, Rishi},
booktitle = {Obesity surgery},
doi = {10.1007/s11695-020-04663-5},
issn = {1708-0428 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Abdominal Pain,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Gastric Bypass,Hernia, Abdominal,Humans,Laparoscopes,Obesity, Morbid,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Tomography, X-Ray Computed,surgery},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {3600},
pmid = {32385662},
title = {{Reply to: COVID-19 Digestive Symptoms Mimicking Internal Hernia Presentation After  Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass; Comment on "Internal Hernia in the Times of COVID-19: to Laparoscope or Not to Laparoscope?".}},
volume = {30},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Kojima2020,
author = {Kojima, Yuki and Aoyama, Kanae and Yamagata, Kazuaki and Sugimura, Mitsutaka},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109876},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Aerosols,Airway Extubation,Coronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Intubation, Intratracheal},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109876},
pmid = {32502759},
title = {{A modified barrier enclosure to prevent viral aerosol transmission during  endotracheal intubation and extubation of patients with coronavirus disease.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Pati2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The goal of this systematic review is to assess the published literature  for seizure risk with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine therapy in persons with and without epilepsy. With the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a desperate need for treatment against the SARS CoV-2 virus. Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is one proposed medication that has received substantial public attention. However, the package insert states that these medications may provoke seizures in patients with epilepsy, and this has resulted in increased questions and anxiety in the epilepsy community. METHODS: PubMed (1970 to March 27, 2020) and the Embase (1970 to March 27, 2020) were searched with the terms chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine and seizure or epilepsy, convulsions, or status epilepticus. Selected studies were reviewed, and the adverse drug reaction was classified. RESULTS: Only eleven out of 31 studies were deemed eligible for systematic analysis. For chloroquine, eligible studies were- one prospective study(n = 109), two case series(n = 6), and six case reports. The dose of chloroquine ranged between 100-500 mg/day, except in one patient with a seizure, who was after taking 1000 mg. For hydroxychloroquine, there was one prospective observational study(n = 631) and one case report. The clinical trials failed to find any significant relation between seizures and chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. CONCLUSION: Although the package insert describes an increased risk of seizure, the systematic review highlights that such a statement is not supported by class I evidence. Clinicians, therefore, need to understand that data regarding this specific topic is limited to case series and case reports. There is no substantial evidence to suggest that these medications can increase seizure risk.},
author = {Pati, Sandipan and Houston, Thomas},
doi = {10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106399},
issn = {1872-6844 (Electronic)},
journal = {Epilepsy research},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Betacoronavirus,Chloroquine,Coronavirus Infections,Epilepsy,Female,Humans,Hydroxychloroquine,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk Factors,Seizures,Young Adult,adverse effects,chemically induced,drug effects,drug therapy,prevention {\&} control,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {106399},
pmid = {32559589},
title = {{Assessing the risk of seizures with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine therapy for  COVID-19 in persons with epilepsy.}},
volume = {165},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Arowoshola2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the delivery of medical education and has limited  the ability of student parents to fully engage with their studies. Student parents have been faced with additional challenges such as increased childcare roles and home-schooling responsibilities, splitting their focus. Identifying the issues student parents face and adopting workable solutions at all levels, will ensure the best outcomes for these students and better preparedness for the future.},
author = {Arowoshola, Lola},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1788799},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Education, Distance,Education, Medical,Humans,Internet,Pandemics,Parents,Pneumonia, Viral,epidemiology,organization {\&} administration,psychology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1788799},
pmid = {32608339},
title = {{Medical education engagement during the COVID-19 era - A student parents  perspective.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Somma2020,
abstract = {The present study aimed at assessing the impact of demographic characteristics,  maladaptive personality traits and causal beliefs about COVID-19 on perceived emotional problems in a sample of Italian community-dwelling adults (N = 1043) in the first month of the social distancing period due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis results showed that dysfunctional personality domains and non-scientifically supported causal beliefs explained all the variance that was originally explained by demographic variables (i.e., age and gender). In particular, negative affectivity and detachment represented relevant risk factors for reduced emotional well-being in our sample. A significant positive association was observed also between emotional problems and supernatural causal beliefs on the COVID-19 infection. Our data supported the importance of considering the impact of quarantine measures on psychological well-being, while suggesting possible risk factors related to individual differences in personality and causal beliefs.},
author = {Somma, Antonella and Gialdi, Giulia and Krueger, Robert F and Markon, Kristian E and Frau, Claudia and Lovallo, Silvia and Fossati, Andrea},
doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2020.110139},
issn = {0191-8869 (Print)},
journal = {Personality and individual differences},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {110139},
pmid = {32501318},
title = {{Dysfunctional personality features, non-scientifically supported causal beliefs, and  emotional problems during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.}},
volume = {165},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bentata2020a,
author = {Bentata, Yassamine},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1781378},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1781378},
pmid = {32552578},
title = {{COVID 2019 pandemic: a true digital revolution and birth of a new educational era,  or an ephemeral phenomenon?}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Deng2020,
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 3 million people and caused more than 240,000  death globally. Among the COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of people with other chronic diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and coronary heart disease is much higher than others. More strikingly, the survival rate of diabetic patients is also much lower than in non-diabetic patients. In addition to the general damage of high glucose to cells and tissues, a recent discovery that high glucose activates interferon regulatory factor 15 promotes influenza virus -induced cytokine storm. This discovery may shed light on the high incidence of diabetes in COVID-19. Several diabetes prevention strategies together with recent significant data-driven diabetes prediction approaches, which may help COVID-19 treatments, have been proposed.},
author = {Deng, Mingyan and Jiang, Ling and Ren, Yan and Liao, Jiayu},
booktitle = {Medicine in drug discovery},
doi = {10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100048},
issn = {2590-0986 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100048},
pmid = {32551437},
title = {{Can We Reduce Mortality of COVID-19 if We do Better in Glucose Control?}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Dixon2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel case of coronavirus disease 2019  (COVID-19)-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) in a patient with aplastic anemia where there was early brain stem-predominant involvement. METHODS: Evaluation of cause, clinical symptoms, and treatment response. RESULTS: A 59-year-old woman with a background of transfusion-dependent aplastic anemia presented with seizures and reduced level of consciousness 10 days after the onset of subjective fever, cough, and headache. Nasopharyngeal swab testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was positive, and CT during admission demonstrated diffuse swelling of the brain stem. She required intubation and mechanical ventilation for airway protection, given her reduced level of consciousness. The patient's condition deteriorated, and MRI on day 6 demonstrated worsening brain stem swelling with symmetrical hemorrhagic lesions in the brain stem, amygdalae, putamina, and thalamic nuclei. Appearances were consistent with hemorrhagic ANE with early brain stem involvement. The patient showed no response to steroid therapy and died on the eighth day of admission. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 may be associated with an acute severe encephalopathy and, in this case, was considered most likely to represent an immune-mediated phenomenon. As the pandemic continues, we anticipate that the spectrum of neurologic presentation will broaden. It will be important to delineate the full clinical range of emergent COVID-19-related neurologic disease.},
author = {Dixon, Luke and Varley, James and Gontsarova, Anastassia and Mallon, Dermot and Tona, Francesca and Muir, David and Luqmani, Asad and Jenkins, Ieuan Harri and Nicholas, Richard and Jones, Brynmor and Everitt, Alex},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000789},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {Amygdala,Anemia, Aplastic,Brain Edema,Brain Stem,Coronavirus Infections,Dexamethasone,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Fatal Outcome,Female,Glucocorticoids,Humans,Intracranial Hemorrhages,Leukoencephalitis, Acute Hemorrhagic,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Platelet Transfusion,Pneumonia, Viral,Putaminal Hemorrhage,Respiration, Artificial,Seizures,Thalamic Nuclei,Tomography, X-Ray Computed,complications,diagnostic  imaging,diagnostic imaging,etiology,physiopathology,therapeutic use,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32457227},
title = {{COVID-19-related acute necrotizing encephalopathy with brain stem involvement in a  patient with aplastic anemia.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yang2020a,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization characterized the Coronavirus disease 2019  (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 11th. Many clinical trials on COVID-19 have been registered, and we aim to review the study characteristics and provide guidance for future trials to avoid duplicated effort. METHODS: Studies on COVID-19 registered before March 3rd, 2020 on eight registry platforms worldwide were searched and the data of design, participants, interventions, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-three studies were identified and 380 (96.7{\%}) were from mainland China, while 3 in Japan, 3 in France, 2 in the US, and 3 were international collaborative studies. Two hundred and sixty-six (67.7{\%}) aimed at therapeutic effect, others were for prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, etc. Two hundred and two studies (51.4{\%}) were randomized controlled trials. Two third of therapeutic studies tested Western medicines including antiviral drugs (17.7{\%}), stem cell and cord blood therapy (10.2{\%}), chloroquine and derivatives (8.3{\%}), 16 (6.0{\%}) on Chinese medicines, and 73 (27.4{\%}) on integrated therapy of Western and Chinese medicines. Thirty-one studies among 266 therapeutic studies (11.7{\%}) used mortality as primary outcome, while the most designed secondary outcomes were symptoms and signs (47.0{\%}). Half of the studies (45.5{\%}) had not started recruiting till March 3rd. CONCLUSION: Inappropriate outcome setting, delayed recruitment and insufficient numbers of new cases in China implied many studies may fail to complete. Strategies and protocols of the studies with robust and rapid data sharing are warranted for emergency public health events, helping the timely evidence-based decision-making.},
author = {Yang, Ming and Shang, Ya-Xi and Tian, Zi-Yu and Xiong, Min and Lu, Chun-Li and Jiang, Yue and Zhang, Yao and Zhang, Ying-Ying and Jin, Xin-Yan and Jin, Qiu-Bai and Zhang, Ying and Willcox, Merlin L and Liu, Jian-Ping},
doi = {10.1016/j.imr.2020.100426},
issn = {2213-4220 (Print)},
journal = {Integrative medicine research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {100426},
pmid = {32483523},
title = {{Characteristics of registered studies for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A  systematic review.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Liang2020,
abstract = {The purposes of this study was to assess the youth mental health after the  coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) occurred in China two weeks later, and to investigate factors of mental health among youth groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted two weeks after the occurrence of COVID-19 in China. A total of 584 youth enrolled in this study and completed the question about cognitive status of COVID-19, the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12), the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Negative coping styles scale. Univariate analysis and univariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on youth mental health. The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that nearly 40.4{\%} the sampled youth were found to be prone to psychological problems and 14.4{\%} the sampled youth with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Univariate logistic regression revealed that youth mental health was significantly related to being less educated (OR = 8.71, 95{\%}CI:1.97-38.43), being the enterprise employee (OR = 2.36, 95{\%}CI:1.09-5.09), suffering from the PTSD symptom (OR = 1.05, 95{\%}CI:1.03-1.07) and using negative coping styles (OR = 1.03, 95{\%}CI:1.00-1.07). Results of this study suggest that nearly 40.4{\%} of the youth group had a tendency to have psychological problems. Thus, this was a remarkable evidence that infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, may have an immense influence on youth mental health. Therefor, local governments should develop effective psychological interventions for youth groups, moreover, it is important to consider the educational level and occupation of the youth during the interventions.},
author = {Liang, Leilei and Ren, Hui and Cao, Ruilin and Hu, Yueyang and Qin, Zeying and Li, Chuanen and Mei, Songli},
doi = {10.1007/s11126-020-09744-3},
issn = {1573-6709 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Psychiatric quarterly},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {841--852},
pmid = {32319041},
title = {{The Effect of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health.}},
volume = {91},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sicard2020,
abstract = {The effect of lockdown due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on air  pollution in four Southern European cities (Nice, Rome, Valencia and Turin) and Wuhan (China) was quantified, with a focus on ozone (O(3)). Compared to the same period in 2017-2019, the daily O(3) mean concentrations increased at urban stations by 24{\%} in Nice, 14{\%} in Rome, 27{\%} in Turin, 2.4{\%} in Valencia and 36{\%} in Wuhan during the lockdown in 2020. This increase in O(3) concentrations is mainly explained by an unprecedented reduction in NO(x) emissions leading to a lower O(3) titration by NO. Strong reductions in NO(2) mean concentrations were observed in all European cities, {\~{}}53{\%} at urban stations, comparable to Wuhan (57{\%}), and {\~{}}65{\%} at traffic stations. NO declined even further, {\~{}}63{\%} at urban stations and {\~{}}78{\%} at traffic stations in Europe. Reductions in PM(2.5) and PM(10) at urban stations were overall much smaller both in magnitude and relative change in Europe ({\~{}}8{\%}) than in Wuhan ({\~{}}42{\%}). The PM reductions due to limiting transportation and fuel combustion in institutional and commercial buildings were partly offset by increases of PM emissions from the activities at home in some of the cities. The NO(x) concentrations during the lockdown were on average 49{\%} lower than those at weekends of the previous years in all cities. The lockdown effect on O(3) production was {\~{}}10{\%} higher than the weekend effect in Southern Europe and 38{\%} higher in Wuhan, while for PM the lockdown had the same effect as weekends in Southern Europe ({\~{}}6{\%} of difference). This study highlights the challenge of reducing the formation of secondary pollutants such as O(3) even with strict measures to control primary pollutant emissions. These results are relevant for designing abatement policies of urban pollution.},
author = {Sicard, Pierre and {De Marco}, Alessandra and Agathokleous, Evgenios and Feng, Zhaozhong and Xu, Xiaobin and Paoletti, Elena and Rodriguez, Jos{\'{e}} Jaime Di{\'{e}}guez and Calatayud, Vicent},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139542},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,China,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Environmental Monitoring,Europe,Humans,Nitrogen Dioxide,Ozone,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral,analysis},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139542},
pmid = {32447070},
title = {{Amplified ozone pollution in cities during the COVID-19 lockdown.}},
volume = {735},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mishra2020a,
abstract = {In this article, we develop a mathematical model considering susceptible, exposed,  infected, asymptotic, quarantine/isolation and recovered classes as in case of COVID-19 disease. The facility of quarantine/isolation have been provided to both exposed and infected classes. Asymptotic individuals either recovered without undergo treatment or moved to infected class after some duration. We have formulated the reproduction number for the proposed model. Elasticity and sensitivity analysis indicates that model is more sensitive towards the transmission rate from exposed to infected classes rather than transmission rate from susceptible to exposed class. Analysis of global stability for the proposed model is studied through Lyapunov's function.},
author = {Mishra, A M and Purohit, S D and Owolabi, K M and Sharma, Y D},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109953},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109953},
pmid = {32565620},
title = {{A nonlinear epidemiological model considering asymptotic and quarantine classes for  SARS CoV-2 virus.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lin2020,
abstract = {The purpose of this case report is to describe the radiographic and clinical  features of a COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan, China.},
author = {Lin, Chen and Chen, Zixian and Xie, Bin and Sun, Zhujian and Ding, Yuxiao and Li, Xiaogang and Niu, Meng and Guo, Shunlin and Lei, Junqiang},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.023},
issn = {1873-4499 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinical imaging},
keywords = {Aged,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Lung,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Tomography, X-Ray Computed,diagnostic imaging,pathology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {82--84},
pmid = {32361535},
title = {{COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan: An  analysis of the radiographic and clinical features.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lotfi2020,
abstract = {The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute  respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global challenge. Despite intense research efforts worldwide, an effective vaccine and viable treatment options have eluded investigators. Therefore, infection prevention, early viral detection and identification of successful treatment protocols provide the best approach in controlling disease spread. In this review, current therapeutic options, preventive methods and transmission routes of COVID-19 are discussed.},
author = {Lotfi, Melika and Hamblin, Michael R and Rezaei, Nima},
doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.044},
issn = {1873-3492 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
keywords = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones,Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Clinical Trials as Topic,Coronavirus Infections,Drug Repositioning,Humans,Immunization, Passive,Immunologic Factors,Molecular Targeted Therapy,Pandemics,Personal Protective Equipment,Pneumonia, Viral,Social Distance,Viral Vaccines,biosynthesis,drug effects,epidemiology,methods,pathogenicity,prevention {\&} control,therapeutic use,therapy,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {254--266},
pmid = {32474009},
title = {{COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities.}},
volume = {508},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ahmar2020,
abstract = {This study aimed to predict the short-term of confirmed cases of covid-19 and IBEX  in Spain by using SutteARIMA method. Confirmed data of Covid-19 in Spanish was obtained from Worldometer and Spain Stock Market data (IBEX 35) was data obtained from Yahoo Finance. Data started from 12 February 2020-09 April 2020 (the date on Covid-19 was detected in Spain). The data from 12 February 2020-02 April 2020 using to fitting with data from 03 April 2020 - 09 April 2020. Based on the fitting data, we can conducted short-term forecast for 3 future period (10 April 2020 - 12 April 2020 for Covid-19 and 14 April 2020 - 16 April 2020 for IBEX). In this study, the SutteARIMA method will be used. For the evaluation of the forecasting methods, we applied forecasting accuracy measures, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Based on the results of ARIMA and SutteARIMA forecasting methods, it can be concluded that the SutteARIMA method is more suitable than ARIMA to calculate the daily forecasts of confirmed cases of Covid-19 and IBEX in Spain. The MAPE value of 0.036 (smaller than 0.03 compared to MAPE value of ARIMA) for confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Spain and was in the amount of 0.026 for IBEX stock. At the end of the analysis, this study used the SutteARIMA method, this study calculated daily forecasts of confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Spain from 10 April 2020 until 12 April 2020 i.e. 158925; 164390; and 169969 and Spain Stock Market from 14 April 2020 until 16 April 2020 i.e. 7000.61; 6930.61; and 6860.62.},
author = {Ahmar, Ansari Saleh and {Del Val}, Eva Boj},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138883},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Models, Economic,Models, Statistical,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Spain},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138883},
pmid = {32361446},
title = {{SutteARIMA: Short-term forecasting method, a case: Covid-19 and stock market in  Spain.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Fredj2020,
abstract = {Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an extremely serious infection with an extremely  high death rate worldwide. In March, the disease was declared a "global pandemic" by the World Health Organization (WHO). Until now, there is no known vaccine or drug, since the unknown things related to the disease are more important than our theoretical and empirical knowledge. However, mathematical modeling and the estimation of the basic number of reproductions can provide clarifications in order to determine the potential and severity of this epidemic and therefore provide essential information to identify the type of measures and interventions to be taken to control the intensity of the spread of the disease. Hence, in this paper, we propose a new deterministic compartmental model based on the clinical progression of the disease, the epidemiological state of the individuals and the intervention for the dynamics of COVID-19 infections. Our approach consists of seven phenotypes: the susceptible humans, exposed humans, infectious humans, the recovered humans, the quarantine population, there recovered-exposed and deceased population. We proved first through mathematical approach the positivity, boundness and existence of a solution to the considered model. We also studied the existence of the disease free equilibrium and corresponding stability. Our work shows, in particular, that the disease will decrease if the number of reproduction R (0) was less than one. Moreover, the impact of the quarantine strategies to reduce the spread of this disease is discussed. The theoretical results are validated by some numerical simulations of the system of the epidemic's differential equations. It should be mentioned that, the error between the considered model and the official data curve is quite small.},
author = {Fredj, Haifa Ben and Ch{\'{e}}rif, Farouk},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109969},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109969},
pmid = {32536761},
title = {{Novel Corona virus disease infection in Tunisia: Mathematical model and the impact  of the quarantine strategy.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ruiz2020,
author = {Ruiz, John M and Revenson, Tracey A},
doi = {10.1093/abm/kaaa057},
issn = {1532-4796 (Electronic)},
journal = {Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32744324},
title = {{Behavioral Medicine in the COVID-19 Era: Dawn of the Golden Age.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hashemzadeh2020,
abstract = {Recent advances in virus-like nanoparticles against Middle East respiratory  syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) can initiate vaccine production faster for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), while ensuring the safety, easy administration, and long-term effects. Patients with this viral pathogen suffer from excess mortality. MERS-CoV can spread through bioaerosol transmission from animal or human sources. The appearance of an outbreak in South Korea sparked off a strong urge to design strategies for developing an effective vaccine since the emergence of MERS-CoV in 2012. Well unfortunately, this is an important fact in virus risk management. The studies showed that virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) could be effective in its goal of stopping the symptoms of MERS-CoV infection. Besides, due to the genetic similarities in the DNA sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 with MERS-CoV and the first identified severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) in China since 2002/2003, strategic approaches could be used to manage SARS-CoV 2. Gathering the vital piece of information obtained so far could lead to a breakthrough in the development of an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, which is prioritized and focussed by the World Health Organization (WHO). This review focuses on the virus-like nanoparticle that got successful results in animal models of MERS-CoV.},
author = {Hashemzadeh, Alireza and Avan, Amir and Ferns, Gordon A and Khazaei, Majid},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.003},
issn = {1873-2518 (Electronic)},
journal = {Vaccine},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {36},
pages = {5742--5746},
pmid = {32684497},
title = {{Vaccines based on virus-like nano-particles for use against Middle East Respiratory  Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus.}},
volume = {38},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Prince2020,
author = {Prince, Melanie A},
doi = {10.1097/NCM.0000000000000458},
issn = {1932-8095 (Electronic)},
journal = {Professional case management},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {285--286},
pmid = {32732804},
title = {{Case Managers in the COVID-19 Environment ... Resist, Recharge, Regroup.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Clark2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is not just a health crisis - it is a full-blown economic and  social crisis that is impacting the lives and livelihoods of billions of people. This commentary examines the mutually dependent relationship between health security and universal health coverage (UHC), and how the longstanding underinvestment in both renders us all vulnerable. It also discusses the vulnerability of services for sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in times of crisis, which is compounded when these services are not included and well integrated into national UHC packages. It concludes with a call for stronger political leadership for UHC and SRHR as the global community strives to "build back better" after COVID-19.},
author = {Clark, Helen and Gruending, Anna},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1781583},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Health Services Accessibility,Health Status,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Politics,Reproductive Health,Reproductive Rights,Sexual Health,Universal Health Insurance,epidemiology,organization {\&} administration,standards},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {2},
pages = {1781583},
pmid = {32543338},
title = {{Invest in health and uphold rights to "build back better" after COVID-19.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Radmanesh2020,
author = {Radmanesh, Alireza and Derman, Anna and Ishida, Koto},
booktitle = {Journal of the neurological sciences},
doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2020.116945},
issn = {1878-5883 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Hypoxia, Brain,Leukoencephalopathies,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,White Matter,complications,diagnostic imaging,isolation {\&} purification,pathology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {116945},
pmid = {32480073},
title = {{COVID-19-associated delayed posthypoxic necrotizing leukoencephalopathy.}},
volume = {415},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Parekh2020,
author = {Parekh, Raj M and Lai, Yan H},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109883},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Anesthetics,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Tracheostomy},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109883},
pmid = {32447168},
title = {{COVID-19 patients for tracheostomy: Anesthetic and team considerations.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Huang2020a,
abstract = {It is essential to know the environmental parameters within which the severe acute  respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can survive to understand its global dispersal pattern. We found that 60.0{\%} of the confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in places where the air temperature ranged from 5 °C to 15 °C, with a peak in cases at 11.54 °C. Moreover, approximately 73.8{\%} of the confirmed cases were concentrated in regions with absolute humidity of 3 g/m(3) to 10 g/m(3). SARS-CoV-2 appears to be spreading toward higher latitudes. Our findings suggest that there is an optimal climatic zone in which the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 markedly increases in the ambient environment (including the surfaces of objects). These results strongly imply that the COVID-19 pandemic may spread cyclically and outbreaks may recur in large cities in the mid-latitudes in autumn 2020.},
author = {Huang, Zhongwei and Huang, Jianping and Gu, Qianqing and Du, Pengyue and Liang, Hongbin and Dong, Qing},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139487},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Cities,Climate,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Temperature,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139487},
pmid = {32479958},
title = {{Optimal temperature zone for the dispersal of COVID-19.}},
volume = {736},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Han2020,
abstract = {Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, it has  rapidly spread across many other countries. While the majority of patients were considered mild, critically ill patients involving respiratory failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome are not uncommon, which could result death. We hypothesized that cytokine storm is associated with severe outcome. We enrolled 102 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Renmin Hospital (Wuhan, China). All patients were classified into moderate, severe and critical groups according to their symptoms. 45 control samples of healthy volunteers were also included. Inflammatory cytokines and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) profiles of serum samples were analyzed by specific immunoassays. Results showed that COVID-19 patients have higher serum level of cytokines (TNF-$\alpha$, IFN-$\gamma$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) and CRP than control individuals. Within COVID-19 patients, serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels are significantly higher in critical group (n = 17) than in moderate (n = 42) and severe (n = 43) group. The levels of IL-10 is positively correlated with CRP amount (r = 0.41, P {\textless} 0.01). Using univariate logistic regression analysis, IL-6 and IL-10 are found to be predictive of disease severity and receiver operating curve analysis could further confirm this result (AUC = 0.841, 0.822 respectively). Our result indicated higher levels of cytokine storm is associated with more severe disease development. Among them, IL-6 and IL-10 can be used as predictors for fast diagnosis of patients with higher risk of disease deterioration. Given the high levels of cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2, treatment to reduce inflammation-related lung damage is critical.},
author = {Han, Huan and Ma, Qingfeng and Li, Cong and Liu, Rui and Zhao, Li and Wang, Wei and Zhang, Pingan and Liu, Xinghui and Gao, Guosheng and Liu, Fang and Jiang, Yingan and Cheng, Xiaoming and Zhu, Chengliang and Xia, Yuchen},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1770129},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Biomarkers,C-Reactive Protein,China,Coronavirus Infections,Critical Illness,Cytokine Release Syndrome,Cytokines,Humans,Interleukin-10,Interleukin-6,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,analysis,blood,diagnosis,immunology,physiopathology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1123--1130},
pmid = {32475230},
title = {{Profiling serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients reveals IL-6 and IL-10 are disease  severity predictors.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Paganelli2020,
author = {Paganelli, Giovanni and Bodei, Lisa and Modlin, Irvin},
booktitle = {European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging},
doi = {10.1007/s00259-020-04904-w},
issn = {1619-7089 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {10},
pages = {2223--2226},
pmid = {32564170},
title = {{A metastatic tumor is no different to a viral pandemic: lessons learnt from COVID-19  may teach us to change the PRRT paradigm.}},
volume = {47},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Djilali2020,
abstract = {In this research, we are interested in predicting the epidemic peak outbreak of the  Coronavirus in South Africa, Turkey, and Brazil. Until now, there is no known safe treatment, hence the immunity system of the individual has a crucial role in recovering from this contagious disease. In general, the aged individuals probably have the highest rate of mortality due to COVID-19. It is well known that this immunity system can be affected by the age of the individual, so it is wise to consider an age-structured SEIR system to model Coronavirus transmission. For the COVID-19 epidemic, the individuals in the incubation stage are capable of infecting the susceptible individuals. All the mentioned points are regarded in building the responsible predictive mathematical model. The investigated model allows us to predict the spread of COID-19 in South Africa, Turkey, and Brazil. The epidemic peak outbreak in these countries is considered, and the estimated time of the end of infection is regarded by the help of some numerical simulations. Further, the influence of the isolation of the infected persons on the spread of COVID-19 disease is investigated.},
author = {Djilali, Salih and Ghanbari, Behzad},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109971},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109971},
pmid = {32536762},
title = {{Coronavirus pandemic: A predictive analysis of the peak outbreak epidemic in South  Africa, Turkey, and Brazil.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Mahmood2020,
author = {Mahmood, Syed Nazeer and Talish, Mishaal and Wallach, Daniel J and King, Fred and Ramdeen, Sheena K and Woods, Christian J and Ruiz, Maria Elena},
booktitle = {Infectious diseases (London, England)},
doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1776894},
issn = {2374-4243 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Negative Results,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction,diagnosis},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {671--674},
pmid = {32644029},
title = {{Third time's the charm: COVID-19 testing issues.}},
volume = {52},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Lu2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) has been spreading  worldwide, and tracking laboratory indexes during the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 can provide a reference for patients in other countries and regions. METHODS: We closely tracked the epidemiological history, diagnosis and treatment process, as well as dynamic changes in routine blood indicators, of a severe COVID-19 patient who was hospitalized for 26 days. RESULTS: Our study found that the patient's condition worsened in the first week after admission, white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelets (PLT) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) decreased. On the 7th day of admission, the levels of these cells decreased to their lowest values, though the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level remained at high values. From 8 to 14 days of admission, the patient's condition improved, hypoxemia was corrected, and mechanical ventilation was discontinued. The number of WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes increased gradually, and the erythrocyte parameters stopped declining and stabilized in a certain range; CRP decreased rapidly. On the 20th day of admission, the nucleic acid test was negative, WBC, neutrophil, CRP, NLR and PLR decreased gradually, and monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts increased. Although RBCs and hemoglobin (Hb) levels continued to decrease, RDW gradually increased, indicating the recovery of hematopoiesis. In addition, it should be noted that monocytes and eosinophils were at extremely low levels within 10 days after admission; the recovery time of eosinophils was approximately 12 days after admission, which was earlier than other parameters, which might be of great value in judging the progress of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic changes in routine blood parameters might be helpful for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and evaluation of the treatment effect.},
author = {Lu, Guoguang and Wang, Jing},
booktitle = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.034},
issn = {1873-3492 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Anti-Bacterial Agents,Betacoronavirus,Biomarkers,Blood Platelets,C-Reactive Protein,Cell Count,Convalescence,Coronavirus Infections,Erythrocytes,Female,Humans,Middle Aged,Monocytes,Neutrophils,Oseltamivir,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prognosis,Respiration, Artificial,Severity of Illness Index,blood,diagnosis,drug effects,metabolism,pathogenicity,pathology,physiopathology,therapeutic use,therapy,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {98--102},
pmid = {32405079},
title = {{Dynamic changes in routine blood parameters of a severe COVID-19 case.}},
volume = {508},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Anmella2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with  comorbid psychiatric disorders poses several challenges, especially regarding drug interactions. METHODS: We report three representative case-scenarios on patients with psychiatric disorders and COVID-19 to provide a practical approach based on the existing literature and the clinical experience of an expert team in consultation-liaison psychiatry. CASE-CENTERED RECOMMENDATIONS: Psychopharmacological ongoing treatments should be prioritized and most doses should be reduced 25-50{\%} of original dose if the patient receives lopinavir/ritonavir, with some exceptions including quetiapine, asenapine, olanzapine, sertraline, lamotrigine, bupropion, and methadone. If the psychopharmacological usual doses are in the low-to-median range levels, a dose change during COVID-19 drugs co-administration is not recommended, but only ECG and clinical monitoring of adverse effects and drug levels if required. Furthermore, when introducing a psychopharmacological drug, dose titration should be progressive, with ECG monitoring if cardiotoxic interactions are present. (A) In agitated delirium, olanzapine is recommended as first-line antipsychotic and quetiapine should be avoided. (B) In severe mental illness (SMI), essential treatments should be maintained. (C) In non-SMI with depressive/anxiety symptoms, psychological support should be provided and symptoms identified and treated. LIMITATIONS: Most recommendations on pharmacological interactions provide only a limited qualitative approach and quantitative recommendations are lacking. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with psychiatric disorders and COVID-19 should be managed on a personalized basis considering several clinical criteria and, should not be excluded from receiving COVID-19 treatments. Risks of pharmacological interaction are not absolute and should be contextualized, and most psychopharmacological treatments should include an ECG with special attention to QTc interval.},
author = {Anmella, G and Arbelo, N and Fico, G and Murru, A and Llach, C D and Madero, S and Gomes-da-Costa, S and Imaz, M L and L{\'{o}}pez-Pelayo, H and Vieta, E and Pintor, L},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.149},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
keywords = {Aged,Anti-Anxiety Agents,Antidepressive Agents,Antipsychotic Agents,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Inpatients,Male,Mental Disorders,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Psychiatry,Referral and Consultation,complications,psychology,therapeutic use,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {1062--1067},
pmid = {32663933},
title = {{COVID-19 inpatients with psychiatric disorders: Real-world clinical recommendations  from an expert team in consultation-liaison psychiatry.}},
volume = {274},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chia2020,
abstract = {In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by  SARS-CoV-2, multiple diagnostic tests are required for acute disease diagnosis, contact tracing, monitoring asymptomatic infection rates and assessing herd immunity. While PCR remains the frontline test of choice in the acute diagnostic setting, serological tests are urgently needed. Unlike PCR tests which are highly specific, cross-reactivity is a major challenge for COVID-19 antibody tests considering there are six other coronaviruses known to infect humans. SARS-CoV is genetically related to SARS-CoV-2 sharing approximately 80{\%} sequence identity and both belong to the species SARS related coronavirus in the genus Betacoronavirus of family Coronaviridae. We developed and compared the performance of four different serological tests to comprehensively assess the cross-reactivity between COVID-19 and SARS patient sera. There is significant cross-reactivity when N protein of either virus is used. The S1 or RBD regions from the spike (S) protein offers better specificity. Amongst the different platforms, capture ELISA performed best. We found that SARS survivors all have significant levels of antibodies remaining in their blood 17 years after infection. Anti-N antibodies waned more than anti-RBD antibodies, and the latter is known to play a more important role in providing protective immunity.},
author = {Chia, Wan Ni and Tan, Chee Wah and Foo, Randy and Kang, Adrian Eng Zheng and Peng, Yilong and Sivalingam, Velraj and Tiu, Charles and Ong, Xin Mei and Zhu, Feng and Young, Barnaby E and Chen, Mark I-C and Tan, Yee-Joo and Lye, David C and Anderson, Danielle E and Wang, Lin-Fa},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1780951},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Antibodies, Viral,Betacoronavirus,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Cross Reactions,Diagnosis, Differential,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay,HEK293 Cells,Humans,Immunoprecipitation,Nucleocapsid Proteins,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Protein Domains,SARS Virus,Serologic Tests,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus,blood,diagnosis,immunology,isolation {\&} purification,methods},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1497--1505},
pmid = {32529906},
title = {{Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Randazzo2020,
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than  200,000 reported COVID-19 cases in Spain resulting in more than 20,800 deaths as of April 21, 2020. Faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from COVID-19 patients has extensively been reported. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in six wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs) serving the major municipalities within the Region of Murcia (Spain), the area with the lowest COVID-19 prevalence within Iberian Peninsula. Firstly, an aluminum hydroxide adsorption-precipitation concentration method was validated using a porcine coronavirus (Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, PEDV) and mengovirus (MgV). The procedure resulted in average recoveries of 10 ± 3.5{\%} and 10 ± 2.1{\%} in influent water (n = 2) and 3.3 ± 1.6{\%} and 6.2 ± 1.0{\%} in effluent water (n = 2) samples for PEDV and MgV, respectively. Then, the method was used to monitor the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 from March 12 to April 14, 2020 in influent, secondary and tertiary effluent water samples. By using the real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) Diagnostic Panel validated by US CDC that targets three regions of the virus nucleocapsid (N) gene, we estimated quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA titers in untreated wastewater samples of 5.4 ± 0.2 log(10) genomic copies/L on average. Two secondary water samples resulted positive (2 out of 18) and all tertiary water samples tested as negative (0 out 12). This environmental surveillance data were compared to declared COVID-19 cases at municipality level, revealing that members of the community were shedding SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their stool even before the first cases were reported by local or national authorities in many of the cities where wastewaters have been sampled. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in early stages of the spread of COVID-19 highlights the relevance of this strategy as an early indicator of the infection within a specific population. At this point, this environmental surveillance could be implemented by municipalities right away as a tool, designed to help authorities to coordinate the exit strategy to gradually lift its coronavirus lockdown.},
author = {Randazzo, Walter and Truchado, Pilar and Cuevas-Ferrando, Enric and Sim{\'{o}}n, Pedro and Allende, Ana and S{\'{a}}nchez, Gloria},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2020.115942},
issn = {1879-2448 (Electronic)},
journal = {Water research},
keywords = {Animals,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prevalence,RNA,SARS Virus,Spain,Swine,Waste Water},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {115942},
pmid = {32425251},
title = {{SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence  area.}},
volume = {181},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Birch2020,
abstract = {Online teaching for medical students is not an unusual tool used in medical  education. Alongside clinical placements, medical students are familiar with online teaching platforms from various members of the faculty. However, the new and necessary method of examining medical students from their own home during the Covid-19 Pandemic is a novel approach. It is vital that medical students continue to be examined, as this establishes the attainment of the curriculum learning outcomes.},
author = {Birch, Elizabeth and de Wolf, Maisie},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1785680},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Curriculum,Education, Distance,Education, Medical,Educational Measurement,Humans,Internet,Learning,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Schools, Medical,Teaching,epidemiology,organization {\&} administration,standards},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1785680},
pmid = {32594865},
title = {{A novel approach to medical school examinations during the COVID-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Liao2020,
author = {Liao, Shu-Chen and Chang, Yan-Shing and Chien, Li-Yin},
doi = {10.1016/j.midw.2020.102756},
issn = {1532-3099 (Electronic)},
journal = {Midwifery},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {102756},
pmid = {32591236},
title = {{The maternity response to COVID-19: An example from one maternity unit in Taiwan.}},
volume = {88},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Duffey2020,
abstract = {We analyze the process of infection rate growth and decline for the recent global  pandemic, applying a new method to the available global data. We describe and utilize an original approach based on statistical physics to predict the societal transmission timescale and the universal recovery trajectory resulting from the countermeasures implemented in entire societies. We compare the whole-society infection growth rates for many countries and local regions, to illustrate the common physical and mathematical basis for the viral spread and infection rate reduction, and validate the theory and resulting correlations. We show that methods traditionally considered for the numerical analysis and the control of individual virus transmission (e.g. ℜ(0) scaling) represent one special case of the theory, and also compare our results to the available IHME computer model outcomes. We proceed to illustrate several interesting features of the different approaches to the mitigation of the pandemic, related to social isolation and "lockdown" tactics. Finally, we use presently available data from many countries to make actual predictions of the time needed for securing minimum infection rates in the future, highlighting the differences that emerge between isolated "islands" and mobile cities, and identifying the desired overall recovery trajectory.},
author = {Duffey, Romney B and Zio, Enrico},
doi = {10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104854},
issn = {0925-7535 (Print)},
journal = {Safety science},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {104854},
pmid = {32518471},
title = {{Prediction of CoVid-19 infection, transmission and recovery rates: A new analysis  and global societal comparisons.}},
volume = {129},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Azar2020,
abstract = {In light of the most challenging public health crisis of modern history, COVID-19  mortality continues to rise at an alarming rate. Patients with co-morbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus (DM) seem to be more prone to severe symptoms and appear to have a higher mortality rate. In this review, we elucidate suggested mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of patients with diabetes to infection with SARS-CoV-2 with a more severe COVID-19 disease. The worsened prognosis of COVID-19 patients with DM can be attributed to a facilitated viral uptake assisted by the host's receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It can also be associated with a higher basal level of pro-inflammatory cytokines present in patients with diabetes, which enables a hyperinflammatory "cytokine storm" in response to the virus. This review also suggests a link between elevated levels of IL-6 and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and their role in exacerbating diabetes-induced complications and insulin resistance. If further studied, these findings could help identify novel therapeutic intervention strategies for patients with diabetes comorbid with COVID-19.},
author = {Azar, William S and Njeim, Rachel and Fares, Angie H and Azar, Nadim S and Azar, Sami T and {El Sayed}, Mazen and Eid, Assaad A},
doi = {10.1007/s11154-020-09573-6},
issn = {1573-2606 (Electronic)},
journal = {Reviews in endocrine {\&} metabolic disorders},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32743793},
title = {{COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mahmudpour2020,
abstract = {Patients with COVID-19 who require ICU admission might have the cytokine storm. It  is a state of out-of-control release of a variety of inflammatory cytokines. The molecular mechanism of the cytokine storm has not been explored extensively yet. The attachment of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as its cellular receptor, triggers complex molecular events that leads to hyperinflammation. Four molecular axes that may be involved in SARS-CoV-2 driven inflammatory cytokine overproduction are addressed in this work. The virus-mediated down-regulation of ACE2 causes a burst of inflammatory cytokine release through dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (ACE/angiotensin II/AT1R axis), attenuation of Mas receptor (ACE2/MasR axis), increased activation of [des-Arg9]-bradykinin (ACE2/bradykinin B1R/DABK axis), and activation of the complement system including C5a and C5b-9 components. The molecular clarification of these axes will elucidate an array of therapeutic strategies to confront the cytokine storm in order to prevent and treat COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome.},
author = {Mahmudpour, Mehdi and Roozbeh, Jamshid and Keshavarz, Mohsen and Farrokhi, Shokrollah and Nabipour, Iraj},
doi = {10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155151},
issn = {1096-0023 (Electronic)},
journal = {Cytokine},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {155151},
pmid = {32544563},
title = {{COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation.}},
volume = {133},
year = {2020}
}
@article{SilvaArouche2020,
abstract = {We started a study on the molecular docking of six potential pharmacologically  active inhibitors compounds that can be used clinically against the COVID-19 virus, in this case, remdesivir, ribavirin, favipiravir, galidesivir, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine interacting with the main COVID-19 protease in complex with a COVID-19 N3 protease inhibitor. The highest values of affinity energy found in order from highest to lowest were chloroquine (CHL), hydroxychloroquine (HYC), favipiravir (FAV), galidesivir (GAL), remdesivir (REM) and ribavirin (RIB). The possible formation of hydrogen bonds, associations through London forces and permanent electric dipole were analyzed. The values of affinity energy obtained for the hydroxychloroquine ligands was -9.9 kcal/mol and for the chloroquine of -10.8 kcal/mol which indicate that the coupling contributes to an effective improvement of the affinity energies with the protease. Indicating that, the position chosen to make the substitutions may be a pharmacophoric group, and cause changes in the protease.},
author = {da {Silva Arouche}, Tiago and Reis, Arthur Ferreira and Martins, Anderson Yuri and {S Costa}, Jose Francisco and {Carvalho Junior}, Raul Nunes and {J C Neto}, Antonio Maia},
doi = {10.1166/jnn.2020.18955},
issn = {1533-4899 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {12},
pages = {7311--7323},
pmid = {32711596},
title = {{Interactions Between Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Favipiravir, Galidesivir,  Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine with Fragment Molecular of the COVID-19 Main Protease with Inhibitor N3 Complex (PDB ID:6LU7) Using Molecular Docking.}},
volume = {20},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zanin2020,
abstract = {Among the many efforts done by the scientific community to help coping with the  COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most important has been the creation of models to describe its propagation, as these are expected to guide the deployment of containment and health policies. These models are commonly based on exogenous information, as e.g. mobility data, whose limitedness always compromise the reliability of obtained results. In this contribution we propose a different approach, based on extracting relationships between the evolution of the disease in different regions through information theoretical metrics. In a way similar to what is commonly done in neuroscience, propagation is understood as information transfer, and the resulting propagation patterns are represented and studied as functional networks. By applying this methodology to the dynamics of COVID-19 in several countries and regions thereof, we were able to reconstruct static and time-varying propagation graphs. We further discuss the advantages, promises and open research questions associated with this functional approach.},
author = {Zanin, Massimiliano and Papo, David},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109993},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109993},
pmid = {32546901},
title = {{Assessing functional propagation patterns in COVID-19.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Braga2020,
abstract = {The lagoon of Venice has always been affected by the regional geomorphological  evolution, anthropogenic stressors and global changes. Different morphological settings and variable biogeophysical conditions characterize this continuously evolving system that rapidly responds to the anthropic impacts. When the lockdown measures were enforced in Italy to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on March 10th 2020, the ordinary urban water traffic around Venice, one of the major pressures in the lagoon, came to a halt. This provided a unique opportunity to analyse the environmental effects of restrictions to mobility on water transparency. Pseudo true-colour composites Sentinel-2 satellite imagery proved useful for qualitative visual interpretation, showing the reduction of the vessel traffic and their wakes from the periods before and during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. A quantitative analysis of suspended matter patterns, based on satellite-derived turbidity, in the absence of traffic perturbations, allowed to focus on natural processes and the residual stress from human activities that continued throughout the lockdown. We conclude that the high water transparency can be considered as a transient condition determined by a combination of natural seasonal factors and the effects of COVID-19 restrictions.},
author = {Braga, Federica and Scarpa, Gian Marco and Brando, Vittorio Ernesto and Manf{\`{e}}, Giorgia and Zaggia, Luca},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139612},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Environmental Monitoring,Human Activities,Humans,Italy,Nephelometry and Turbidimetry,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Satellite Imagery,Water Quality},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139612},
pmid = {32470688},
title = {{COVID-19 lockdown measures reveal human impact on water transparency in the Venice  Lagoon.}},
volume = {736},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Liang2020a,
abstract = {Remdesivir (GS-5734), a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) inhibitor that can  be used to treat a variety of RNA virus infections, is expected to be an effective treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. On May 1, 2020, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for remdesivir to treat COVID-19 patients. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, this review presents comprehensive information on remdesivir, including information regarding the milestones, intellectual properties, anti-coronavirus mechanisms, preclinical research and clinical trials, and in particular, the chemical synthesis, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of remdesivir. Furthermore, perspectives regarding the use of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 are also discussed.},
author = {Liang, Chengyuan and Tian, Lei and Liu, Yuzhi and Hui, Nan and Qiao, Guaiping and Li, Han and Shi, Zhenfeng and Tang, Yonghong and Zhang, Dezhu and Xie, Xiaolin and Zhao, Xu},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112527},
issn = {1768-3254 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of medicinal chemistry},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {112527},
pmid = {32563812},
title = {{A promising antiviral candidate drug for the COVID-19 pandemic: A mini-review of  remdesivir.}},
volume = {201},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Gidari2020,
abstract = {Background: From January 2020, Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread  all over the world. An early assessment of illness severity is important for the stratification of patients. We analysed the predictive value of National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) for intensive care unit admission (ICU) in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.Methods: Data of 71 patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted from 1 March to 20 April 2020, to the Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Perugia Hospital, Italy, were retrospectively reviewed. NEWS2 at hospital admission, demographic, comorbidity and clinical data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to establish the correlation between each variable and ICU admission.Results: Among 68 patients included in the analysis, 27 were admitted to ICU. NEWS2 at hospital admission was a good predictor of ICU admission as shown by an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis of 0.90 (standard error 0.04; 95{\%} confidence interval 0.82-0.97). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, NEWS2 was significantly related to ICU admission using thresholds of 5 and 7. No other clinical variables included in the model were significantly correlated with ICU admission.A NEWS2 threshold of 5 had higher sensitivity than a threshold of 7 (89{\%} and 63{\%}). Higher specificity, positive likelihood ratio and positive predictive value were found using a threshold of 7 than a threshold of 5.Conclusions: NEWS2 at hospital admission was a good predictor for ICU admission. Patients with severe COVID-19 were correctly and rapidly stratified.},
author = {Gidari, Anna and {De Socio}, Giuseppe Vittorio and Sabbatini, Samuele and Francisci, Daniela},
doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1784457},
issn = {2374-4243 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infectious diseases (London, England)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {698--704},
pmid = {32584161},
title = {{Predictive value of National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) for intensive care unit  admission in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.}},
volume = {52},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Pinto2020,
author = {Pinto, Ashwin A and Carroll, Liam S and Nar, Vijay and Varatharaj, Aravinthan and Galea, Ian},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000813},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {Adult,Autoantibodies,Betacoronavirus,Biomarkers,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,cerebrospinal fluid,diagnostic imaging},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32522768},
title = {{CNS inflammatory vasculopathy with antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein  antibodies in COVID-19.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Katsaras2020,
abstract = {Since December 2019, the coronovirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted  in more than 2,160,000 positive cases and more than 145,000 deaths until April 18, 2020. The pressure to the health services worldwide has been unprecedented. The redeployment of staff and resources to treat more efficiently COVID-19 cases along with the need to reduce disease transmission has affected the field of electrophysiology among many others. Amendments to clinical pathways are obligatory in this perspective to continue to provide the necessary health services to the people who need them, although at the same time, infection control and prevention are not compromised by inadvertent disease transmission or unnecessary use of resources. We aim to provide a guide of the logistic aspects of electrophysiology procedures derived from our tertiary cardiac center during the current COVID-19 pandemic.},
author = {Katsaras, Dimitrios and Chalil, Shajil and Abozguia, Khalid},
doi = {10.1097/HPC.0000000000000226},
issn = {1535-2811 (Electronic)},
journal = {Critical pathways in cardiology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {112--114},
pmid = {32349045},
title = {{Coronovirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Cardiac Electrophysiology: Guidance  Protocol From a UK Tertiary Cardiac Center.}},
volume = {19},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Dabbagh2020,
author = {Dabbagh, Ali},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109887},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Animals,Betacoronavirus,Chiroptera,Coronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Health Education,Humans,Iran,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109887},
pmid = {32454342},
title = {{The role of Instagram in public health education in COVID-19 in Iran.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ulu2020,
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) became a nightmare for the world since December  2019. Although the disease affects people at any age; elderly patients and those with comorbidities were more affected. Everyday nephrologists see patients with hypertension, chronic kidney disease, maintenance dialysis treatment or kidney transplant who are also high-risk groups for the COVID-19. Beyond that, COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to infection may directly affect kidney functions. This broad spectrum of COVID-19 influence on kidney patients and kidney functions obviously necessitate an up to date management policy for nephrological care. This review overviews and purifies recently published literature in a question to answer format for the practicing nephrologists that will often encounter COVID-19 and kidney related cases during the pandemic times.},
author = {Ulu, Sena and Gungor, Ozkan and {Gok Oguz}, Ebru and Hasbal, Nuri Baris and Turgut, Didem and Arici, Mustafa},
doi = {10.1080/0886022X.2020.1797791},
issn = {1525-6049 (Electronic)},
journal = {Renal failure},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {710--725},
pmid = {32713282},
title = {{COVID-19: a novel menace for the practice of nephrology and how to manage it with  minor devastation?}},
volume = {42},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Pai2020,
abstract = {In this paper, we investigate the ongoing dynamics of COVID-19 in India after its  emergence in Wuhan, China in December 2019. We discuss the effect of nationwide lockdown implemented in India on March 25, 2020 to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model is used to forecast active COVID-19 cases in India considering the effect of nationwide lockdown and possible inflation in the active cases after its removal on May 3, 2020. Our model predicts that with the ongoing lockdown, the peak of active infected cases around 43,000 will occur in the mid of May, 2020. We also predict a 7 to 21{\%} increase in the peak value of active infected cases for a variety of hypothetical scenarios reflecting a relative relaxation in the control strategies implemented by the government in the post-lockdown period. For India, it is an important decision to come up with a non-pharmaceutical control strategy such as nationwide lockdown for 40 days to prolong the higher phases of COVID-19 and to avoid severe load on its public health-care system. As the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak remains a global threat, it is a challenge for all the countries to come up with effective public health and administrative strategies to battle against COVID-19 and sustain their economies.},
author = {Pai, Chintamani and Bhaskar, Ankush and Rawoot, Vaibhav},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109988},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109988},
pmid = {32536763},
title = {{Investigating the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic in India under lockdown.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Gueant2020,
abstract = {Convergent arguments suggest that innate immunity related to neutrophils, and in  particular neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), could play a key role in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
author = {Gu{\'{e}}ant, Jean-Louis and Fromonot, Julien and Gu{\'{e}}ant-Rodriguez, Rosa-Maria and Lacolley, Patrick and Guieu, R{\'{e}}gis and Regnault, V{\'{e}}ronique},
booktitle = {Allergy},
doi = {10.1111/all.14533},
issn = {1398-9995 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32743884},
title = {{Blood Myeloperoxidase-DNA, a biomarker of early response to SARS-CoV-2 infection?}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Singh2020,
abstract = {Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the biggest threat to human being  globally. The first case was identified in a patient with flu symptoms along with severe acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and now it has spread in more than 200 countries. COVID-19 is more lethal in the elderly and people with an underlying condition such as asthma, cancer, diabetes. Here we performed bioinformatic analysis to investigate the interaction of S2 subunit protein of SARS-nCoV-2 of novel coronavirus with tumor suppressor proteins p53 and BRCA-1/2. In this short communication we report the interaction between S2 subunit proteins with tumor suppressor proteins for the first time. This preliminary result will open up a new direction to investigate the effect of a novel coronavirus in cancer patients.},
author = {Singh, Nishant and {Bharara Singh}, Anuradha},
booktitle = {Translational oncology},
doi = {10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100814},
issn = {1936-5233 (Print)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {100814},
pmid = {32619819},
title = {{S2 subunit of SARS-nCoV-2 interacts with tumor suppressor protein p53 and BRCA: an  in silico study.}},
volume = {13},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Yeo2020,
author = {Yeo, Charleen and Ahmed, Saleem and Oo, Aung Myint and Koura, Aaryan and Sanghvi, Kaushal and Yeo, Danson},
booktitle = {Obesity surgery},
doi = {10.1007/s11695-020-04670-6},
issn = {1708-0428 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {3607--3609},
pmid = {32385668},
title = {{COVID-19 and Obesity-the Management of Pre- and Post-bariatric Patients Amidst the  COVID-19 Pandemic.}},
volume = {30},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kusmaul2020,
author = {Kusmaul, Nancy},
doi = {10.1080/15524256.2020.1800555},
issn = {1552-4264 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of social work in end-of-life {\&} palliative care},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--4},
pmid = {32744181},
title = {{It's Complicated: Having a Family Member Die on Hospice Not-of-COVID-19.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Assis2020,
author = {Assis, Mariana Prandini and Larrea, Sara},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1779633},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Abortion, Induced,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Global Health,Health Services Accessibility,Health Services Needs and Demand,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Pregnancy,Self-Management,legislation {\&} jurisprudence},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1779633},
pmid = {32602789},
title = {{Why self-managed abortion is so much more than a provisional solution for times of  pandemic.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Makatsariya2020,
abstract = {An issue of the novel coronavirus infection spreading is currently in the first  place among others in the list of the international medical community. Due to lack of information, conflicting research findings, multicomponent effect of the virus on the body host, as well as various consequences that the virus triggers in the body, now every medical specialty does study the viral attack pathogenesis. Recent months showed that vascular complications are the most severe in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and are the main cause of death in the patients. The mechanisms of vascular complications are complex and affect both the hemostatic system and immune responses, "inflammatory storm", disorders of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endotheliopathy, etc. Due to the leading role of vascular complications in the viral infection pathogenesis, several groups of patients are at extra risk, including pregnant women, patients with a burdened obstetric history, with hereditary thrombophilia and antiphospholipid syndrome, and patients after in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this category of pregnant women, use of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) is particularly important for both prevention of vascular and obstetric complications, and for pathogenetic therapy of COVID-19.},
author = {Makatsariya, Alexander and Slukhanchuk, Ekaterina and Bitsadze, Viktoriya and Khizroeva, Jamilya and Tretyakova, Maria and Tsibizova, Valentina and Dobryakov, Andrey and Elalamy, Ismail and Gris, Jean C},
doi = {10.1515/jpm-2020-0280},
issn = {1619-3997 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of perinatal medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32739908},
title = {{COVID-19, neutrophil extracellular traps and vascular complications in obstetric  practice.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Tsang2020,
abstract = {COVID-19 - a novel coronavirus was firstly reported in December 2019. In response to  threats imposed by COVID-19, the European society for radiotherapy and oncology Radiation TherapisT Committee (ESTRO RTTC) prepared this document in conjunction with an infographic with four main domains: patient care, RTT workflow, remote working and RT practice. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, RTTs should be empowered with appropriate guidance and personal protection equipment in order to provide a safe radiotherapy service by limiting potential viral exposure to patients, healthcare workers and general public.},
author = {Tsang, Yat and Duffton, Aileen and Leech, Michelle and Rossi, Maddalena and Scherer, Philipp},
doi = {10.1016/j.tipsro.2020.05.003},
institution = {ESTRO RTTC},
issn = {2405-6324 (Electronic)},
journal = {Technical innovations {\&} patient support in radiation oncology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {6--10},
pmid = {32514473},
title = {{Meeting the challenges imposed by COVID-19: Guidance document by the ESTRO Radiation  TherapisT Committee (RTTC).}},
volume = {15},
year = {2020}
}
@article{LaRosa2020,
abstract = {Several studies have demonstrated the advantages of environmental surveillance  through the monitoring of sewage for the assessment of viruses circulating in a given community (wastewater-based epidemiology, WBE). During the COVID-19 public health emergency, many reports have described the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stools from COVID-19 patients, and a few studies reported the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewaters worldwide. Italy is among the world's worst-affected countries in the COVID-19 pandemic, but so far there are no studies assessing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in Italian wastewaters. To this aim, twelve influent sewage samples, collected between February and April 2020 from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Milan and Rome, were tested adapting, for concentration, the standard WHO procedure for Poliovirus surveillance. Molecular analysis was undertaken with three nested protocols, including a newly designed SARS-CoV-2 specific primer set. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection was accomplished in volumes of 250 ml of wastewaters collected in areas of high (Milan) and low (Rome) epidemic circulation, according to clinical data. Overall, 6 out of 12 samples were positive. One of the positive results was obtained in a Milan wastewater sample collected a few days after the first notified Italian case of autochthonous SARS-CoV-2. The study confirms that WBE has the potential to be applied to SARS-CoV-2 as a sensitive tool to study spatial and temporal trends of virus circulation in the population.},
author = {La Rosa, Giuseppina and Iaconelli, Marcello and Mancini, Pamela and {Bonanno Ferraro}, Giusy and Veneri, Carolina and Bonadonna, Lucia and Lucentini, Luca and Suffredini, Elisabetta},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139652},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Italy,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA, Viral,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction,Sewage,Waste Water,isolation {\&} purification,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139652},
pmid = {32464333},
title = {{First detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewaters in Italy.}},
volume = {736},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Krishnamurthy2020,
abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted business schools worldwide mainly through the  shift to emergency remote teaching. I provide a rudimentary framework to understand this transformation through recognizing the changes in the university, the business world and the student. This disruption is going to lead to a decade-long technology-led remaking of business education. Finally, I share a triphasic model that maps the evolution of online learning in business schools.},
author = {Krishnamurthy, Sandeep},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.034},
issn = {0148-2963 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of business research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {1--5},
pmid = {32501309},
title = {{The future of business education: A commentary in the shadow of the Covid-19  pandemic.}},
volume = {117},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Everard2020,
abstract = {There is rising international concern about the zoonotic origins of many global  pandemics. Increasing human-animal interactions are perceived as driving factors in pathogen transfer, emphasising the close relationships between human, animal and environmental health. Contemporary livelihood and market patterns tend to degrade ecosystems and their services, driving a cycle of degradation in increasingly tightly linked socio-ecological systems. This contributes to reductions in the natural regulating capacities of ecosystem services to limit disease transfer from animals to humans. It also undermines natural resource availability, compromising measures such as washing and sanitation that may be key to managing subsequent human-to-human disease transmission. Human activities driving this degrading cycle tend to convert beneficial ecosystem services into disservices, exacerbating risks related to zoonotic diseases. Conversely, measures to protect or restore ecosystems constitute investment in foundational capital, enhancing their capacities to provide for greater human security and opportunity. We use the DPSIR (Drivers-Pressures-State change-Impact-Response) framework to explore three aspects of zoonotic diseases: (1) the significance of disease regulation ecosystem services and their degradation in the emergence of Covid-19 and other zoonotic diseases; and of the protection of natural resources as mitigating contributions to both (2) regulating human-to-human disease transfer; and (3) treatment of disease outbreaks. From this analysis, we identify a set of appropriate response options, recognising the foundational roles of ecosystems and the services they provide in risk management. Zoonotic disease risks are ultimately interlinked with biodiversity crises and water insecurity. The need to respond to the Covid-19 pandemic ongoing at the time of writing creates an opportunity for systemic policy change, placing scientific knowledge of the value and services of ecosystems at the heart of societal concerns as a key foundation for a more secure future. Rapid political responses and unprecedented economic stimuli reacting to the pandemic demonstrate that systemic change is achievable at scale and pace, and is also therefore transferrable to other existential, global-scale threats including climate change and the 'biodiversity crisis'. This also highlights the need for concerted global action, and is also consistent with the duties, and ultimately the self-interests, of developed, donor nations.},
author = {Everard, Mark and Johnston, Paul and Santillo, David and Staddon, Chad},
doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2020.05.017},
issn = {1462-9011 (Print)},
journal = {Environmental science {\&} policy},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {7--17},
pmid = {32501392},
title = {{The role of ecosystems in mitigation and management of Covid-19 and other zoonoses.}},
volume = {111},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mendez-Arriaga2020,
abstract = {Due to the close relationship between the incidence of infectious diseases by  epidemics and environmental conditions, this research explores the temperature, evaporation, precipitation and regional climate effects on the local transmission of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 inside 31 states and capital of Mexico since February 29 (national onset) to March 31, 2020. Statistical analysis was conducted to explore the association between the daily local COVID-19 confirmed positive cases (LCPC) and both climate characteristics and the daily weather reported by the regional meteorological stations. In this work, the local transmission ratio (LTR) was calculated with the regional LCPC divided by the number of the effective contagion days since regional onset in each state. The results showed a negative association between temperature (mean, max and min) and climate classification with both LCPC and LTR variables. The precipitation associated positively with LCPC and LTR. The associations between the climate classification with LCPC and LTR are statistically significant. The tropical climate (mean temperature around 25.95 °C and mean precipitation around 8.74 mm) delayed the regional onset. However, the regional onset in dry climates emerged earlier as consequence of the lower temperatures and higher precipitations (20.57 °C and 20.87 mm respectively) than the observed in the tropical climate. The fastest regional onsets were observed in tempered climates in states where the lowest temperatures and lowest precipitations were registered (19.65 °C and 8.48 mm respectively). Meteorological factors influenced the trend on the regional outbreaks in Mexican's states likely by the host predisposition and susceptibility during the cold winter season. In Mexico, the climate characteristics played a crucial role on the local infection during the phase 1 being the tempered regions (as Michoac{\'{a}}n, Jalisco, Puebla, etc.) more vulnerable than the dry (as Chihuahua, Durango or Zacatecas, etc.) or tropical areas (as Colima, Campeche, Morelos etc.).},
author = {M{\'{e}}ndez-Arriaga, Fabiola},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139560},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Climate,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Mexico,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Seasons,Temperature,epidemiology,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139560},
pmid = {32464409},
title = {{The temperature and regional climate effects on communitarian COVID-19 contagion in  Mexico throughout phase 1.}},
volume = {735},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Solomon2020,
abstract = {Some in the medical publishing world have observed an "infodemic" occurring  alongside the pandemic. One might define an infodemic as a contagious disease infecting our information culture. As the Editors of A{\&}R, tasked with conducting, reviewing, reporting, and translating science to the rheumatic disease community, we agree with this diagnosis. Herein, we reflect on how the pandemic has impacted A{\&}R, the medical publishing world, and how we may best engage our community to navigate current challenges.},
author = {Solomon, Daniel H and Bucala, Richard and Kaplan, Mariana J and Nigrovic, Peter A},
booktitle = {Arthritis {\&} rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)},
doi = {10.1002/art.41468},
issn = {2326-5205 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32741134},
title = {{The "Infodemic" of COVID-19.}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Tang2020a,
abstract = {COVID-19, the worst pandemic in 100 years, has rapidly spread to the entire world in  2 months since its early report in January 2020. Based on the publicly available data sources, we developed a simple mathematic modeling approach to track the outbreaks of COVID-19 in the US and three selected states: New York, Michigan and California. The same approach is applicable to other regions or countries. We hope our work can stimulate more effort in understanding how an outbreak is developing and how big a scope it can be and in what kind of time framework. Such information is critical for outbreak control, resource utilization and re-opening of the normal daily life to citizens in the affected community.},
author = {Tang, Yuanji and Wang, Shixia},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1760146},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Models, Biological,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,United States,epidemiology,prevention {\&} control,statistics {\&} numerical data},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {827--829},
pmid = {32338150},
title = {{Mathematic modeling of COVID-19 in the United States.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hecht2020,
abstract = {Congenital infection of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be exceptionally rare despite many  cases of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Robust proof of placental infection requires demonstration of viral localization within placental tissue. Only two of the few cases of possible vertical transmission have demonstrated placental infection. None have shown placental expression of the ACE2 or TMPRSS2 protein, both required for viral infection. We examined 19 COVID-19 exposed placentas for histopathologic findings, and for expression of ACE2, and TMPRSS2 by immunohistochemistry. Direct placental SARS-CoV-2 expression was studied by two methods-nucleocapsid protein expression by immunohistochemistry, and RNA expression by in situ hybridization. ACE2 membranous expression in the syncytiotrophoblast (ST) of the chorionic villi is predominantly in a polarized pattern with expression highest on the stromal side of the ST. In addition, cytotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast express ACE2. No ACE2 expression was detected in villous stroma, Hofbauer cells, or endothelial cells. TMPRSS2 expression was only present weakly in the villous endothelium and rarely in the ST. In 2 of 19 cases, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present in the placenta focally in the ST and cytotrophoblast. There was no characteristic histopathology present in our cases including the two placental infections. We found that the placenta is capable of being infected but that this event is rare. We propose one explanation could be the polarized expression of ACE2 away from the maternal blood and pronounced paucity of TMPRSS2 expression in trophoblast.},
author = {Hecht, Jonathon L and Quade, Bradley and Deshpande, Vikram and Mino-Kenudson, Mari and Ting, David T and Desai, Niyati and Dygulska, Beata and Heyman, Taryn and Salafia, Carolyn and Shen, Dejun and Bates, Sara V and Roberts, Drucilla J},
doi = {10.1038/s41379-020-0639-4},
issn = {1530-0285 (Electronic)},
journal = {Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of  Pathology, Inc},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32741970},
title = {{SARS-CoV-2 can infect the placenta and is not associated with specific placental  histopathology: a series of 19 placentas from COVID-19-positive mothers.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Raghavan2020,
abstract = {Substantial management changes in endocrine-related malignancies have been required  as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including a draconian reduction in the screening of asymptomatic subjects, delay in planned surgery and radiotherapy for primary tumors deemed to be indolent, and dose reductions and/or delays in initiation of some systemic therapies. An added key factor has been a patient-initiated delay in the presentation because of the fear of viral infection. Patterns of clinical consultation have changed, including a greater level of virtual visits, physical spacing, masking, staffing changes to ensure a COVID-free population and significant changes in patterns of family involvement. While this has occurred to improve safety from COVID-19 infection, the implications for cancer outcomes have not yet been defined. Based on prior epidemics and financial recessions, it is likely that delayed presentation and treatment of high-grade malignancy will be associated with worse cancer outcomes. Cancer patients are also at increased risk from COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. Pandemic management strategies for patients with tumors of breast, prostate, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal gland are reviewed.},
author = {Raghavan, Derek and Tan, Antoinette R and Story, E Shannon and Burgess, Earle F and Musselwhite, Laura and Kim, Edward S and Clark, Peter E},
doi = {10.1530/ERC-20-0229},
issn = {1479-6821 (Electronic)},
journal = {Endocrine-related cancer},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {R357--R374},
pmid = {32744242},
title = {{Management changes for patients with endocrine-related cancers in the COVID-19  pandemic.}},
volume = {27},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Houston2020,
abstract = {COVID-19 abruptly halted scientific conferences and seminars in mid-March, forcing  the scientific community to either postpone or adapt to a virtual format. We caught up with Carla V. Rothlin, Elina I. Z{\'{u}}{\~{n}}iga, Hongbo Chi, Rino Rappuoli, and Matthew Krummel to find out about the pros and cons of virtual conferences and seminars and how these could change the nature of scientific conferences. Carla (CVR) and Elina (EIZ) established Global ImmunoTalks in April this year; Hongbo (HC) helped organize the Immunometabolism Mini-Symposia series in May and June; Rino (RR) was one of the scientific organizers of the Transforming Vaccinology Keystone, which moved to a virtual format in June; and Matthew (MK) has been organizing Eco Seminars at the University of California, San Francisco since 2019.},
author = {Houston, Stephanie},
doi = {10.1084/jem.20201467},
issn = {1540-9538 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Journal of experimental medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pmid = {32735327},
title = {{Lessons of COVID-19: Virtual conferences.}},
volume = {217},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Grabbe2020,
abstract = {The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic particularly endangers older people with  pre-existing cardiopulmonary and metabolic conditions. However, it is also currently under discussion whether patients under immunosuppressive therapy also have a higher risk of suffering a severe course of the COVID-19 disease. In principle though, there is currently no data available for a general reduction or pause of immunosuppression in patients with autoimmune diseases because of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, since there is currently neither an effective therapy nor corresponding vaccination protection, the indication for a prolonged immunosuppressive therapy should be made with special care. In particular, immunotherapeutic agents that produce long-term effects (e.g., rituximab) should be used with special caution. In contrast, immunomodulating substances that do not suppress antiviral immunity (e.g. systemic immunoglobulins, doxycycline), or that have intrinsic effects on SARS-CoV-2 (calcineurin inhibitors, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) may be useful alternatives.},
author = {Grabbe, Stephan and Beissert, Stefan and Enk, Alexander},
doi = {10.1111/ddg.14194},
issn = {1610-0387 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society  of Dermatology : JDDG},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32743938},
title = {{Systemic immunosuppression in times of COVID-19: Do we need to rethink our  standards?}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ullrich2020,
abstract = {The unprecedented pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2  (SARS-CoV-2) is threatening global health. The virus emerged in late 2019 and can cause a severe disease associated with significant mortality. Several vaccine development and drug discovery campaigns are underway. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease is considered a promising drug target, as it is dissimilar to human proteases. Sequence and structure of the main protease are closely related to those from other betacoronaviruses, facilitating drug discovery attempts based on previous lead compounds. Covalently binding peptidomimetics and small molecules are investigated. Various compounds show antiviral activity in infected human cells.},
author = {Ullrich, Sven and Nitsche, Christoph},
doi = {10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127377},
issn = {1464-3405 (Electronic)},
journal = {Bioorganic {\&} medicinal chemistry letters},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {17},
pages = {127377},
pmid = {32738988},
title = {{The SARS-CoV-2 main protease as drug target.}},
volume = {30},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Titov2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Trends in contact with a high volume national digital mental health  service (DMHS), the MindSpot Clinic, provide a unique opportunity to assess the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Three methods were used to assess changes in responses to COVID-19. First, website visits and call centre traffic were compared across two time periods: the "comparison period" (1 to 28 September 2019), and during the early weeks of the "COVID-19 pandemic" (19 March to 15 April 2020). Second, demographic and symptom data were compared across all patients who started an assessment during the comparison (n = 1650) and the COVID-19 period (n = 1668). Third, responses to questions about the impact of COVID-19 introduced to the assessment from 19 March 2020, and reports from treating therapists were examined. RESULTS: There was an 89{\%} increase in website visits and a 90{\%} increase in telephone calls to the clinic in the early COVID-19 period compared to the comparison period. There was a higher proportion of females in the COVID-19 sample (76.9{\%} vs. 72.9{\%}), and a lower proportion reported being in employment (52.8{\%} vs. 60.8{\%}). There was a small but significant increase in the severity of anxiety symptoms, and an increase in the number of people reporting recent onset of anxiety and depression. However, there were no differences between groups in severity of symptoms of distress or depression. Most people (94{\%}) reported concern about the impact of COVID-19, and 88{\%} reported making changes in lifestyle. Older adults had higher levels of concern about COVID-19. Therapists reported that patients were concerned about how to access testing, manage quarantine, financial security and the effect of social isolation. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 has resulted in a significant increase in contact with an established DMHS, but we have not yet detected increases in baseline symptom severity. With the prospect of prolonged restriction of movement, DMHS such as MindSpot could play an important role in both providing clinical services and monitoring the mental health of the population.},
author = {Titov, Nickolai and Staples, Lauren and Kayrouz, Rony and Cross, Shane and Karin, Eyal and Ryan, Katie and Dear, Blake and Nielssen, Olav},
doi = {10.1016/j.invent.2020.100327},
issn = {2214-7829 (Electronic)},
journal = {Internet interventions},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100327},
pmid = {32537424},
title = {{Rapid report: Early demand, profiles and concerns of mental health users during the  coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Imazio2020,
abstract = {: The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging our cardiovascular care of patients with  heart diseases. In the setting of pericardial diseases, there are two possible different scenarios to consider: the patient being treated for pericarditis who subsequently becomes infected with SARS-CoV-2, and the patient with COVID-19 who develops pericarditis or pericardial effusion. In both conditions, clinicians may be doubtful regarding the safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, colchicine, and biological agents, such as anti-IL1 agents (e.g. anakinra), that are the mainstay of therapy for pericarditis.For NSAIDs, there is no clear scientific evidence linking ibuprofen and other NSAIDs to worsening of COVID-19; however, it seems prudent to continue them, if necessary to control pericarditis, and on the other hand, to prefer paracetamol for fever and systemic symptoms related to COVID-19. Treatments with corticosteroids, colchicine, and anakinra appear well tolerated in the context of COVID-19 infection and are currently actively evaluated as potential therapeutic options for COVID infection at different stages of the disease. On this basis, currently most treatments for pericarditis do not appear contraindicated also in the presence of possible COVID-19 infection and should not be discontinued, and some (corticosteroids, colchicine, and anakinra) can be considered to treat both conditions.},
author = {Imazio, Massimo and Brucato, Antonio and Lazaros, George and Andreis, Alessandro and Scarsi, Mirko and Klein, Allan and {De Ferrari}, Gaetano Maria and Adler, Yehuda},
doi = {10.2459/JCM.0000000000001059},
issn = {1558-2035 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {625--629},
pmid = {32658005},
title = {{Anti-inflammatory therapies for pericardial diseases in the COVID-19 pandemic:  safety and potentiality.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sun2020b,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The underlying changes of peripheral blood inflammatory cells (PBICs) in  COVID-19 patients are little known. Moreover, the risk factors for the underlying changes of PBICs and their predicting role in severe COVID-19 patients remain uncertain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study including two cohorts: the main cohort enrolling 45 patients of severe type serving as study group, and the secondary cohort enrolling 12 patients of no-severe type serving as control group. The PBICs analysis was based on blood routine and lymphocyte subsets. The inflammatory cell levels were compared among patients according to clinical classifications, disease-associated phases, as well as one-month outcomes. RESULTS: Compared with patients of non-severe type, the patients of severe type suffered from significantly decreased counts of lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, but increased counts of neutrophils. These PBICs alterations got improved in recovery phase, but persisted or got worse in aggravated phase. Compared with patients in discharged group, the patients in un-discharged/died group suffered from decreased counts of total T lymphocytes, CD4 + T lymphocytes, CD8 + T lymphocytes, as well as NK cells at 2 weeks after treatment. Clinical classification-critically severe was the independently risk factor for lymphopenia (OR = 7.701, 95{\%}CI:1.265-46.893, P = 0.027), eosinopenia (OR = 5.595, 95{\%}CI:1.008-31.054, P = 0.049), and worse one-month outcome (OR = 8.984; 95{\%}CI:1.021-79.061, P = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Lymphopenia and eosinopenia may serve as predictors of disease severity and disease progression in COVID-19 patients, and enhancing the cellular immunity may contribute to COVID-19 treatment. Thus, PBICs might become a sentinel of COVID-19, and it deserves attention during COVID-19 treatment.},
author = {Sun, Da-Wei and Zhang, Dong and Tian, Run-Hui and Li, Yang and Wang, Yu-Shi and Cao, Jie and Tang, Ying and Zhang, Nan and Zan, Tao and Gao, Lan and Huang, Yan-Zhu and Cui, Chang-Lei and Wang, Dong-Xuan and Zheng, Yang and Lv, Guo-Yue},
doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.027},
issn = {1873-3492 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
keywords = {Aged,Betacoronavirus,Biomarkers,Cell Count,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Progression,Eosinophils,Female,Humans,Killer Cells, Natural,Lymphocyte Subsets,Lymphopenia,Male,Middle Aged,Monocytes,Neutrophils,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prognosis,Retrospective Studies,Severity of Illness Index,Survival Analysis,blood,diagnosis,pathogenicity,pathology,physiopathology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {122--129},
pmid = {32417210},
title = {{The underlying changes and predicting role of peripheral blood inflammatory cells in  severe COVID-19 patients: A sentinel?}},
volume = {508},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Appelberg2020,
abstract = {How severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections engage  cellular host pathways and innate immunity in infected cells remains largely elusive. We performed an integrative proteo-transcriptomics analysis in SARS-CoV-2 infected Huh7 cells to map the cellular response to the invading virus over time. We identified four pathways, ErbB, HIF-1, mTOR and TNF signaling, among others that were markedly modulated during the course of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Western blot validation of the downstream effector molecules of these pathways revealed a dose-dependent activation of Akt, mTOR, S6K1 and 4E-BP1 at 24 hours post infection (hpi). However, we found a significant inhibition of HIF-1$\alpha$ through 24hpi and 48hpi of the infection, suggesting a crosstalk between the SARS-CoV-2 and the Akt/mTOR/HIF-1 signaling pathways. Inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway using Akt inhibitor MK-2206 showed a significant reduction in virus production. Further investigations are required to better understand the molecular sequelae in order to guide potential therapy in the management of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.},
author = {Appelberg, Sofia and Gupta, Soham and {Svensson Akusj{\"{a}}rvi}, Sara and Ambikan, Anoop T and Mikaeloff, Flora and Saccon, Elisa and V{\'{e}}gv{\'{a}}ri, {\'{A}}kos and Benfeitas, Rui and Sperk, Maike and St{\aa}hlberg, Marie and Krishnan, Shuba and Singh, Kamal and Penninger, Josef M and Mirazimi, Ali and Neogi, Ujjwal},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1799723},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1748--1760},
pmid = {32691695},
title = {{Dysregulation in Akt/mTOR/HIF-1 signaling identified by proteo-transcriptomics of  SARS-CoV-2 infected cells.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Khuri2020,
author = {Khuri, Fadlo R and O'Regan, Ruth M},
booktitle = {Cancer},
doi = {10.1002/cncr.33046},
issn = {1097-0142 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {3809--3810},
pmid = {32710663},
title = {{Progress in breast cancer research amid the COVID-19 gloom.}},
volume = {126 Suppl },
year = {2020}
}
@article{Segal2020,
abstract = {It is likely that genetic factors play a role in the susceptibility to, and recovery  from, COVID-19. A survey of ongoing twin research could produce findings likely to help in the prevention and management of this pandemic. This survey is followed by a review of research comparing selected features of asthmatic and nonasthmatic twins, links between twin mammals and COVID-19, and relationships between twin delivery and the three 'Rs'. The final section of this article presents newsworthy twin-related items, some associated with COVID-19. They include a summary of the Rainman Twins film, a study of anal prints, the 'Twins' Irish pub, newborn twins 'Covid and Corona', the death of a surgeon who separated conjoined twins, and Twinco, a twin-based supply company.},
author = {Segal, Nancy L},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.59},
issn = {1832-4274 (Print)},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society  for Twin Studies},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--5},
pmid = {32744204},
title = {{COVID-19: Twin Research in Progress/Twin Research Reviews: Asthmatic and  Nonasthmatic Twins; Stanford University Study of Anal Prints; Twin Mammals and COVID-19; Twin Delivery and the Three 'Rs'/Mixed Media: The Rainman Twins - The Film; Twins Irish Pub;}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kerslake2020,
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus‑2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) enters into  human host cells via mechanisms facilitated mostly by angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). New loss of smell (anosmia/hyposmia) is now recognized as a COVID‑19 related symptom, which may be caused by SARS‑CoV‑2 infection and damage of the olfactory receptor (OR) cells in the nasal neuro‑epithelium and/or central involvement of the olfactory bulb. ORs are also expressed peripherally (e.g., in tissues of the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems) and it is possible that their local functions could also be impaired by SARS‑CoV‑2 infection of these tissues. Using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype‑Tissue Expression, cBioPortal and Shiny Methylation Analysis Resource Tool, we highlight the expression of peripheral ORs in both healthy and malignant tissues, and describe their co‑expression with key mediators of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection, such as ACE2 and TMPRSS2, as well as cathepsin L (CTSL; another cellular protease mediating SARS‑CoV‑2 infection of host cells). A wide expression profile of peripheral ORs was noted, particularly in tissues such as the prostate, testis, thyroid, brain, liver, kidney and bladder, as well as tissues with known involvement in cardio‑metabolic disease (e.g., the adipose tissue, pancreas and heart). Among these, OR51E2, in particular, was significantly upregulated in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and co‑expressed primarily with TMPRSS2. Functional networks of this OR were further analysed using the GeneMANIA interactive tool, showing that OR51E2 interacts with a plethora of genes related to the prostate. Further in vitro and clinical studies are clearly required to elucidate the role of ORs, both at the olfactory level and the periphery, in the context of COVID‑19.},
author = {Kerslake, Rachel and Hall, Marcia and Randeva, Harpal S and Spandidos, Demetrios A and Chatha, Kamaljit and Kyrou, Ioannis and Karteris, Emmanouil},
doi = {10.3892/ijmm.2020.4646},
issn = {1791-244X (Electronic)},
journal = {International journal of molecular medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {949--956},
pmid = {32705281},
title = {{Co‑expression of peripheral olfactory receptors with SARS‑CoV‑2 infection mediators:  Potential implications beyond loss of smell as a COVID‑19 symptom.}},
volume = {46},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Koker2020,
abstract = {The aim of the research was to further extend current knowledge of whether severe  acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) entails a risk for children with various rheumatic diseases under immunosuppressive treatment. Telephone survey was administered by conducting interviews with the parents from May 1, 2020 to May 20, 2020. A message containing a link to the actual questionnaire was sent to their phones simultaneously. The medical records of the patients were reviewed for gathering information about demographic data, clinical follow-up, and treatments. Patients who were followed-up under immunosuppressive treatment (n = 439) were attempted to be contacted. The diagnostic distribution of patients (n = 414) eligible for the study was as follows: juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (n = 243, 58.7{\%}), autoinflammatory diseases (n = 109, 26.3{\%}), connective tissue diseases (n = 51, 12.3{\%}), and vasculitis (n = 11, 2.7{\%}). In the entire cohort, the mean age was 12 ± 4.7 years, and 54.1{\%} (n = 224) were female. Nine patients have attended the hospital for COVID-19 evaluation, 6 of whom were in close contact with confirmed cases. One patient with seronegative polyarticular JIA, previously prescribed methotrexate and receiving leflunomide during pandemic was identified to be diagnosed with COVID-19. None, including the confirmed case, had any severe symptoms. More than half of the patients with household exposure did not require hospitalization as they were asymptomatic. Although circumstances such as compliance in social distancing policy, transmission patterns, attitude following contact may have influenced the results, immunosuppressive treatment does not seem to pose an additional risk in terms of COVID-19.},
author = {Koker, Oya and Demirkan, Fatma Gul and Kayaalp, Gulsah and Cakmak, Figen and Tanatar, Ayse and Karadag, Serife Gul and Sonmez, Hafize Emine and Omeroglu, Rukiye and {Aktay Ayaz}, Nuray},
doi = {10.1007/s00296-020-04663-9},
issn = {1437-160X (Electronic)},
journal = {Rheumatology international},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32743705},
title = {{Does immunosuppressive treatment entail an additional risk for children with  rheumatic diseases? A survey-based study in the era of COVID-19.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sobral2020,
abstract = {In this study, we aimed at analyzing the associations between transmission of and  deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 and meteorological variables, such as average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation. Two outcome measures were considered, with the first aiming to study SARS-CoV-2 infections and the second aiming to study COVID-19 mortality. Daily data as well as data on SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 mortality obtained between December 1, 2019 and March 28, 2020 were collected from weather stations around the world. The country's population density and time of exposure to the disease were used as control variables. Finally, a month dummy variable was added. Daily data by country were analyzed using the panel data model. An increase in the average daily temperature by one degree Fahrenheit reduced the number of cases by approximately 6.4 cases/day. There was a negative correlation between the average temperature per country and the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This association remained strong even with the incorporation of additional variables and controls (maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation) and fixed country effects. There was a positive correlation between precipitation and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Countries with higher rainfall measurements showed an increase in disease transmission. For each average inch/day, there was an increase of 56.01 cases/day. COVID-19 mortality showed no significant association with temperature.},
author = {Sobral, Marcos Felipe Falc{\~{a}}o and Duarte, Gisleia Benini and {da Penha Sobral}, Ana Iza Gomes and Marinho, Marcelo Luiz Monteiro and {de Souza Melo}, Andr{\'{e}}},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138997},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Climate,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138997},
pmid = {32353724},
title = {{Association between climate variables and global transmission oF SARS-CoV-2.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bowen2020,
author = {Bowen, James D and Brink, Justine and Brown, Ted R and Lucassen, Elisabeth B and Smoot, Kyle and Wundes, Annette and Repovic, Pavle},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000783},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {Adult,Aged,Coronavirus Infections,Crotonates,Dimethyl Fumarate,Female,Fingolimod Hydrochloride,Glatiramer Acetate,Humans,Immunocompromised Host,Immunosuppressive Agents,Interferons,Lymphopenia,Male,Middle Aged,Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive,Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting,Northwestern United States,Nursing Homes,Oregon,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Severity of Illness Index,Toluidines,Travel,Washington,chemically induced,complications,drug therapy,immunology,mortality,physiopathology,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32457226},
title = {{COVID-19 in MS: Initial observations from the Pacific Northwest.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Li2020b,
abstract = {The implementation effect of the 24-hour Supervise-Correct-Improve (SCI) supervision  model was investigated in COVID-19 isolation ward in putting on and taking off process of personal protective equipment. As shown in results, the error rate of taking off process was significantly reduced (P {\textless} 0.001) by applying the 24h "SCI" mode. Staffs over 40 years old and workers were more likely to make mistakes. Through uninterrupted supervision and protection, application of this mode is proved to be effective.},
author = {Li, Shaxi and Guo, Yinsheng and Zheng, Yanqun and Lei, Lin and Zeng, Xianhu and Cao, Jing and Wen, Min and Liu, Yingxia and Huang, Ting},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2020.391},
issn = {1559-6834 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--7},
pmid = {32741414},
title = {{Practice and Exploration of 24h "SCI" Model in Personal Protection Supervision in  COVID-19 Isolation Ward.}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Munoz2020,
author = {Mu{\~{n}}oz, Miguel-Angel and L{\'{o}}pez-Grau, Merc{\`{e}}},
booktitle = {The European journal of general practice},
doi = {10.1080/13814788.2020.1796962},
issn = {1751-1402 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {106--107},
pmid = {32715802},
title = {{Lessons learned from the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic in urban primary health  care centres in Barcelona, Spain.}},
volume = {26},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Aminian2020,
abstract = {There is no data on patients with severe obesity who developed coronavirus disease  2019 (COVID-19) after bariatric surgery. Four gastric bypass operations, performed in a 2-week period between Feb 24 and March 4, 2020, in Tehran, Iran, were complicated with COVID-19. The mean age and body mass index were 46 ± 12 years and 49 ± 3 kg/m(2). Patients developed their symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue) 1, 2, 4, and 14 days after surgery. One patient had unnoticed anosmia 2 days before surgery. Three patients were readmitted in hospital. All 4 patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine. In two patients who required admission in intensive care unit, other off-label therapies including antiretroviral and immunosuppressive agents were also administered. All patients survived. In conclusion, COVID-19 can complicate the postoperative course of patients after bariatric surgery. Correct diagnosis and management in the postoperative setting would be challenging. Timing of infection after surgery in our series would raise the possibility of hospital transmission of COVID-19: from asymptomatic patients at the time of bariatric surgery to the healthcare workers versus acquiring the COVID-19 infection by non-infected patients in the perioperative period.},
author = {Aminian, Ali and Kermansaravi, Mohammad and Azizi, Shahriar and Alibeigi, Peyman and Safamanesh, Sina and Mousavimaleki, Ali and Rezaei, Mohammad Taghi and Faridi, Maziar and Mokhber, Somayeh and Pazouki, Abdolreza and Safari, Saeed},
doi = {10.1007/s11695-020-04617-x},
issn = {1708-0428 (Electronic)},
journal = {Obesity surgery},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {3624--3627},
pmid = {32314249},
title = {{Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak.}},
volume = {30},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Banna2020,
abstract = {The recent COVID-19 pandemic has imposed threats on both physical and mental health  since its outbreak. This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among a representative sample of home-quarantined Bangladeshi adults. A cross-sectional design was used with an online survey completed by a convenience sample recruited via social media. A total of 1,427 respondents were recruited, and their mental health was assessed by the DASS-21 measure. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms was 33.7{\%} and 57.9{\%}, respectively, and 59.7{\%} reported mild to extremely severe levels of stress. Perceptions that the pandemic disrupted life events, affected mental health, jobs, the economy and education, predictions of a worsening situation, and uncertainty of the health care system capacities were significantly associated with poor mental health outcomes. Multivariate logistic regressions showed that sociodemographic factors and perceptions of COVID-19 significantly predict mental health outcomes. These findings warrant the consideration of easily accessible low-intensity mental health interventions during and beyond this pandemic.},
author = {Banna, Md Hasan Al and Sayeed, Abu and Kundu, Satyajit and Christopher, Enryka and Hasan, M Tasdik and Begum, Musammet Rasheda and Kormoker, Tapos and Dola, Shekh Tanjina Islam and Hassan, Md Mehedi and Chowdhury, Sukanta and Khan, Md Shafiqul Islam},
doi = {10.1080/09603123.2020.1802409},
issn = {1369-1619 (Electronic)},
journal = {International journal of environmental health research},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--12},
pmid = {32741205},
title = {{The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the adult population in  Bangladesh: a nationwide cross-sectional study.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bronimann2020,
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite the plethora of publications discussing the severe  respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), evidence of viral secretion in urine is sparse. RECENT FINDINGS: We could identify 34 publications including a total of 2172 patients. Among those, 549 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 secretion in urine, which was detected in only 38 patients (6.9{\%}). Within the seven studies displaying positive results, the majority of positive patients (86.8{\%}) was from not yet peer-reviewed studies including weak data and heterogeneous techniques for sample testing. Furthermore, none of the studies available in the literature addressed the virulence of detected viral RNA in urine. SUMMARY: Overall, only seven studies were able to detect SARS-CoV-2 secretion in urine, all of them with a considerably low rate of positivity. However, these studies were of rather low quality considering their methodology. Despite this, as SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in urine, it is of importance to discuss safety and urinary hygiene protocols. Until further research provides valid data on viral shedding and virulence in urine, potential risk of transmission through urine cannot be ruled out. Therefore, safety and hygiene measures need to be discussed.},
author = {Br{\"{o}}nimann, Stephan and Rebhan, Katharina and Lemberger, Ursula and Misrai, Vincent and Shariat, Shahrokh F and Pradere, Benjamin},
doi = {10.1097/MOU.0000000000000808},
issn = {1473-6586 (Electronic)},
journal = {Current opinion in urology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {735--739},
pmid = {32701726},
title = {{Secretion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in urine.}},
volume = {30},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Cinelli2020,
abstract = {Stringent measures have been taken to contain COVID-19 spread, limiting access only  for urgent visits, surgery procedures, or hospitalizations and using teledermatology services for non-urgent cases. Management of oncological patients affected by chemo-, immune-, and radiotherapy-related cutaneous and mucosal adverse events is a challenge. Firstly because of the differential diagnosis of cutaneous rash (e.g., drug-related rash or paraviral exanthema). Secondly, oncological patients can suffer from xerosis, pruritus, and mucositis that contribute to cutaneous and mucosal barrier lesions, thus becoming vulnerable site for viral or bacterial colonization. These lesions can also be aggravated by the use of protective mask and gloves. Here, we report also our results of a teledermatological survey on 87 oncological patients, where the health status of oncological patients referred to our dedicated clinic was assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is fundamental that oncological patients are followed up by their dermatologists even if the clinics are closed. Teledermatology represents a crucial means of communication. Patients can contact the dermatological staff by emails and telephone, 24 h a day, 7 days a week, for video calls and dermatological consultations.},
author = {Cinelli, Eleonora and Fabbrocini, Gabriella and Fattore, Davide and Marasca, Claudio and Damiani, Giovanni and Annunziata, Maria Carmela},
doi = {10.1007/s00520-020-05563-1},
issn = {1433-7339 (Electronic)},
journal = {Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of  Supportive Care in Cancer},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {3991--3993},
pmid = {32514616},
title = {{Safe distance, safe patients! Therapeutic management of oncological patients  affected by cutaneous and mucosal adverse events during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian experience.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Goswami2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has become a enormous  challenge for the health care facilitators. It has significantly affected the dental professionals in their clinical practices, hospitals and even dental schools. Due to the risk of cross - infection involved within in the dental setting, the dental professional is even scared to provide emergent treatment for a patient. AIM: The aim of this comparative review is to throw light on the essential knowledge that a clinician must acquire before triaging a patient, understanding the case definition of COVID-19 and preparedness required before planning to re-open the dental practices. METHODOLOGY: The updated database obtained from various governmental and non-governmental official webpages were rapidly analysed up till May 31, 2020. CONCLUSION: This compilation of recommendations and guidance laid by various authorities across the world will function as a foundation for safer dental practice within the future.},
author = {Goswami, Mousumi and Chawla, Sakshi},
doi = {10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.06.014},
issn = {2212-4268 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
pages = {374--384},
pmid = {32704470},
title = {{Time to restart: A comparative compilation of triage recommendations in dentistry  during the Covid -19 pandemic.}},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bigaut2020,
author = {Bigaut, K{\'{e}}vin and Mallaret, Martial and Baloglu, Seyyid and Nemoz, Benjamin and Morand, Patrice and Baicry, Florent and Godon, Alexandre and Voulleminot, Paul and Kremer, Laurent and Chanson, Jean-Baptiste and de Seze, J{\'{e}}r{\^{o}}me},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000785},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {Adult,Aged,Ageusia,Asthenia,Ataxia,Coronavirus Infections,Diarrhea,Facial Paralysis,Female,Guillain-Barre Syndrome,Humans,Immunoglobulins, Intravenous,Immunologic Factors,Male,Middle Aged,Myalgia,Neural Conduction,Olfaction Disorders,Pandemics,Paraparesis,Paresthesia,Pneumonia, Viral,Quadriplegia,Reflex, Abnormal,Respiratory Insufficiency,cerebrospinal fluid,complications,etiology,physiopathology,therapeutic use,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32461235},
title = {{Guillain-Barr{\'{e}} syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Panwar2020,
abstract = {Presently, COVID-19 has posed a serious threat to researchers, scientists, health  professionals, and administrations around the globe from its detection to its treatment. The whole world is witnessing a lockdown like situation because of COVID-19 pandemic. Persistent efforts are being made by the researchers to obtain the possible solutions to control this pandemic in their respective areas. One of the most common and effective methods applied by the researchers is the use of CT-Scans and X-rays to analyze the images of lungs for COVID-19. However, it requires several radiology specialists and time to manually inspect each report which is one of the challenging tasks in a pandemic. In this paper, we have proposed a deep learning neural network-based method nCOVnet, an alternative fast screening method that can be used for detecting the COVID-19 by analyzing the X-rays of patients which will look for visual indicators found in the chest radiography imaging of COVID-19 patients.},
author = {Panwar, Harsh and Gupta, P K and Siddiqui, Mohammad Khubeb and Morales-Menendez, Ruben and Singh, Vaishnavi},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109944},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109944},
pmid = {32536759},
title = {{Application of deep learning for fast detection of COVID-19 in X-Rays using nCOVnet.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yuen2020,
abstract = {The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2  virus, is now causing a tremendous global health concern. Since its first appearance in December 2019, the outbreak has already caused over 5.8 million infections worldwide (till 29 May 2020), with more than 0.35 million deaths. Early virus-mediated immune suppression is believed to be one of the unique characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection and contributes at least partially to the viral pathogenesis. In this study, we identified the key viral interferon antagonists of SARS-CoV-2 and compared them with two well-characterized SARS-CoV interferon antagonists, PLpro and orf6. Here we demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, nsp14, nsp15 and orf6, but not the unique orf8, could potently suppress primary interferon production and interferon signalling. Although SARS-CoV PLpro has been well-characterized for its potent interferon-antagonizing, deubiquitinase and protease activities, SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, despite sharing high amino acid sequence similarity with SARS-CoV, loses both interferon-antagonising and deubiquitinase activities. Among the 27 viral proteins, SARS-CoV-2 orf6 demonstrated the strongest suppression on both primary interferon production and interferon signalling. Orf6-deleted SARS-CoV-2 may be considered for the development of intranasal live-but-attenuated vaccine against COVID-19.},
author = {Yuen, Chun-Kit and Lam, Joy-Yan and Wong, Wan-Man and Mak, Long-Fung and Wang, Xiaohui and Chu, Hin and Cai, Jian-Piao and Jin, Dong-Yan and To, Kelvin Kai-Wang and Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo and Yuen, Kwok-Yung and Kok, Kin-Hang},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1780953},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Cell Line,Coronavirus Infections,Endoribonucleases,Exoribonucleases,Host-Pathogen Interactions,Humans,Interferons,Methyltransferases,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA Helicases,Viral Nonstructural Proteins,Viral Proteins,antagonists {\&} inhibitors,genetics,metabolism,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1418--1428},
pmid = {32529952},
title = {{SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, nsp14, nsp15 and orf6 function as potent interferon antagonists.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{ElTaguri2020,
abstract = {In spite of the relatively high morbidity and mortality, there is no approved  medication yet for COVID-19. There are more than 200 ongoing trials on different drugs or vaccines, but new medications may take until 2021 to develop. Defining the optimal number of patients to be included in a study is a considerable challenge in these interventional researches. Ethical considerations prompt researchers to minimize the number of patients included in a trial. This gains particular importance when the disease is rare or lethal which is particularly so in the case of COVID-19. It is of paramount importance to explore some of the available tools that could help accelerate the adoption of any or some of the many proposed modalities for the treatment of diseases. These tools should be effective, yet efficient, for rapid testing of such treatments. Sequential analysis has not been frequently used in many clinical trials where it should have been used. None of the authors in published literature, as far as we know, used sequential analysis techniques to test potential drugs for COVID-19. In addition to its usefulness when the results of new forms of treatment are quickly needed, other important benefit of sequential analysis includes the ability to reach a similar conclusion about the utility of a new drug without unduly exposing more patients to the side effect of the old drug, in particularly, for the treatment of a rare disease.},
author = {El Taguri, Adel and Nasef, Aisha},
doi = {10.1080/19932820.2020.1770518},
issn = {1819-6357 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Libyan journal of medicine},
keywords = {Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Clinical Trials as Topic,Coronavirus Infections,Drug Discovery,Evidence-Based Medicine,Global Health,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,drug therapy,therapeutic use,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1770518},
pmid = {32459574},
title = {{The world is waiting, use sequential analysis and get us the evidence-based  treatment we need for COVID-19.}},
volume = {15},
year = {2020}
}
@article{He2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus called SARS-Cov-2, which shared 82{\%} similarity of  genome sequence with SARS-CoV, was found in Wuhan in late December of 2019, causing an epidemic outbreak of novel coronavirus-induced pneumonia with dramatically increasing number of cases. Several organs are vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was reported in parts of case-studies reporting characteristics of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed at analyzing the potential route of SARS-Cov-2 entry and mechanism at cellular level. METHOD: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology was used to obtain evidence of potential route and ACE2 expressing cell in renal system for underlying pathogenesis of kidney injury caused by COVID-19. The whole process was performed under R with Seurat packages. Canonical marker genes were used to annotate different types of cells. RESULTS: Ten different clusters were identified and ACE2 was mainly expressed in proximal tubule and glomerular parietal epithelial cells. From Gene Ontology (GO) {\&} KEGG enrichment analysis, imbalance of ACE2 expression, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, and neutrophil-related processes were the main issue of COVID-19 leading kidney injury. CONCLUSION: Our study provided the cellular evidence that SARS-Cov-2 invaded human kidney tissue via proximal convoluted tubule, proximal tubule, proximal straight tubule cells, and glomerular parietal cells by means of ACE2-related pathway and used their cellular protease TMPRSS2 for priming.},
author = {He, Qiyu and Mok, Tsz N and Yun, Liang and He, Chengbo and Li, Jieruo and Pan, Jinghua},
doi = {10.1002/mgg3.1442},
issn = {2324-9269 (Electronic)},
journal = {Molecular genetics {\&} genomic medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {e1442},
pmid = {32744436},
title = {{Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of human kidney reveals the presence of ACE2  receptor: A potential pathway of COVID-19 infection.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Manca2020,
abstract = {The different stages of Covid-19 pandemic can be described by two key-variables: ICU  patients and deaths in hospitals. We propose simple models that can be used by medical doctors and decision makers to predict the trends on both short-term and long-term horizons. Daily updates of the models with real data allow forecasting some key indicators for decision-making (an Excel file in the Supplemental material allows computing them). These are beds allocation, residence time, doubling time, rate of renewal, maximum daily rate of change (positive/negative), halfway points, maximum plateaus, asymptotic conditions, and dates and time intervals when some key thresholds are overtaken. Doubling time of ICU beds for Covid-19 emergency can be as low as 2-3 days at the outbreak of the pandemic. The models allow identifying the possible departure of the phenomenon from the predicted trend and thus can play the role of early warning systems and describe further outbreaks.},
author = {Manca, Davide and Caldiroli, Dario and Storti, Enrico},
doi = {10.1016/j.compchemeng.2020.106945},
issn = {0098-1354 (Print)},
journal = {Computers {\&} chemical engineering},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {106945},
pmid = {32565584},
title = {{A simplified math approach to predict ICU beds and mortality rate for hospital  emergency planning under Covid-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {140},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Merchant2020,
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Increasingly, digital technologies, especially mobile  telecommunications and smartphone apps, are seen as a novel tool for managing severe mental disorders (SMDs) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is a need to identify best practices in the use of digital technologies to effectively reach, support, and manage care for patients living with SMDs. In this review, we summarize recent studies using digital technology to manage symptoms and support clinical care for this patient population and discuss new opportunities to advance digital psychiatry research and practice in LMICs. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies evaluating digital interventions for clinical populations living with SMDs in LMICs are limited. Yet, across recent articles surveyed, digital technology appears to yield diverse benefits for this at-risk patient population. These benefits include improved medication adherence, appointment adherence, reduced instances of relapse, and fewer re-hospitalizations. SUMMARY: Continued rigorous research evaluating effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of digital technologies in reaching, treating, and managing symptoms and supporting clinical care for patients with SMDs in LMICs is vital. The urgency for remote approaches for delivering specialized psychiatric care is particularly pronounced because of the immediate and long-term impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on access to in-person services. Future research should emphasize participatory approaches rooted in a process of codesign with target users, in order to achieve clinically effective remotely delivered digital mental health interventions.},
author = {Merchant, Rutvij and Torous, John and Rodriguez-Villa, Elena and Naslund, John A},
doi = {10.1097/YCO.0000000000000626},
issn = {1473-6578 (Electronic)},
journal = {Current opinion in psychiatry},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {501--507},
pmid = {32520747},
title = {{Digital technology for management of severe mental disorders in low-income and  middle-income countries.}},
volume = {33},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yuksel2020,
abstract = {Immunocompromised patients may be at increased risk to develop COVID-19 during the  2019 $\beta$-coronavirus infection. We present the unique opportunity we had to monitor the liver, IL-6 and immune cell course before, during and after COVID-19 in a boy with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). CD4 and CD8 T cells frequencies decreased because of prednisolone, followed by a plateauing increase whereas CD19CD20 B cell increased strongly and was unaffected by COVID-19 infection. Moreover, the percentage of activated CD8 T cells expressing HLA-DR (CD8HLA-DR) increased during COVID-19 and subsided after its clearance. Total regulatory T cells (Tregs: CD4CD25CD127FOXP3) remained stable. Although activated Tregs (CD4CD45RAFOXP3) strongly increased upon prednisolone, it decreased afterwards. Furthermore, regulatory B cells (Bregs: CD19CD20CD24CD38) declined sharply owing to prednisolone. Serum IL-6 remained undetectable at all times. We demonstrated for the first time immune monitoring in a child with AIH and T1D before, during and after COVID-19. We hypothesize that continuing with low level of prednisolone without azathioprine may have abrogated activated Tregs, Bregs and IL-6 production and therefore permitting the activation of CD8 T cells, clearing the virus.},
author = {Yuksel, Muhammed and Akturk, Hacer and Arikan, Cigdem},
doi = {10.1097/MEG.0000000000001804},
issn = {1473-5687 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of gastroenterology {\&} hepatology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1251--1255},
pmid = {32541245},
title = {{Immune monitoring of a child with autoimmune hepatitis and type 1 diabetes during  COVID-19 infection.}},
volume = {32},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Alkahtani2020,
abstract = {a mathematical model depicting the spread of covid-19 epidemic and implementation of  population covid-19 intervention in Italy. The model has 8 components leading to system of 8 ordinary differential equations. In this paper, we investigate the model using the concept of fractional differential operator. A numerical method based on the Lagrange polynomial was used to solve the system equations depicting the spread of COVID-19. A detailed investigation of stability including reproductive number using the next generation matrix, and the Lyapunov were presented in detail. Numerical simulations are depicted for various fractional orders.},
author = {Alkahtani, Badr Saad T and Alzaid, Sara Salem},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110006},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {110006},
pmid = {32565623},
title = {{A novel mathematics model of covid-19 with fractional derivative. Stability and  numerical analysis.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Wang2020a,
abstract = {Measures taken to control the disease (Covid-19) caused by the novel coronavirus  dramatically reduced the number of vehicles on the road and diminished factory production. For this study, changes in the air quality index (AQI) and the concentrations of six air pollutants (PM(2.5), PM(10), CO, SO(2), NO(2), and O(3)) were evaluated during the Covid-19 control period in northern China. Overall, the air quality improved, most likely due to reduced emissions from the transportation and secondary industrial sectors. Specifically, the transportation sector was linked to the NO(2) emission reductions, while lower emissions from secondary industries were the major cause for the reductions of PM(2.5) and CO. The reduction in SO(2) concentrations was only linked to the industrial sector. However, the reductions in emissions did not fully eliminate air pollution, and O(3) actually increased, possibly because lower fine particle loadings led to less scavenging of HO(2) and as a result greater O(3) production. These results also highlight need to control emissions from the residential sector.},
author = {Wang, Yichen and Yuan, Yuan and Wang, Qiyuan and Liu, ChenGuang and Zhi, Qiang and Cao, Junji},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139133},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Environmental Monitoring,Humans,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139133},
pmid = {32402905},
title = {{Changes in air quality related to the control of coronavirus in China: Implications  for traffic and industrial emissions.}},
volume = {731},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Leibel2020,
abstract = {The normal development of the pulmonary system is critical to transitioning from  placental-dependent fetal life to alveolar-dependent newborn life. Human lung development and disease have been difficult to study due to the lack of an in vitro model system containing cells from the large airways and distal alveolus. This article describes a system that allows human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to differentiate and form three-dimensional (3D) structures that emulate the development, cytoarchitecture, and function of the lung ("organoids"), containing epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations, and including the production of surfactant and presence of ciliated cells. The organoids can also be invested with mesoderm derivatives, differentiated from the same human pluripotent stem cells, such as alveolar macrophages and vasculature. Such lung organoids may be used to study the impact of environmental modifiers and perturbagens (toxins, microbial or viral pathogens, alterations in microbiome) or the efficacy and safety of drugs, biologics, and gene transfer. {\textcopyright} 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: hESC/hiPSC dissection, definitive endoderm formation, and lung progenitor cell induction.},
author = {Leibel, Sandra L and McVicar, Rachael N and Winquist, Alicia M and Niles, Walter D and Snyder, Evan Y},
doi = {10.1002/cpsc.118},
issn = {1938-8969 (Electronic)},
journal = {Current protocols in stem cell biology},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Cell Culture Techniques,Cell Differentiation,Coronavirus Infections,Endoderm,Human Embryonic Stem Cells,Humans,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells,Lung,Models, Biological,Organoids,Pandemics,Patient-Specific Modeling,Pneumonia, Viral,Respiratory Tract Infections,Time-Lapse Imaging,cytology,growth {\&} development,pathology,physiology,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {1},
pages = {e118},
pmid = {32640120},
title = {{Generation of Complete Multi-Cell Type Lung Organoids From Human Embryonic and  Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Infectious Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Validation.}},
volume = {54},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zhang2020c,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 epidemic period, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)  course for international students of Medical Bachelor, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program in Zhejiang University has shifted from traditional classroom to online environment. This study aimed to investigate MBBS international students' perception on online TCM course, and to assess the online learning efficacy. METHODS: A total of 84 MBBS international students attending course of "Basic Traditional Chinese Medicine" during 2020 academic years at Zhejiang University were enrolled in this study. A quantitative questionnaire was respectively completed before and after the TCM course using a pretest-post-test design. By means of two online learning platforms, Learning in ZJU and DingTalk, TCM course was broadcast in both live and archived format to students. RESULTS: A total of 48 participants completed both baseline and follow-up questionnaires. The majority of participants preferred face-to-face classroom learning (26, 54.17{\%} of total) when compared with online learning. Students felt that the course had brought in much benefits (mean 3.88, SD 0.87), and they were satisfied with the course content (mean 3.83, SD 0.95). Students' TCM related knowledge and their behaviors of discussion and consulting were significantly improved by online TCM course (all P {\textless} 0.001). Students' awareness of the necessity of TCM education and their feeling of difficulty in learning TCM were significantly strengthened (P = 0.042, 0.025, respectively). CONCLUSION: Online learning is a good alternative for TCM course of MBBS international students when classroom learning is suspended, whereas it cannot replace the need for onsite and face-to-face learning.},
author = {Zhang, Qing and He, Yi-Jing and Zhu, Yu-Hang and Dai, Min-Chen and Pan, Man-Man and Wu, Jia-Qi and Zhang, Xian and Gu, Ying-Er and Wang, Fang-Fang and Xu, Xiang-Rong and Qu, Fan},
doi = {10.1016/j.imr.2020.100449},
issn = {2213-4220 (Print)},
journal = {Integrative medicine research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {100449},
pmid = {32632357},
title = {{The evaluation of online course of Traditional Chinese Medicine for MBBS  international students during the COVID-19 epidemic period.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yuan2020,
abstract = {The emergences of coronaviruses have caused a serious global public health problem  because their infection in humans caused the severe acute respiratory disease and deaths. The outbreaks of lethal coronaviruses have taken place for three times within recent two decades (SARS-CoV in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019). Much more serious than SARS-CoV in 2002, the current SARS-CoV-2 infection has been spreading to more than 213 countries, areas or territories and causing more than two million cases up to date (17 April 2020). Unfortunately, no vaccine and specific anti-coronavirus drugs are available at present time. Current clinical treatment at hand is inadequate to suppress viral replication and inflammation, and reverse organ failure. Intensive research efforts have focused on increasing our understanding of viral biology of SARS-CoV-2, improving antiviral therapy and vaccination strategies. The animal models are important for both the fundamental research and drug discovery of coronavirus. This review aims to summarize the animal models currently available for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and their potential use for the study of SARS-CoV-2. We will discuss the benefits and caveats of these animal models and present critical findings that might guide the fundamental studies and urgent treatment of SARS-CoV-2-caused diseases.},
author = {Yuan, Lunzhi and Tang, Qiyi and Cheng, Tong and Xia, Ningshao},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1764871},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Animals,Betacoronavirus,Coronaviridae Infections,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Models, Animal,Humans,Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Research,SARS Virus,pathology,physiology,prevention {\&} control,trends},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {949--961},
pmid = {32378471},
title = {{Animal models for emerging coronavirus: progress and new insights.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yang2020b,
author = {Yang, Huikuan and Chen, Dandan and Jiang, Qunfang and Yuan, Zhaohu},
doi = {10.1017/S0950268820001703},
issn = {1469-4409 (Electronic)},
journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--24},
pmid = {32741410},
title = {{High intensities of population movement were associated with high incidence of  COVID-19 during the pandemic.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Andrews2020,
abstract = {With increasing frequency, humans are facing outbreaks of emerging infectious  diseases (EIDs) with the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality. In the most extreme instances, such outbreaks can become pandemics, as we are now witnessing with COVID-19. According to the World Health Organization, this new disease, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has already infected more than 10 million people worldwide and led to 499,913 deaths as of 29 June, 2020. How high these numbers will eventually go depends on many factors, including policies on travel and movement, availability of medical support, and, because there is no vaccine or highly effective treatment, the pace of biomedical research. Other than an approved antiviral drug that can be repurposed, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) hold the most promise for providing a stopgap measure to lessen the impact of an outbreak while vaccines are in development. Technical advances in mAb identification, combined with the flexibility and clinical experience of mAbs in general, make them ideal candidates for rapid deployment. Furthermore, the development of mAb cocktails can provide a faster route to developing a robust medical intervention than searching for a single, outstanding mAb. In addition, mAbs are well-suited for integration into platform technologies for delivery, in which minimal components need to be changed in order to be redirected against a novel pathogen. In particular, utilizing the manufacturing and logistical benefits of DNA-based platform technologies in order to deliver one or more antiviral mAbs has the potential to revolutionize EID responses.},
author = {Andrews, Chasity D and Huang, Yaoxing and Ho, David D and Liberatore, Rachel A},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1787108},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Animals,Antibodies, Monoclonal,Antibodies, Viral,Antiviral Agents,Biological Products,Communicable Diseases, Emerging,Coronavirus Infections,DNA,Drug Discovery,Humans,Mice,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Post-Exposure Prophylaxis,Time Factors,drug therapy,genetics,prevention {\&} control,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1523--1533},
pmid = {32579067},
title = {{In vivo expressed biologics for infectious disease prophylaxis: rapid delivery of  DNA-based antiviral antibodies.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hedde2020,
abstract = {To detect the presence of antibodies in blood against SARS-CoV-2 in a highly  sensitive and specific manner, here we describe a robust, inexpensive ({\$}200), 3D-printable portable imaging platform (TinyArray imager) that can be deployed immediately in areas with minimal infrastructure to read coronavirus antigen microarrays (CoVAMs) that contain a panel of antigens from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-1, MERS, and other respiratory viruses. Application includes basic laboratories and makeshift field clinics where a few drops of blood from a finger prick could be rapidly tested in parallel for the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 with a test turnaround time of only 2-4 h. To evaluate our imaging device, we probed and imaged coronavirus microarrays with COVID-19-positive and negative sera and achieved a performance on par with a commercial microarray reader 100× more expensive than our imaging device. This work will enable large scale serosurveillance, which can play an important role in the months and years to come to implement efficient containment and mitigation measures, as well as help develop therapeutics and vaccines to treat and prevent the spread of COVID-19.},
author = {Hedde, Per Niklas and Abram, Timothy J and Jain, Aarti and Nakajima, Rie and {Ramiro de Assis}, Rafael and Pearce, Trevor and Jasinskas, Algis and Toosky, Melody N and Khan, Saahir and Felgner, Philip L and Gratton, Enrico and Zhao, Weian},
doi = {10.1039/d0lc00547a},
issn = {1473-0189 (Electronic)},
journal = {Lab on a chip},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32743622},
title = {{A modular microarray imaging system for highly specific COVID-19 antibody testing.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lewis2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated the need for frequent end-of-life  discussions. The circumstances surrounding these conversations are quite atypical. Here, I describe one such goals-of-care discussion during the pandemic and how I relied on the precedent of prior goals-of-care discussions to guide me through an unprecedented situation.},
author = {Lewis, Ariane},
doi = {10.1177/1049909120941881},
issn = {1938-2715 (Electronic)},
journal = {The American journal of hospice {\&} palliative care},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {873--874},
pmid = {32662339},
title = {{Discussing Goals of Care in a Pandemic: Precedent for an Unprecedented Situation.}},
volume = {37},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Boland2020,
abstract = {Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic for treatment resistant schizophrenia  but adverse reactions to clozapine include neutropenia. The current COVID-19 pandemic may raise specific concerns for clinicians prescribing clozapine for patients who need it. We report on two actively psychotic patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia who required admission to our inner-London acute psychiatric unit during the COVID-19 pandemic and who were treated with clozapine. One was a young patient who developed COVID-19 symptoms and tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus while receiving clozapine and the other was an aging man who tested negative for the SARS-CoV-2 virus but had contact with COVID-19 during initiation of clozapine treatment. Both responded to clozapine treatment and were safely discharged from hospital without any complication. These cases suggest that, in the absence of complications, exposure to COVID-19 per se and the onset of mild symptoms in those infected may not warrant withdrawal or postponement of clozapine treatment when this is indicated.},
author = {Boland, Xavier and Dratcu, Luiz},
booktitle = {Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of  the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
doi = {10.9758/cpn.2020.18.3.450},
issn = {1738-1088 (Print)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {3},
pages = {450--453},
pmid = {32702224},
title = {{Clozapine in the Time of COVID-19.}},
volume = {18},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Jang2020,
author = {Jang, Jong Geol and Ahn, June Hong},
booktitle = {Journal of Korean medical science},
doi = {10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e275},
issn = {1598-6357 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {30},
pages = {e275},
pmid = {32743994},
title = {{The Author's Response: Prognostic Accuracy of the SIRS, qSOFA, and NEWS for Early  Detection of Clinical Deterioration in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients.}},
volume = {35},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kanniah2020,
abstract = {Since its first appearance in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, the new coronavirus  (COVID-19) has evolved a global pandemic within three months, with more than 4.3 million confirmed cases worldwide until mid-May 2020. As many countries around the world, Malaysia and other southeast Asian (SEA) countries have also enforced lockdown at different degrees to contain the spread of the disease, which has brought some positive effects on natural environment. Therefore, evaluating the reduction in anthropogenic emissions due to COVID-19 and the related governmental measures to restrict its expansion is crucial to assess its impacts on air pollution and economic growth. In this study, we used aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from Himawari-8 satellite, along with tropospheric NO(2) column density from Aura-OMI over SEA, and ground-based pollution measurements at several stations across Malaysia, in order to quantify the changes in aerosol and air pollutants associated with the general shutdown of anthropogenic and industrial activities due to COVID-19. The lockdown has led to a notable decrease in AOD over SEA and in the pollution outflow over the oceanic regions, while a significant decrease (27{\%} - 30{\%}) in tropospheric NO(2) was observed over areas not affected by seasonal biomass burning. Especially in Malaysia, PM(10), PM(2.5), NO(2), SO(2), and CO concentrations have been decreased by 26-31{\%}, 23-32{\%}, 63-64{\%}, 9-20{\%}, and 25-31{\%}, respectively, in the urban areas during the lockdown phase, compared to the same periods in 2018 and 2019. Notable reductions are also seen at industrial, suburban and rural sites across the country. Quantifying the reductions in major and health harmful air pollutants is crucial for health-related research and for air-quality and climate-change studies.},
author = {Kanniah, Kasturi Devi and {Kamarul Zaman}, Nurul Amalin Fatihah and Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G and Latif, Mohd Talib},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139658},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollution,Asia, Southeastern,Betacoronavirus,Carbon Monoxide,Coronavirus Infections,Environmental Monitoring,Humans,Malaysia,Nitrogen Dioxide,Oceans and Seas,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral,Sulfur Dioxide,analysis},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139658},
pmid = {32492613},
title = {{COVID-19's impact on the atmospheric environment in the Southeast Asia region.}},
volume = {736},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Vrachatis2020,
author = {Vrachatis, Dimitrios A and Giotaki, Sotiria G and Giannopoulos, Georgios},
booktitle = {International journal of cardiology},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.05.003},
issn = {1874-1754 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {96},
pmid = {32560766},
title = {{COVID-19 myocardial injury: We have much more to discover.}},
volume = {314},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Peloso2020,
abstract = {This survey aimed to assess the concerns of students of health-related higher  education in Brazil regarding distance learning during the coronavirus pandemic. A Google Forms anonymous questionnaire was sent by WhatsApp Messenger to students at a private university. Seven hundred and four students answered the questionnaire (566 female, 138 male, mean age = 23.09 years), reflecting approximately a third of the students in health-related disciplines. Students reported feeling anxious due to the pandemic. Most of the students agreed with having the ability to continue education through distance learning, but relatively few of them enjoyed it. Also, students were concerned that learning of clinical material and professional training would be impaired, and they were afraid of failing the year of education. Health-related higher education private institutions in Brazil should focus on reassessing and prioritizing their policies and protocols and include a detailed plan for the future.},
author = {Peloso, Renan Morais and Ferruzzi, Fernanda and Mori, Aline Akemi and Camacho, Daiane Pereira and Franzin, Lucimara Cheles da Silva and {Margioto Teston}, Ana Paula and Freitas, Karina Maria Salvatore},
doi = {10.1177/0163278720939302},
issn = {1552-3918 (Electronic)},
journal = {Evaluation {\&} the health professions},
keywords = {Attitude to Health,Brazil,Coronavirus Infections,Education, Distance,Female,Humans,Male,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Students,Surveys and Questionnaires,Universities,Young Adult,epidemiology,psychology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {201--203},
pmid = {32608250},
title = {{Notes from the Field: Concerns of Health-Related Higher Education Students in Brazil  Pertaining to Distance Learning During the Coronavirus Pandemic.}},
volume = {43},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kassa2020,
abstract = {In this article, a mathematical model for the transmission of COVID-19 disease is  formulated and analysed. It is shown that the model exhibits a backward bifurcation at R0 = 1 when recovered individuals do not develop a permanent immunity for the disease. In the absence of reinfection, it is proved that the model is without backward bifurcation and the disease free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable for R0 {\textless} 1 . By using available data, the model is validated and parameter values are estimated. The sensitivity of the value of R0 to changes in any of the parameter values involved in its formula is analysed. Moreover, various mitigation strategies are investigated using the proposed model and it is observed that the asymptomatic infectious group of individuals may play the major role in the re-emergence of the disease in the future. Therefore, it is recommended that in the absence of vaccination, countries need to develop capacities to detect and isolate at least 30{\%} of the asymptomatic infectious group of individuals while treating in isolation at least 50{\%} of symptomatic patients to control the disease.},
author = {Kassa, Semu M and Njagarah, John B H and Terefe, Yibeltal A},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109968},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109968},
pmid = {32536760},
title = {{Analysis of the mitigation strategies for COVID-19: From mathematical modelling  perspective.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Berthelot2020,
abstract = {We previously made the hypothesis that STING contributes to COVID-19. The present  review detail new arguments for over-activation of STING pathways in COVID-19, following the description of hyper-coagulability and Kawasaki-like diseases in children. Indeed, Kawasaki disease is induced by overreaction of innate cells following exposition to various viruses, including herpes viruses which trigger STING. It predisposes to diffuse vasculitis and aneurysms, whereas STING is over-expressed in arterial aneurisms. The redness at the inoculation site of bacillus Calmette-Gu{\'{e}}rin, a specific feature of Kawasaki disease, is reproduced by activation of the STING pathway, which is inhibited upstream by aspirin, intravenous immunoglobulins, and Vitamin-D. SARS-CoV2 binding to ACE2 can lead to excessive angiotensin II signaling, which activates the STING pathway in mice. Over-activation of the STING-pathway promotes hyper-coagulability through release of interferon-$\beta$ and tissue factor by monocytes-macrophages. Aspirin and dipyridamole, besides their anti-platelet activity, also reduce tissue factor procoagulant activity, and aspirin inhibits the STING pathway upstream of STING. Aspirin and dipyridamole may be used, in combination with drugs blocking downstream the activation of the STING pathway, like inhibitors of IL-6R and JAK/STAT pathways. The risk of bleeding should be low as bleeding has not been reported in severe COVID-19 patients.},
author = {Berthelot, Jean-Marie and Drouet, Ludovic and Liot{\'{e}}, Fr{\'{e}}d{\'{e}}ric},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1785336},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Angiotensin II,Animals,Aspirin,Blood Coagulation Disorders,Coronavirus Infections,Dipyridamole,Humans,Immunoglobulins, Intravenous,Interferons,Membrane Proteins,Mice,Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome,Pandemics,Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors,Pneumonia, Viral,Signal Transduction,Thrombosis,complications,drug therapy,etiology,metabolism,therapeutic use,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1514--1522},
pmid = {32574107},
title = {{Kawasaki-like diseases and thrombotic coagulopathy in COVID-19: delayed  over-activation of the STING pathway?}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Fourtassi2020,
author = {Fourtassi, Maryam and Hjiej, Ghita and Touissi, Youness and Hajjioui, Abderrazak and Abda, Naima},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1787123},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1787123},
pmid = {32594862},
title = {{How has the COVID-19 pandemic improved evidence-based-medicine awareness among  undergraduate medical students?}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Dhama2020,
abstract = {SUMMARYIn recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different  geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola virus, Zika virus, Nipah virus, and coronaviruses (CoVs). Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility of other routes should not be ruled out. Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Compared to other emerging viruses, such as Ebola virus, avian H7N9, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 has shown relatively low pathogenicity and moderate transmissibility. Codon usage studies suggest that this novel virus has been transferred from an animal source, such as bats. Early diagnosis by real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing has facilitated the identification of the pathogen at an early stage. Since no antiviral drug or vaccine exists to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2, potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being evaluated predominantly stem from previous experience with treating SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and other emerging viral diseases. In this review, we address epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, including perspectives of vaccines and preventive measures that have already been globally recommended to counter this pandemic virus.},
author = {Dhama, Kuldeep and Khan, Sharun and Tiwari, Ruchi and Sircar, Shubhankar and Bhat, Sudipta and Malik, Yashpal Singh and Singh, Karam Pal and Chaicumpa, Wanpen and Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine and Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J},
doi = {10.1128/CMR.00028-20},
issn = {1098-6618 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinical microbiology reviews},
keywords = {Animals,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,diagnosis,epidemiology,physiology,therapy,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {4},
pmid = {32580969},
title = {{Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19.}},
volume = {33},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Niknam2020,
abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic and the decision-making process of whether  to perform urgent procedures during a surge are issues that will likely not disappear in the near future as reflected by the current rise in COVID cases in the southern and western United States and the resurgent numbers of confirmed cases around that world leading to are leading to new lock-downs. Multi-disciplinary discussions will continue to be important to decide individual risk and benefit profiles for patients with asymptomatic COVID patients moving forward. While imperfect, this most recent study provides more insight to some of the risks that should be weighed in these discussions. Further prospective, longitudinal research and better understanding of the heterogeneity of the COVID positive patient will further enhance understanding the decision-making process in the cardiac surgical patient through these difficult times.},
author = {Niknam, Jonathan and Rong, Lisa Q},
doi = {10.1111/jocs.14918},
issn = {1540-8191 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of cardiac surgery},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32743814},
title = {{Asymptomatic patients with coronavirus disease and cardiac surgery: When should you  operate?}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Nakada2020,
abstract = {In early March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 as a  pandemic, and in late March 2020 partial lockdown was ordered by the S{\~{a}}o Paulo state government. The aim of this study was to assess impacts on air quality in S{\~{a}}o Paulo - Brazil, during the partial lockdown implemented to provide social distancing required due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We have analyzed data from four air quality stations in S{\~{a}}o Paulo, Brazil to assess air pollutant concentration variations during the partial lockdown. Data were compared to the five-year monthly mean and to the four-week before the partial lockdown. Overall, drastic reductions on NO (up to -77.3{\%}), NO(2) (up to -54.3{\%}), and CO (up to -64.8{\%}) concentrations were observed in the urban area during partial lockdown compared to the five-year monthly mean. By contrast, an increase of approximately 30{\%} in ozone concentrations was observed in urban areas highly influenced by vehicle traffic, probably related to nitrogen monoxide decreases. Although the partial lockdown has contributed to a positive impact on air quality, it is important to take into account the negative impacts on social aspects, considering the deaths caused by COVID-19 and also the dramatic economic effects.},
author = {Nakada, Liane Yuri Kondo and Urban, Rodrigo Custodio},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139087},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,Brazil,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139087},
pmid = {32380370},
title = {{COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in S{\~{a}}o  Paulo state, Brazil.}},
volume = {730},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Malik2020,
abstract = {Coronaviruses are the well-known cause of severe respiratory, enteric and systemic  infections in a wide range of hosts including man, mammals, fish, and avian. The scientific interest on coronaviruses increased after the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreaks in 2002-2003 followed by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV). This decade's first CoV, named 2019-nCoV, emerged from Wuhan, China, and declared as 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern' on January 30(th), 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). As on February 4, 2020, 425 deaths reported in China only and one death outside China (Philippines). In a short span of time, the virus spread has been noted in 24 countries. The zoonotic transmission (animal-to-human) is suspected as the route of disease origin. The genetic analyses predict bats as the most probable source of 2019-nCoV though further investigations needed to confirm the origin of the novel virus. The ongoing nCoV outbreak highlights the hidden wild animal reservoir of the deadly viruses and possible threat of spillover zoonoses as well. The successful virus isolation attempts have made doors open for developing better diagnostics and effective vaccines helping in combating the spread of the virus to newer areas.},
author = {Malik, Yashpal Singh and Sircar, Shubhankar and Bhat, Sudipta and Sharun, Khan and Dhama, Kuldeep and Dadar, Maryam and Tiwari, Ruchi and Chaicumpa, Wanpen},
doi = {10.1080/01652176.2020.1727993},
issn = {1875-5941 (Electronic)},
journal = {The veterinary quarterly},
keywords = {Animals,Betacoronavirus,Chiroptera,Communicable Diseases, Emerging,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Reservoirs,Humans,Pandemics,Phylogeny,Pneumonia, Viral,Zoonoses,classification,epidemiology,genetics,prevention {\&}  control,prevention {\&} control,transmission,veterinary,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {68--76},
pmid = {32036774},
title = {{Emerging novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-current scenario, evolutionary perspective  based on genome analysis and recent developments.}},
volume = {40},
year = {2020}
}
@article{MacKinnon2020,
author = {MacKinnon, Jessica and Bremshey, Alexane},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1763578},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Contraception,Coronavirus Infections,Family Planning Services,Female,Global Health,Health Policy,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Pregnancy,Reproductive Health,Women's Health,epidemiology,trends},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1763578},
pmid = {32354272},
title = {{Perspectives from a webinar: COVID-19 and sexual and reproductive health and rights.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ribaldone2020,
author = {Ribaldone, Davide G and Astegiano, Marco and Actis, Giovanni C and Pellicano, Rinaldo},
doi = {10.23736/S1121-421X.20.02707-5},
issn = {1827-1642 (Electronic)},
journal = {Minerva gastroenterologica e dietologica},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {184--186},
pmid = {32327626},
title = {{Management of inflammatory bowel disease during COVID-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {66},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hart2020,
abstract = {With the economic and practical limits of medical screening for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19  coming sharply into focus worldwide, scientists are turning now to wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a potential tool for assessing and managing the pandemic. We employed computational analysis and modeling to examine the feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges of enumerating active coronavirus infections locally and globally using WBE. Depending on local conditions, detection in community wastewater of one symptomatic/asymptomatic infected case per 100 to 2,000,000 non-infected people is theoretically feasible, with some practical successes now being reported from around the world. Computer simulations for past, present and emerging epidemic hotspots (e.g., Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York City, Teheran, Seattle, Detroit and New Orleans) identified temperature, average in-sewer travel time and per-capita water use as key variables. WBE surveillance of populations is shown to be orders of magnitude cheaper and faster than clinical screening, yet cannot fully replace it. Cost savings worldwide for one-time national surveillance campaigns are estimated to be in the million to billion US dollar range (US{\$}), depending on a nation's population size and number of testing rounds conducted. For resource poor regions and nations, WBE may represent the only viable means of effective surveillance. Important limitations of WBE rest with its inability to identify individuals and to pinpoint their specific locations. Not compensating for temperature effects renders WBE data vulnerable to severe under-/over-estimation of infected cases. Effective surveillance may be envisioned as a two-step process in which WBE serves to identify and enumerate infected cases, where after clinical testing then serves to identify infected individuals in WBE-revealed hotspots. Data provided here demonstrate this approach to save money, be broadly applicable worldwide, and potentially aid in precision management of the pandemic, thereby helping to accelerate the global economic recovery that billions of people rely upon for their livelihoods.},
author = {Hart, Olga E and Halden, Rolf U},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138875},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Feasibility Studies,Humans,New Orleans,New York City,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138875},
pmid = {32371231},
title = {{Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based  epidemiology locally and globally: Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges.}},
volume = {730},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zhang2020,
abstract = {AIM: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has become pandemic. It brings serious  threat to hemodialysis (HD) patients. Therefore, we carried out a study on the clinical characteristics of HD patients with COVID-19. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 31 HD patients with COVID-19. The clinical features of patients include epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory and imaging test, treatment and prognosis. RESULTS: 61.3{\%} were severe, and 38.7{\%} were mild. 83.9{\%} had a close contact history with COVID-19 patients. The average age was 62.3 years comprising of 58.1{\%} men and 41.9{\%} women. Ninety percent had chronic diseases except ESRD. Clinical symptoms include cough (85{\%}), fever (43{\%}), and shortness of breath (48.4{\%}), etc. Complications included ARDS (25.8{\%}), AHF (22.6{\%}), and septic shock (16.1{\%}), etc. 64.5{\%} of patients had remission, and 35.5{\%} of patients had no remission with 6.5{\%} deaths. Compared with the baseline before infection, HD patients with COVID-19 had lower lymphocytes, albumin and glucose, and higher D-dimer, albumin, phosphorus, lactate dehydrogenase, and CRP. There was no significant correlation between the neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio and the severity of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the reported general population, the HD patients are susceptible to COVID-19 infection, especially older men and those with other underlying diseases. Moreover, HD patients have more severe infection and inflammation with less symptoms and worse outcome. COVID-19 infection can cause dialysis patients lower immunity, stronger inflammation, malnutrition, and internal environment disorder. Neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio does not reflect the severity of the HD patients with COVID-19.},
author = {Zhang, Jiong and Cao, Fang and Wu, Shu-Kun and Xiang-Heng, Lu and Li, Wei and Li, Gui-Sen and Wang, Jia},
doi = {10.1080/0886022X.2020.1796705},
issn = {1525-6049 (Electronic)},
journal = {Renal failure},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {726--732},
pmid = {32722980},
title = {{Clinical characteristics of 31 hemodialysis patients with 2019 novel coronavirus: a  retrospective study.}},
volume = {42},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bodro2020,
author = {Bodro, Marta and Compta, Yaroslau and Llans{\'{o}}, Laura and Esteller, Diana and Doncel-Moriano, Antonio and Mesa, Alex and Rodr{\'{i}}guez, Alejandro and Sarto, Jordi and Mart{\'{i}}nez-Hernandez, Eugenia and Vlagea, Alexandru and Egri, Natalia and Filella, Xavier and Morales-Ruiz, Manuel and Yag{\"{u}}e, Jordi and Soriano, {\'{A}}lex and Graus, Francesc and Garc{\'{i}}a, Felipe},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000821},
institution = {“Hospital Cl{\'{i}}nic Infecto-COVID-19” and “Hospital Cl{\'{i}}nic Neuro-COVID-19” groups},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {Adult,Betacoronavirus,Biomarkers,Coronavirus Infections,Encephalitis,Humans,Interleukin-1beta,Interleukin-6,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A,Pneumonia, Viral,cerebrospinal fluid,complications,diagnosis,etiology,isolation {\&} purification},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32611761},
title = {{Increased CSF levels of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, and ACE in SARS-CoV-2-associated encephalitis.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Jamieson-Lane2020,
abstract = {We model the extent to which age-targeted protective sequestration can be used to  reduce ICU admissions caused by novel coronavirus COVID-19. Using demographic data from New Zealand, we demonstrate that lowering the age threshold to 50 years of age reduces ICU admissions drastically and show that for sufficiently strict isolation protocols, sequestering one-third of the countries population for a total of 8 months is sufficient to avoid overwhelming ICU capacity throughout the entire course of the epidemic. Similar results are expected to hold for other countries, though some minor adaption will be required based on local age demographics and hospital facilities.},
author = {Jamieson-Lane, Alastair and Cytrynbaum, Eric},
doi = {10.1080/17513758.2020.1795285},
issn = {1751-3766 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of biological dynamics},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {621--632},
pmid = {32715932},
title = {{Effects of age-targeted sequestration for COVID-19.}},
volume = {14},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Korytkowski2020,
abstract = {The pandemic of COVID-19 has presented new challenges to hospital personnel  providing care for infected patients with diabetes who represent more than 20{\%} of critically ill patients in intensive care units. Appropriate glycemic management contributes to a reduction in adverse clinical outcomes in acute illness but also requires intensive patient interactions for bedside glucose monitoring, intravenous and subcutaneous insulin administration, as well as rapid intervention for hypoglycemia events. These tasks are required at a time when minimizing patient interactions is recommended as a way of avoiding prolonged exposure to COVID-19 by health care personnel who often practice in settings with limited supplies of personal protective equipment. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide guidance for clinicians for reconciling recommended standards of care for infected hospitalized patients with diabetes while also addressing the daily realities of an overwhelmed health care system in many areas of the country. The use of modified protocols for insulin administration, bedside glucose monitoring, and medications such as glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine that may affect glycemic control are discussed. Continuous glucose monitoring systems have been proposed as an option for reducing time spent with patients, but there are important issues that need to be addressed if these are used in hospitalized patients. On-site and remote glucose management teams have potential to provide guidance in areas where there are shortages of personnel who have expertise in inpatient glycemic management.},
author = {Korytkowski, Mary and Antinori-Lent, Kellie and Drincic, Andjela and Hirsch, Irl B and McDonnell, Marie E and Rushakoff, Robert and Muniyappa, Ranganath},
doi = {10.1210/clinem/dgaa342},
issn = {1945-7197 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pmid = {32498085},
title = {{A Pragmatic Approach to Inpatient Diabetes Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic.}},
volume = {105},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chowdhry2020,
abstract = {The world-wide crisis of COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily lives, global  economies, intra/inter-countries political outlook and educational systems. Schools and colleges in India and abroad are under lock-down to maximize social distancing and minimize the spread of infection amongst students and teaching staff. Health sciences related universities and researchers are forced to adopt non-contact teaching and research. Present article highlights the positive impact and opportunities provided by COVID-19 crisis to health care research and academic set-up. We have compiled ethical, effective and practical guidelines to mitigate the impact on health care related research and academic front during these pandemic times in an Indian perspective. These guidelines and management suggestions can be modified to suit region based cases and can be applied in global perspective also. The suggestions in the current article provide a working collaboration of students and teachers to effectively connect on virtual platforms to strengthen their research output, giving suggestions of data-sharing and rapid review of proposals by online review ethical boards. This time is proposed to be used for generating a positive impact on health and research sector to use each adversity as an opportunity.},
author = {Chowdhry, Aman and Kapoor, Priyanka and Popli, Deepika Bablani},
doi = {10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.06.015},
issn = {2212-4268 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
pages = {343--346},
pmid = {32704469},
title = {{Strengthening health care research and academics during and after COVID19 pandemic-  an Indian perspective.}},
volume = {10},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Anderson2020,
abstract = {Despite initial findings indicating that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are genetically  related belonging to the same virus species and that the two viruses used the same entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), our data demonstrated that there is no detectable cross-neutralization by SARS patient sera against SARS-CoV-2. We also found that there are significant levels of neutralizing antibodies in recovered SARS patients 9-17 years after initial infection. These findings will be of significant use in guiding the development of serologic tests, formulating convalescent plasma therapy strategies, and assessing the longevity of protective immunity for SARS-related coronaviruses in general as well as vaccine efficacy.},
author = {Anderson, Danielle E and Tan, Chee Wah and Chia, Wan Ni and Young, Barnaby E and Linster, Martin and Low, JennyG H and Tan, Yee-Joo and Chen, Mark I-C and Smith, Gavin J D and Leo, Yee Sin and Lye, David C and Wang, Lin-Fa},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1761267},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Antibodies, Viral,Betacoronavirus,Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Immunization, Passive,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,SARS Virus,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,Time Factors,Viral Vaccines,blood,immunology,standards,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {900--902},
pmid = {32380903},
title = {{Lack of cross-neutralization by SARS patient sera towards SARS-CoV-2.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{,
doi = {10.1097/NCM.0000000000000463},
issn = {1932-8095 (Electronic)},
journal = {Professional case management},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {E15--E16},
pmid = {32732802},
title = {{Essential Case Management Practices Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019  (COVID-19) Crisis: Part 1: Tele-Case Management, Surge Capacity, Discharge Planning, and Transitions of Care.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Song2020,
author = {Song, Xue-Jun and Xiong, Dong-Lin and Wang, Zhe-Yin and Yang, Dong and Zhou, Ling and Li, Rong-Chun},
doi = {10.1093/pm/pnaa143},
issn = {1526-4637 (Electronic)},
journal = {Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)},
keywords = {Aged,Ambulatory Care,Back Pain,Betacoronavirus,China,Chronic Pain,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Fractures, Compression,Hospitalization,Humans,Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Profes,Lumbar Vertebrae,Male,Middle Aged,Pain,Pain Management,Pandemics,Personal Protective Equipment,Pneumonia, Viral,Quarantine,Spinal Fractures,Telemedicine,complications,epidemiology,etiology,injuries,methods,prevention {\&}  control,prevention {\&} control,statistics {\&} numerical data,surgery,therapy,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {7},
pages = {1319--1323},
pmid = {32321173},
title = {{Pain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Lessons Learned.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ruggiero2020,
author = {Ruggiero, Samantha and Brandi, Kristyn and Mark, Alice and Paul, Maureen and Reeves, Matthew F and Schalit, Odile and Blanchard, Kelly and Key, Katherine and Chandrasekaran, Sruthi},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1774185},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Abortion, Induced,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Gestational Age,Health Services Accessibility,Health Workforce,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Pregnancy,United States,epidemiology,legislation {\&} jurisprudence},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1774185},
pmid = {32460663},
title = {{Access to later abortion in the United States during COVID-19: challenges and  recommendations from providers, advocates, and researchers.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Asyary2020,
abstract = {This study aims to present the correlation between sunlight exposure and Covid-19  statuses in Jakarta, Indonesia. The secondary data analysis was derived from surveillance data for Covid-19 from government authorities, including the Ministry of Health, the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, and the local government of Jakarta. Three statuses related to Covid-19 were examined in the study: incidence, death, and recovered. Meanwhile, sunlight exposure was presented as daily duration of it. Only the number of recovered patients correlated significantly with sunlight exposure (p-value = .025; r = 0.350). This study's findings showed that sunlight exposure was associated with recovery from Covid-19.},
author = {Asyary, Al and Veruswati, Meita},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139016},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Indonesia,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Sunlight,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139016},
pmid = {32361458},
title = {{Sunlight exposure increased Covid-19 recovery rates: A study in the central pandemic  area of Indonesia.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Schaaf2020,
author = {Schaaf, Marta and Boydell, Victoria and {Van Belle}, Sara and Brinkerhoff, Derick W and George, Asha},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1779634},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Delivery of Health Care,Developing Countries,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Politics,Reproductive Rights,Sexual Health,Women's Health,epidemiology,ethics,organization {\&} administration,standards},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1779634},
pmid = {32552593},
title = {{Accountability for SRHR in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Das2020,
abstract = {The onset of coronavirus pandemic has sparked a shortage of facemasks in almost all  nations. Without this personal protective equipment, healthcare providers, essential workers, and the general public are exposed to the risk of infection. In light of the aforementioned, it is critical to balance the supply and demand for masks. COVID-19 will also ensure that masks are always considered as an essential commodity in future pandemic preparedness. Moreover, billions of facemasks are produced from petrochemicals derived raw materials, which are non-degradable upon disposal after their single use, thus causing environmental pollution and damage. The sustainable way forward is to utilise raw materials that are side-stream products of local industries to develop facemasks having equal or better efficiency than the conventional ones. In this regard, wheat gluten biopolymer, which is a by-product or co-product of cereal industries, can be electrospun into nanofibre membranes and subsequently carbonised at over 700 °C to form a network structure, which can simultaneously act as the filter media and reinforcement for gluten-based masks. In parallel, the same gluten material can be processed into cohesive thin films using plasticiser and hot press. Additionally, lanosol, a naturally-occurring substance, imparts fire (V-0 rating in vertical burn test), and microbe resistance in gluten plastics. Thus, thin films of flexible gluten with very low amounts of lanosol ({\textless}10 wt{\%}) can be bonded together with the carbonised mat and shaped by thermoforming to create the facemasks. The carbon mat acting as the filter can be attached to the masks through adapters that can also be made from injection moulded gluten. The creation of these masks could simultaneously be effective in reducing the transmittance of infectious diseases and pave the way for environmentally benign sustainable products.},
author = {Das, Oisik and Neisiany, Rasoul Esmaeely and Capezza, Antonio Jose and Hedenqvist, Mikael S and F{\"{o}}rsth, Michael and Xu, Qiang and Jiang, Lin and Ji, Dongxiao and Ramakrishna, Seeram},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139611},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Biomedical Technology,Catechols,Communicable Disease Control,Coronavirus Infections,Filtration,Glutens,Humans,Masks,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,chemistry,instrumentation,prevention {\&} control},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139611},
pmid = {32473458},
title = {{The need for fully bio-based facemasks to counter coronavirus outbreaks: A  perspective.}},
volume = {736},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Nathan2020,
abstract = {The pace of the COVID-19 pandemic makes it timely to take stock of evidence for the  involvement of neutrophils and NETs, to weigh the implications, and to increase efficiency in clinical trials.},
author = {Nathan, Carl},
doi = {10.1084/jem.20201439},
issn = {1540-9538 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Journal of experimental medicine},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Extracellular Traps,Humans,Neutrophils,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pmid = {32678431},
title = {{Neutrophils and COVID-19: Nots, NETs, and knots.}},
volume = {217},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Khodadadi2020,
abstract = {The recent epidemic outbreak of a novel human coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 and  causing the respiratory tract disease COVID-19 has reached worldwide resonance and a global effort is being undertaken to characterize the molecular features and evolutionary origins of this virus. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic viruses plays a vital role in selecting appropriate treatments, saving people's lives and preventing epidemics. Additionally, general treatments, coronavirus-specific treatments, and antiviral treatments useful in fighting COVID-19 are addressed. This review sets out to shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 and host receptor recognition, a crucial factor for successful virus infection and taking immune-informatics approaches to identify B- and T-cell epitopes for surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. A variety of improved or new approaches also have been developed. It is anticipated that this will assist researchers and clinicians in developing better techniques for timely and effective detection of coronavirus infection. Moreover, the genomic sequence of the virus responsible for COVID-19, as well as the experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the Main protease (Mpro) is available. The reported structure of the target Mpro was described in this review to identify potential drugs for COVID-19 using virtual high throughput screening.},
author = {Khodadadi, Ehsaneh and Maroufi, Parham and Khodadadi, Ehsan and Esposito, Isabella and Ganbarov, Khudaverdi and Espsoito, Silvano and Yousefi, Mehdi and Zeinalzadeh, Elham and Kafil, Hossein Samadi},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104241},
issn = {1096-1208 (Electronic)},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
keywords = {Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Cysteine Endopeptidases,Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte,Humans,Nucleocapsid Proteins,Pandemics,Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A,Pneumonia, Viral,Protein Conformation,Receptors, Virus,Viral Nonstructural Proteins,diagnosis,drug effects,drug therapy,genetics,immunology,metabolism,pathology,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {104241},
pmid = {32387389},
title = {{Study of combining virtual screening and antiviral treatments of the Sars-CoV-2  (Covid-19).}},
volume = {146},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chen2020c,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) require specialized  management. However, the current situation of CKD management is unclear during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 on kidney patients' follow-ups. METHODS: In April 2020, we included patients who underwent kidney biopsy from January 2017 to December 2019 in a referral center of China, and then initiated a survey via telephone on different aspects of follow-up during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected and analyzed demographic data, diagnoses, follow-up conditions, and telemedicine experience. RESULTS: We reached 1190 CKD patients with confirmed kidney biopsies, and included 1164 patients for analysis after excluding those on dialysis. None of our patients have had COVID-19, although more than 50{\%} of them were complicated with other comorbidities, and over 40{\%} were currently using immunosuppressive treatments. Face-to-face clinic visits were interrupted in 836 (71.82{\%}) participants. Medicine adjustments and routine laboratory examinations were delayed or made irregular in about 60{\%} of patients. To continue their follow-ups, 255 (21.90{\%}) patients utilized telemedicine, and about 80{\%} of them were satisfied with the experience. The proportion of telemedicine users was significantly higher in patients with immunosuppressive treatments than those without (31.88{\%} vs. 17.12{\%}, p {\textless} 0.001). CONCLUSION: The risk of COVID-19 was mitigated in patients with CKD and other co-existing risk factors when proper protection was utilized. The routine medical care was disrupted during the pandemic, and telemedicine could be a reasonable alternative method.},
author = {Chen, Gang and Zhou, Yangzhong and Xia, Jinghua and Yao, Jia and Zheng, Ke and Qin, Yan and Li, Xuemei},
doi = {10.1080/0886022X.2020.1798783},
issn = {1525-6049 (Electronic)},
journal = {Renal failure},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {733--739},
pmid = {32718215},
title = {{When the COVID-19 pandemic changed the follow-up landscape of chronic kidney  disease: a survey of real-world nephrology practice.}},
volume = {42},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lau2020,
abstract = {The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the current global coronavirus pandemic and  more than one million infections since December 2019. The exact origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive, but the presence of a distinct motif in the S1/S2 junction region suggests the possible acquisition of cleavage site(s) in the spike protein that promoted cross-species transmission. Through plaque purification of Vero-E6 cultured SARS-CoV-2, we found a series of variants which contain 15-30-bp deletions (Del-mut) or point mutations respectively at the S1/S2 junction. Examination of the original clinical specimen from which the isolate was derived, and 26 additional SARS-CoV-2 positive clinical specimens, failed to detect these variants. Infection of hamsters shows that one of the variants (Del-mut-1) which carries deletion of 10 amino acids (30bp) does not cause the body weight loss or more severe pathological changes in the lungs that is associated with wild type virus infection. We suggest that the unique cleavage motif promoting SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans may be under strong selective pressure, given that replication in permissive Vero-E6 cells leads to the loss of this adaptive function. It would be important to screen the prevalence of these variants in asymptomatic infected cases. The potential of the Del-mut variants as an attenuated vaccine or laboratory tool should be evaluated.},
author = {Lau, Siu-Ying and Wang, Pui and Mok, Bobo Wing-Yee and Zhang, Anna Jinxia and Chu, Hin and Lee, Andrew Chak-Yiu and Deng, Shaofeng and Chen, Pin and Chan, Kwok-Hung and Song, Wenjun and Chen, Zhiwei and To, Kelvin Kai-Wang and Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo and Yuen, Kwok-Yung and Chen, Honglin},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1756700},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence,Animals,Base Sequence,Cell Line,Chlorocebus aethiops,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Models, Animal,Female,Host Specificity,Humans,Lung,Male,Mesocricetus,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,SARS Virus,Sequence Deletion,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus,Vero Cells,Virulence,chemistry,genetics,growth {\&} development,isolation {\&} purification,pathogenicity,pathology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {837--842},
pmid = {32301390},
title = {{Attenuated SARS-CoV-2 variants with deletions at the S1/S2 junction.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Amin2020,
abstract = {The ongoing novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic makes us painfully  perceive that our bullet shells are blank so far for fighting against severe human coronavirus (HCoV). In spite of vast research work, it is crystal clear that the evident does not warrant the commercial blossoming of anti-HCoV drugs. In this circumstance, drug repurposing and/or screening of databases are the only fastest option. This study is an initiative to recapitulate the medicinal chemistry of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim is to present an exquisite delineation of the current research from the perspective of a medicinal chemist to allow the rapid development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents.},
author = {Amin, Sk Abdul and Jha, Tarun},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112559},
issn = {1768-3254 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of medicinal chemistry},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {112559},
pmid = {32563814},
title = {{Fight against novel coronavirus: A perspective of medicinal chemists.}},
volume = {201},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kaplan2020,
abstract = {The novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China.  While most of the initial cases were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, person-to-person transmission has been verified. Given that a vaccine cannot be developed and deployed for at least a year, preventing further transmission relies upon standard principles of containment, two of which are the isolation of known cases and the quarantine of persons believed at high risk of exposure. This note presents probability models for assessing the effectiveness of case isolation and quarantine within a community during the initial phase of an outbreak with illustrations based on early observations from Wuhan.},
author = {Kaplan, Edward H},
doi = {10.1007/s10729-020-09504-6},
issn = {1386-9620 (Print)},
journal = {Health care management science},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {311--314},
pmid = {32146554},
title = {{Containing 2019-nCoV (Wuhan) coronavirus.}},
volume = {23},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Rubin2020,
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 crisis is a global pandemic of a novel infectious  disease with far-ranging public health implications. With regard to cardiac electrophysiology (EP) services, we discuss the "real-world" challenges and solutions that have been essential for efficient and successful (1) ramping down of standard clinical practice patterns and (2) pivoting of workflow processes to meet the demands of this pandemic. The aims of these recommendations are to outline: (1) essential practical steps to approaching procedures, as well as outpatient and inpatient care of EP patients, with relevant examples, (2) successful strategies to minimize exposure risk to patients and clinical staff while also balancing resource utilization, (3) challenges related to redeployment and restructuring of clinical and support staff, and (4) considerations regarding continued collaboration with clinical and administrative colleagues to implement these changes. While process changes will vary across practices and hospital systems, we believe that these experiences from 4 different EP sections in a large New York City hospital network currently based in the global epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic will prove useful for other EP practices adapting their own practices in preparation for local surges.},
author = {Rubin, Geoffrey A and Wan, Elaine Y and Saluja, Deepak and Thomas, George and Slotwiner, David J and Goldbarg, Seth and Chaudhary, Salma and Turitto, Gioia and Dizon, Jose and Yarmohammadi, Hirad and Ehlert, Frederick and Rubin, David A and Morrow, John P and Waase, Marc and Berman, Jeremy and Kushnir, Alexander and Abrams, Mark P and Halik, Carolyn and Kumaraiah, Deepa and Schwartz, Allan and Kirtane, Ajay and Kodali, Susheel and Goldenthal, Isaac and Garan, Hasan and Biviano, Angelo},
doi = {10.1097/HPC.0000000000000225},
issn = {1535-2811 (Electronic)},
journal = {Critical pathways in cardiology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {105--111},
pmid = {32324622},
title = {{Restructuring Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Practical Guide From  a New York City Hospital Network.}},
volume = {19},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ng2020,
abstract = {The current global health emergency triggered by the pandemic COVID-19 is one of the  greatest challenges we face in this generation. Computational simulations have played an important role to predict the development of the current pandemic. Such simulations enable early indications on the future projections of the pandemic and is useful to estimate the efficiency of control action in the battle against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The SEIR model is a well-known method used in computational simulations of infectious viral diseases and it has been widely used to model other epidemics such as Ebola, SARS, MERS, and influenza A. This paper presents a modified SEIRS model with additional exit conditions in the form of death rates and resusceptibility, where we can tune the exit conditions in the model to extend prediction on the current projections of the pandemic into three possible outcomes; death, recovery, and recovery with a possibility of resusceptibility. The model also considers specific information such as ageing factor of the population, time delay on the development of the pandemic due to control action measures, as well as resusceptibility with temporal immune response. Owing to huge variations in clinical symptoms exhibited by COVID-19, the proposed model aims to reflect better on the current scenario and case data reported, such that the spread of the disease and the efficiency of the control action taken can be better understood. The model is verified using two case studies based on the real-world data in South Korea and Northern Ireland.},
author = {Ng, Kok Yew and Gui, Meei Mei},
doi = {10.1016/j.physd.2020.132599},
issn = {0167-2789 (Print)},
journal = {Physica D. Nonlinear phenomena},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {132599},
pmid = {32536738},
title = {{COVID-19: Development of a robust mathematical model and simulation package with  consideration for ageing population and time delay for control action and resusceptibility.}},
volume = {411},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Orth-Holler2020,
abstract = {Three hundred and ninety-seven primary- and secondary-care physicians were tested  for the presence of IgG (and IgA) antibodies against SARS-coronavirus-2 with a commercially available ELISA. In 19 of 20 individuals with PCR-proven infection and only mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization positive IgG levels occurred within two to three weeks. Among the remaining 377 persons without clear-cut evidence of infection, unequivocally positive IgG antibodies were found in only one, showing a surprisingly low prevalence (0.3{\%}, 95{\%} CI: 0.01-1.5) in physicians with likely contacts with infected patients in a region highly affected by the pandemic (Tyrol, Austria).},
author = {Orth-H{\"{o}}ller, Dorothea and Eigentler, Angelika and Weseslindtner, Lukas and M{\"{o}}st, Johannes},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1793690},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1692--1694},
pmid = {32654611},
title = {{Antibody kinetics in primary- and secondary-care physicians with mild to moderate  SARS-CoV-2 infection.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Amendola2020,
abstract = {The highest risk of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to be spread through human-to-human  transmission has boosted the use of personal protective equipment at worldwide level. In Europe, the medical face masks must be tested to certify the essential requirements in agreement with European Standard EN 14683:2019, and face masks for industrial use in agreement with European Standard EN 149:2009. Due to the need of large quantitative of medical and non-medical face masks in coronavirus outbreak, several Italian industries are working for shift a portion of their manufacturing capacity for producing medical and non-medical face mask. For screening evaluation of the effectiveness of personal protective equipment produced by reconverted industries, ARPA Lazio and the Department of Chemical Science and Technologies of Tor Vergata University have set-up an analytical system able to simulate the respiratory action and to measure the percentage of particles that pass through the face masks using optical particle counter (based on the EN 16890: 2017 that uses the same light scattering principle to evaluate the filter filtration efficiency). This set-up was challenged using face masks produced by reconverted industries and the data were compared with ones obtained using medical face mask.},
author = {Amendola, Luca and Saurini, Maria Teresa and {Di Girolamo}, Francesco and Arduini, Fabiana},
doi = {10.1016/j.microc.2020.104928},
issn = {0026-265X (Print)},
journal = {Microchemical journal : devoted to the application of microtechniques in all  branches of science},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {104928},
pmid = {32501301},
title = {{A rapid screening method for testing the efficiency of masks in breaking down  aerosols.}},
volume = {157},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Rearigh2020,
abstract = {As the Coronavirus disease 2019 continues to circulate, testing strategies are of  the utmost importance. Given national shortages of testing supplies, personal protective equipment, and other hospital resources, diagnostic stewardship is necessary to aid in resource management. We report the low utility of serial testing in a low prevalence setting.},
author = {Rearigh, Lindsey and Hewlett, Angela and Fey, Paul and Broadhurst, Jana and Brett-Major, David M and Rupp, Mark and {Van Schooneveld}, Trevor C},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2020.397},
issn = {1559-6834 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--9},
pmid = {32741393},
title = {{Title: Utility of Repeat Testing for COVID-19: Lab Stewardship When the Stakes are  High.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bennett2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The risk of COVID-19 is expected to be higher among solid organ  transplant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of COVID-19 and the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on the personal hygiene and expectations of in heart and lung transplant recipients. METHODS: A telephone survey of heart (n=69) and lung (n=41) transplant patients and a group of controls (n=41) was conducted concerning personal hygiene before and after the outbreak; the impact on subjective expectations regarding graft outcome; symptoms possibly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; diagnosis of COVID-19. RESULTS: 79{\%} of the patients declared they increased the use of face masks and hand washing. Behavior at home regarding self-isolation did not change. About half the patients said they were afraid of the virus. A higher percentage of LTX were convinced that SARS-CoV-2 could have a negative impact on the outcome of their graft. 28{\%} declared that they were afraid to come to the hospital for routine examinations and asked to postpone. Nine LTX and five HTX patients experienced symptoms that could have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but none of them underwent a nasopharyngeal swab. Only one LTX was diagnosed with the infection. CONCLUSIONS: In our study we observed a low incidence of COVID-19 in heart and lung transplant patients (0.9{\%}), similar to that of the general population of our Region. Isolation measures were already observed before the pandemic and were further strengthened in most cases. Particular attention should also be paid to new psychological and physical complications indirectly linked to the COVID-19 pandemic.},
author = {Bennett, David and {De Vita}, Elda and Ventura, Vittoria and Bernazzali, Sonia and Fossi, Antonella and Paladini, Piero and Luzzi, Luca and Maccherini, Massimo and Valente, Serafina and Bargagli, Elena and Frediani, Bruno and Sestini, Piersante},
doi = {10.1111/tid.13428},
issn = {1399-3062 (Electronic)},
journal = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {e13428},
pmid = {32743882},
title = {{Impact of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on heart and lung transplant: a patient-perspective  survey.}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Wei2020,
author = {Wei, Li and Wang, Jia and Mei, Zou and Xiang-Heng, Lu and Li, Gui-Sen and Dong, Jun-Wu and Zhang, Jiong},
booktitle = {Renal failure},
doi = {10.1080/0886022X.2020.1782230},
issn = {1525-6049 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Change Management,China,Comorbidity,Coronavirus Infections,Critical Pathways,Hemodialysis Units, Hospital,Hospital Restructuring,Humans,Infection Control,Kidney Failure, Chronic,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Renal Dialysis,Workforce,diagnosis,epidemiology,isolation {\&} purification,methods,organization {\&} administration,therapy,trends},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {1},
pages = {587--589},
pmid = {32586196},
title = {{Managing the dialysis mode for people infected with COVID-19.}},
volume = {42},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Tezcan2020,
author = {Tezcan, Mehmet Engin and {Doğan G{\"{o}}k{\c{c}}e}, Gizem and Ozer, Rasit Serdar},
booktitle = {Infectious diseases (London, England)},
doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1776381},
issn = {2374-4243 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Progression,Hospitalization,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Retrospective Studies,Risk Factors},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {666--668},
pmid = {32543300},
title = {{Laboratory abnormalities related to prolonged hospitalization in COVID-19.}},
volume = {52},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Tan2020,
abstract = {The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease from a  novel coronavirus that was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, is now a public health emergency and pandemic. Singapore, as a major international transportation hub in Asia, has been one of the worst hit countries by the disease. With the advent of local transmission, the authors share their preparation and response planning for the operating room of the National Heart Centre Singapore, the largest cardiothoracic tertiary center in Singapore. Protection of staff and patients, environmental concerns, and other logistic and equipment issues are considered.},
author = {Tan, Zihui and Phoon, Priscilla Hui Yi and Zeng, Ling Antonia and Fu, Jing and Lim, Xiao Ting and Tan, Teing Ee and Loh, Kenny Wei-Tsen and Goh, Meng Huat},
doi = {10.1053/j.jvca.2020.03.050},
issn = {1532-8422 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {2331--2337},
pmid = {32303395},
title = {{Response and Operating Room Preparation for the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Perspective  From the National Heart Centre in Singapore.}},
volume = {34},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Cataldi2020,
abstract = {In the first two decades of the 21st century, there have been three outbreaks of  severe respiratory infections caused by highly pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs) around the world: the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) by the SARS-CoV in 2002-2003, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) by the MERS-CoV in June 2012, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the SARS-CoV-2 presently affecting most countries In all of these, fatalities are a consequence of a multiorgan dysregulation caused by pulmonary, renal, cardiac, and circulatory damage; however, COVID patients may show significant neurological signs and symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and sensory disturbances, the most prominent being anosmia and ageusia. The neuroinvasive potential of CoVs might be responsible for at least part of these symptoms and may contribute to the respiratory failure observed in affected patients. Therefore, in the present manuscript, we have reviewed the available preclinical evidence on the mechanisms and consequences of CoVs-induced CNS damage, and highlighted the potential role of CoVs in determining or aggravating acute and long-term neurological diseases in infected individuals. We consider that a widespread awareness of the significant neurotropism of CoVs might contribute to an earlier recognition of the signs and symptoms of viral-induced CNS damage. Moreover, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which CoVs affect CNS function and cause CNS damage could help in planning new strategies for prognostic evaluation and targeted therapeutic intervention.},
author = {Cataldi, Mauro and Pignataro, Giuseppe and Taglialatela, Maurizio},
doi = {10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105007},
issn = {1095-953X (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurobiology of disease},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {105007},
pmid = {32622086},
title = {{Neurobiology of coronaviruses: Potential relevance for COVID-19.}},
volume = {143},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Renfrew2020,
abstract = {• Rapid development of COVID-19 has altered healthcare and services around the  world; changes have affected women, newborn infants, families, and staff. • Restrictive practices have been introduced in maternal and newborn care that limit women's decisions and rights of women and newborn infants, including restrictions on the place of birth, continuity of care, and mother-baby contact. • An evidence-informed approach is now developing in some countries in which essential elements of quality can be maintained while also protecting and supporting staff. • To keep women, newborn infants, families, and staff safe, balance is needed between the public health, quality care, and human rights agendas. • A set of key principles is proposed to inform COVID-relevant quality care and service provision. • A pro-active strategy to inform longer-term planning for life during and after the pandemic should be grounded in evidence and co-created with women, families, and staff.},
author = {Renfrew, Mary J and Cheyne, Helen and Craig, Justine and Duff, Elizabeth and Dykes, Fiona and Hunter, Billie and Lavender, Tina and Page, Lesley and Ross-Davie, Mary and Spiby, Helen and Downe, Soo},
doi = {10.1016/j.midw.2020.102759},
issn = {1532-3099 (Electronic)},
journal = {Midwifery},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {102759},
pmid = {32485502},
title = {{Sustaining quality midwifery care in a pandemic and beyond.}},
volume = {88},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Gittinger2020,
author = {Gittinger, John W Jr},
booktitle = {Survey of ophthalmology},
doi = {10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.05.002},
issn = {1879-3304 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {495},
pmid = {32425248},
title = {{Survey of ophthalmology in the time of COVID-19.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Liu2020g,
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide spectrum of disease severity from  mild upper respiratory symptoms to respiratory failure. The role of neutralizing antibody (NAb) response in disease progression remains elusive. This study determined the seroprevalence of 733 non-COVID-19 individuals from April 2018 to February 2020 in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and compared the neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses of eight COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with those of 42 patients not admitted to the ICU. We found that NAb against SARS-CoV-2 was not detectable in any of the anonymous serum specimens from the 733 non-COVID-19 individuals. The peak serum geometric mean NAb titer was significantly higher among the eight ICU patients than the 42 non-ICU patients (7280 [95{\%} confidence interval (CI) 1468-36099]) vs (671 [95{\%} CI, 368-1223]). Furthermore, NAb titer increased significantly at earlier infection stages among ICU patients than among non-ICU patients. The median number of days to reach the peak Nab titers after symptoms onset was shorter among the ICU patients (17.6) than that of the non-ICU patients (20.1). Multivariate analysis showed that oxygen requirement and fever during admission were the only clinical factors independently associated with higher NAb titers. Our data suggested that SARS-CoV-2 was unlikely to have silently spread before the COVID-19 emergence in Hong Kong. ICU patients had an accelerated and augmented NAb response compared to non-ICU patients, which was associated with disease severity. Further studies are required to understand the relationship between high NAb response and disease severity.},
author = {Liu, Li and To, Kelvin Kai-Wang and Chan, Kwok-Hung and Wong, Yik-Chun and Zhou, Runhong and Kwan, Ka-Yi and Fong, Carol Ho-Yan and Chen, Lin-Lei and Choi, Charlotte Yee-Ki and Lu, Lu and Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin and Leung, Wai-Shing and To, Wing-Kin and Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai and Yuen, Kwok-Yung and Chen, Zhiwei},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1791738},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1664--1670},
pmid = {32618497},
title = {{High neutralizing antibody titer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Rayman2020,
abstract = {The RECOVERY (Randomised Evaluation of COVid-19 thERapY) trial found that  dexamethasone 6 mg once per day for 10 days reduced deaths by one-third in ventilated patients and by one-fifth in other patients, receiving oxygen therapy. This equates to the prevention of one death in around eight ventilated patients, or one in around 25 patients requiring oxygen.},
author = {Rayman, G and Lumb, A N and Kennon, B and Cottrell, C and Nagi, D and Page, E and Voigt, D and Courtney, H C and Atkins, H and Platts, J and Higgins, K and Dhatariya, K and Patel, M and Narendran, P and Kar, P and Newland-Jones, P and Stewart, R and Burr, O and Thomas, S},
doi = {10.1111/dme.14378},
issn = {1464-5491 (Electronic)},
journal = {Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32740972},
title = {{Dexamethasone therapy in COVID-19 patients: implications and guidance for the  management of blood glucose in people with and without diabetes.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Paffenholz2020,
abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented global challenge and  implicates a wide range of burden on medical professionals. Here, we evaluated the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic among medical professionals in Germany. Methods: A total of n = 2827 medical professionals participated in an online survey between 27 March and 11 April. Results: While most participants stated that Germany was well prepared and rated the measures taken by their employer as positive, subgroup analyses revealed decisive differences. The preventive measures were rated significantly worse by nurses compared to doctors (p {\textless} 0.001) and by participants from ambulatory healthcare centres compared to participants from maximum-care hospitals (p {\textless} 0.001). Importantly, shortage of protective medical equipment was reported more commonly in the ambulatory sector (p {\textless} 0.001) and in East German federal states (p = 0.004). Moreover, the majority of health care professionals (72.4{\%}) reported significant restrictions of daily work routine. Finally, over 60{\%} of medical professionals had concerns regarding their own health, which were more pronounced among female participants (p = 0.024). Conclusion: This survey may indicate starting points on how medical professionals could be supported in carrying out their important activities during the ongoing and future healthcare challenges.},
author = {Paffenholz, Pia and Peine, Arne and Hellmich, Martin and Paffenholz, Stella V and Martin, Lukas and Luedde, Mark and Haverkamp, Miriam and Roderburg, Christoph and Marx, Gernot and Heidenreich, Axel and Trautwein, Christian and Luedde, Tom and Loosen, Sven H},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1785951},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Germany,Health Personnel,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Perception,Pneumonia, Viral,Surveys and Questionnaires,Young Adult,epidemiology,physiology,psychology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1590--1599},
pmid = {32573350},
title = {{Perception of the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among medical professionals in Germany:  results from a nationwide online survey.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Balachandar2020,
abstract = {The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused due to Severe  acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this outbreak a global health emergency and as on April 24, 2020, it has spread to 213 countries, with 25,91,015 confirmed cases and 742,855 cases have been recovered from COVID-19. In this dreadful situation our team has already published an article in the Science of the Total Environment, which elaborates the various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this situation, it is imperative to understand the possible outcome of COVID-19 recovered patients and determine if they have any other detrimental illnesses by longitudinal analysis to safeguard their life in future. It is necessary to follow-up these recovered patients and performs comprehensive assessments for detection and appropriate management towards their psychological, physical, and social realm. This urges us to suggest that it is highly important to provide counselling, moral support as well as a few recommended guidelines to the recovered patients and society to restore to normalcy. Epidemiological, clinical and immunological studies from COVID-19 recovered patients are particularly important to understand the disease and to prepare better for potential outbreaks in the future. Longitudinal studies on a larger cohort would help us to understand the in-depth prognosis as well as the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Also, follow-up studies will help us provide more information for the development of vaccines and drugs for these kinds of pandemics in the future. Hence, we recommend more studies are required to unravel the possible mechanism of COVID-19 infection and the after-effects of it to understand the characteristics of the virus and to develop the necessary precautionary measures to prevent it.},
author = {Balachandar, Vellingiri and Mahalaxmi, Iyer and Subramaniam, Mohandevi and Kaavya, Jayaramayya and {Senthil Kumar}, Nachimuthu and Laldinmawii, Gracy and Narayanasamy, Arul and {Janardhana Kumar Reddy}, Patur and Sivaprakash, Palanisamy and Kanchana, Sivaprakash and Vivekanandhan, Govindasamy and Cho, Ssang-Goo},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139021},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139021},
pmid = {32360909},
title = {{Follow-up studies in COVID-19 recovered patients - is it mandatory?}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bestle2020,
abstract = {The novel emerged SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread around the world causing acute  infection of the respiratory tract (COVID-19) that can result in severe disease and lethality. For SARS-CoV-2 to enter cells, its surface glycoprotein spike (S) must be cleaved at two different sites by host cell proteases, which therefore represent potential drug targets. In the present study, we show that S can be cleaved by the proprotein convertase furin at the S1/S2 site and the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) at the S2' site. We demonstrate that TMPRSS2 is essential for activation of SARS-CoV-2 S in Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells through antisense-mediated knockdown of TMPRSS2 expression. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 replication was also strongly inhibited by the synthetic furin inhibitor MI-1851 in human airway cells. In contrast, inhibition of endosomal cathepsins by E64d did not affect virus replication. Combining various TMPRSS2 inhibitors with furin inhibitor MI-1851 produced more potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 than an equimolar amount of any single serine protease inhibitor. Therefore, this approach has considerable therapeutic potential for treatment of COVID-19.},
author = {Bestle, Dorothea and Heindl, Miriam Ruth and Limburg, Hannah and {Van Lam van}, Thuy and Pilgram, Oliver and Moulton, Hong and Stein, David A and Hardes, Kornelia and Eickmann, Markus and Dolnik, Olga and Rohde, Cornelius and Klenk, Hans-Dieter and Garten, Wolfgang and Steinmetzer, Torsten and B{\"{o}}ttcher-Friebertsh{\"{a}}user, Eva},
doi = {10.26508/lsa.202000786},
issn = {2575-1077 (Electronic)},
journal = {Life science alliance},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pmid = {32703818},
title = {{TMPRSS2 and furin are both essential for proteolytic activation of SARS-CoV-2 in  human airway cells.}},
volume = {3},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Jaja2020,
author = {Jaja, Ishmael Festus and Anyanwu, Madubuike Umunna and {Iwu Jaja}, Chinwe-Juliana},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1769501},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Burial,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Male,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Religion,Restraint, Physical,South Africa,Survival Analysis,diagnosis,epidemiology,ethics,isolation {\&} purification,mortality,psychology,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1077--1079},
pmid = {32459603},
title = {{Social distancing: how religion, culture and burial ceremony undermine the effort to  curb COVID-19 in South Africa.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Griffin2020,
abstract = {COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2  has many similarities with SARS-CoV. Both viruses rely on a protease called the main protease, or M(pro), for replication. Therefore, inhibiting M(pro) may be a successful strategy for treating COVID-19. Structures of the main proteases of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with and without inhibitor N3 are available in the Protein Data Bank. Comparing these structures revealed residue interaction network changes associated with N3 inhibition. Comparing network clustering with and without inhibitor N3 identified the formation of a cluster of residues 17, 18, 30-33, 70, 95, 98, 103, 117, 122, and 177 as a network change in both viral proteases when bound to inhibitor N3. Betweenness and stress centrality differences as well as differences in bond energies and relative B-factors when comparing free M(pro) to inhibitor-bound M(pro) identified residues 131, 175, 182, and 185 as possibly conformationally relevant when bound to the inhibitor N3. Taken together, these results provide insight into conformational changes of betacoronavirus M(pro)s when bound to an inhibitor.},
author = {Griffin, Jeddidiah W D},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107575},
issn = {1095-8657 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of structural biology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {107575},
pmid = {32653646},
title = {{SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 main protease residue interaction networks change when bound  to inhibitor N3.}},
volume = {211},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sadler2020,
author = {Sadler, Michelle and Leiva, Gonzalo and Olza, Ibone},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1785379},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Gender-Based Violence,Humans,Maternal Health Services,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Pregnancy,Quality of Health Care,Risk Factors,epidemiology,organization {\&} administration,standards},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1785379},
pmid = {32552522},
title = {{COVID-19 as a risk factor for obstetric violence.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Eibensteiner2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 was declared a global health emergency. Since children are less  than 1{\%} of reported cases, there is limited information to develop evidence-based practice recommendations. The objective of this study was to rapidly gather expert knowledge and experience to guide the care of children with chronic kidney disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A four-round multi-center Delphi exercise was conducted among 13 centers in 11 European countries of the European Pediatric Dialysis Working Group (EPDWG) between March, 16th and 20th 2020. Results were analyzed using a mixed methods qualitative approach and descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Thirteen COVID-19 specific topics of particular need for guidance were identified. Main themes encompassed testing strategies and results (n = 4), changes in use of current therapeutics (n = 3), preventive measurements of transmission and management of COVID-19 (n = 3), and changes in standard clinical care (n = 3). Patterns of center-specific responses varied according to regulations and to availability of guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: As limited quantitative evidence is available in real time during the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, qualitative expert knowledge and experience represent the best evidence available. This Delphi exercise demonstrates that use of mixed methodologies embedded in an established network of experts allowed prompt analysis of pediatric nephrologists' response to COVID-19 during this fast-emerging public health crisis. Such rapid sharing of knowledge and local practices is essential to timely and optimal guidance for medical management of specific patient groups in multi-country health care systems such as those of Europe and the US.},
author = {Eibensteiner, Fabian and Ritschl, Valentin and Ariceta, Gema and Jankauskiene, Augustina and Klaus, G{\"{u}}nter and Paglialonga, Fabio and Edefonti, Alberto and Ranchin, Bruno and Schmitt, Claus Peter and Shroff, Rukshana and Stefanidis, Constantinos J and Walle, Johan Vande and Verrina, Enrico and Vondrak, Karel and Zurowska, Aleksandra and Stamm, Tanja and Aufricht, Christoph},
doi = {10.1007/s00467-020-04584-6},
institution = {European Pediatric Dialysis Working Group},
issn = {1432-198X (Electronic)},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1669--1678},
pmid = {32418146},
title = {{Rapid response in the COVID-19 pandemic: a Delphi study from the European Pediatric  Dialysis Working Group.}},
volume = {35},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Dover2020,
abstract = {AIM: To describe the effect of the stringent lockdown measures, introduced in the UK  on 23 March 2020 to curtail the transmission of COVID-19, on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring. METHODS: We undertook an observational study of 572 individuals with type 1 diabetes for whom paired flash glucose monitoring data were available between early March and May 2020. The primary outcome was change in flash glucose monitoring variables. We also assessed clinical variables associated with change in glycaemic control. RESULTS: Percentage of time in range increased between March and May 2020 [median (interquartile range) 53 (41-64){\%} vs 56 (45-68){\%}; P {\textless} 0.001], with associated improvements in standard deviation of glucose (P {\textless}0.001) and estimated HbA(1c) (P {\textless}0.001). There was a small reduction in the number of individuals meeting the hypoglycaemia target of {\textless}5{\%} per day (64{\%} vs 58{\%}; P = 0.004). Comparing changes in flash glucose monitoring data from March to May in 2019 with the same period in 2020 confirmed that these differences were confined to 2020. Socio-economic deprivation was an independent predictor of a ≥5{\%} reduction in time in range during lockdown (odds ratio 0.45 for people in the two most affluent Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation quintiles; P {\textless}0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Lockdown was not associated with a significant deterioration in glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring. However, socio-economic deprivation appeared to increase the risk of decline in glycaemic control, which has implications for how support is focused in challenging times.},
author = {Dover, A R and Ritchie, S A and McKnight, J A and Strachan, M W J and Zammitt, N N and Wake, D and Forbes, S and Stimson, R H and Gibb, F W},
doi = {10.1111/dme.14374},
issn = {1464-5491 (Electronic)},
journal = {Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32740984},
title = {{Assessment of the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on glycaemic control in people  with type 1 diabetes using flash glucose monitoring.}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Cavarretta2020,
author = {Cavarretta, Elena and Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe and Frati, Giacomo and Versaci, Francesco},
booktitle = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
doi = {10.1053/j.jvca.2020.06.035},
issn = {1532-8422 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {2346--2348},
pmid = {32624433},
title = {{Veneto's Successful Lesson for a World Shocked by COVID-19: Think Globally and Act  Locally.}},
volume = {34},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Giustino2020,
author = {Giustino, Gennaro and Croft, Lori B and Oates, Connor P and Rahman, Karishma and Lerakis, Stamatios and Reddy, Vivek Y and Goldman, Martin},
booktitle = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.068},
issn = {1558-3597 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {5},
pages = {628--629},
pmid = {32517962},
title = {{Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in COVID-19.}},
volume = {76},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Woodside2020,
abstract = {This essay applies the "ultimate broadening of the concept of marketing" for  designing and implementing interventions in public laws and policy, national and local regulations, and everyday lives of individuals. The ultimate broadening of the concept of marketing: Marketing is any activity, message, emotion, or behavior by someone, firm, organization, government, community, or brand executed consciously or nonconsciously that may stimulate an observable or non-observable activity, emotion, attitude, belief, or thought by someone else, group, organization, firm or community. The broadening definition applies to the current interventions by national and state/provincial governments as well as healthcare facilities, medical science facilities, firms, and individuals to mitigate and eliminate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Framing interventions as experiments is helpful in improving the quality of their designs, implementing them successfully, and validly interpreting their effectiveness. In January and February 2020, a few nations were exemplars for accurately forecasting the coming disaster of COVID-19 as a cause of illness and death and in designing/implementing effective mitigating strategies: Denmark, Finland, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, and Vietnam. While the COVID-19 prevention intervention tests now being run for several promising vaccines are true experiments, the researchers analyzing the data from these interventions may need prompting to examine the efficacy of each vaccine tested by modeling demographic subgroups for the members in the treatment and placebo groups in the randomized control trials.},
author = {Woodside, Arch G},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.027},
issn = {0148-2963 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of business research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {212--218},
pmid = {32536734},
title = {{Interventions as experiments: Connecting the dots in forecasting and overcoming  pandemics, global warming, corruption, civil rights violations, misogyny, income inequality, and guns.}},
volume = {117},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Samy2020,
author = {Samy, Michael and Abdelmalak, Rebecca and Ahmed, Amna and Kelada, Mary},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1791467},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1791467},
pmid = {32644872},
title = {{Social media as a source of medical information during COVID-19.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hickland2020,
author = {Hickland, Maria M and Gosney, Eleanor R and Hare, Katie L},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1800981},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1800981},
pmid = {32723165},
title = {{Medical student views on returning to clinical placement after months of online  learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Renner2020,
author = {Renner, Andreas and Paajanen, Juuso and Reijula, Jere},
booktitle = {Infectious diseases (London, England)},
doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1776382},
issn = {2374-4243 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Progression,Humans,Pandemics,Pilot Projects,Pneumonia, Viral,Retrospective Studies,Risk Factors},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {669--670},
pmid = {32516031},
title = {{Tele-rounding in a university hospital pulmonary ward during the COVID-19 pandemic:  a pilot study.}},
volume = {52},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bettinelli2020,
abstract = {CoViD-19 epidemic started in China in late December 2019, and soon spread, turning  into a pandemic. All medical specialties have soon been involved in the management of CoViD-19 patients; the daily Orthopaedic activity has been affected profoundly by this dramatic health emergency. The present paper aims to summarize all the measures and changes that had to be made in order to avoid the healthcare system collapse in the most affected areas, and provides an operative flowchart.},
author = {Bettinelli, Giulia and Delmastro, Elena and Salvato, Damiano and Salini, Vincenzo and Placella, Giacomo},
doi = {10.1016/j.jor.2020.04.006},
issn = {0972-978X (Print)},
journal = {Journal of orthopaedics},
language = {eng},
pages = {158--159},
pmid = {32372852},
title = {{Orthopaedic patient workflow in CoViD-19 pandemic in Italy.}},
volume = {22},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Raddaoui2020,
abstract = {The reliable detection of transcription events through the quantification of the  corresponding mRNA is of paramount importance for the diagnostics of infections and diseases. The quantification and localization analysis of the transcripts of a particular gene allows disease states to be characterized more directly compared to an analysis on the transcriptome wide level. This is particularly needed for the early detection of virus infections as now required for emergent viral diseases, e. g. Covid-19. In situ mRNA analysis, however, is a formidable challenge and currently performed with sets of single-fluorophore-containing oligonucleotide probes that hybridize to the mRNA in question. Often a large number of probe strands ({\textgreater}30) are required to get a reliable signal. The more oligonucleotide probes are used, however, the higher the potential off-target binding effects that create background noise. Here, we used click chemistry and alkyne-modified DNA oligonucleotides to prepare multiple-fluorophore-containing probes. We found that these multiple-dye probes allow reliable detection and direct visualization of mRNA with only a very small number (5-10) of probe strands. The new method enabled the in situ detection of viral transcripts as early as 4 hours after infection.},
author = {Raddaoui, Nada and Croce, Stefano and Geiger, Florian and Borodavka, Alexander and M{\"{o}}ckl, Leonhard and Stazzoni, Samuele and Viverge, Bastien and Br{\"{a}}uchle, Christoph and Frischmuth, Thomas and Engelke, Hanna and Carell, Thomas},
doi = {10.1002/cbic.202000081},
issn = {1439-7633 (Electronic)},
journal = {Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {15},
pages = {2214--2218},
pmid = {32187837},
title = {{Supersensitive Multifluorophore RNA-FISH for Early Virus Detection and Flow-FISH by  Using Click Chemistry.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Hoyler2020,
author = {Hoyler, Marguerite M and Kumar, Shreyajit and Thalappillil, Richard and White, Robert S and Tam, Christopher W},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109893},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Resource Allocation,Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109893},
pmid = {32447163},
title = {{VV-ECMO usage in ARDS due to COVID-19: Clinical, practical and ethical  considerations.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Tang2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: When COVID-19 emerged in China in late 2019, most citizens were  home-quarantined to prevent the spread of the virus. This study explored the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in a sample of home-quarantined college students to identify the psychological distress risk factors. METHOD: The PTSD and depressive symptoms in the 2485 participants from 6 universities were investigated using online survey versions of the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version and the 9-question Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9), and data on sleep durations, exposure, home-quarantine time and socio-demographic variables were also collected. RESULTS: The PTSD and depression prevalence were found to be 2.7{\%} and 9.0{\%}. Subjectively, feeling extreme fear was the most significant risk factor for psychological distress, followed by short sleep durations, being in their graduating year (4(th) year) and living in severely afflicted areas. Sleep durations was a mediator between exposures and mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 could be serious. Psychological interventions that reduce fear and improve sleep durations need to be made available to the home-quarantined university students, and graduating students and those in the worst-hit areas should be given priority focus.},
author = {Tang, Wanjie and Hu, Tao and Hu, Baodi and Jin, Chunhan and Wang, Gang and Xie, Chao and Chen, Sen and Xu, Jiuping},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.009},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Attitude to Health,Betacoronavirus,Causality,China,Comorbidity,Coronavirus Infections,Depressive Disorder,Disease Outbreaks,Female,Humans,Male,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prevalence,Quarantine,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic,Students,Surveys and Questionnaires,Universities,Young Adult,epidemiology,psychology,statistics {\&} numerical data},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {1--7},
pmid = {32405111},
title = {{Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month after the  outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students.}},
volume = {274},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Duan2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The sudden outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a  dramatic effect on the mental health of the public. In the present study, we demonstrated the psychological effects on children and adolescents associated with the epidemic . METHODS: By using convenience sampling method, questionnaires, such as Spence Child Anxiety Scale, Child Depression Inventory and Coping style Scale, were distributed to participating 359 children and 3254 adolescents online. RESULTS: The anxiety levels of children and adolescents were (23.87 ± 15.79) and (29.27 ± 19.79), respectively. 22.28{\%} respondents were suffering from depressive symptoms. Seven significant factors associated with increased levels of anxiety, including female, resident in urban regions, emotion-focused coping style. Nine factors associated with increased levels of depression, such as smartphone addiction (OR 1.411, 95{\%} CI 1.099-1.180), Internet addiction (OR 1.844, 95{\%} CI 1.209-2.811), and resident in Hubei province (OR 3.107, 95{\%} CI 1.252-7.708). Two additional factors associated with decreased levels of depressive symptoms: hours spend on Internet per day before the epidemic (OR 0.652, 95{\%} CI 0.609-0.697) and tendency to apply problem-focused coping style (OR 0.937, 95{\%} CI 0.923-0.951). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant psychosocial impact on children and adolescents. Findings of current levels of anxiety and depression not only highlight the need to address emotional distress for children and adolescents during the epidemic but also provide researchers with scientific fundamentals to formulate targeted interventions based on the significant influencing factors.},
author = {Duan, Li and Shao, Xiaojun and Wang, Yuan and Huang, Yinglin and Miao, Junxiao and Yang, Xueping and Zhu, Gang},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {112--118},
pmid = {32658812},
title = {{An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in china during  the outbreak of COVID-19.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bentata2020,
abstract = {The repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic for medical students are enormous and not  limited to the interruption of courses in medical schools and/or hospital training rotations, the introduction of teaching exclusively online, postponement of examinations, and of the new academic year, but extend beyond that. The mobility of students within the framework of the International Federation of Medical Students' Associations (IFMSA) is also strongly affected by the unexpected interruption of this program and the deprivation of thousands of students worldwide of this fine opportunity for training, exchange and sharing. The International Federation of Medical Students' Associations (IFMSA) was founded in 1951 and currently maintains 135 National Member Organizations (NMOs) from 125 countries, representing a network of 1.3 million medical students around the globe. Moroccan students, members of IFMSA like students from other countries, are also concerned. Clinical and research exchanges, carried out under the auspices of the IFMSA, allow all the students to discover the health care and medical education systems of another country in a different sociocultural environment. To maintain student motivation and deal with the repercussions of cancelled exchanges, IFMSA could propose online training programs, adapted to student needs during this period of confinement and deconfinement from June to September 2020.},
author = {Bentata, Yassamine},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1783784},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Education, Medical,Humans,Internationality,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Societies, Medical,Students, Medical,epidemiology,organization {\&} administration},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1783784},
pmid = {32552464},
title = {{The COVID-19 pandemic and international federation of medical students' association  exchanges: thousands of students deprived of their clinical and research exchanges.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sangiorgio2020,
abstract = {At the beginning of 2020, the spread of a new strand of Coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2  (COVID-19) raised the interest of the scientific community about the risk assessment related to the viral infection. The contagion became pandemic in few months forcing many Countries to declare lockdown status. In this context of quarantine, all commercial and productive activities are suspended, and many Countries are experiencing a serious crisis. To this aim, the understanding of risk of contagion in every urban district is fundamental for governments and administrations to establish reopening strategies. This paper proposes the calibration of an index able to predict the risk of contagion in urban districts in order to support the administrations in identifying the best strategies to reduce or restart the local activities during lockdown conditions. The objective regards the achievement of a useful tool to predict the risk of contagion by considering socio-economic data such as the presence of activities, companies, institutions and number of infections in urban districts. The proposed index is based on a factorial formula, simple and easy to be applied by practitioners, calibrated by using an optimization-based procedure and exploiting data of 257 urban districts of Apulian region (Italy). Moreover, a comparison with a more refined analysis, based on the training of Artificial Neural Networks, is performed in order to take into account the non-linearity of the phenomenon. The investigation quantifies the influence of each considered parameter in the risk of contagion useful to obtain risk analysis and forecast scenarios.},
author = {Sangiorgio, Valentino and Parisi, Fabio},
doi = {10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104862},
issn = {0925-7535 (Print)},
journal = {Safety science},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {104862},
pmid = {32536749},
title = {{A multicriteria approach for risk assessment of Covid-19 in urban district lockdown.}},
volume = {130},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Boodman2020,
abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is causing wide-spread interruptions in  medical education. With little warning, clinical rotations were cancelled and medical students were sent home. While pre-clinical students transitioned to online curricula, clinical students were left without discreet educational goals. Simultaneously, medical doctors were scrambling to maintain competence in the face of rapidly evolving COVID-19 information. Here, we describe an education program that integrates medical students into interdisciplinary teams to review emerging COVID-19 research that directly answers questions sent in by medical doctors.},
author = {Boodman, Carl and Lee, Santina and Bullard, Jared},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1770562},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Curriculum,Education, Medical,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Students, Medical,organization {\&} administration,statistics {\&} numerical data,trends},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1770562},
pmid = {32441229},
title = {{Idle medical students review emerging COVID-19 research.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Kashyap2020,
author = {Kashyap, Shwetmala and Ramaprasad, Arkalgud and {Bidare Sastry}, Nandakumar},
booktitle = {The International journal of health planning and management},
doi = {10.1002/hpm.3026},
issn = {1099-1751 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32743890},
title = {{Waste quarantine to reduce COVID-19 infection spread.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Romagnoli2020,
abstract = {First isolated in China in early 2020, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome  Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The disease has been spreading rapidly across the globe, with the largest burden falling on China, Europe, and the United States. COVID-19 is a new clinical syndrome, characterized by respiratory symptoms with varying degrees of severity, from mild upper respiratory illness to severe interstitial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, aggravated by thrombosis in the pulmonary microcirculation. Three main phases of disease progression have been proposed for COVID-19: an early infection phase, a pulmonary phase, and a hyperinflammation phase. Although current understanding of COVID-19 treatment is mainly derived from small uncontrolled trials that are affected by a number of biases, strong background noise, and a litany of confounding factors, emerging awareness suggests that drugs currently used to treat COVID-19 (antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, immunomodulators, anticoagulants, and antibodies) should be evaluated in relation to the pathophysiology of disease progression. Drawing upon the dramatic experiences taking place in Italy and around the world, here we review the changes in the evolution of the disease and focus on current treatment uncertainties and promising new therapies.},
author = {Romagnoli, Stefano and Peris, Adriano and {De Gaudio}, A Raffaele and Geppetti, Pierangelo},
doi = {10.1152/physrev.00020.2020},
issn = {1522-1210 (Electronic)},
journal = {Physiological reviews},
keywords = {Antimalarials,Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Global Health,Humans,Immunologic Factors,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,drug therapy,pathology,therapeutic use,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {4},
pages = {1455--1466},
pmid = {32496872},
title = {{SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: From the Bench to the Bedside.}},
volume = {100},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Liu2020,
author = {Liu, Xuemei and Wang, Jing and Xu, Xiaolei and Liao, Guojian and Chen, Yaokai and Hu, Chang-Hua},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1773324},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Adult,Aged,Antibodies, Viral,Betacoronavirus,China,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Cohort Studies,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Immunoglobulin G,Immunoglobulin M,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Severity of Illness Index,blood,diagnosis,epidemiology,immunology,methods,pathogenicity},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1269--1274},
pmid = {32515684},
title = {{Patterns of IgG and IgM antibody response in COVID-19 patients.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Taube2020,
author = {Taube, Catharine and Mansour, Sami and Hakky, Sherif},
booktitle = {Obesity surgery},
doi = {10.1007/s11695-020-04656-4},
issn = {1708-0428 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Bariatric Surgery,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Gastrectomy,Humans,Obesity, Morbid,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,surgery},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {3588--3589},
pmid = {32388705},
title = {{A Unique Presentation of COVID-19 in a Patient Post Sleeve Gastrectomy.}},
volume = {30},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hoang2020,
abstract = {Given the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the huge negative impacts it is  causing, researching on COVID-19-related issues is very important for designing proactive and comprehensive public health interventions to fight against the pandemic. We describe the characteristics of COVID-19 patients detected in the two phases of the epidemic in Vietnam. Data used in this paper were mainly obtained from the official database of the Ministry of Health of Vietnam. Descriptive statistics were carried out using Stata 16 software. As of 18 May 2020, the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases detected in Vietnam was 324, 16 cases from 4 cities and provinces in the first phase (during 20 days, 0.8 cases detected per day) and 308 cases from 35 cities, provinces in the second phase (during 76 days, 4.1 cases detected per day). Vietnam has mobilized its entire political system to fight the COVID-19 and achieved some initial successes. We found both similarities and differences between the two phases of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam. We demonstrated that the situation of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam is getting more complicated and unpredictable.},
author = {Hoang, Van Minh and Hoang, Hong Hanh and Khuong, Quynh Long and La, Ngoc Quang and Tran, Thi Tuyet Hanh},
doi = {10.1080/16549716.2020.1776526},
issn = {1654-9880 (Electronic)},
journal = {Global health action},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Politics,Public Health,Vietnam,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1776526},
pmid = {32588779},
title = {{Describing the pattern of the COVID-19 epidemic in Vietnam.}},
volume = {13},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Hoehn2020,
author = {Hoehn, Richard S and Zureikat, Amer H},
booktitle = {Journal of surgical oncology},
doi = {10.1002/jso.26043},
issn = {1096-9098 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {371--372},
pmid = {32452031},
title = {{Cancer disparities in the COVID-19 era.}},
volume = {122},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Peros2020,
abstract = {Background: With the rapid global spread of the acute respiratory syndrome  coronavirus 2, urgent health-care measures have been implemented. We describe the organizational process in setting up a coronavirus disease 2019 triage unit in a Swiss tertiary care hospital. Methods: Our triage unit was set-up outside of the main hospital building and consists of three areas: 1. Pre-triage, 2. Triage, and 3. Triage plus. The Pre-triage check-points identify any potential COVID-19-infected patients and re-direct them to the main Triage area where trained medical staff screen which patients undergo diagnostic testing. If testing is indicated, nasopharyngeal swabs are performed. If patients require further investigations, they are referred to Triage plus. At this stage, patients are then discharged home after additional testing or admitted to the hospital for management. Observations: A total of 1265 patients were screened between 10 March 2020 and 12 April 2020 at our Triage unit. Of these, 112 (8.9{\%}) tested positive. 73 (65{\%}) of the positively-tested patients were female and 39 (35{\%}) were male. The mean age for all patients was 43.8 years (SD 16.3 years). Distinguishing between genders, mean age for females was 41.1 (SD 16.5) and mean age for males was 48.6 (SD 14.9), with females being significantly younger than males (p {\textless} 0.001). Conclusion: Our triage unit was set-up as part of a large-scale restructuring process. Current challenges include low sensitivity for test results as well as limited staff and resources. We hope that our experience will help other health care institutions develop similar triage systems.},
author = {Peros, Georgios and Gronki, Ferda and Molitor, Nadine and Streit, Michael and Sugimoto, Kiyoshi and Karrer, Urs and Lunger, Fabian and Adamina, Michel and Breitenstein, Stefan and Lamdark, Tenzin},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1787107},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Adult,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Hospitalization,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Switzerland,Triage,diagnosis,methods,statistics {\&} numerical data,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1506--1513},
pmid = {32579076},
title = {{Organizing a COVID-19 triage unit: a Swiss perspective.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Thorne2020,
author = {Thorne, Julie G and Buitendyk, Marie and Wawuda, Righa and Lewis, Brianne and Bernard, Caitlin and Spitzer, Rachel F},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1763577},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Global Health,Health Services Accessibility,Health Services Needs and Demand,Humans,Kenya,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Pregnancy,Reproductive Health,Vulnerable Populations,Women's Health,epidemiology,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1763577},
pmid = {32364037},
title = {{The reproductive health fall-out of a global pandemic.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Pimentel2020,
author = {Pimentel, Marc Philip T and Pimentel, Camilla B and Wheeler, Kimberly and Dehmer, Emily and Vacanti, Joshua C and Urman, Richard D},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109875},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109875},
pmid = {32450475},
title = {{Using a pre-procedure COVID-19 huddle to improve operating room safety.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Allam2020,
abstract = {Chinese cities have been placed upon lockdown in early 2020 in an attempt to contain  the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), as increasingly huge demands are being placed upon Chinese and international health professionals to address this pandemic. Surprisingly, planning and design professionals are absent in the discourses about existing and post-COVID-19 strategies and actions even though previous pandemics historically revealed major impacts on the urban fabric from social and economic perspectives. This paper is a call for action for international architectural and urban organisations to include pandemics and similar in their disaster management strategies. This need is very evident in their need to better design creative and relevant protocols in partnership with health discipine organisations, and so that their applied deployment in pandemic stricken cities can be effected integrated seamlessly within normal city environment planning activities and also in incident situations like containing the current COVID-19 pandemic.},
author = {Allam, Zaheer and Jones, David S},
doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104805},
issn = {0264-8377 (Print)},
journal = {Land use policy},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {104805},
pmid = {32508374},
title = {{Pandemic stricken cities on lockdown. Where are our planning and design  professionals [now, then and into the future]?}},
volume = {97},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Buldu2020,
abstract = {In this work, we present a stochastic discrete-time SEIR  Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recoveredmodel adapted to describe the propagation of COVID-19 during a football tournament. Specifically, we are concerned about the re-start of the Spanish national football league, La Liga, which is currently -May 2020- stopped with 11 fixtures remaining. Our model includes two additional states of an individual, confined and quarantined, which are reached when an individual presents COVID-19 symptoms or has undergone a virus test with a positive result. The model also accounts for the interaction dynamics of players, considering three different sources of infection: the player social circle, the contact with his/her team colleagues during training sessions, and the interaction with rivals during a match. Our results highlight the influence of the days between matches, the frequency of virus tests and their sensitivity on the number of players infected at the end of the season. Following our findings, we finally propose a variety of strategies to minimise the probability that COVID-19 propagates in case the season of La Liga was re-started after the current lockdown.},
author = {Buld{\'{u}}, Javier M and Antequera, Daniel R and Aguirre, Jacobo},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109964},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109964},
pmid = {32518475},
title = {{The resumption of sports competitions after COVID-19 lockdown: The case of the  Spanish football league.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Verna2020,
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has drastically altered all facets of clinical care and  research. Clinical research in hepatology has had a rich tradition in several domains, including the discovery and therapeutic development for diseases such as hepatitis B and C, and studying the natural history of many forms of chronic liver disease. NIH, foundation and industry funding has provided important opportunities to advance the academic careers of young investigators while they strived to make contributions to the field. Instantaneously, however, all non-essential research activities were halted when the pandemic started, forcing those involved in clinical research to re-think their research strategy, including a shift to COVID-19 research while endeavoring to maintain their pre-existing agenda. Strategies to maintain the integrity of ongoing studies, including patient follow up, safety assessments and continuation of investigation products, have included a shift to telemedicine, remote safety laboratory monitoring, and shipping of investigational products to study subjects. As a re-vamp of research is being planned, unique issues that face the research community include maintenance of infrastructure, funding, completion of studies in the pre-determined time frame and the need to re-program career path timelines. Real world databases, biomarker and long term follow up studies, and research involving special groups (children, the homeless and other marginalized populations) are likely to face unique challenges. The implementation of telemedicine has been dramatically accelerated and will serve as a backbone for the future of clinical research. As we move forward, innovation in clinical trial design will be essential for conducting optimized clinical research.},
author = {Verna, Elizabeth C and Serper, Marina and Chu, Jaime and Corey, Kathleen and Fix, Oren K and Hoyt, Karen and Page, Kimberly A and Loomba, Rohit and Li, Ming and Everson, Gregory T and Fried, Michael W and Garcia-Tsao, Guadalupe and Terrault, Norah and Lok, Anna S and Chung, Raymond T and Reddy, K Rajender},
doi = {10.1002/hep.31491},
issn = {1527-3350 (Electronic)},
journal = {Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32740969},
title = {{Clinical Research in Hepatology in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Era:  Challenges and the Need for Innovation.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Fattorini2020,
abstract = {After the initial outbreak in China, the diffusion in Italy of SARS-CoV-2 is  exhibiting a clear regional trend with more elevated frequency and severity of cases in Northern areas. Among multiple factors possibly involved in such geographical differences, a role has been hypothesized for atmospheric pollution. We provide additional evidence on the possible influence of air quality, particularly in terms of chronicity of exposure on the spread viral infection in Italian regions. Actual data on Covid-19 outbreak in Italian provinces and corresponding long-term air quality evaluations, were obtained from Italian and European agencies, elaborated and tested for possible interactions. Our elaborations reveal that, beside concentrations, the chronicity of exposure may influence the anomalous variability of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy. Data on distribution of atmospheric pollutants (NO(2), O(3), PM(2.5) and PM(10)) in Italian regions during the last 4 years, days exceeding regulatory limits, and years of the last decade (2010-2019) in which the limits have been exceeded for at least 35 days, highlight that Northern Italy has been constantly exposed to chronic air pollution. Long-term air-quality data significantly correlated with cases of Covid-19 in up to 71 Italian provinces (updated April 27, 2020) providing further evidence that chronic exposure to atmospheric contamination may represent a favourable context for the spread of the virus. Pro-inflammatory responses and high incidence of respiratory and cardiac affections are well known, while the capability of this coronavirus to bind particulate matters remains to be established. Atmospheric and environmental pollution should be considered as part of an integrated approach for sustainable development, human health protection and prevention of epidemic spreads but in a long-term and chronic perspective, since adoption of mitigation actions during a viral outbreak could be of limited utility.},
author = {Fattorini, Daniele and Regoli, Francesco},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114732},
issn = {1873-6424 (Electronic)},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Outbreaks,Environmental Exposure,Humans,Inflammation,Italy,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral,adverse effects,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {114732},
pmid = {32387671},
title = {{Role of the chronic air pollution levels in the Covid-19 outbreak risk in Italy.}},
volume = {264},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zajenkowski2020,
abstract = {In 2020, many countries around the world created and enforced heavy restrictions  geared towards reducing the spread of the coronavirus (i.e., COVID-19). In this study (N = 263), we examined the role of personality traits (i.e., Big Five and Dark Triad) and individual differences in perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic situation (the situational eight: Duty, Intellect, Adversity, Mating, Positivity, Negativity, Deception, and Sociality) in accounting for individual differences in compliance with the governmental restrictions in Poland. We found that the way people perceived the situation explained more variance in compliance than personality traits which is in accordance with the hypothesis that strong situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, leave less room for dispositional tendencies in predicting behaviors than situational cues. Moreover, people scoring low on agreeableness and high on aspects of the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy Factor 1, and narcissistic rivalry) were less likely to comply with the restrictions. Additionally, we replicated and extended what is known about the associations between personality and individual differences in the perception of situations when the latter were assessed in relation to a strong situation and the former were assessed with long and multidimensional measures.},
author = {Zajenkowski, Marcin and Jonason, Peter K and Leniarska, Maria and Kozakiewicz, Zuzanna},
doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2020.110199},
issn = {0191-8869 (Print)},
journal = {Personality and individual differences},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
pages = {110199},
pmid = {32565591},
title = {{Who complies with the restrictions to reduce the spread of COVID-19?: Personality  and perceptions of the COVID-19 situation.}},
volume = {166},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Piraccini2020,
author = {Piraccini, Emanuele and Byrne, Helen and Taddei, Stefania},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109852},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109852},
pmid = {32361284},
title = {{Chronic pain management in COVID-19 era.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Obata2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: With the highest number of cases in the world as of April 13, 2020, New  York City (NYC) became the epicenter of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The data regarding palliative team involvement in patients with COVID-19, however, remains scarce. We aimed to investigate outcomes of palliative team involvement for the patients with COVID-19 in NYC. METHODS: Consecutive 225 patients with confirmed COVID-19 requiring hospitalization in our urban academic medical center in NYC were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups, those with a palliative care consult (palliative group: 14.2{\%} [n = 32]) versus those with no palliative care consult (no palliative group: 85.8{\%} [n = 193]). RESULTS: The palliative group was older and had more comorbidities. During the hospital course, the palliative group had more intensive care unit stays, rapid response team activations, and more use of vasopressors (P {\textless} .05). Patients with palliative care had higher rates of invasive mechanical ventilation than those without (46.9{\%} vs 10.4{\%}, P {\textless} .001). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 12 patients (6.5{\%} vs 5.2{\%}, P = .77) and death rate was 100{\%} in both subsets. Notably, initial code status was not different between the 2 groups, however, code status at discharge was significantly different between them (P {\textless} .001). The rate of full code decreased by 70{\%} in the palliative group and by 47.5{\%} in the no palliative care group from admission to the time of death. CONCLUSIONS: Critically ill patients hospitalized for COVID-19 benefit from palliative team consults by helping to clarify advanced directives and minimize futile resuscitative efforts.},
author = {Obata, Reiichiro and Maeda, Tetsuro and Rizk, Dahlia and Kuno, Toshiki},
doi = {10.1177/1049909120940986},
issn = {1938-2715 (Electronic)},
journal = {The American journal of hospice {\&} palliative care},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {869--872},
pmid = {32638632},
title = {{Palliative Care Team Involvement in Patients With COVID-19 in New York City.}},
volume = {37},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Gianfrancesco2020,
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is of special  concern for patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) and those who care for them because of the potential for worse outcomes. This article analyzes peer-reviewed research on the epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 in those with IMID. RECENT FINDINGS: Published literature on approximately 1400 patients was included from rheumatology, gastroenterology, and dermatology. Data suggest that those who are older and have comorbidities have poorer outcomes. This is consistent with the reports from the general population of patients with COVID-19. Adjusted analyses from the largest published studies demonstrate independent effects of systemic glucocorticoids, as well as age and comorbidities with poorer COVID-19 outcomes (SECURE-IBD registry, n = 525; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry, n = 600); biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy has not been associated with more severe outcomes. These early results will require validation in population-based studies as more data becomes available. SUMMARY: Current data suggest that similar to the general population, age, and comorbidities are risk factors for poorer COVID-19 outcomes in patients with IMID. Additional research is needed to quantify outcomes and risk across rheumatic disease types, comorbidities, and immunosuppressive drugs.},
author = {Gianfrancesco, Milena and Yazdany, Jinoos and Robinson, Philip C},
doi = {10.1097/BOR.0000000000000725},
issn = {1531-6963 (Electronic)},
journal = {Current opinion in rheumatology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {434--440},
pmid = {32675715},
title = {{Epidemiology and outcomes of novel coronavirus 2019 in patients with immune-mediated  inflammatory diseases.}},
volume = {32},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Iqbal2020,
abstract = {This study attempts to document the nexus between weather, COVID-19 outbreak in  Wuhan and the Chinese economy. We used daily average temperature (hourly data), daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, and RMB (Chinese currency) exchange rate to represent the weather, COVID-19 outbreak and the Chinese economy, respectively. The methodology of Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC), Partial Wavelet Coherence (PWC) and Multiple Wavelet Coherence (MWC) is employed to analyze the daily data collected from 21st January 2020 to 31st March 2020. The results have revealed a significant coherence between the series at different time-frequency combinations. The overall results suggest the insignificance of an increase in temperature to contain or slow down the new COVID-19 infections. The RMB exchange rate and the COVID-19 showed an out phase coherence at specific time-frequency spots suggesting a negative but limited impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan on the Chinese export economy. Our results are contrary to many earlier studies which suggest a significant role of temperature in slowing down the COVID-19 spread. These results can have important policy implications for the containment of COVID-19 spread and macro-economic management with respect to changes in the weather.},
author = {Iqbal, Najaf and Fareed, Zeeshan and Shahzad, Farrukh and He, Xin and Shahzad, Umer and Lina, Ma},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138916},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,China,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Temperature},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138916},
pmid = {32388129},
title = {{The nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan city: New  findings from partial and multiple wavelet coherence.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Faggiano2020,
abstract = {There is some evidence that Covid 19 pneumonia is associated with prothrombotic  status and increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism). Over a two-week period we admitted in our Unit 25 patients with Covid-19 pneumonia, of these pulmonary embolism was diagnosed using computed tomography angiography in 7. We report on clinical and biochemical features of these patients. They were all males, with a mean age of 70.3 years (range 58-84); traditional risk factors for venous thromboembolism were identified in the majority of patients with pulmonary embolism, however not differently from those without pulmonary embolism. Clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism patients was usually characterized by persistence or worsening of respiratory symptoms, with increasing oxygen requirement. D-dimer levels were several fold higher than the upper threshold of normal; in patients in whom PE was recognized during hospital stay, a rapid and relevant increase of D-dimer levels was observed. Computed tomographic findings ranged from massive acute pulmonary embolism to a segmental or sub-segmental pattern; furthermore, thrombosis of sub-segmental pulmonary arteries within lung infiltrates were occasionally seen, suggesting local mechanisms. Six out of 7 patients were treated with unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin with clinical benefit within few days; one patient needed systemic thrombolysis (death from hemorrhagic complication).},
author = {Faggiano, Pompilio and Bonelli, Andrea and Paris, Sara and Milesi, Giuseppe and Bisegna, Stefano and Bernardi, Nicola and Curnis, Antonio and Agricola, Eustachio and Maroldi, Roberto},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.04.028},
issn = {1874-1754 (Electronic)},
journal = {International journal of cardiology},
keywords = {Aged,Anticoagulants,Betacoronavirus,Comorbidity,Computed Tomography Angiography,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products,Heparin,Humans,Incidence,Italy,Male,Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care,Oxygen,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Pulmonary Embolism,Sex Factors,Venous Thromboembolism,administration {\&} dosage,analysis,blood,complications,diagnosis,epidemiology,etiology,isolation {\&} purification,methods,physiopathology,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {129--131},
pmid = {32471650},
title = {{Acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 disease: Preliminary report on seven patients.}},
volume = {313},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Tiwari2020,
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread over 210 countries and territories  beyond China shortly. On February 29, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) denoted it in a high-risk category, and on March 11, 2020, this virus was designated pandemic, after its declaration being a Public Health International Emergency on January 30, 2020. World over high efforts are being made to counter and contain this virus. The COVID-19 outbreak once again proves the potential of the animal-human interface to act as the primary source of emerging zoonotic diseases. Even though the circumstantial evidence suggests the possibility of an initial zoonotic emergence, it is too early to confirm the role of intermediate hosts such as snakes, pangolins, turtles, and other wild animals in the origin of SARS-CoV-2, in addition to bats, the natural hosts of multiple coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The lessons learned from past episodes of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV are being exploited to retort this virus. Best efforts are being taken up by worldwide nations to implement effective diagnosis, strict vigilance, heightened surveillance, and monitoring, along with adopting appropriate preventive and control strategies. Identifying the possible zoonotic emergence and the exact mechanism responsible for its initial transmission will help us to design and implement appropriate preventive barriers against the further transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This review discusses in brief about the COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 with a particular focus on the role of animals, the veterinary and associated zoonotic links along with prevention and control strategies based on One-health approaches.},
author = {Tiwari, Ruchi and Dhama, Kuldeep and Sharun, Khan and {Iqbal Yatoo}, Mohd and Malik, Yashpal Singh and Singh, Rajendra and Michalak, Izabela and Sah, Ranjit and Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine and Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J},
doi = {10.1080/01652176.2020.1766725},
issn = {1875-5941 (Electronic)},
journal = {The veterinary quarterly},
keywords = {Animals,Betacoronavirus,Camelus,Cats,Chiroptera,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Reservoirs,Dogs,Eutheria,Ferrets,Humans,Macaca mulatta,Models, Animal,One Health,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Snakes,Tigers,Viral Vaccines,Virus Shedding,Viverridae,World Health Organization,Zoonoses,classification,pathogenicity,prevention {\&} control,transmission,veterinary,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {169--182},
pmid = {32393111},
title = {{COVID-19: animals, veterinary and zoonotic links.}},
volume = {40},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Powell2020,
abstract = {This Editorial will be the first of COVID-19 Time Capsule. This one is dated on  March 15, 2020, but will not publish until the September-October 2020 issue. Time Capsule 2 will come out in about 2 months. Consider them "historical" documents-snapshots in time.},
author = {Powell, Suzanne K},
doi = {10.1097/NCM.0000000000000457},
issn = {1932-8095 (Electronic)},
journal = {Professional case management},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {245--247},
pmid = {32732801},
title = {{COVID-19 Time Capsule 1: DATE: March 15, 2020.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Ben-Ezra2020,
abstract = {• The world health organization (WHO) guidelines needs to be empirically examined. •  The study sought to look at the recommended and non-recommended behaviors. • The results of the study show that psychological distress was negatively associated with recommended behaviors and positively with non-recommended behaviors.},
author = {Ben-Ezra, Menachem and Sun, Shaojing and Hou, Wai Kai and Goodwin, Robin},
booktitle = {Journal of affective disorders},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.026},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {66--68},
pmid = {32658825},
title = {{The association of being in quarantine and related COVID-19 recommended and  non-recommended behaviors with psychological distress in Chinese population.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{TeixeiradaSilva2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to a flood of papers and preprints, has placed  multiple challenges on academic publishing, the most obvious one being sustained integrity under the pressure to publish quickly. There are risks of this high volume-to-speed ratio. Many letters, editorials, and supposedly "peer reviewed" papers in ranked and indexed journals were published in a matter of days, suggesting that peer review was either fleeting or non-existential, or that papers were rapidly approved by editors based on their perceived interest and topicality, rather than on their intrinsic academic value. In academic publishing circles, the claim of "peer review", when in fact it has not been conducted, is a core characteristic of "predatory publishing", and is also a "fake" element that may undermine efforts in recent years to build trust in science's budding serials crisis. While the world is still centrally focused on COVID-19, the issue of "predatory publishing" is being ignored, or not being given sufficient attention. The risks to the scholarly community, academic publishing and ultimately public health are at stake when exploitative and predatory publishing are left unchallenged.},
author = {Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A},
booktitle = {Journal of academic librarianship},
doi = {10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102187},
issn = {0099-1333 (Print)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {102187},
pmid = {32589695},
title = {{An Alert to COVID-19 Literature in Predatory Publishing Venues.}},
volume = {46},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Ogawa2020,
author = {Ogawa, Haruhiko and Asakura, Hidesaku},
booktitle = {Physiological reviews},
doi = {10.1152/physrev.00023.2020},
issn = {1522-1210 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Estrone,Fibrinolysin,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk Factors,Tranexamic Acid,analogs {\&} derivatives},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {4},
pages = {1595--1596},
pmid = {32639181},
title = {{Consideration of Tranexamic Acid Administration to COVID-19 Patients.}},
volume = {100},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Falzone2020,
abstract = {Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) is the gold  standard method for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection. Due to pre‑analytical and technical limitations, samples with low viral load are often misdiagnosed as false‑negative samples. Therefore, it is important to evaluate other strategies able to overcome the limits of RT‑qPCR. Blinded swab samples from two individuals diagnosed positive and negative for COVID‑19 were analyzed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and RT‑qPCR in order to assess the sensitivity of both methods. Intercalation chemistries and a World Health Organization (WHO)/Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)‑approved probe for the SARS‑CoV‑2 N gene were used. SYBR‑Green RT‑qPCR is not able to diagnose as positive samples with low viral load, while, TaqMan Probe RT‑qPCR gave positive signals at very late Ct values. On the contrary, ddPCR showed higher sensitivity rate compared to RT‑qPCR and both EvaGreen and probe ddPCR were able to recognize the sample with low viral load as positive even at 10‑fold diluted concentration. In conclusion, ddPCR shows higher sensitivity and specificity compared to RT‑qPCR for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 infection in false‑negative samples with low viral load. Therefore, ddPCR is strongly recommended in clinical practice for the diagnosis of COVID‑19 and the follow‑up of positive patients until complete remission.},
author = {Falzone, Luca and Musso, Nicol{\`{o}} and Gattuso, Giuseppe and Bongiorno, Dafne and Palermo, Concetta Ilenia and Scalia, Guido and Libra, Massimo and Stefani, Stefania},
doi = {10.3892/ijmm.2020.4673},
issn = {1791-244X (Electronic)},
journal = {International journal of molecular medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {957--964},
pmid = {32705153},
title = {{Sensitivity assessment of droplet digital PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection.}},
volume = {46},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Hayashi2020,
abstract = {• We demonstrated the first patient with COVID-19 developing an isolated SCC lesion  on brain MRI, suggestive of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS). • MERS can be considered as a differential diagnosis for neurological symptoms of COVID-19, especially when patients develop transient cerebellar ataxia or disorientation.},
author = {Hayashi, Misayo and Sahashi, Yuki and Baba, Yasutomo and Okura, Hiroyuki and Shimohata, Takayoshi},
booktitle = {Journal of the neurological sciences},
doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2020.116941},
issn = {1878-5883 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Aged,Betacoronavirus,Brain Diseases,Coronavirus Infections,Corpus Callosum,Encephalitis,Humans,Male,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,complications,diagnostic imaging,pathology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {116941},
pmid = {32474220},
title = {{COVID-19-associated mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial  lesion.}},
volume = {415},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kim2020b,
author = {Kim, Sujeong and Jin, Hyun Jung and Kim, So Ri},
doi = {10.4168/aair.2020.12.5.897},
issn = {2092-7355 (Print)},
journal = {Allergy, asthma {\&} immunology research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {897--901},
pmid = {32638569},
title = {{Management of Severe Asthma During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea.}},
volume = {12},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Jin2020,
abstract = {The mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 virus genome during COVID-19 dissemination are  unclear. In 788 COVID-19 patients from Zhejiang province, we observed decreased rate of severe/critical cases compared with patients in Wuhan. For mechanisms exploration, we isolated one strain of SARS-CoV-2 (ZJ01) from a mild COVID-19 patient. Thirty-five specific gene mutations were identified. Phylogenetic and relative synonymous codon usage analysis suggested that ZJ01 may be a potential evolutionary branch of SARS-CoV-2. We classified 54 global virus strains based on the base (C or T) at positions 8824 and 28247 while ZJ01 has T at both sites. The prediction of the Furin cleavage site (FCS) and sequence alignment indicated that the FCS may be an important site of coronavirus evolution. ZJ01 mutations identified near the FCS (F1-2) caused changes in the structure and electrostatic distribution of the S surface protein, further affecting the binding capacity of Furin. Single-cell sequencing and ACE2-Furin co-expression results confirmed that the Furin expression was especially higher in glands, liver, kidneys, and colon. The evolutionary pattern of SARS-CoV-2 towards FCS formation may result in its clinical symptom becoming closer to HKU-1 and OC43 caused mild flu-like symptoms, further showing its potential in differentiating into mild COVID-19 subtypes.},
author = {Jin, Xi and Xu, Kangli and Jiang, Penglei and Lian, Jiangshan and Hao, Shaorui and Yao, Hangping and Jia, Hongyu and Zhang, Yimin and Zheng, Lin and Zheng, Nuoheng and Chen, Dong and Yao, Jinmei and Hu, Jianhua and Gao, Jianguo and Wen, Liang and Shen, Jian and Ren, Yue and Yu, Guodong and Wang, Xiaoyan and Lu, Yingfeng and Yu, Xiaopeng and Yu, Liang and Xiang, Dairong and Wu, Nanping and Lu, Xiangyun and Cheng, Linfang and Liu, Fumin and Wu, Haibo and Jin, Changzhong and Yang, Xiaofeng and Qian, Pengxu and Qiu, Yunqing and Sheng, Jifang and Liang, Tingbo and Li, Lanjuan and Yang, Yida},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1781551},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Adult,Betacoronavirus,China,Codon,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Progression,Evolution, Molecular,Female,Furin,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Mutation,Pandemics,Phylogeny,Pneumonia, Viral,Retrospective Studies,Sequence Analysis, RNA,complications,epidemiology,genetics,isolation {\&} purification,metabolism,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1474--1488},
pmid = {32543348},
title = {{Virus strain from a mild COVID-19 patient in Hangzhou represents a new trend in  SARS-CoV-2 evolution potentially related to Furin cleavage site.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Baek2020,
abstract = {The previous outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have led researchers to study the  role of diagnostics in impediment of further spread and transmission. With the recent emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the availability of rapid, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic methods is essential for disease control. Hence, we have developed a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the specific detection of SARS-CoV-2. The primer sets for RT-LAMP assay were designed to target the nucleocapsid gene of the viral RNA, and displayed a detection limit of 10(2) RNA copies close to that of qRT-PCR. Notably, the assay has exhibited a rapid detection span of 30 min combined with the colorimetric visualization. This test can detect specifically viral RNAs of the SARS-CoV-2 with no cross-reactivity to related coronaviruses, such as HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and MERS-CoV as well as human infectious influenza viruses (type B, H1N1pdm, H3N2, H5N1, H5N6, H5N8, and H7N9), and other respiratory disease-causing viruses (RSVA, RSVB, ADV, PIV, MPV, and HRV). Furthermore, the developed RT-LAMP assay has been evaluated using specimens collected from COVID-19 patients that exhibited high agreement to the qRT-PCR. Our RT-LAMP assay is simple to perform, less expensive, time-efficient, and can be used in clinical laboratories for preliminary detection of SARS-CoV-2 in suspected patients. In addition to the high sensitivity and specificity, this isothermal amplification conjugated with a single-tube colorimetric detection method may contribute to the public health responses and disease control, especially in the areas with limited laboratory capacities.},
author = {Baek, Yun Hee and Um, Jihye and Antigua, Khristine Joy C and Park, Ji-Hyun and Kim, Yeonjae and Oh, Sol and Kim, Young-Il and Choi, Won-Suk and Kim, Seong Gyu and Jeong, Ju Hwan and Chin, Bum Sik and Nicolas, Halcyon Dawn G and Ahn, Ji-Young and Shin, Kyeong Seob and Choi, Young Ki and Park, Jun-Sun and Song, Min-Suk},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1756698},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Limit of Detection,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques,Nucleocapsid Proteins,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Time Factors,diagnosis,economics,genetics,isolation {\&} purification,methods,standards,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {998--1007},
pmid = {32306853},
title = {{Development of a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification as a  rapid early-detection method for novel SARS-CoV-2.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Sun2020,
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 caused a major outbreak of severe pneumonia (COVID-19) in humans. Viral  RNA was detected in multiple organs in COVID-19 patients. However, infectious SARS-CoV-2 was only isolated from respiratory specimens. Here, infectious SARS-CoV-2 was successfully isolated from urine of a COVID-19 patient. The virus isolated could infect new susceptible cells and was recognized by its' own patient sera. Appropriate precautions should be taken to avoid transmission from urine.},
author = {Sun, Jing and Zhu, Airu and Li, Heying and Zheng, Kui and Zhuang, Zhen and Chen, Zhao and Shi, Yongxia and Zhang, Zhaoyong and Chen, Si-Bei and Liu, Xuesong and Dai, Jun and Li, Xiaobo and Huang, Shuxiang and Huang, Xiaofang and Luo, Ling and Wen, Liyan and Zhuo, Jianfen and Li, Yuming and Wang, Yanqun and Zhang, Lu and Zhang, Yanjun and Li, Fang and Feng, Liqiang and Chen, Xinwen and Zhong, Nanshan and Yang, Zifeng and Huang, Jicheng and Zhao, Jincun and Li, Yi-Min},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1760144},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Aged,Animals,Betacoronavirus,Chlorocebus aethiops,Coronavirus Infections,Genome, Viral,Humans,Male,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction,Vero Cells,genetics,isolation {\&} purification,transmission,urine,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {991--993},
pmid = {32342724},
title = {{Isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from urine of a COVID-19 patient.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ma2020a,
author = {Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai and Tsai, Alice Shin-Yi},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2020.387},
issn = {1559-6834 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--4},
pmid = {32741392},
title = {{Big Data-driven personal protective equipment stockpiling framework under Universal  Healthcare System for Disease Control and Prevention in the COVID-19 Era.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sicari2020,
abstract = {Similar to other RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 must (1) enter a target/host cell, (2)  reprogram it to ensure its replication, (3) exit the host cell, and (4) repeat this cycle for exponential growth. During the exit step, the virus hijacks the sophisticated machineries that host cells employ to correctly fold, assemble, and transport proteins along the exocytic pathway. Therefore, secretory pathway-mediated assemblage and excretion of infective particles represent appealing targets to reduce the efficacy of virus biogenesis, if not to block it completely. Here, we analyze and discuss the contribution of the molecular machines operating in the early secretory pathway in the biogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and their relevance for potential antiviral targeting. The fact that these molecular machines are conserved throughout evolution, together with the redundancy and tissue specificity of their components, provides opportunities in the search for unique proteins essential for SARS-CoV-2 biology that could also be targeted with therapeutic objectives. Finally, we provide an overview of recent evidence implicating proteins of the early secretory pathway as potential antiviral targets with effective therapeutic applications.},
author = {Sicari, Daria and Chatziioannou, Aristotelis and Koutsandreas, Theodoros and Sitia, Roberto and Chevet, Eric},
doi = {10.1083/jcb.202006005},
issn = {1540-8140 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Journal of cell biology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pmid = {32725137},
title = {{Role of the early secretory pathway in SARS-CoV-2 infection.}},
volume = {219},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kwon2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: While the world struggles under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)  pandemic, a variety of antiviral agents and symptomatic treatments are being administered to patients and urgent clinical trials are underway. Under these circumstances, it is important to explore various possibilities for the treatment of COVID-19 including herbal medicines. Among various herbal medicines, Soshihotang (SSHT, Xiao Chai Hu Tang in Chinese) has been prescribed to treat various viral diseases and is used in combination with other herbal medicines depending on the patient's symptoms. METHODS: For conducting the present review, we searched electronic databases focusing on the antiviral effect of SSHT in experimental and clinical study until April 2020. The search keywords included SSHT, constituents of SSHT, and antiviral effect. We also searched for materials related to topic directly from websites and published books. Based on these search results, we summarized the results of the included materials in the form of a narrative review. RESULTS: In a number of recent clinical studies, treatment with SSHT improved the infection status of the respiratory and hepatobiliary systems, and experimental studies demonstrated the antiviral effect of SSHT and its components. Furthermore, SSHT are being used in China-where COVID-19 outbreak first took place-and offer a new option to treat COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Based on the present evidences, it is believed that SSHT is likely to be a new therapeutic option for COVID-19. Conducting further studies might provide improved understanding regarding the use of SSHT in treating COVID-19.},
author = {Kwon, Seungwon and Lee, Wonhaeng and Jin, Chul and Jang, Insoo and Jung, Woo-Sang and Moon, Sang-Kwan and Cho, Ki-Ho},
doi = {10.1016/j.imr.2020.100480},
issn = {2213-4220 (Print)},
journal = {Integrative medicine research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {100480},
pmid = {32742920},
title = {{Could herbal medicine (Soshihotang) be a new treatment option for COVID-19?: a  narrative review.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Shen2020,
abstract = {Background: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is prevalent around the world. We  aimed to describe epidemiological features and clinical course in Shanghai. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 325 cases admitted at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, between January 20 and February 29, 2020. Results: 47.4{\%} (154/325) had visited Wuhan within 2 weeks of illness onset. 57.2{\%} occurred in 67 clusters; 40{\%} were situated within 53 family clusters. 83.7{\%} developed fever during the disease course. Median times from onset to first medical care, hospitalization and negative detection of nucleic acid by nasopharyngeal swab were 1, 4 and 8 days. Patients with mild disease using glucocorticoid tended to have longer viral shedding in blood and feces. At admission, 69.8{\%} presented with lymphopenia and 38.8{\%} had elevated D-dimers. Pneumonia was identified in 97.5{\%} (314/322) of cases by chest CT scan. Severe-critical patients were 8{\%} with a median time from onset to critical disease of 10.5 days. Half required oxygen therapy and 7.1{\%} high-flow nasal oxygen. The case fatality rate was 0.92{\%} with median time from onset to death of 16 days. Conclusion: COVID-19 cases in Shanghai were imported. Rapid identification, and effective control measures helped to contain the outbreak and prevent community transmission.},
author = {Shen, Yinzhong and Zheng, Fang and Sun, Danfeng and Ling, Yun and Chen, Jun and Li, Feng and Li, Tao and Qian, Zhiping and Zhang, Yuyi and Xu, Qingnian and Liu, Li and Huang, Qin and Shan, Fei and Xu, Lie and Wu, Jun and Zhu, Zhaoqin and Song, Zhigang and Li, Shenyang and Shi, Yuxin and Zhang, Jianliang and Wu, Xueyun and Mendelsohn, Joshua B and Zhu, Tongyu and Lu, Hongzhou},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1787103},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,China,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Health Status Indicators,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Retrospective Studies,Time Factors,Treatment Outcome,Virus Shedding,Young Adult,complications,diagnosis,epidemiology,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1537--1545},
pmid = {32573353},
title = {{Epidemiology and clinical course of COVID-19 in Shanghai, China.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Meftahi2020,
abstract = {PURPOSE: Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an acute respiratory distress  syndrome (ARDS), which is emerged in Wuhan, and recently become worldwide pandemic. Strangely, ample evidences have been shown that the severity of COVID-19 infections varies widely from children (asymptomatic), adults (mild infection), as well as elderly adults (deadly critical). It has proven that COVID-19 infection in some elderly critical adults leads to a cytokine storm, which is characterized by severe systemic elevation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, a cytokine storm can induce edematous, ARDS, pneumonia, as well as multiple organ failure in aged patients. It is far from clear till now why cytokine storm induces in only COVID-19 elderly patients, and not in young patients. However, it seems that aging is associated with mild elevated levels of local and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is characterized by "inflamm-aging". It is highly likely that "inflamm-aging" is correlated to increased risk of a cytokine storm in some critical elderly patients with COVID-19 infection. METHODS: A systematic search in the literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, as well as Google Scholar pre-print database using all available MeSH terms for COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, senescent cell, cytokine storm, inflame-aging, ACE2 receptor, autophagy, and Vitamin D. Electronic database searches combined and duplicates were removed. RESULTS: The aim of the present review was to summarize experimental data and clinical observations that linked the pathophysiology mechanisms of "inflamm-aging", mild-grade inflammation, and cytokine storm in some elderly adults with severe COVID-19 infection.},
author = {Meftahi, Gholam Hossein and Jangravi, Zohreh and Sahraei, Hedayat and Bahari, Zahra},
doi = {10.1007/s00011-020-01372-8},
issn = {1420-908X (Electronic)},
journal = {Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society  ... [et al.]},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {825--839},
pmid = {32529477},
title = {{The possible pathophysiology mechanism of cytokine storm in elderly adults with  COVID-19 infection: the contribution of "inflame-aging".}},
volume = {69},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Iscaife2020,
author = {Iscaife, Alexandre and Marchini, Giovanni S and Srougi, Victor and Torricelli, Fabio C M and Danilovic, Alexandre and Vicentini, Fabio C and Machado, Marcos and Hisano, Marcelo and Tiseo, Bruno C and Bissoli, J{\'{u}}lio C and Cocuzza, Marcello and Hallak, Jorge and Srougi, Miguel and Nahas, William C},
booktitle = {International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology},
doi = {10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.0316},
issn = {1677-6119 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Physician's Role,Pneumonia, Viral,Urologists,Urology,epidemiology,organization {\&} administration},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {879--882},
pmid = {32459458},
title = {{The urologist's role in the fight of COVID-19 pandemic: mandatory mindset shift on  the frontline.}},
volume = {46},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Vora2020,
author = {Vora, Kranti Suresh and Saiyed, Shahin and Natesan, Senthilkumar},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1785378},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Abortion, Induced,Betacoronavirus,Contraception,Coronavirus Infections,Family Planning Services,Humans,India,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,epidemiology,organization {\&} administration,statistics {\&} numerical data},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1785378},
pmid = {32552622},
title = {{Impact of COVID-19 on family planning services in India.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ali2020a,
abstract = {We formulate a deterministic epidemic model for the spread of Corona Virus Disease  (COVID-19). We have included asymptomatic, quarantine and isolation compartments in the model, as studies have stressed upon the importance of these population groups on the transmission of the disease. We calculate the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] and show that for [Formula: see text] the disease dies out and for [Formula: see text] the disease is endemic. Using sensitivity analysis we establish that [Formula: see text] is most sensitive to the rate of quarantine and isolation and that a high level of quarantine needs to be maintained as well as isolation to control the disease. Based on this we devise optimal quarantine and isolation strategies, noting that high levels need to be maintained during the early stages of the outbreak. Using data from the Wuhan outbreak, which has nearly run its course we estimate that [Formula: see text] which while in agreement with other estimates in the literature is on the lower side.},
author = {Ali, Mohsin and Shah, Syed Touqeer H and Imran, Mudassar and Khan, Adnan},
doi = {10.1080/17513758.2020.1773000},
issn = {1751-3766 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of biological dynamics},
keywords = {Asymptomatic Infections,Basic Reproduction Number,Betacoronavirus,Computer Simulation,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Models, Biological,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Quarantine,Uncertainty,epidemiology,physiology,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {389--408},
pmid = {32498655},
title = {{The role of asymptomatic class, quarantine and isolation in the transmission of  COVID-19.}},
volume = {14},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Donmez2020,
abstract = {SUMMARY: iBioProVis is an interactive tool for visual analysis of the compound  bioactivity space in the context of target proteins, drugs and drug candidate compounds. iBioProVis tool takes target protein identifiers and, optionally, compound SMILES as input, and uses the state-of-the-art non-linear dimensionality reduction method t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to plot the distribution of compounds embedded in a 2D map, based on the similarity of structural properties of compounds and in the context of compounds' cognate targets. Similar compounds, which are embedded to proximate points on the 2D map, may bind the same or similar target proteins. Thus, iBioProVis can be used to easily observe the structural distribution of one or two target proteins' known ligands on the 2D compound space, and to infer new binders to the same protein, or to infer new potential target(s) for a compound of interest, based on this distribution. Principal component analysis (PCA) projection of the input compounds is also provided, Hence the user can interactively observe the same compound or a group of selected compounds which is projected by both PCA and embedded by t-SNE. iBioProVis also provides detailed information about drugs and drug candidate compounds through cross-references to widely used and well-known databases, in the form of linked table views. Two use-case studies were demonstrated, one being on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein which is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein receptor. ACE2 binding compounds and seven antiviral drugs were closely embedded in which two of them have been under clinical trial for Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: iBioProVis and its carefully filtered dataset are available at https://ibpv.kansil.org/ for public use. CONTACT: vatalay@metu.edu.tr. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.},
author = {Donmez, Ataberk and Rifaioglu, Ahmet Sureyya and Acar, Aybar and Doğan, Tunca and Cetin-Atalay, Rengul and Atalay, Volkan},
doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa496},
issn = {1367-4811 (Electronic)},
journal = {Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {14},
pages = {4227--4230},
pmid = {32407491},
title = {{iBioProVis: interactive visualization and analysis of compound bioactivity space.}},
volume = {36},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Koczkodaj2020,
abstract = {We forecast 1,000,000 COVID-19 cases outside of China by March 31st, 2020 based on a  heuristic and WHO situation reports. We do not model the COVID-19 pandemic; we model only the number of cases. The proposed heuristic is based on a simple observation that the plot of the given data is well approximated by an exponential curve. The exponential curve is used for forecasting the growth of new cases. It has been tested for the last situation report of the last day. Its accuracy has been 1.29{\%} for the last day added and predicted by the 57 previous WHO situation reports (the date 18 March 2020). Prediction, forecast, pandemic, COVID-19, coronavirus, exponential growth curve parameter, heuristic, epidemiology, extrapolation, abductive reasoning, WHO situation report.},
author = {Koczkodaj, W W and Mansournia, M A and Pedrycz, W and Wolny-Dominiak, A and Zabrodskii, P F and Strza{\l}ka, D and Armstrong, T and Zolfaghari, A H and D{\c{e}}bski, M and Mazurek, J},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100023},
issn = {2590-1133 (Electronic)},
journal = {Global epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
pages = {100023},
pmid = {32292911},
title = {{1,000,000 cases of COVID-19 outside of China: The date predicted by a simple  heuristic.}},
volume = {2},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ren2020,
abstract = {ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely  used as an approach worldwide. Chinese Medicines (CMs) had been used to treat and prevent viral infection pneumonia diseases for thousands of years and had accumulated a large number of clinical experiences and effective prescriptions. AIM OF THE STUDY: This research aimed to systematically excavate the classical prescriptions of Chinese Medicine (CM), which have been used to prevent and treat Pestilence (Wenbing, Wenyi, Shiyi or Yibing) for long history in China, to obtain the potential prescriptions and ingredients to alternatively treat COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed the screening system based on data mining, molecular docking and network pharmacology. Data mining and association network were used to mine the high-frequency herbs and formulas from ancient prescriptions. Virtual screening for the effective components of high frequency CMs and compatibility Chinese Medicine was explored by a molecular docking approach. Furthermore, network pharmacology method was used to preliminarily uncover the molecule mechanism. RESULTS: 574 prescriptions were obtained from 96,606 classical prescriptions with the key words to treat "Warm diseases (Wenbing)", "Pestilence (Wenyi or Yibing)" or "Epidemic diseases (Shiyi)". Meanwhile, 40 kinds of CMs, 36 CMs-pairs, 6 triple-CMs-groups existed with high frequency among the 574 prescriptions. Additionally, the key targets of SARS-COV-2, namely 3CL hydrolase (Mpro) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2), were used to dock the main ingredients from the 40 kinds by the LigandFitDock method. A total of 66 compounds components with higher frequency were docked with the COVID-19 targets, which were distributed in 26 kinds of CMs, among which Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma), HuangQin (Scutellariae Radix), Dahuang (Rhei Radix Et Rhizome) and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) contain more potential compounds. Network pharmacology results showed that Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma) and HuangQin (Scutellariae Radix) CMs-pairs could also interact with the targets involving in immune and inflammation diseases. CONCLUSIONS: These results we obtained probably provided potential candidate CMs formulas or active ingredients to overcome COVID-19. Prospectively, animal experiment and rigorous clinic studies are needed to confirm the potential preventive and treat effect of these CMs and compounds.},
author = {Ren, Xia and Shao, Xin-Xin and Li, Xiu-Xue and Jia, Xin-Hua and Song, Tao and Zhou, Wu-Yi and Wang, Peng and Li, Yang and Wang, Xiao-Long and Cui, Qing-Hua and Qiu, Pei-Ju and Zhao, Yan-Gang and Li, Xue-Bo and Zhang, Feng-Cong and Li, Zhen-Yang and Zhong, Yue and Wang, Zhen-Guo and Fu, Xian-Jun},
doi = {10.1016/j.jep.2020.112932},
issn = {1872-7573 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of ethnopharmacology},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Data Mining,Drugs, Chinese Herbal,Humans,Medicine, Chinese Traditional,Models, Molecular,Pandemics,Plant Extracts,Pneumonia, Viral,Protein Conformation,Viral Proteins,drug effects,drug therapy,pharmacology,therapeutic use,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {112932},
pmid = {32376368},
title = {{Identifying potential treatments of COVID-19 from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)  by using a data-driven approach.}},
volume = {258},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Church2020,
author = {Church, Kathryn and Gassner, Jennifer and Elliott, Megan},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1773163},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Contraception,Coronavirus Infections,Family Planning Services,Female,Global Health,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Pregnancy,Pregnancy, Unwanted,Reproductive Health,epidemiology,trends},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1--3},
pmid = {32441213},
title = {{Reproductive health under COVID-19 - challenges of responding in a global crisis.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Parrotta2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To report outcomes on patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and related  disorders with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. METHODS: From March 16 to April 30, 2020, patients with MS or related disorders at NYU Langone MS Comprehensive Care Center were identified with laboratory-confirmed or suspected COVID-19. The diagnosis was established using a standardized questionnaire or by review of in-patient hospital records. RESULTS: We identified 76 patients (55 with relapsing MS, of which 9 had pediatric onset; 17 with progressive MS; and 4 with related disorders). Thirty-seven underwent PCR testing and were confirmed positive. Of the entire group, 64 (84{\%}) patients were on disease-modifying therapy (DMT) including anti-CD20 therapies (n = 34, 44.7{\%}) and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators (n = 10, 13.5{\%}). The most common COVID-19 symptoms were fever and cough, but 21.1{\%} of patients had neurologic symptom recrudescence preceding or coinciding with the infection. A total of 18 (23.7{\%}) were hospitalized; 8 (10.5{\%}) had COVID-19 critical illness or related death. Features more common among those hospitalized or with critical illness or death were older age, presence of comorbidities, progressive disease, and a nonambulatory status. No DMT class was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization or fatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with MS with COVID-19 do not require hospitalization despite being on DMTs. Factors associated with critical illness were similar to the general at-risk patient population. DMT use did not emerge as a predictor of poor COVID-19 outcome in this preliminary sample.},
author = {Parrotta, Erica and Kister, Ilya and Charvet, Leigh and Sammarco, Carrie and Saha, Valerie and Charlson, Robert Erik and Howard, Jonathan and Gutman, Josef Maxwell and Gottesman, Malcolm and Abou-Fayssal, Nada and Wolintz, Robyn and Keilson, Marshall and Fernandez-Carbonell, Cristina and Krupp, Lauren B and {Zhovtis Ryerson}, Lana},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000835},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Hospitalization,Humans,Hydroxychloroquine,Male,Middle Aged,Multiple Sclerosis,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk Factors,Time Factors,Young Adult,adverse effects,complications,drug effects,drug therapy,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32646885},
title = {{COVID-19 outcomes in MS: Observational study of early experience from NYU Multiple  Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Singhal2020,
abstract = {COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus and has played havoc on many countries  across the globe. A majority of the world population is now living in a restricted environment for more than a month with minimal economic activities, to prevent exposure to this highly infectious disease. Medical professionals are going through a stressful period while trying to save the larger population. In this paper, we develop two different models to capture the trend of a number of cases and also predict the cases in the days to come, so that appropriate preparations can be made to fight this disease. The first one is a mathematical model accounting for various parameters relating to the spread of the virus, while the second one is a non-parametric model based on the Fourier decomposition method (FDM), fitted on the available data. The study is performed for various countries, but detailed results are provided for the India, Italy, and United States of America (USA). The turnaround dates for the trend of infected cases are estimated. The end-dates are also predicted and are found to agree well with a very popular study based on the classic susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. Worldwide, the total number of expected cases and deaths are 12.7 × 10(6) and 5.27 × 10(5), respectively, predicted with data as of 06-06-2020 and 95{\%} confidence intervals. The proposed study produces promising results with the potential to serve as a good complement to existing methods for continuous predictive monitoring of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
author = {Singhal, Amit and Singh, Pushpendra and Lall, Brejesh and Joshi, Shiv Dutt},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110023},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {110023},
pmid = {32565627},
title = {{Modeling and prediction of COVID-19 pandemic using Gaussian mixture model.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bambi2020,
author = {Bambi, Stefano and Iozzo, Pasquale and Rasero, Laura and Lucchini, Alberto},
doi = {10.1097/DCC.0000000000000438},
issn = {1538-8646 (Electronic)},
journal = {Dimensions of critical care nursing : DCCN},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {239--241},
pmid = {32740193},
title = {{COVID-19 in Critical Care Units: Rethinking the Humanization of Nursing Care.}},
volume = {39},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kortum2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe user-centered voting systems that would support the safe  conduct of voting in a pandemic environment. BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has complicated our democratic processes. Voters and poll workers feel threatened by the potential dangers of voting in business-as-usual polling stations. Indeed, significant problems were encountered in the recent 2020 primary elections in Wisconsin, where the National Guard had to be mobilized because so few poll workers reported to work, and more than 90{\%} of polling places had to remain closed. METHOD: We describe a number of possible user-centered solutions that would help protect voters and poll workers in times of pandemic, and also report the results of a survey that asked voters and poll workers about what kinds of systems might make them willing to vote. RESULTS: Political as well as safety considerations will need to be considered as these safer voting solutions are designed since, surprisingly, the kinds of solutions preferred depend on the political affiliation of the voters. CONCLUSION: Human factors professionals have a large role to play in realizing the safe, successful implementation of these user-centered systems. Good human factors analysis can help minimize the risk to voters and poll workers. Moreover, human factors methods can help safeguard democracy by creating safe and well-engineered environments that are conducive to voting in the age of pandemics. APPLICATION: Creating safe and effective voting solutions that protect voters and poll workers during pandemic outbreaks is crucial to the preservation of democracy.},
author = {Kortum, Philip and Stein, Robert and Acemyan, Claudia Ziegler and Wallach, Dan S and Vann, Elizabeth},
doi = {10.1177/0018720820946896},
issn = {1547-8181 (Electronic)},
journal = {Human factors},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {18720820946896},
pmid = {32741224},
title = {{How Human Factors Can Help Preserve Democracy in the Age of Pandemics.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Salgotra2020,
abstract = {COVID-19 declared as a global pandemic by WHO, has emerged as the most aggressive  disease, impacting more than 90{\%} countries of the world. The virus started from a single human being in China, is now increasing globally at a rate of 3{\%} to 5{\%} daily and has become a never ending process. Some studies even predict that the virus will stay with us forever. India being the second most populous country of the world, is also not saved, and the virus is spreading as a community level transmitter. Therefore, it become really important to analyse the possible impact of COVID-19 in India and forecast how it will behave in the days to come. In present work, prediction models based on genetic programming (GP) have been developed for confirmed cases (CC) and death cases (DC) across three most affected states namely Maharashtra, Gujarat and Delhi as well as whole India. The proposed prediction models are presented using explicit formula, and impotence of prediction variables are studied. Here, statistical parameters and metrics have been used for evaluated and validate the evolved models. From the results, it has been found that the proposed GEP-based models use simple linkage functions and are highly reliable for time series prediction of COVID-19 cases in India.},
author = {Salgotra, Rohit and Gandomi, Mostafa and Gandomi, Amir H},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109945},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109945},
pmid = {32508399},
title = {{Time Series Analysis and Forecast of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India using Genetic  Programming.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Duron2020,
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Assimilating and disseminating information during the novel  coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been challenging. The purpose of this review is to identify specific threats to the validity of the COVID-19 literature and to recommend resources for practicing rheumatologists and their patients. RECENT FINDINGS: The COVID-19 literature has rapidly expanded and includes 17 998 publications through May of 2020, 1543 of which also address rheumatic disease-related topics. Specific obstacles to acquiring high-quality information have arisen, including 'pandemic research exceptionalism' and a 'parallel pandemic' of misinformation. Unique challenges to rheumatologists include specific interest in antirheumatic disease therapies and a paucity of rheumatology-specific information. Patients with rheumatic diseases have faced shortages of critical medications and a lack of information tailored to their health conditions and medications. SUMMARY: We recommend rheumatologists develop a system to acquire high-quality information and offer guiding principles for triaging specific resources, which include relevance, accessibility, credibility, timeliness, and trustworthiness. The same principles can be applied to selecting patient oriented resources. Specific trustworthy resources are recommended.},
author = {Duron, Garret and Gelman, Lauren and Dua, Anisha and Putman, Michael},
doi = {10.1097/BOR.0000000000000724},
issn = {1531-6963 (Electronic)},
journal = {Current opinion in rheumatology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {441--448},
pmid = {32675716},
title = {{Tracking clinical resources for coronavirus disease 2019.}},
volume = {32},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lewis2020a,
abstract = {We implemented universal SARS-CoV-2 testing of patients undergoing surgical  procedures as a means to conserve personal protective equipment (PPE). The rate of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was {\textless}0.5{\%}, and suggests that early local public health interventions were successful. While our protocol was resource-intensive, it prevented exposures to healthcare team members.},
author = {Lewis, Sarah S and Smith, Becky and Akinboyo, Ibukunoluwa C and Seidelman, Jessica and Wolfe, Cameron and Kirk, Allan B and Martin, Gavin and Denny, Thomas and Lobaugh, Bruce and Rehder, Catherine and Cardona, Diana and Lee, Mark J and Polage, Christopher R and Datto, Michael B},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2020.398},
issn = {1559-6834 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--9},
pmid = {32741409},
title = {{Early Experience with Universal Pre-procedural Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in a  Relatively Low-Prevalence Area.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chiarini2020,
abstract = {A multiple sclerosis patient infected by SARS-CoV-2 during fingolimod therapy was  hospitalized with moderate clinical features, and recovered in 15 days. High levels of CCL5 and CCL10 chemokines and of antibody-secreting B cells were detected, while the levels other B- and T-cell subsets were comparable to that of appropriate controls. However, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were oligoclonally expanded and prone to apoptosis when stimulated in vitro. This study suggests that fingolimod-immunosuppressed patients, despite the low circulating lymphocytes, may rapidly expand antibody-secreting cells and mount an effective immune response that favors COVID-19 recovery after drug discontinuation.},
author = {Chiarini, Marco and Paghera, Simone and Moratto, Daniele and Rossi, Nicola De and Giacomelli, Mauro and Badolato, Raffaele and Capra, Ruggero and Imberti, Luisa},
doi = {10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577282},
issn = {1872-8421 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of neuroimmunology},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Fingolimod Hydrochloride,Humans,Immunocompromised Host,Immunosuppressive Agents,Middle Aged,Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,complications,drug therapy,immunology,therapeutic use,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {577282},
pmid = {32505908},
title = {{Immunologic characterization of a immunosuppressed multiple sclerosis patient that  recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection.}},
volume = {345},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lemke2020,
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: U.S. commercial drivers are entrenched in a stressogenic profession,  and exposures to endemic chronic stressors shape drivers' behavioral and psychosocial responses and induce profound health and safety disparities. To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting afflictions. METHODS: Extant literature reveals how an array of macro-level changes has shaped downstream trucking industry policies, resulting in stressogenic work organization and workplace characteristics. Emerging evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates existing stressors and introduces novel stressors, with potentially exacerbatory impacts on health and safety disparities. RESULTS: As COVID-19 exerts an array of multi-level stressors on commercial drivers, syndemic frameworks can provide the appropriate theoretical lens to guide research and prevention. Syndemic frameworks can provide the grounding to allow foregoing commercial driver COVID-19 research to transcend the limitations of prevailing research frameworks by contextualizing COVID-19 stressors holistically within the complex system of endemic chronic stressors and interrelated health and safety afflictions. Syndemic-informed prevention efforts can then be implemented that simultaneously tackle multiple afflictions and the macro-level forces that result in the emergence of commercial drivers' health and safety disparities over time. CONCLUSIONS: The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial drivers cannot be adequately understood or acted upon in isolation from the endemic chronic stressors and interrelated health and safety disparities that characterize the profession. Instead, commercial driver COVID-19 research and prevention needs syndemic frameworks to holistically understand the impacts of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety, and to identify high-leverage preventive actions.},
author = {Lemke, Michael Kenneth and Apostolopoulos, Yorghos and S{\"{o}}nmez, Sevil},
doi = {10.1016/j.jth.2020.100877},
issn = {2214-1405 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of transport {\&} health},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100877},
pmid = {32501420},
title = {{Syndemic frameworks to understand the effects of COVID-19 on commercial driver  stress, health, and safety.}},
volume = {18},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Abdelmaksoud2020,
author = {Abdelmaksoud, Ayman and Goldust, Mohamad and Vestita, Michelangelo},
booktitle = {Dermatologic therapy},
doi = {10.1111/dth.14120},
issn = {1529-8019 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32741063},
title = {{Comment on "Cutaneous Manifestations of Covid 19: A Case Report & a new finding from  Egypt".}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zhu2020,
abstract = {Objective: To investigate the causes of death in patients with severe COVID-19.  Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 64 patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital from January 12, 2020 to February 28, 2020. There were 36 males and 28 females, aging from 44 to 85 years[median 68 (62, 72)]. Fifty-two patients (81{\%}) had underlying comorbidities. The patients were divided into the death group (n=40) and the survival group (n=24) according to the treatment outcomes. In the death group, 24 were male, and 16 were female, aging from 49 to 85 years [median 69 (62, 72)], with 31 cases (78{\%}) complicated with underlying diseases. In the survival group, there were 12 males and 12 females, aging from 44 to 82 years[median 66 (61,73)], with 21 cases (88{\%}) with comorbidities. Clinical data of the two groups were collected and compared, including general information, laboratory examinations, imaging features and treatments. For normally distributed data, independent group t test was used; otherwise, Mann Whitney test was used to compare the variables. $\chi$(2) test and Fisher exact test was used when analyzing categorical variables. Results: The median of creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB) in the death group was 19.0 (17.0,23.0) U/L, which was higher than that in the survival group 16.5 (13.5,19.6) U/L. The median level of cTnI in the death group was 0.03 (0.03, 0.07) $\mu$g/L, which was significantly higher than that in the survival group (0.02, 0.03) $\mu$g/L, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.007). The concentration of myoglobin in the death group was 79.5 (28.7, 189.0) $\mu$g/L, which was higher than 33.1 (25.7, 54.5) $\mu$g/L in the survival group. The level of D-dimer in the death group was 2.0 (0.6, 5.2) mg/L, which was higher than 0.7 (0.4, 2.0) mg/L in the survival group. The LDH level of the death group was 465.0 (337.5,606.5) U/L, which was higher than that of the survibal group, 341.0 (284.0,430.0) U/L, the difference being statistically significant (P=0.006). The concentration of alanine aminotransferase in the death group was 40.0 (30.0, 48.0) U/L, which was higher than 32.5 (24.0, 40.8) U/L in the survival group, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.047).Abnormal ECG was found in 16 cases (62{\%}) in the death group, which was significantly higher than that in the survival group (29{\%}), the difference being statistically significant (P=0.024) .The main causes of death were severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, n=20), acute heart failure(n=9), atrial fibrillation(n=3) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS, n=3). Conclusions: ARDS caused by severe pneumonia and acute heart failure and atrial fibrillation caused by acute viral myocarditis were the main causes of death in severe COVID-19 patients. Early prevention of myocardial injury and treatment of acute viral myocarditis complicated with disease progression may provide insights into treatment and reduction of mortality in patients with severe COVID-19.},
author = {Zhu, Q and Zhang, W and Wang, Q and Liu, J H and Wu, C H and Luo, T and Peng, P},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200308-00275},
issn = {1001-0939 (Print)},
journal = {Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of  tuberculosis and respiratory diseases},
language = {chi},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {659--664},
pmid = {32727177},
title = {{[Clinical characteristics and outcome of 64 patients with severe COVID-19].}},
volume = {43},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Youssef2020,
abstract = {COVID-19 has placed an increased burden on the NHS. Changes were made to expand  patient capacity including hospital restructuring, cancellation of most elective surgeries and early graduation of final year medical students. (1) The UK foundation programme (UKFP) curated a new training position for graduates as foundation interim year 1 (FiY1) doctors, where they voluntarily work in paid positions prior to entering formal foundation year 1 (FY1) roles. (2) Expediting the process of fulfilling these positions, the General Medical Council facilitated early provisional registration of doctors. We discuss the positives, pitfalls, and perils of the new roles and the first impressions of three newly qualified FiY1 s in medical, obstetrics and gynaecology and surgical posts, a surgical FY1 doctor and a clinical supervisor in surgery.},
author = {Youssef, Sofian and Zaidi, Syed and Shrestha, Sandesh and Varghese, Christy and Rajagopalan, Sriram},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1785116},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
journal = {Medical education online},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Education, Medical,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,State Medicine,United Kingdom,epidemiology,organization {\&} administration},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1785116},
pmid = {32584167},
title = {{First impressions of the foundation interim year 1 postings: positives, pitfalls,  and perils.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ceylan2020,
abstract = {At the end of December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan  city, China. As of April 15, 2020, {\textgreater}1.9 million COVID-19 cases were confirmed worldwide, including {\textgreater}120,000 deaths. There is an urgent need to monitor and predict COVID-19 prevalence to control this spread more effectively. Time series models are significant in predicting the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and taking the necessary measures to respond to this crisis. In this study, Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were developed to predict the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 prevalence of Italy, Spain, and France, the most affected countries of Europe. The prevalence data of COVID-19 from 21 February 2020 to 15 April 2020 were collected from the World Health Organization website. Several ARIMA models were formulated with different ARIMA parameters. ARIMA (0,2,1), ARIMA (1,2,0), and ARIMA (0,2,1) models with the lowest MAPE values (4.7520, 5.8486, and 5.6335) were selected as the best models for Italy, Spain, and France, respectively. This study shows that ARIMA models are suitable for predicting the prevalence of COVID-19 in the future. The results of the analysis can shed light on understanding the trends of the outbreak and give an idea of the epidemiological stage of these regions. Besides, the prediction of COVID-19 prevalence trends of Italy, Spain, and France can help take precautions and policy formulation for this epidemic in other countries.},
author = {Ceylan, Zeynep},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138817},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,France,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prevalence,Spain,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138817},
pmid = {32360907},
title = {{Estimation of COVID-19 prevalence in Italy, Spain, and France.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Fullana2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown might increase anxiety and depressive  symptoms, but some behaviors may protect against them. METHOD: To provide a preliminary evidence of the behaviors associated with decreased symptoms in the current COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, we conducted a survey of 5545 adult individuals from the Spanish general population, two weeks after an official lockdown was established across the country. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of the sample reported anxiety or depressive symptoms. Following a healthy/balanced diet and not reading news/updates about COVID-19 very often were the best predictors of lower levels of anxiety symptoms. Following a healthy/balanced diet, following a routine, not reading news/updates about COVID-19 very often, taking the opportunity to pursue hobbies, and staying outdoors or looking outside were the best predictors of lower levels of depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional nature and use of sample of convenience. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that "simple" coping behaviors may protect against anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown.},
author = {Fullana, Miquel A and Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego and Vieta, Eduard and Radua, Joaquim},
booktitle = {Journal of affective disorders},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.027},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {80--81},
pmid = {32658829},
title = {{Coping behaviors associated with decreased anxiety and depressive symptoms during  the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Shahzad2020,
abstract = {The present study examines the asymmetrical effect of temperature on COVID-19  (Coronavirus Disease) from 22 January 2020 to 31 March 2020 in the 10 most affected provinces in China. This study used the Sim {\&} Zhou' quantile-on-quantile (QQ) approach to analyze how the temperature quantities affect the different quantiles of COVID-19. Daily COVID-19 and, temperature data collected from the official websites of the Chinese National Health Commission and Weather Underground Company (WUC) respectively. Empirical results have shown that the relationship between temperature and COVID-19 is mostly positive for Hubei, Hunan, and Anhui, while mostly negative for Zhejiang and Shandong provinces. The remaining five provinces Guangdong, Henan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, and Heilongjiang are showing the mixed trends. These differences among the provinces can be explained by the differences in the number of COVID-19 cases, temperature, and the province's overall hospital facilitations. The study concludes that maintaining a safe and comfortable atmosphere for patients while COVID-19 is being treated may be rational.},
author = {Shahzad, Farrukh and Shahzad, Umer and Fareed, Zeeshan and Iqbal, Najaf and Hashmi, Shujahat Haider and Ahmad, Fayyaz},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139115},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Temperature,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139115},
pmid = {32470687},
title = {{Asymmetric nexus between temperature and COVID-19 in the top ten affected provinces  of China: A current application of quantile-on-quantile approach.}},
volume = {736},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yin2020,
abstract = {The emerging global infectious COVID-19 disease by novel Severe Acute Respiratory  Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents critical threats to global public health and the economy since it was identified in late December 2019 in China. The virus has gone through various pathways of evolution. To understand the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, genotyping of virus isolates is of great importance. This study presents an accurate method for effectively genotyping SARS-CoV-2 viruses using complete genomes. The method employs the multiple sequence alignments of the genome isolates with the SARS-CoV-2 reference genome. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes are then measured by Jaccard distances to track the relationship of virus isolates. The genotyping analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the globe reveals that specific multiple mutations are the predominated mutation type during the current epidemic. The proposed method serves an effective tool for monitoring and tracking the epidemic of pathogenic viruses in their global and local genetic variations. The genotyping analysis shows that the genes encoding the S proteins and RNA polymerase, RNA primase, and nucleoprotein, undergo frequent mutations. These mutations are critical for vaccine development in disease control.},
author = {Yin, Changchuan},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.04.016},
issn = {1089-8646 (Electronic)},
journal = {Genomics},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Evolution, Molecular,Genome, Viral,Genomics,Genotyping Techniques,Humans,Mutation,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide,Sequence Alignment,genetics,methods},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {3588--3596},
pmid = {32353474},
title = {{Genotyping coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: methods and implications.}},
volume = {112},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sung2020a,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The fatality rate of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)  varies among countries owing to demographics, patient comorbidities, surge capacity of healthcare systems, and the quality of medical care. We assessed the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 during the first wave of the epidemic in Korea. METHODS: Using a modified World Health Organization clinical record form, we obtained clinical data for 3,060 patients with COVID-19 treated at 55 hospitals in Korea. Disease severity scores were defined as: 1) no limitation of daily activities; 2) limitation of daily activities but no need for supplemental oxygen; 3) supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula; 4) supplemental oxygen via facial mask; 5) non-invasive mechanical ventilation; 6) invasive mechanical ventilation; 7) multi-organ failure or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy; and 8) death. Recovery was defined as a severity score of 1 or 2, or discharge and release from isolation. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 43 years of age; 43.6{\%} were male. The median time from illness onset to admission was 5 days. Of the patients with a disease severity score of 3-4 on admission, 65 (71.5{\%}) of the 91 patients recovered, and 7 (7.7{\%}) died due to illness by day 28. Of the patients with disease severity scores of 5-7, 7 (19.5{\%}) of the 36 patients recovered, and 8 (22.2{\%}) died due to illness by day 28. None of the 1,324 patients who were {\textless} 50 years of age died; in contrast, the fatality rate due to illness by day 28 was 0.5{\%} (2/375), 0.9{\%} (2/215), 5.8{\%} (6/104), and 14.0{\%} (7/50) for the patients aged 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥ 80 years of age, respectively. CONCLUSION: In Korea, almost all patients of {\textless} 50 years of age with COVID-19 recovered without supplemental oxygen. In patients of ≥ 50 years of age, the fatality rate increased with age, reaching 14{\%} in patients of ≥ 80 years of age.},
author = {Sung, Ho Kyung and Kim, Jin Yong and Heo, Jeonghun and Seo, Haesook and Jang, Young Soo and Kim, Hyewon and Koh, Bo Ram and Jo, Neungsun and Oh, Hong Sang and Baek, Young Mi and Park, Kyung Hwa and Shon, Jeung A and Kim, Min Chul and Kim, Joon Ho and Chang, Hyun Ha and Park, Yukyung and Kang, Yu Min and Lee, Dong Hyun and Oh, Dong Hyun and Park, Hyun Jung and Song, Kyoung Ho and Lee, Eun Kyoung and Jeong, Hyeongseok and Lee, Ji Yeon and Ko, Ja Young and Choi, Jihee and Ryu, Eun Hwa and Chung, Ki Hyun and Oh, Myoung Don},
doi = {10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e280},
institution = {Korea National Committee for Clinical Management of COVID-19},
issn = {1598-6357 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of Korean medical science},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {30},
pages = {e280},
pmid = {32743995},
title = {{Clinical Course and Outcomes of 3,060 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in  Korea, January-May 2020.}},
volume = {35},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lee2020b,
abstract = {Although a viral infection is a major triggering factor of asthma and allergic  diseases, asthma is suggested to be not a predisposing condition for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, patients with severe asthma/allergic disease requiring systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents may be at higher risk of more severe clinical course of this infectious disease. For allergic patients who have been followed up at an allergy clinic in our region, it is recommended that they (patients with asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis or chronic urticaria) continue to receive maintenance therapy and be in a well-controlled status. Patients who have used biologics (currently available for targeting type 2 inflammation) and allergen immunotherapy should continue the treatment while minimizing hospital and face-to-face visits. It is essential to wear protective equipment for the protection of health care workers as well as patients. We report this consensus to support allergists and clinical immunologists to make optimal decisions under the urgent situation in Asia.},
author = {Lee, Jae Hyun and Lee, Youngsoo and Lee, Suh Young and {Van Bever}, Hugo and Lou, Hongfei and Zhang, Luo and Park, Hae Sim},
doi = {10.4168/aair.2020.12.5.783},
issn = {2092-7355 (Print)},
journal = {Allergy, asthma {\&} immunology research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {783--791},
pmid = {32638559},
title = {{Management of Allergic Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia.}},
volume = {12},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Faria2020,
abstract = {COVID-19 is a significant worldwide challenge to many healthcare systems. In Trauma  and Orthopaedics, there has been a significant change in the workload but departments have been compelled to change their practice in order to match the demand, as well as respond to the escalating situation of COVID. Some guidance is available on these changes from bodies such as the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health England and the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA). We have implemented certain changes in our university district general hospital trauma and orthopaedic department with regard to staff roles, outpatient and inpatient care and operative protocols. We aim to present some of these changes and their effects on patient care in an attempt to share these with colleagues who may face similar pressures and make some recommendations to help others prepare for a possible second wave of COVID-19.},
author = {Faria, Giles and Onubogu, Ifeanyi Kem and Tadros, Baha John and Relwani, Jai},
doi = {10.1016/j.jor.2020.06.004},
issn = {0972-978X (Print)},
journal = {Journal of orthopaedics},
language = {eng},
pages = {288--290},
pmid = {32565644},
title = {{Change in practice due to COVID-19 - Early experiences of a United Kingdom district  general hospital in trauma orthopaedics.}},
volume = {22},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Cui2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory  syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This paper aims to examine the CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19. METHODS: We evaluated CT images obtained between 10 January 2019 and 16 February 2020 at Taihe Hospital. Scans were conducted 2-6 times per patient and the re-testing interval was 2-7 days. Ninety-five patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results were included in this study and we retrospectively analysed their CT imaging characteristics. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients underwent 2-3 SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests and received a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19. Fifty-three were male and 42 were female, and their mean age was 42 ± 12 years (range: 10 months to 81 years). Sixty-nine patients (72.6{\%}) experienced fever, fatigue, and dry cough, while 15 (15.8{\%}) had poor appetite and fatigue, and 11 (11.6{\%}) had a dry cough and no fever. On CT imaging, early stage patients (n = 53, 55.8{\%}) showed peripheral subpleural ground-glass opacities; these were mainly local patches (22/53, 41.5{\%}), while some lesions were accompanied by interlobular septal thickening. Thirty-four (35.8{\%}) patients were classified in the 'progression stage' based on CT imaging; these patients typically showed lesions in multiple lung segments and lobes (21/34，61.8{\%}), and an uneven increase in ground-glass opacity density accompanied by consolidation and grid-like or cord-like shadows(30.5{\%}). Two patients (2.1{\%}) showed a severe presentation on CT. These showed diffuse bilateral lung lesions, mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation with cord-like interstitial thickening and air bronchograms, entire lung involvement with a "white lung" presentation, and mild pleural effusion. Six patients in remission (6.3{\%}), visible lesion absorption, fibrotic lesions. Based on clinical signs, 71 (74.7{\%}), 22 (23.2{\%}), and 2 (2.1{\%}) patients had mild or moderate, severe, and critical disease, respectively. Within the follow-up period, 93 patients recovered and were discharged, including the 53 early stage patients and 34 progression stage patients. The length of hospitalisation was 7-28 days (mean: 10 ± 3.5 days). On discharge, lesions were significantly reduced in area and had in many cases completely disappeared, while slight pulmonary fibrosis was present in some patients. One severe stage patient was still hospitalised at the end of the follow-up period and the other severe stage patient died. The overall mortality rate was 1.05{\%}. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the CT imaging characteristics of COVID-19 is important for early lesion detection, determining the nature of lesions, and assessing disease severity.},
author = {Cui, Ning and Zou, Xugong and Xu, Lin},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.042},
issn = {1873-4499 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinical imaging},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Betacoronavirus,Child,Child, Preschool,China,Coronavirus Infections,Cough,Disease Progression,Female,Fever,Humans,Infant,Length of Stay,Lung,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pleural Effusion,Pneumonia, Viral,Pulmonary Fibrosis,Retrospective Studies,Tomography, X-Ray Computed,Young Adult,diagnostic imaging,pathology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {124--132},
pmid = {32464579},
title = {{Preliminary CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Uriel2020,
author = {Uriel, Nir and Sayer, Gabriel and Clerkin, Kevin J},
booktitle = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.045},
issn = {1558-3597 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {5},
pages = {547--549},
pmid = {32731932},
title = {{Myocardial Injury in COVID-19 Patients: The Beginning or the End?}},
volume = {76},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hunter2020a,
abstract = {Healthcare employees were tested for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Among 734  employees, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 1.6{\%}. Employees with heavy COVID-19 exposure had similar antibody prevalence as those with limited or no exposure. Guidelines for PPE use seem effective for preventing COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers.},
author = {Hunter, Benton R and Dbeibo, Lana and Weaver, Christopher and Beeler, Cole and Saysana, Michele and Zimmerman, Michelle and Weaver, Lindsay},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2020.390},
issn = {1559-6834 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--7},
pmid = {32741406},
title = {{Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Healthcare Workers With Differing  Levels of COVID-19 Patient Exposure.}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Shi2020,
author = {Shi, Jiandong and Sun, Jing and Hu, Yunzhang},
booktitle = {Virulence},
doi = {10.1080/21505594.2020.1794410},
issn = {2150-5608 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Feces,Humans,Infection Control,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {941--944},
pmid = {32715925},
title = {{Enteric involvement of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the COVID-19 management,  transmission, and infection control.}},
volume = {11},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chia2020a,
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major healthcare disaster in the modern  times. Healthcare services must adapt to effectively juggle between pandemic management and maintenance of business-as-usual services so that both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients receive appropriate clinical care. We share our experience of significant cardiac rhythm abnormalities seen in COVID-19 patients in Singapore, how the viral pandemic has affected the cardiac electrophysiology and pacing service in a large acute care general hospital and the steps taken to alleviate the negative impact.},
author = {Chia, Pow-Li and Tan, Kenny and Tan, Li Wei and Chin, Pui See and Foo, David},
doi = {10.1007/s10840-020-00782-2},
issn = {1572-8595 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of  arrhythmias and pacing},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {269--272},
pmid = {32458182},
title = {{Rhythm blues in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): how the cardiac  electrophysiologist adapts to a viral pandemic in Singapore.}},
volume = {58},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Requia2020,
abstract = {The spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has challenged governments to  develop public policies to reduce the load of the COVID-19 on health care systems, which is commonly referred to as "flattening the curve". This study aims to address this issue by proposing a spatial multicriteria approach to estimate the risk of the Brazilian health care system, by municipality, to exceed the health care capacity because of an influx of patients infected with the COVID-19. We estimated this risk for 5572 municipalities in Brazil using a combination of a multicriteria decision-making approach with spatial analysis to estimate the exceedance risk, and then, we examined the risk variation by designing 5 control intervention scenarios (3 scenarios representing reduction on social contacts, and 2 scenarios representing investment on health care system). For the baseline scenario using an average infection rate across Brazil, we estimated a mean Hospital Bed Capacity (HBC) value of -16.73, indicating that, on average, the Brazilian municipalities will have a deficit of approximately 17 beds. This deficit is projected to occur in 3338 municipalities with the north and northeast regions being at the greatest risk of exceeding health care capacity due to the COVID-19. The intervention scenarios indicate across all of Brazil that they could address the bed shortage, with an average of available beds between 23 and 32. However, when we consider the shortages at a municipal scale, bed exceedances still occur for at least 2119 municipalities in the most effective intervention scenario. Our findings are essential to identify priority areas, to compare populations, and to provide options for government agencies to act. This study can be used to provide support for the creation of effective health public policies for national, regional, and local intervention.},
author = {Requia, Weeberb J and Kondo, Edson Kenji and Adams, Matthew D and Gold, Diane R and Struchiner, Claudio Jos{\'{e}}},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139144},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Brazil,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Hospital Bed Capacity,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139144},
pmid = {32380368},
title = {{Risk of the Brazilian health care system over 5572 municipalities to exceed health  care capacity due to the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19).}},
volume = {730},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zou2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has brought infectious diseases again to the forefront of  global public health concerns. In this EML webinar (Gao, 2020), we discuss some recent work on simulation-assisted discovery of membrane targeting nanomedicine to counter increasing antimicrobial resistance and potential application of similar ideas to the current pandemic. A recent report led by the world health organization (WHO) warned that 10 million people worldwide could die of bacterial infections each year by 2050. To avert the crisis, membrane targeting antibiotics are drawing increasing attention due to their intrinsic advantage of low resistance development. In collaboration with a number of experimental groups, we show examples of simulation-assisted discovery of molecular agents capable of selectively penetrating and aggregating in bacterial lipid membranes, causing membrane permeability/rupture. Through systematic all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy analysis, we demonstrate that the membrane activity of the molecular agents correlates with their ability to enter, perturb and permeabilize the lipid bilayers. Further study on different cell membranes demonstrates that the selectivity results from the presence of cholesterol in mammalian but not in bacterial membranes, as the cholesterol can condense the hydrophobic region of membrane, preventing the penetration of the molecular agents. Following the molecular penetration, we establish a continuum theory and derive the energetic driving force for the domain aggregation and pore growth on lipid membrane. We show that the energy barrier to membrane pore formation can be significantly lowered through molecular aggregation on a large domain with intrinsic curvature and a sharp interface. The theory is consistent with experimental observations and validated with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of molecular domain aggregation leading to pore formation in a lipid membrane. The mechanistic modelling and simulation provide some fundamental principles on how molecular antimicrobials interact with bacterial membranes and damage them through domain aggregation and pore formation. For treating viral infections and cancer therapy, we discuss potential size- and lipid-type-based selectivity principles for developing membrane active nanomedicine. These studies suggest a general simulation-assisted platform to accelerate discovery and innovation in nanomedicine against infectious diseases. EML Webinar speakers are updated at https://imechanica.org/node/24132.},
author = {Zou, Guijin and Liu, Yue and Gao, Huajian},
doi = {10.1016/j.eml.2020.100817},
issn = {2352-4316 (Print)},
journal = {Extreme Mechanics Letters},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100817},
pmid = {32537481},
title = {{EML webinar overview: Simulation-assisted discovery of membrane targeting  nanomedicine.}},
volume = {39},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Gonzalez-Ciccarelli2020,
abstract = {Oral and maxillofacial surgery in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19,  presents a high risk of exposure and cross contamination to the operative room personnel. We designed, simulated and implemented a continue negative pressure operative field barrier to provide an additional layer of protection, using standard equipment readily available in most operative rooms during oral and maxillofacial procedures.},
author = {Gonzalez-Ciccarelli, Luis F and Nilson, James and Oreadi, Daniel and Fakitsas, Dimitrios and Sekhar, Pavan and Quraishi, Sadeq A},
booktitle = {Oral and maxillofacial surgery cases},
doi = {10.1016/j.omsc.2020.100160},
issn = {2214-5419 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {100160},
pmid = {32509535},
title = {{Reducing transmission of COVID-19 using a continuous negative pressure operative  field barrier during oral maxillofacial surgery.}},
volume = {6},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Canelli2020,
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic resulted in unprecedented numbers of patients  with respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support. The number of patients who required critical care quickly outpaced the availability of intensive care unit (ICU) beds. Consequently, health care systems had to creatively expand critical care services into alternative hospital locations with repurposed staff and equipment. Deploying anesthesia workstations to the ICU to serve as mechanical ventilators requires equipment preparation, multidisciplinary planning, and targeted education. We aim to contextualize this process, highlighting major differences between anesthesia workstations and ICU ventilators, and to share the insights gained from our experiences creating an anesthesia provider-based ventilator management team.},
author = {Canelli, Robert and Spence, Nicole and Kumar, Nisha and Rodriguez, Gerardo and Gonzalez, Mauricio},
doi = {10.1177/0885066620942097},
issn = {1525-1489 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of intensive care medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {927--932},
pmid = {32677498},
title = {{The Ventilator Management Team: Repurposing Anesthesia Workstations and Personnel to  Combat COVID-19.}},
volume = {35},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Diamond2020,
abstract = {The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has long been appreciated as a major regulator of  blood pressure, but has more recently been recognized as a mechanism for modulating inflammation as well. While there has been concern in COVID-19 patients over the use of drugs that target this system, the RAS has not been explored fully as a druggable target. The abbreviated description of the RAS suggests that its dysregulation may be at the center of COVID-19.},
author = {Diamond, Betty},
doi = {10.1084/jem.20201000},
issn = {1540-9538 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Journal of experimental medicine},
keywords = {Angiotensin I,Animals,Blood Coagulation Disorders,Coronavirus Infections,Cytokines,Humans,Hypertension,Lung,Lung Diseases,Obesity,Pandemics,Peptide Fragments,Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A,Pneumonia, Viral,Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1,Severity of Illness Index,etiology,metabolism,physiopathology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pmid = {32556101},
title = {{The renin-angiotensin system: An integrated view of lung disease and coagulopathy in  COVID-19 and therapeutic implications.}},
volume = {217},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Affun-Adegbulu2020,
author = {Affun-Adegbulu, Clara and Sarkar, Nandini D P and Abejirinde, Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade and {Van Belle}, Sara and Adegbulu, Opemiposi},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1790090},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1790090},
pmid = {32662361},
title = {{Health systems recovery from COVID-19: a window of opportunity for (in)fertility  care.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Belancic2020,
abstract = {As we are facing worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, we aimed to identify potential  pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in obesity. Special emphasis will be given on increased susceptibility to infections due to obesity-related low-grade chronic inflammation, higher expression of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 and pathway-associated components, as well as decreased vitamin D bioavailability, since all of them provide easier ways for the virus to enter into host cells, replicate and stunt adequate immune responses.},
author = {Belan{\v{c}}i{\'{c}}, Andrej and Kresovi{\'{c}}, Andrea and Ra{\v{c}}ki, Valentino},
doi = {10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100259},
issn = {2451-8476 (Electronic)},
journal = {Obesity medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100259},
pmid = {32501427},
title = {{Potential pathophysiological mechanisms leading to increased COVID-19 susceptibility  and severity in obesity.}},
volume = {19},
year = {2020}
}
@article{YanezBenitez2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 pandemic has exposed  surgeons to hazardous working conditions, imposing the need for personal protective equipment (PPE) use during surgery. The use of such equipment may affect their non-technical skills, augment fatigue, and affect performance. This study aimed to assess the surgeons' perceptions of the impact of wearing PPE during emergency surgery throughout the pandemic. METHODS: An international cooperation group conducted an anonymous online survey among surgeons from over 30 countries, to assess perceptions about the impact of PPE use on non-technical skills, overall comfort, decision making, and surgical performance during emergency surgery on COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: Responses to the survey (134) were received from surgeons based on 26 countries. The vast majority (72{\%}) were males. More than half of the respondents (54{\%}) felt that their surgical performance was hampered with PPE. Visual impairment was reported by 63{\%}, whereas 54{\%} had communication impediments. Less than half (48{\%}) felt protected with the use of PPE, and the same proportion perceived that the use of such equipment influenced their decision making. Decreased overall comfort was cited by 66{\%}, and 82{\%} experienced increased surgical fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons perceived impediment for both visibility and communication, and other non-technical skills while using PPE on emergency surgery in COVID-19 patients. Their perceived lack of protection and comfort and increased fatigue may have inhibited their optimal surgical performance. More attention should be placed in the design of more user-friendly equipment, given the possibility of a second wave of the pandemic.},
author = {Carlos , Antonio and Aranda, and Ribeiro, Marcelo and Ottolino, Pablo and Di Saverio} Salomone and Alexandrino, Henrique and Ponchietti, Luca and Blas, Juan L and Ramos, Juan Pablo and Rangelova, Elena and  Mercedes, Carlos Sr},
doi = {10.1007/s00268-020-05648-2},
institution = {International Cooperation Group on PPE and Emergency Surgery},
issn = {1432-2323 (Electronic)},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {2842--2847},
pmid = {32564140},
title = {{Impact of Personal Protective Equipment on Surgical Performance During the COVID-19  Pandemic.}},
volume = {44},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ho2020,
abstract = {The objective of this study was to investigate whether cotton mask worn by  respiratory infection person could suppress respiratory droplet levels compared to medical mask. We recruited adult volunteers with confirmed influenza and suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to wear medical masks and self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in a regular bedroom and a car with air conditioning. Four 1-hour repeated measurements (two measurements for bedroom the others for car) of particles with a size range of 20-1000 nm measured by number concentrations (NC(0.02)(-)(1)), temperature and relatively humidity, and cough/sneeze counts per hour were conducted for each volunteer. The paired t-tests were used for within-group comparisons in a bedroom and in a car. The results showed that there was no significant difference in NC(0.02)(-)(1) or cough/sneeze counts between volunteers with medical masks and cotton masks in a bedroom or a car. We concluded that the cotton mask could be a potential substitute for medical mask for respiratory infection person in microenvironment with air conditioning. Healthy people may daily use cotton mask in the community since cotton mask is washable and reusable.},
author = {Ho, Kin-Fai and Lin, Lian-Yu and Weng, Shao-Ping and Chuang, Kai-Jen},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139510},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Adult,Aerosols,Betacoronavirus,Communicable Disease Control,Confined Spaces,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Male,Masks,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,instrumentation,prevention {\&} control},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139510},
pmid = {32480154},
title = {{Medical mask versus cotton mask for preventing respiratory droplet transmission in  micro environments.}},
volume = {735},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Tong2020,
abstract = {For the first time in Homo sapiens history, possibly, most of human activities is  stopped by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nearly eight billion people of this world are facing a great challenge, maybe not "to be or not to be" yet, but unpredictable. What happens to other major pandemics in the past, and how human beings went through these hurdles? The human body is equipped with the immune system that can recognize, respond and fight against pathogens such as viruses. Following the innate response, immune system processes the adaptive response by which each pathogen is encoded and recorded in memory system. The humoral reaction containing cytokines and antibodies is expected to activate when the pathogens come back. Exploiting this nature of body protection, neutralizing antibodies have been investigated. Learning from past, in parallel to SARS-CoV-2, other coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV who caused previous pandemics, are recalled in this review. We here propose insights of origin and characteristics and perspective for the future of antibodies development.},
author = {Tong, Phuoc-Bao-Viet and Lin, Li-Yun and Tran, Tuan Hiep},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117836},
issn = {1879-0631 (Electronic)},
journal = {Life sciences},
keywords = {Antibodies, Neutralizing,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,immunology,prevention {\&} control,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {117836},
pmid = {32450171},
title = {{Coronaviruses pandemics: Can neutralizing antibodies help?}},
volume = {255},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Patek2020,
author = {Patek, Paul and Corcoran, John and Adams, Lauren and Khandhar, Paras},
doi = {10.1177/0009922820920014},
issn = {1938-2707 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinical pediatrics},
keywords = {Anti-Bacterial Agents,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Infant, Newborn,Male,Neutropenia,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Treatment Outcome,complications,drug therapy,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9-10},
pages = {918--920},
pmid = {32292054},
title = {{SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a 2-Week-Old Male With Neutropenia.}},
volume = {59},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zhao2020,
abstract = {COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is globally spreading and the international  cooperation is urgently required in joint prevention and control of the epidemic. Using the Maximum-Hasting (MH) parameter estimation method and the modified Susceptible Exposed Infectious Recovered (SEIR) model, the spread of the epidemic under three intervention scenarios (suppression, mitigation, mildness) is simulated and predicted in South Africa, Egypt, and Algeria, where the epidemic situations are severe. The studies are also conducted in Nigeria, Senegal and Kenya, where the epidemic situations are growing rapidly and the socio-economic are relatively under-developed, resulting in more difficulties in preventing the epidemic. Results indicated that the epidemic can be basically controlled in late April with strict control of scenario one, manifested by the circumstance in the South Africa and Senegal. Under moderate control of scenario two, the number of infected people will increase by 1.43-1.55 times of that in scenario one, the date of the epidemic being controlled will be delayed by about 10 days, and Algeria, Nigeria, and Kenya are in accordance with this situation. In the third scenario of weak control, the epidemic will be controlled by late May, the total number of infected cases will double that in scenario two, and Egypt is in line with this prediction. In the end, a series of epidemic controlling methods are proposed, including patient quarantine, close contact tracing, population movement control, government intervention, city and county epidemic risk level classification, and medical cooperation and the Chinese assistance.},
author = {Zhao, Zebin and Li, Xin and Liu, Feng and Zhu, Gaofeng and Ma, Chunfeng and Wang, Liangxu},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138959},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Africa,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,prevention {\&} control},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138959},
pmid = {32375067},
title = {{Prediction of the COVID-19 spread in African countries and implications for  prevention and control: A case study in South Africa, Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria, Senegal and Kenya.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ma2020,
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: High risk of mental health problems is associated with Coronavirus  Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study explored the prevalence of depressive symptoms (depression hereafter) and its relationship with quality of life (QOL) in clinically stable patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This was an online survey conducted in COVID-19 patients across five designated isolation hospitals for COVID-19 in Hubei province, China. Depression and QOL were assessed with standardized instruments. RESULTS: A total of 770 participants were included. The prevalence of depression was 43.1{\%} (95{\%}CI: 39.6{\%}-46.6{\%}). Binary logistic regression analysis found that having a family member infected with COVID-19 (OR=1.51, P = 0.01), suffering from severe COVID-19 infection (OR=1.67, P = 0.03), male gender (OR=0.53, P{\textless}0.01), and frequent social media use to obtain COVID-19 related information (OR=0.65, P{\textless}0.01) were independently associated with depression. Patients with depression had lower QOL than those without. CONCLUSION: Depression is highly prevalent in clinically stable patients with COVID-19. Regular screening and appropriate treatment of depression are urgently warranted for this population.},
author = {Ma, Yu-Fen and Li, Wen and Deng, Hai-Bao and Wang, Lei and Wang, Ying and Wang, Pei-Hong and Bo, Hai-Xin and Cao, Jing and Wang, Yu and Zhu, Li-Yun and Yang, Yuan and Cheung, Teris and Ng, Chee H and Wu, Xinjuan and Xiang, Yu-Tao},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.033},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {145--148},
pmid = {32658818},
title = {{Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life in clinically  stable patients with COVID-19.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Payus2020,
abstract = {The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute  respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to have emerged from an animal source and has been spreading rapidly among humans. Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropic properties and causes neurological diseases. Here, we review the literature on neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible mechanisms of invasion of the nervous system by this virus, to provide a summary and critical analysis of the early reporting of neurological involvement in COVID-19. An exhaustive search of scientific articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and several other databases. Nineteen relevant articles that had been published or were in preprint were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on our research, we found that patients with COVID-19 can present with neurological symptoms that can be broadly divided into central nervous system involvement, such as headache, dizziness, altered mental state, and disorientation, and peripheral nervous system involvement, such as anosmia and hypogeusia. Most of these patients are in the older age group and exhibit comorbidities, especially hypertension, and severe infection. In extreme presentations of COVID-19, some patients exhibit seizures, stroke, flaccid paraparesis, corticospinal weakness, and even coma. Moreover, the neurological man-ifestations can occur independently of the respiratory system. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multiple neurological syndromes in a more complex presentation. Therefore, this review elucidated the involvement of the nervous system in SARS-CoV-2 infection and will hopefully help improve the management of COVID-19.},
author = {Payus, Alvin Oliver and {Liew Sat Lin}, Constance and {Mohd Noh}, Malehah and Jeffree, Mohammad Saffree and Ali, Raymond Azman},
doi = {10.17305/bjbms.2020.4860},
issn = {1840-4812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Nervous System Diseases,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,complications,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {3},
pages = {283--292},
pmid = {32530389},
title = {{SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nervous system: A review of the literature on  neurological involvement in novel coronavirus disease-(COVID-19).}},
volume = {20},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Dong2020a,
abstract = {A maternal woman was positive for SARS-CoV-2 tested in throat swabs but negative  tested in other body fluids, and she had IgG and IgA detected in breast milk. Her infant negative for SARS-CoV-2 at birth had elevated IgG in serum but quickly decayed. These findings suggest that breastfeeding might have the potential benefit to the neonates.},
author = {Dong, Yunzhu and Chi, Xiangyang and Hai, Huang and Sun, Liangliang and Zhang, Mengyao and Xie, Wei-Fen and Chen, Wei},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1780952},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Adult,Antibodies, Viral,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Immunoglobulin A,Immunoglobulin G,Infant, Newborn,Milk, Human,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Pregnancy,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious,analysis,immunology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1467--1469},
pmid = {32552365},
title = {{Antibodies in the breast milk of a maternal woman with COVID-19.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ibarra-Vega2020,
abstract = {A mathematical model has been created with the Systems Dynamics methodology. It is  based on a SIR model, with the addition of auxiliary and state variables that represent hospital capacity, contacts, contacts with infected, deaths, giving, as a result, a model of four stock variables. Similarly, using piecewise functions, it was possible to model the "quarantines" or lockdowns, and the effectiveness of reduction in the contacts, Results show the decrease in infected people due to the quarantines. The model was simulated for a population of 100,000. The simulations show trends of infections that could occur in three different scenarios: A) one extended lockdown (60 days), B) two medium lockdowns of 30 days, with a 30-day smart lockdown space, and C) an initial 40-day lockdown and then a 30-day smart lockdown. All the lockdowns start on day 25 after the first reported infection. The model presents a compact structure of broad understanding and successful capture of a COVID-19 outbreak and therefore provides an overview to improve knowledge of outbreak trends and quarantine effectiveness in reducing infection.},
author = {Ibarra-Vega, Danny},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138917},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Models, Theoretical,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138917},
pmid = {32387821},
title = {{Lockdown, one, two, none, or smart. Modeling containing covid-19 infection. A  conceptual model.}},
volume = {730},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hutfless2020,
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The elevator mechanism of the duodenoscope was the focus of  endoscopically transmitted infections prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since that time, the 'suspicious suspects' in the endoscopy unit have grown in number in the eyes of both patients and endoscopists. RECENT FINDINGS: This review summarizes the existing guidelines related to infection control in the endoscopy unit and emerging technologies to address gaps, identifies recommendations proposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and reminds the reader that infection prevention has not changed since the emergence of COVID-19, only the importance of infection prevention has increased in visibility. SUMMARY: Infection prevention has been and will always be necessary in the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Although outbreaks of antibiotic-resistant organisms and infectious diseases like COVID-19 raise the profile of infection control, there have been no major changes to infection control practice recommendations because of the global pandemic. The history of lapses in infection control, persistent contamination of reprocessed endoscopes, and failure of many endoscopy units to identify certain endoscopic procedures as aerosol-generating procedures prior to the pandemic emphasize the need for better knowledge and implementation of infection control practices within endoscopy units.},
author = {Hutfless, Susan},
doi = {10.1097/MOG.0000000000000669},
issn = {1531-7056 (Electronic)},
journal = {Current opinion in gastroenterology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {366--369},
pmid = {32739998},
title = {{Endoscope infection transmission state-of-the-art: beyond duodenoscopes to a culture  of infection prevention.}},
volume = {36},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Cavalli2020,
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is a novel  $\beta$ coronavirus that is the etiological agent of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) that at the time of writing (June 16, 2020) has infected almost 6 million people with some 450,000 deaths. These numbers are still rising daily. Most (some 80{\%}) cases of COVID‑19 infection are asymptomatic, a substantial number of cases (15{\%}) require hospitalization and an additional fraction of patients (5{\%}) need recovery in intensive care units. Mortality for COVID‑19 infection appears to occur globally between 0.1 and 0.5{\%} of infected patients although the frequency of lethality is significantly augmented in the elderly and in patients with other comorbidities. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and episodes of thromboembolism that may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) represent the primary causes of lethality during COVID‑19 infection. Increasing evidence suggests that thrombotic diathesis is due to multiple derangements of the coagulation system including marked elevation of D‑dimer that correlate negatively with survival. We propose here that the thromboembolic events and eventually the development of DIC provoked by SARS‑CoV‑2 infection may represent a secondary anti‑phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). We will apply both Baconian inductivism and Cartesian deductivism to prove that secondary APS is likely responsible for coagulopathy during the course of COVID‑19 infection. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this are also discussed.},
author = {Cavalli, Eugenio and Bramanti, Alessia and Ciurleo, Rosella and Tchorbanov, Andrey I and Giordano, Antonio and Fagone, Paolo and Belizna, Cristina and Bramanti, Placido and Shoenfeld, Yehuda and Nicoletti, Ferdinando},
doi = {10.3892/ijmm.2020.4659},
issn = {1791-244X (Electronic)},
journal = {International journal of molecular medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {903--912},
pmid = {32588061},
title = {{Entangling COVID-19 associated thrombosis into a secondary antiphospholipid antibody  syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives (Review).}},
volume = {46},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Freedman2020,
abstract = {The response to the COVID-19 crisis across most research institutions mandated  ceasing nonessential research activities in order to minimize the spread of the virus in our communities. With minimal notice, experiments were terminated, cell lines were frozen, mouse colonies were culled, and trainees were prevented from performing bench research. Still, despite the interruption of experimental productivity, the shutdown has proven for many PIs and trainees that doing and thinking science are not activities that are bound to the laboratory. Furthermore, the shutdowns have solidified important emerging trends and forced us to further innovate to get the most out of working remotely. We hope that some of these innovations, hard-gained in this difficult time, will persist and develop into new paradigms-lessons that will improve our science and our relationship to the climate and community beyond the current pandemic.},
author = {Freedman, Tanya S and Headley, Mark B and Serwas, Nina and Ruhland, Megan and Castellanos, Carlos A and Combes, Alexis J and Krummel, Matthew F},
doi = {10.1084/jem.20201276},
issn = {1540-9538 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Journal of experimental medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pmid = {32735669},
title = {{Lessons of COVID-19: A roadmap for post-pandemic science.}},
volume = {217},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Buschmann2020,
author = {Buschmann, C and Tsokos, M},
booktitle = {Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)},
doi = {10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101723},
issn = {1873-4162 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Autopsy,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Male,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk Factors,Social Responsibility,Suicide,Vulnerable Populations,psychology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {101723},
pmid = {32526673},
title = {{Corona-associated suicide - Observations made in the autopsy room.}},
volume = {46},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Li2020c,
author = {Li, Xiaochen and Wang, Yan and Bai, Yan and Xu, Junling and Fu, Chang and Kang, Yi and Cheng, Jianjian and Shen, Yu and Liu, Junping and Wu, Hewen and Zhang, Weifeng and Li, Huiqiang and Li, Pengyu and Gu, Jianqin and Shao, Fengmin and Wang, Meiyun},
doi = {10.1007/s00259-020-04887-8},
issn = {1619-7089 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {10},
pages = {2478--2479},
pmid = {32500167},
title = {{PET/MR and PET/CT in a severe COVID-19 patient.}},
volume = {47},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ren2020a,
abstract = {Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide public  health threat. Early and quick identification of the potential risk zones of COVID-19 infection is increasingly vital for the megacities implementing targeted infection prevention and control measures. In this study, the communities with confirmed cases during January 21-February 27 were collected and considered as the specific epidemic data for Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. We evaluated the spatiotemporal variations of the epidemics before utilizing the ecological niche models (ENM) to assemble the epidemic data and nine socioeconomic variables for identifying the potential risk zones of this infection in these megacities. Three megacities were differentiated by the spatial patterns and quantities of infected communities, average cases per community, the percentages of imported cases, as well as the potential risks, although their COVID-19 infection situations have been preliminarily contained to date. With higher risks that were predominated by various influencing factors in each megacity, the potential risk zones coverd about 75{\%} to 100{\%} of currently infected communities. Our results demonstrate that the ENM method was capable of being employed as an early forecasting tool for identifying the potential COVID-19 infection risk zones on a fine scale. We suggest that local hygienic authorities should keep their eyes on the epidemic in each megacity for sufficiently implementing and adjusting their interventions in the zones with more residents or probably crowded places. This study would provide useful clues for relevant hygienic departments making quick responses to increasingly severe epidemics in similar megacities in the world.},
author = {Ren, Hongyan and Zhao, Lu and Zhang, An and Song, Liuyi and Liao, Yilan and Lu, Weili and Cui, Cheng},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138995},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,China,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138995},
pmid = {32353723},
title = {{Early forecasting of the potential risk zones of COVID-19 in China's megacities.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bakar2020,
abstract = {In palliative care, we strive to provide care to the whole patient. When we think  about the whole patient, we include the people who are important in our patients' lives. Our New York City-based palliative care team has found that caring for patients' loved ones has proven to be an even more important aspect of the care we have provided during the COVID epidemic. In this article, we describe the multicomponenet interdisciplinary interventions we have implemented to enhance our ability to create a therapeutic alliance with family members and facilitate the provision of goal concordant care to patients with COVID during this extremely difficult time.},
author = {Bakar, Melissa and Capano, Elizabeth and Patterson, Melissa and McIntyre, Brooke and Walsh, Chaplain Jean},
doi = {10.1177/1049909120931506},
issn = {1938-2715 (Electronic)},
journal = {The American journal of hospice {\&} palliative care},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {866--868},
pmid = {32508107},
title = {{The Role of Palliative Care in Caring for the Families of Patients With COVID-19.}},
volume = {37},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mont2020,
abstract = {Sharing economy platforms have been transforming production and consumption systems  in cities around the world. While the sharing economy may contribute to addressing sustainability issues, its actual economic, social and environmental impacts remain poorly understood. Advancing more sustainably promising forms of sharing and leveraging its benefits, while circumventing its pitfalls, is becoming increasingly important in the era of Covid-19 and climate crisis, economic downturn and uncertainty, and loss of social connectedness, particularly in anonymous urban environments. The ways to capitalise on strengths of the sharing economy are still poorly understood. In particular, the roles and perspectives of users, businesses and municipal governments in institutionalising the sharing economy in various geographical contexts are essential to examine. This volume seeks to advance the research field by focusing on four research areas: 1) understanding the sharing economy conceptually; 2) user perspectives on the sharing economy; 3) business perspective on the sharing economy; and 4) urban governance perspective on the sharing economy. The twenty articles in this volume discuss sustainability implications of the sharing economy from different perspectives, in various geographical contexts, and drawing on a range of disciplines. The volume makes a significant contribution by bringing in empirical findings from emerging and developing economies, including Brazil, China, Indonesia, Poland, the Philippines, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam, thereby supplementing more frequently discussed perspectives from high-income countries. The volume also outlines the course for future research.},
author = {Mont, Oksana and Palgan, Yuliya Voytenko and Bradley, Karin and Zvolska, Lucie},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122215},
issn = {0959-6526 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of cleaner production},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {122215},
pmid = {32542067},
title = {{A decade of the sharing economy: Concepts, users, business and governance  perspectives.}},
volume = {269},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Carneiro2020,
author = {Carneiro, M{\'{a}}rcia Mendon{\c{c}}a},
booktitle = {Women {\&} health},
doi = {10.1080/03630242.2020.1789263},
issn = {1541-0331 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {8},
pages = {849--850},
pmid = {32744188},
title = {{Women's health during the COVID-19 pandemic: new roles and views in health care.}},
volume = {60},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Su2020a,
author = {Su, Minghua and Wang, Yichao and Peng, Jieru and Wu, Meng-Jun and Deng, Wuquan and Yang, You-Sheng},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109894},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Biomarkers,Case-Control Studies,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Inpatients,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Retrospective Studies},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109894},
pmid = {32450473},
title = {{Elevated cardiac biomarkers are associated with increased mortality for inpatients  with COVID-19: A retrospective case-control study.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mahato2020,
abstract = {Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown is imposed in India initially for  three weeks from 24th March to 14th April 2020 and extended up to 3rd May 2020. Due to the forced restrictions, pollution level in cities across the country drastically slowed down just within few days which magnetize discussions regarding lockdown to be the effectual alternative measures to be implemented for controlling air pollution. The present article eventually worked on this direction to look upon the air quality scenario amidst the lockdown period scientifically with special reference to the megacity Delhi. With the aid of air quality data of seven pollutant parameters (PM(10), PM(2.5), SO(2), NO(2), CO, O(3) and NH(3)) for 34 monitoring stations spread over the megacity we have employed National Air Quality Index (NAQI) to show the spatial pattern of air quality in pre and during-lockdown phases. The results demonstrated that during lockdown air quality is significantly improved. Among the selected pollutants, concentrations of PM(10) and PM(2.5) have witnessed maximum reduction ({\textgreater}50{\%}) in compare to the pre-lockdown phase. In compare to the last year (i.e. 2019) during the said time period the reduction of PM(10) and PM(2.5) is as high as about 60{\%} and 39{\%} respectively. Among other pollutants, NO(2) (-52.68{\%}) and CO (-30.35{\%}) level have also reduced during-lockdown phase. About 40{\%} to 50{\%} improvement in air quality is identified just after four days of commencing lockdown. About 54{\%}, 49{\%}, 43{\%}, 37{\%} and 31{\%} reduction in NAQI have been observed in Central, Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern parts of the megacity. Overall, the study is thought to be a useful supplement to the regulatory bodies since it showed the pollution source control can attenuate the air quality. Temporary such source control in a suitable time interval may heal the environment.},
author = {Mahato, Susanta and Pal, Swades and Ghosh, Krishna Gopal},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Environmental Monitoring,Humans,India,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139086},
pmid = {32375105},
title = {{Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi,  India.}},
volume = {730},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Zhang2020a,
abstract = {The emerging SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with the outbreak of viral pneumonia in  China is ongoing worldwide. There are no approved antiviral therapies to treat this viral disease. Here we examined the antiviral abilities of three broad-spectrum antiviral compounds gemcitabine, lycorine and oxysophoridine against SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture. We found that all three tested compounds inhibited viral replication in Vero-E6 cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. The antiviral effect of gemcitabine was suppressed efficiently by the cytidine nucleosides. Additionally, combination of gemcitabine with oxysophoridine had an additive antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2. Our results demonstrate that broad-spectrum antiviral compounds may have a priority for the screening of antiviral compounds against newly emerging viruses to control viral infection.},
author = {Zhang, Ya-Nan and Zhang, Qiu-Yan and Li, Xiao-Dan and Xiong, Jin and Xiao, Shu-Qi and Wang, Zhen and Zhang, Zhe-Rui and Deng, Cheng-Lin and Yang, Xing-Lou and Wei, Hong-Ping and Yuan, Zhi-Ming and Ye, Han-Qing and Zhang, Bo},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1772676},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Alkaloids,Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids,Animals,Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Cell Survival,Chlorocebus aethiops,Chloroquine,Deoxycytidine,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug,Drug Combinations,Drug Synergism,Phenanthridines,Vero Cells,Virus Replication,analogs {\&} derivatives,drug effects,growth {\&} development,metabolism,pharmacology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1170--1173},
pmid = {32432977},
title = {{Gemcitabine, lycorine and oxysophoridine inhibit novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in  cell culture.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Caruana-Finkel2020,
author = {Caruana-Finkel, Liza},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1780679},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Abortion, Induced,Adult,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Malta,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Pregnancy,legislation {\&} jurisprudence,statistics {\&} numerical data},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1780679},
pmid = {32516072},
title = {{Abortion in the time of COVID-19: perspectives from Malta.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Shen2020a,
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly  worldwide since it was confirmed as the causative agent of COVID-19. Molecular diagnosis of the disease is typically performed via nucleic acid-based detection of the virus from swabs, sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). However, the positive rate from the commonly used specimens (swabs or sputum) was less than 75{\%}. Immunological assays for SARS-CoV-2 are needed to accurately diagnose COVID-19. Sera were collected from patients or healthy people in a local hospital in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China. The SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM antibodies were then detected using a SARS-CoV-2 IgM colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA). Results were analysed in combination with sera collection date and clinical information. The GICA was found to be positive with the detected 82.2{\%} (37/45) of RT-qPCR confirmed COVID-19 cases, as well as 32.0{\%} (8/25) of clinically confirmed, RT-qPCR negative patients (4-14 days after symptom onset). Investigation of IgM-negative, RT-qPCR-positive COVID-19 patients showed that half of them developed severe disease. The GICA was found to be a useful test to complement existing PCR-based assays for confirmation of COVID-19, and a delayed specific IgM antibody response was observed among COVID-19 patients with severe progression.},
author = {Shen, Liang and Wang, Chunhua and Zhao, Jianzhong and Tang, Xiaoyong and Shen, Ying and Lu, Mingqing and Ding, Zhe and Huang, Canping and Zhang, Ji and Li, Shichao and Lan, Jiaming and Wong, Gary and Zhu, Yufang},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1766382},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Antibodies, Viral,Antibody Formation,Betacoronavirus,Child,China,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Progression,Female,Humans,Immunoassay,Immunoglobulin M,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Young Adult,blood,diagnosis,immunology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1096--1101},
pmid = {32476607},
title = {{Delayed specific IgM antibody responses observed among COVID-19 patients with severe  progression.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hathaway2020,
author = {Hathaway, Elizabeth D},
doi = {10.1111/jrh.12505},
issn = {1748-0361 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health  Association and the National Rural Health Care Association},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32744339},
title = {{American Indian and Alaska Native People: Social Vulnerability and COVID-19.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hassan2020,
abstract = {A global emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic demands various studies related to  genes and genomes of the SARS-CoV2. Among other important proteins, the role of accessory proteins are of immense importance in replication, regulation of infections of the coronavirus in the hosts. The largest accessory protein in the SARS-CoV2 genome is ORF3a which modulates the host response to the virus infection and consequently it plays an important role in pathogenesis. In this study, an attempt is made to decipher the conservation of nucleotides, dimers, codons and amino acids in the ORF3a genes across thirty-two genomes of Indian patients. ORF3a gene possesses single and double point mutations in Indian SARS-CoV2 genomes suggesting the change of SARS-CoV2's virulence property in Indian patients. We find that the parental origin of the ORF3a gene over the genomes of SARS-CoV2 and Pangolin-CoV is same from the phylogenetic analysis based on conservation of nucleotides and so on. This study highlights the accumulation of mutation on ORF3a in Indian SARS-CoV2 genomes which may provide the designing therapeutic approach against SARS-CoV2.},
author = {Hassan, Sk Sarif and Choudhury, Pabitra Pal and Basu, Pallab and Jana, Siddhartha Sankar},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.016},
issn = {1089-8646 (Electronic)},
journal = {Genomics},
keywords = {Animals,Base Sequence,Betacoronavirus,Biological Evolution,Chiroptera,Conserved Sequence,Coronavirus Infections,Eutheria,Genome, Viral,Genomics,Humans,India,Mutation,Pandemics,Phylogeny,Pneumonia, Viral,Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins,Viral Structural Proteins,chemistry,genetics,veterinary,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {3226--3237},
pmid = {32540495},
title = {{Molecular conservation and differential mutation on ORF3a gene in Indian SARS-CoV2  genomes.}},
volume = {112},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Wu2020a,
abstract = {COVID-19 is a severe pandemic which has caused a devastating amount of loss in lives  around the world, and yet we still don't know how to appropriately treat this disease. We know very little about the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, the virus which induces the COVID-19. However, COVID-19 does share many similar symptoms with SARS and influenza. Previous scientific discoveries learned from lab animal models and clinical practices shed light on possible pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19. In the past decades, accumulated scientific findings confirmed the pathogenic role of free radicals damage in respiratory virus infection. Astonishingly very few medical professionals mention the crucial role of free radical damage in COVID-19. This hypothesis aims to summarize the crucial pathogenic role of free radical damage in respiratory virus induced pneumonia and suggest an antioxidative therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.},
author = {Wu, Jun},
doi = {10.1016/j.niox.2020.06.002},
issn = {1089-8611 (Electronic)},
journal = {Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry},
keywords = {Acetylcysteine,Animals,Antioxidants,Ascorbic Acid,Azithromycin,Betacoronavirus,Clinical Trials as Topic,Coronavirus Infections,Cytokine Release Syndrome,Drug Therapy, Combination,Free Radicals,Glutathione,Humans,Hydroxychloroquine,Mice,Multiple Organ Failure,NF-E2-Related Factor 2,Nitric Oxide,Orthomyxoviridae Infections,Oxidative Stress,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Reactive Oxygen Species,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,administration {\&} dosage,agonists,antagonists {\&} inhibitors,complications,drug therapy,etiology,metabolism,pharmacology,prevention {\&} control,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {39--41},
pmid = {32562746},
title = {{Tackle the free radicals damage in COVID-19.}},
volume = {102},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yunus2020,
abstract = {Human life comes to a standstill as many countries shut themselves off from the work  due to the novel coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) that hit the world severely in the first quarter of 2020. All types of industries, vehicle movement, and people's activity suddenly halted, perhaps for the first time in modern history. For a long time, it has been stated in various literature that the increased industrialization and anthropogenic activities in the last two decades polluted the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Since the industries and people's activities have been shut off for a month or more in many parts of the world, it is expected to show some improvement in the prevailing conditions in the aforementioned spheres of environment. Here, with the help of remote sensing images, this work quantitatively demonstrated the improvement in surface water quality in terms of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Vembanad Lake, the longest freshwater lake in India. The SPM estimated based on established turbidity algorithm from Landsat-8 OLI images showed that the SPM concentration during the lockdown period decreased by 15.9{\%} on average (range: -10.3{\%} to 36.4{\%}, up to 8 mg/l decrease) compared with the pre-lockdown period. Time series analysis of satellite image collections (April 2013 - April 2020) showed that the SPM quantified for April 2020 is the lowest for 11 out of 20 zones of the Vembanad lake. When compared with preceding years, the percentage decrease in SPM for April 2020 is up to 34{\%} from the previous minima.},
author = {Yunus, Ali P and Masago, Yoshifumi and Hijioka, Yasuaki},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139012},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Environmental Monitoring,Humans,India,Lakes,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Water Quality},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139012},
pmid = {32388159},
title = {{COVID-19 and surface water quality: Improved lake water quality during the lockdown.}},
volume = {731},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Watson2020,
author = {Watson, Alastair and McKinnon, Tamsin and Prior, Scarlet-Daisy and Richards, Liam and Green, Christopher A},
booktitle = {Medical education online},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1764741},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1764741},
pmid = {32400295},
title = {{COVID-19: time for a bold new strategy for medical education.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Inagaki2020,
abstract = {The spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections worldwide has  raised concerns about the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. Devices that rapidly inactivate viruses can reduce the chance of infection through aerosols and contact transmission. This in vitro study demonstrated that irradiation with a deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) of 280 ± 5 nm wavelength rapidly inactivates SARS-CoV-2 obtained from a COVID-19 patient. Development of devices equipped with DUV-LED is expected to prevent virus invasion through the air and after touching contaminated objects.},
author = {Inagaki, Hiroko and Saito, Akatsuki and Sugiyama, Hironobu and Okabayashi, Tamaki and Fujimoto, Shouichi},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1796529},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1744--1747},
pmid = {32673522},
title = {{Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with deep-UV LED irradiation.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Leung2020,
abstract = {The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), average size 100 nm, can be aerosolized by cough,  sneeze, speech and breath of infected persons. The airborne carrier for the COVID-19 can be tiny droplets and particulates from infected person, fine suspended mists (humidity) in air, or ambient aerosols in air. To-date, unfortunately there are no test standards for nano-aerosols (≤100 nm). A goal in our study is to develop air filters (e.g. respirator, facemask, ventilator, medical breathing filter/system) with 90{\%} capture on 100-nm airborne COVID-19 with pressure drop of less than 30 Pa (3.1 mm water). There are two challenges. First, this airborne bio-nanoaerosol (combined virus and carrier) is amorphous unlike cubic NaCl crystals. Second, unlike standard laboratory tests on NaCl and test oil (DOP) droplets, these polydispersed aerosols all challenge the filter simultaneously and they are of different sizes and can interact among themselves complicating the filtration process. For the first time, we have studied these two effects using ambient aerosols (simulating the bio-nanoaerosols of coronavirus plus carrier of different shapes and sizes) to challenge electrostatically charged multilayer/multimodule nanofiber filters. This problem is fundamentally complicated due to mechanical and electrostatic interactions among aerosols of different sizes with induced charges of different magnitudes. The test filters were arranged in 2, 4, and 6 multiple-modules stack-up with each module having 0.765 g/m(2) of charged PVDF nanofibers (mean diameter 525 ± 191 nm). This configuration minimized electrical interference among neighboring charged nanofibers and reduced flow resistance in the filter. For ambient aerosol size{\textgreater}80 nm (applicable to the smallest COVID-19), the electrostatic effect contributes 100-180{\%} more efficiency to the existing mechanical efficiency (due to diffusion and interception) depending on the number of modules in the filter. By stacking-up modules to increase fiber basis weight in the filter, a 6-layer charged nanofiber filter achieved 88{\%}, 88{\%} and 96{\%} filtration efficiency for, respectively, 55-nm, 100-nm and 300-nm ambient aerosol. This is very close to attaining our set goal of 90{\%}-efficiency on the 100-nm ambient aerosol. The pressure drop for the 6-layer nanofiber filter was only 26 Pa (2.65 mm water column) which was below our limit of 30 Pa (3.1 mm water). For the test multi-module filters, a high 'quality factor' (efficiency-to-pressure-drop ratio) of about 0.1 to 0.13 Pa(-1) can be consistently maintained, which was far better than conventional filters. Using the same PVDF 6-layer charged nanofiber filter, laboratory tests results using monodispersed NaCl aerosols of 50, 100, and 300 nm yielded filtration efficiency, respectively, 92{\%}, 94{\%} and 98{\%} (qualified for 'N98 standard') with same pressure drop of 26 Pa. The 2-6{\%} discrepancy in efficiency for the NaCl aerosols was primarily attributed to the absence of interaction among aerosols of different sizes using monodispersed NaCl aerosols in the laboratory. This discrepancy can be further reduced with increasing number of modules in the filter and for larger 300-nm aerosol. The 6-layer charged nanofiber filter was qualified as a 'N98 respirator' (98{\%} capture efficiency for 300-nm NaCl aerosols) but with pressure drop of only 2.65-mm water which was 1/10 below conventional N95 with 25-mm (exhaling) to 35-mm (inhaling) water column! The 6-layer charged PVDF nanofiber filter provides good personal protection against airborne COVID-19 virus and nano-aerosols from pollution based on the N98 standard, yet it is at least 10X more breathable than a conventional N95 respirator.},
author = {Leung, Wallace Woon-Fong and Sun, Qiangqiang},
doi = {10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116887},
issn = {1383-5866 (Print)},
journal = {Separation and purification technology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {116887},
pmid = {32372877},
title = {{Charged PVDF multilayer nanofiber filter in filtering simulated airborne novel  coronavirus (COVID-19) using ambient nano-aerosols.}},
volume = {245},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kakhki2020,
abstract = {An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus has been  reported worldwide and become a global health problem; hence, the diagnosis and differentiation of this virus from other types of coronavirus is essential to control of the disease. To this end, the analysis of genomics data plays a vital role in introducing a stronger target and consequently provides better results in laboratory examinations. The modified comparative genomics approach helps us to find novel specific targets by comparing two or more sequences on the nucleotide collection database. We, for the first time, detected ORF8 gene as a potential target for the detection of the novel coronavirus. Unlike previous reported genes (RdRP, E and N genes), ORF8 is entirely specific to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and has no cross-reactivity with other kinds of coronavirus. Accordingly, ORF8 gene can be used as an additional confirmatory assay.},
author = {Kakhki, Reza Kamali and Kakhki, Mohammad Kamali and Neshani, Alireza},
doi = {10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100740},
issn = {2452-0144 (Print)},
journal = {Gene reports},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100740},
pmid = {32510005},
title = {{COVID-19 target: A specific target for novel coronavirus detection.}},
volume = {20},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Nie2020,
abstract = {Pseudoviruses are useful virological tools because of their safety and versatility,  especially for emerging and re-emerging viruses. Due to its high pathogenicity and infectivity and the lack of effective vaccines and therapeutics, live SARS-CoV-2 has to be handled under biosafety level 3 conditions, which has hindered the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Based on a VSV pseudovirus production system, a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay has been developed for evaluating neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in biosafety level 2 facilities. The key parameters for this assay were optimized, including cell types, cell numbers, virus inoculum. When tested against the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patient sera showed high neutralizing potency, which underscore its potential as therapeutics. The limit of detection for this assay was determined as 22.1 and 43.2 for human and mouse serum samples respectively using a panel of 120 negative samples. The cutoff values were set as 30 and 50 for human and mouse serum samples, respectively. This assay showed relatively low coefficient of variations with 15.9{\%} and 16.2{\%} for the intra- and inter-assay analyses respectively. Taken together, we established a robust pseudovirus-based neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 and are glad to share pseudoviruses and related protocols with the developers of vaccines or therapeutics to fight against this lethal virus.},
author = {Nie, Jianhui and Li, Qianqian and Wu, Jiajing and Zhao, Chenyan and Hao, Huan and Liu, Huan and Zhang, Li and Nie, Lingling and Qin, Haiyang and Wang, Meng and Lu, Qiong and Li, Xiaoyu and Sun, Qiyu and Liu, Junkai and Fan, Changfa and Huang, Weijin and Xu, Miao and Wang, Youchun},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1743767},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Animals,Antibodies, Neutralizing,Antibodies, Viral,Betacoronavirus,Cell Line,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Immune Sera,Immunization, Passive,Limit of Detection,Membrane Glycoproteins,Mice,Neutralization Tests,Plasmids,Pneumonia, Viral,Reproducibility of Results,Sensitivity and Specificity,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus,Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus,Viral Envelope Proteins,Virus Internalization,genetics,immunology,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {680--686},
pmid = {32207377},
title = {{Establishment and validation of a pseudovirus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Ballve-Martin2020,
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Severe infection by SARS-CoV-2 has shown to entail an increased risk  of thrombotic, especially venous, events. Central venous catheters have also been associated with an increased risk of thrombotic complications. Paradoxical embolism as an aetiological mechanism of ischaemic stroke should be considered in a highly prothrombotic context, where it may be more frequent. CASE REPORT: A 40-year-old woman with a central venous catheter, with a large vessel ischaemic stroke, treated with mechanical thrombectomy for an atypical paradoxical embolism while in intensive care for bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia. In the aetiological study, analysis highlighted an elevation of the D-dimer and right-left shunt with massive passage of contrast directly from the central peripheral access pathway in the left upper extremity to the left atrium in the transoesophageal echocardiogram. Thoracic tomographic angiography showed an anomalous venous structure with its origin in the subclavian vein and drainage to the segmental vein of the left upper lobe with direct emptying into the left atrium. Treatment consisted in anticoagulation until removal of the central venous catheter and simple anti-aggregating medication on discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Paradoxical embolism due to intra- or extra-cardiac shunt should be considered in patients with COVID-19, given the high associated risk of venous thromboembolism. Further studies are needed to be able to define optimal prophylactic and therapeutic management.},
author = {Ballv{\'{e}}-Mart{\'{i}}n, A and Boned, S and Rubiera, M},
booktitle = {Revista de neurologia},
doi = {10.33588/rn.7105.2020317},
issn = {1576-6578 (Electronic)},
language = {spa},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {186--190},
pmid = {32729110},
title = {{[Thrombotic complication of severe COVID-19 pneumonia: stroke due to atypical  paradoxical embolism].}},
volume = {71},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Yu2020,
abstract = {Since the first report of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in late December 2019,  the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now widely spread to more than 187 countries and regions. However, it is unclear whether there has been cryptic transmission before these early officially confirmed cases, we therefore retrospectively screened for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 1271 nasopharyngeal swab samples, as well as the prevalence of IgM, IgG, and total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 357 matched serum samples collected from hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness between 1 December 2018 and 31 March 2020 in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. The onset date of the earliest COVID-19 case in this study was 25 January 2020. Before this time point, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 was not observed, which limited the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 has already spread among the population before the large-scale outbreak. Additionally, among 6662 patients with influenza-like illness from 1 December 2017 to 31 March 2020, the overall number of patients positive for influenza and other respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 period decreased significantly when compared with that in the same period of the last two years, reflecting that public health interventions can effectively control the spread of common respiratory viruses.},
author = {Yu, Xiaoqi and Wei, Dong and Chen, Yongyan and Zhang, Donghua and Zhang, Xinxin},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1785952},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Antibodies, Viral,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Diagnosis, Differential,Female,Humans,Influenza, Human,Male,Middle Aged,Nasal Cavity,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA, Viral,Retrospective Studies,analysis,blood,diagnosis,epidemiology,isolation {\&} purification,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1470--1473},
pmid = {32608335},
title = {{Retrospective detection of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients with influenza-like  illness.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Vijayan2020,
abstract = {The recent outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to the disease COVID 19, a  global pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented loss of life and economy worldwide. Hence, there is an urgent need to discover effective drugs to control this pandemic. NSP16 is a methyltransferase that methylates the ribose 2'-O position of the viral nucleotide. Taking advantage of the recently solved structure of NSP16 with its inhibitor, S-Adenosylmethionine, we have virtually screened FDA approved drugs, drug candidates and natural compounds. The compounds with the best docking scores were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations followed by binding free energy calculations using the MM-PBSA method. The known drugs which were identified as potential inhibitors of NSP16 from SARS-CoV-2 included DB02498, DB03909, DB03186, Galuteolin, ZINC000029416466, ZINC000026985532, and ZINC000085537017. DB02498 (Carba-nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide) is an approved drug which has been used since the late 1960s in intravenous form to significantly lessen withdrawal symptoms from a variety of drugs and alcohol addicts and it has the best MM-PBSA binding free energy of-12.83 ± 0.52 kcal/mol. The second best inhibitor, Galuteolin is a natural compound that inhibits tyrosinase enzyme with MM-PBSA binding free energy value of -11.21 ± 0.47 kcal/mol. Detailed ligand and protein interactions were analyzed and common residues across SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV were identified. We propose Carba-nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide and Galuteolin as the potential inhibitors of NSP16. The results in this study can be used for the treatment of COVID-19 and can also form the basis of rational drug design against NSP16 of SARS-CoV-2.},
author = {Vijayan, Viswanathan and Pant, Pradeep and Vikram, Naval and Kaur, Punit and Singh, T P and Sharma, Sujata and Sharma, Pradeep},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1802349},
issn = {1538-0254 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure {\&} dynamics},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--15},
pmid = {32741322},
title = {{Identification of promising drug candidates against NSP16 of SARS-CoV-2 through  computational drug repurposing study.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bhowmick2020,
abstract = {The current pandemic (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome  coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health challenge with active development of antiviral drugs and vaccines seeking to reduce its significant disease burden. Early reports have confirmed that transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are critical targets of SARS-CoV-2 that facilitate viral entry into host cells. TMPRSS2 and ACE2 are expressed in multiple human tissues beyond the lung including the testes where predisposition to SARS-CoV-2 infection may exist. TMPRSS2 is an androgen-responsive gene and its fusion represents one of the most frequent alterations in prostate cancer. Androgen suppression by androgen deprivation therapy and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors form the foundation of prostate cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight the growing evidence in support of androgen regulation of TMPRSS2 and ACE2 and the potential clinical implications of using androgen suppression to downregulate TMPRSS2 to target SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss the future directions and controversies that need to be addressed in order to establish the viability of targeting TMPRSS2 and/or ACE2 through androgen signaling regulation for COVID-19 treatment, particularly its relevance in the context of prostate cancer management.},
author = {Bhowmick, Neil A and Oft, Jillian and Dorff, Tanya and Pal, Sumanta and Agarwal, Neeraj and Figlin, Robert A and Posadas, Edwin M and Freedland, Stephen J and Gong, Jun},
doi = {10.1530/ERC-20-0165},
issn = {1479-6821 (Electronic)},
journal = {Endocrine-related cancer},
keywords = {Androgen Antagonists,Androgens,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System,Male,Pandemics,Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A,Pneumonia, Viral,Prostatic Neoplasms,Serine Endopeptidases,drug therapy,etiology,physiology,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {R281--R292},
pmid = {32508311},
title = {{COVID-19 and androgen-targeted therapy for prostate cancer patients.}},
volume = {27},
year = {2020}
}
@article{AlBarbarawi2020,
author = {Al Barbarawi, Mohammed M and Jbarah, Omar F and Alomari, Amer A},
doi = {10.1016/j.inat.2020.100793},
issn = {2214-7519 (Print)},
journal = {Interdisciplinary neurosurgery : Advanced techniques and case management},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
pages = {100793},
pmid = {32537423},
title = {{The impact of COVID-19 on the Neurosurgery practice in the North of Jordan.}},
volume = {22},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Elkoundi2020,
abstract = {• Maintaining the health of clinical workforce during COVID-19 pandemic is a top  priority. • Extraordinary measures could greatly reduce the risk of cross-contamination for both staff and non-infected patients. • Airway assessment is a critical time for the consultant anesthetist. • Projecting the airway examination via a mirror can be a useful idea to minimizing viral contamination.},
author = {Elkoundi, Abdelghafour and Jaafari, Abdelhamid and Ababou, Mourad and Boubekri, Ayoub and Baite, Abdelouahed and Bensghir, Mustapha},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109882},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109882},
pmid = {32447166},
title = {{Preoperative assessment organization in the time of the outbreak COVID-19.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Todd-Gher2020,
author = {Todd-Gher, Jaime and Shah, Payal K},
doi = {10.1080/26410397.2020.1758394},
issn = {2641-0397 (Electronic)},
journal = {Sexual and reproductive health matters},
keywords = {Abortion, Induced,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Health Services Accessibility,Human Rights,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Pregnancy},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1758394},
pmid = {32308156},
title = {{Abortion in the context of COVID-19: a human rights imperative.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Khoshnaw2020,
abstract = {Global efforts around the world are focused on to discuss several health care  strategies for minimizing the impact of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) on the community. As it is clear that this virus becomes a public health threat and spreading easily among individuals. Mathematical models with computational simulations are effective tools that help global efforts to estimate key transmission parameters and further improvements for controlling this disease. This is an infectious disease and can be modeled as a system of non-linear differential equations with reaction rates. This work reviews and develops some suggested models for the COVID-19 that can address important questions about global health care and suggest important notes. Then, we suggest an updated model that includes a system of differential equations with transmission parameters. Some key computational simulations and sensitivity analysis are investigated. Also, the local sensitivities for each model state concerning the model parameters are computed using three different techniques: non-normalizations, half normalizations, and full normalizations. Results based on the computational simulations show that the model dynamics are significantly changed for different key model parameters. Interestingly, we identify that transition rates between asymptomatic infected with both reported and unreported symptomatic infected individuals are very sensitive parameters concerning model variables in spreading this disease. This helps international efforts to reduce the number of infected individuals from the disease and to prevent the propagation of new coronavirus more widely on the community. Another novelty of this paper is the identification of the critical model parameters, which makes it easy to be used by biologists with less knowledge of mathematical modeling and also facilitates the improvement of the model for future development theoretically and practically.},
author = {Khoshnaw, Sarbaz H A and Shahzad, Muhammad and Ali, Mehboob and Sultan, Faisal},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109932},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109932},
pmid = {32523257},
title = {{A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic model.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Liu2020c,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We observe changes of the main lymphocyte subsets  (CD16(+)CD56、CD19、CD3、CD4、and CD8) in COVID-19-infected patients and explore whether the changes are associated with disease severity. METHODS: One-hundred and fifty-four cases of COVID-19-infected patients were selected and divided into 3 groups (moderate group, severe group and critical group). The flow cytometry assay was performed to examine the numbers of lymphocyte subsets. RESULTS: CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8 + T lymphocyte subsets were decreased in COVID-19-infected patients. Compared with the moderate group and the sever group, CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the critical group decreased greatly (P {\textless} 0.001, P = 0.005 or P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) T lymphocyte counts may reflect the severity of the COVID-19. Monitoring T cell changes has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of severe patients who may become critically ill.},
author = {Liu, Rui and Wang, Ying and Li, Jie and Han, Huan and Xia, Zunen and Liu, Fang and Wu, Kailang and Yang, Lan and Liu, Xinghui and Zhu, Chengliang},
doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.019},
issn = {1873-3492 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Betacoronavirus,Biomarkers,CD3 Complex,CD4 Antigens,CD8 Antigens,Cardiovascular Diseases,Cohort Studies,Comorbidity,Coronavirus Infections,Diabetes Mellitus,Female,Gene Expression,Humans,Immunophenotyping,Lung Diseases,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Patient Selection,Pneumonia, Viral,Prognosis,Severity of Illness Index,Survival Analysis,T-Lymphocyte Subsets,analysis,diagnosis,genetics,immunology,mortality,pathogenicity,pathology,physiopathology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {110--114},
pmid = {32405080},
title = {{Decreased T cell populations contribute to the increased severity of COVID-19.}},
volume = {508},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Gangakhedkar2020,
author = {Gangakhedkar, Gauri Raman and Sundaram, Sridhar and Gangakhedkar, Mihir Raman and Shilotri, Manali Prakash},
booktitle = {World journal of surgery},
doi = {10.1007/s00268-020-05659-z},
issn = {1432-2323 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {3192--3193},
pmid = {32591843},
title = {{Hazardous Postoperative Outcomes of Unexpected COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Call  for Global Consideration of Sampling All Asymptomatic Patients Before Surgical Treatment.}},
volume = {44},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Higazy2020,
abstract = {Nowadays, COVID-19 has put a significant responsibility on all of us around the  world from its detection to its remediation. The globe suffer from lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers are doing their best to discover the nature of this pandemic and try to produce the possible plans to control it. One of the most effective method to understand and control the evolution of this pandemic is to model it via an efficient mathematical model. In this paper, we propose to model COVID-19 pandemic by fractional order SIDARTHE model which did not appear in the literature before. The existence of a stable solution of the fractional order COVID-19 SIDARTHE model is proved and the fractional order necessary conditions of four proposed control strategies are produced. The sensitivity of the fractional order COVID-19 SIDARTHE model to the fractional order and the infection rate parameters are displayed. All studies are numerically simulated using MATLAB software via fractional order differential equation solver.},
author = {Higazy, M},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110007},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {110007},
pmid = {32565624},
title = {{Novel fractional order SIDARTHE mathematical model of COVID-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Palgi2020,
abstract = {• Loneliness was the main risk factor for depression, anxiety and their comorbidity.  • Probable clinical level of depression and anxiety was not predicted by risk for COVID-19 complications. • adults above 60, displayed greater resilience to psychiatric disorders associated with the COVID-19 crisis.},
author = {Palgi, Yuval and Shrira, Amit and Ring, Lia and Bodner, Ehud and Avidor, Sharon and Bergman, Yoav and Cohen-Fridel, Sara and Keisari, Shoshi and Hoffman, Yaakov},
booktitle = {Journal of affective disorders},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.036},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109--111},
pmid = {32658811},
title = {{The loneliness pandemic: Loneliness and other concomitants of depression, anxiety  and their comorbidity during the COVID-19 outbreak.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Dan2020,
author = {Dan, Bernard},
booktitle = {Developmental medicine and child neurology},
doi = {10.1111/dmcn.14603},
issn = {1469-8749 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1004},
pmid = {32735368},
title = {{Long-term impact of COVID-19 on disabled children.}},
volume = {62},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Masini2020,
author = {Masini, Francesco and Gjeloshi, Klodian and Ferrara, Roberta and Pinotti, Emanuele and Cuomo, Giovanna},
booktitle = {Rheumatology international},
doi = {10.1007/s00296-020-04648-8},
issn = {1437-160X (Electronic)},
keywords = {Antirheumatic Agents,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Delivery of Health Care,Humans,Italy,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Rheumatic Diseases,Telemedicine,drug therapy,epidemiology,prevention {\&} control,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1537--1538},
pmid = {32666135},
title = {{Rheumatic disease management in the Campania region of Italy during the COVID-19  pandemic.}},
volume = {40},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Georgiou2020,
abstract = {Previous studies have down that erroneous Conspiracy Theory (CT) beliefs develop  more strongly in people who have underlying conspiratorial reasoning styles and psychopathological traits and particularly when they are faced with stressful external events (Swami et al., 2013; van Prooijen, 2018). In this study, we test this proposition by examining the individual differences associated with the development of COVID-19-related CT beliefs during the pandemic. A total of 660 adults completed a survey that captured COVID-related CT beliefs and broader conspiracy beliefs, education, perceived stress and attitudes towards government responses. The results showed that COVID-19 related CT beliefs were: strongly related to broader CT beliefs, higher in those with lower levels of education; and, positively (although weakly) correlated with more negative attitudes towards government responses. However, no relationship was found between COVID-19 beliefs and self-reported stress. These findings hold implications for why some people are more likely to be resistant to public health interventions relating to COVID-19. The findings encourage more detailed exploration of the causes and sources of CTs and, in particular, the role of social media use and other information sources in the development and perpetuation of health-related CT beliefs.},
author = {Georgiou, Neophytos and Delfabbro, Paul and Balzan, Ryan},
doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2020.110201},
issn = {0191-8869 (Print)},
journal = {Personality and individual differences},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
pages = {110201},
pmid = {32565592},
title = {{COVID-19-related conspiracy beliefs and their relationship with perceived stress and  pre-existing conspiracy beliefs.}},
volume = {166},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Fakhar2020,
abstract = {A new pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has  spread worldwide and become pandemic with thousands new deaths and infected cases globally. To treat the patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19), currently no effective drug or vaccine is available. This necessity motivated us to explore potential lead compounds based natural products targeting main protease (M(pro)) enzyme of SARS-CoV-2. The M(pro) enzyme plays a key role in mediating viral replication and transcription and thus being considered as an attractive drug target. Herein, comprehensive computational investigations were performed to identify new lead compounds against main protease enzyme. In this study, the candidate anthocyanin-derived compounds from PubChem database were filtered considering antiviral characteristics of anthocyanins. The structure-based pharmacophore modeling was developed based on the co-crystallized structure of the enzyme with its biological active inhibitor. The generated hypotheses were applied for virtual screening-based PHASE Screen Score. Docking based virtual screening work flow was used to generate hit compounds using HTVS, SP and XP based Glide Gscore. The obtained hit compounds were filtered using ADMET pharmacological and physicochemical properties screening. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the binding affinities of the considered compounds. Our study identified six best anthocyanin-derived natural compounds which could be used as promising lead compounds against main protease SARS-CoV-2 virus. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
author = {Fakhar, Zeynab and Faramarzi, Bahar and Pacifico, Severina and Faramarzi, Shadab},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1801510},
issn = {1538-0254 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure {\&} dynamics},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--13},
pmid = {32741312},
title = {{Anthocyanin derivatives as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: An  in-silico perspective of therapeutic targets against COVID-19 pandemic.}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Conti2020,
abstract = {IL-1 induces a significant number of metabolic and hematological changes. In  experimental animals, IL-1 treatments cause hypotension due to rapid reduction of systemic blood pressure, reduced vascular resistance, increased heart rate and leukocyte aggregations. IL-1 causes endothelial dysfunction, the triggering factor of which may be of a different nature including pathogen infection. This dysfunction, which includes macrophage intervention and increased protein permeability, can be mediated by several factors including cytokines and arachidonic acid products. These effects are caused by the induction of IL-1 in various pathologies, including those caused by pathogenic viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 which provokes COVID-19. Activation of macrophages by coronavirus-19 leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases and other proteolytic enzymes that can cause thrombi formation and severe respiratory dysfunction. Patients with COVID-19, seriously ill and hospitalized in intensive care, present systemic inflammation, intravascular coagulopathy with high risk of thrombotic complications, and venous thromboembolism, effects mostly mediated by IL-1. In these patients the lungs are the most critical target organ as it can present an increase in the degradation products of fibrin, fibrinogen and D-dimer, with organ lesions and respiratory failure. It is well known that IL-1 induces itself and another very important pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF, which also participates in hemodynamic states, including shock syndrome in COVID-19. Both IL-1 and TNF cause pulmonary edema, thrombosis and bleeding. In addition to hypotension and resistance of systemic blood pressure, IL-1 causes leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The formation of thrombi is the main complication of the circulatory system and functionality of the organ, and represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality. IL-1 causes platelet vascular thrombogenicity also on non-endothelial cells by stimulating the formation of thromboxane A2 which is released into the inflamed environment. IL-1 is the most important immune molecule in inducing fever, since it is involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid which increases from vascular endothelial organs of the hypothalamus. The pathogenesis of thrombosis, vascular inflammation and angigenesis involves the mediation of the activation of the prostanoid thromboxane A2 receptor. In 1986, in an interesting article (Conti P, Reale M, Fiore S, Cancelli A, Angeletti PU, Dinarello CA. In vitro enhanced thromboxane B2 release by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages after treatment with human recombinant interleukin 1. Prostaglandins. 1986 Jul;32(1):111-5), we reported for the first time that IL-1 induces thromboxane B2 (TxB2) releases in activated neutrophils and macrophages. An increase in thromboxane can induce leukocyte aggregation and systemic inflammation, which would account for the dramatic thrombi formation and organ dysfunction. Hence, IL-1 stimulates endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion, and TxB2 production. All these events are supported by the large increase in neutrophils that adhere to the lung and the decrease in lymphocytes. Therefore, ecosanoids such as TxA2 (detected as TxB2) have a powerful action on vascular inflammation and platelet aggregation, mediating the formation of thrombi. The thrombogenesis that occurs in COVID-19 includes platelet and cell aggregation with clotting abnormalities, and anti-clotting inhibitor agents are used in the prevention and therapy of thrombotic diseases. Prevention of or induction of TxA2 avoids thrombi formation induced by IL-1. However, in some serious vascular events where TxA2 increases significantly, it is difficult to inhibit, therefore, it would be much better to prevent its induction and generation by blocking its inductors including IL-1. The inhibition or lack of formation of IL-1 avoids all the above pathological events which can lead to death of the patient. The treatment of innate immune cells producing IL-1 with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) can avoid hemodynamic changes, septic shock and organ inflammation by carrying out a new therapeutic efficacy on COVID-19 induced by SARS-CoV-2.},
author = {Conti, P and Caraffa, Al and Gallenga, C E and Ross, R and Kritas, S K and Frydas, I and Younes, A and {Di Emidio}, P and Ronconi, G and Toniato, E},
booktitle = {Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents},
doi = {10.23812/20-34-4EDIT-65},
issn = {0393-974X (Print)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {4},
pmid = {32744052},
title = {{IL-1 induces throboxane-A2 (TxA2) in COVID-19 causing inflammation and  micro-thrombi: inhibitory effect of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra).}},
volume = {34},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Nahshon2020,
author = {Nahshon, Chen and Lavie, Ofer},
booktitle = {World journal of surgery},
doi = {10.1007/s00268-020-05672-2},
issn = {1432-2323 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {3194--3195},
pmid = {32621035},
title = {{Author's Reply: Hazardous Postoperative Outcomes of Unexpected COVID-19 Infected  Patients: A Call for Global Consideration of Sampling All Asymptomatic Patients Before Surgical Treatment.}},
volume = {44},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Dantas2020,
abstract = {The first COVID-19 case in Brazil was confirmed on February 25, 2020. On March 16,  the state's governor declared public health emergency in the city of Rio de Janeiro and partial lockdown measures came into force a week later. The main goal of this work is to discuss the impact of the measures on the air quality of the city by comparing the particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations determined during the partial lockdown with values obtained in the same period of 2019 and also with the weeks prior to the virus outbreak. Concentrations varied with substantial differences among pollutants and also among the three studied monitoring stations. CO levels showed the most significant reductions (30.3-48.5{\%}) since they were related to light-duty vehicular emissions. NO(2) also showed reductions while PM(10) levels were only reduced in the first lockdown week. In April, an increase in vehicular flux and movement of people was observed mainly as a consequence of the lack of consensus about the importance and need of social distancing and lockdown. Ozone concentrations increased probably due to the decrease in nitrogen oxides level. When comparing with the same period of 2019, NO(2) and CO median values were 24.1-32.9 and 37.0-43.6{\%} lower. Meteorological interferences, mainly the transport of pollutants from the industrial areas might have also impacted the results.},
author = {Dantas, Guilherme and Siciliano, Bruno and Fran{\c{c}}a, Bruno Boscaro and da Silva, Cleyton M and Arbilla, Graciela},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139085},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,Brazil,Carbon Monoxide,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Environmental Monitoring,Humans,Nitrogen Dioxide,Ozone,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral,Sulfur Dioxide},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139085},
pmid = {32361428},
title = {{The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de  Janeiro, Brazil.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Huang2020,
abstract = {Recent research suggests that SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals can be highly  infectious while asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic, and that an infected person may infect 5.6 other individuals on average. This situation highlights the need for rapid, sensitive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic assays capable of high-throughput operation that can preferably utilize existing equipment to facilitate broad, large-scale screening efforts. We have developed a CRISPR-based assay that can meet all these criteria. This assay utilizes a custom CRISPR Cas12a/gRNA complex and a fluorescent probe to detect target amplicons produced by standard RT-PCR or isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), to allow sensitive detection at sites not equipped with real-time PCR systems required for qPCR diagnostics. We found this approach allowed sensitive and robust detection of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, with a sample-to-answer time of {\~{}}50 min, and a limit of detection of 2 copies per sample. CRISPR assay diagnostic results obtained nasal swab samples of individuals with suspected COVID-19 cases were comparable to paired results from a CDC-approved quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay performed in a state testing lab, and superior to those produced by same assay in a clinical lab, where the RT-qPCR assay exhibited multiple invalid or inconclusive results. Our assay also demonstrated greater analytical sensitivity and more robust diagnostic performance than other recently reported CRISPR-based assays. Based on these findings, we believe that a CRISPR-based fluorescent application has potential to improve current COVID-19 screening efforts.},
author = {Huang, Zhen and Tian, Di and Liu, Yang and Lin, Zhen and Lyon, Christopher J and Lai, Weihua and Fusco, Dahlene and Drouin, Arnaud and Yin, Xiaoming and Hu, Tony and Ning, Bo},
doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2020.112316},
issn = {1873-4235 (Electronic)},
journal = {Biosensors {\&} bioelectronics},
keywords = {Base Sequence,Betacoronavirus,Biosensing Techniques,CRISPR-Cas Systems,Coronavirus Infections,Fluorescent Dyes,Genes, Viral,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing,Humans,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Predictive Value of Tests,RNA, Viral,Reproducibility of Results,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction,Sensitivity and Specificity,analysis,diagnosis,genetics,isolation {\&} purification,methods,statistics {\&} numerical data,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {112316},
pmid = {32553350},
title = {{Ultra-sensitive and high-throughput CRISPR-p owered COVID-19 diagnosis.}},
volume = {164},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Church2020a,
author = {Church, Lauren Elizabeth and Nagi, Gurnoor},
booktitle = {Pediatric blood {\&} cancer},
doi = {10.1002/pbc.28634},
issn = {1545-5017 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {e28634},
pmid = {32743940},
title = {{Comment on: Frequency of face touching with and without a mask in pediatric  hematology/oncology health care professionals: For application to the COVID-19 pandemic.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Daughton2020a,
author = {Daughton, Christian G},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100028},
issn = {2590-1133 (Electronic)},
journal = {Global epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
pages = {100028},
pmid = {32501449},
title = {{Response to: Broadbent 2020, Better the drug you know: Commentary on "Daughton 2020,  Natural experiment concept to accelerate the re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19".}},
volume = {2},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Smither2020,
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, may be transmitted via  airborne droplets or contact with surfaces onto which droplets have deposited. In this study, the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to survive in the dark, at two different relative humidity values and within artificial saliva, a clinically relevant matrix, was investigated. SARS-CoV-2 was found to be stable, in the dark, in a dynamic small particle aerosol under the four experimental conditions we tested and viable virus could still be detected after 90 minutes. The decay rate and half-life was determined and decay rates ranged from 0.4 to 2.27 {\%} per minute and the half lives ranged from 30 to 177 minutes for the different conditions. This information can be used for advice and modelling and potential mitigation strategies.},
author = {Smither, Sophie J and Eastaugh, Lin S and Findlay, James S and Lever, Mark S},
booktitle = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1777906},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Aerosols,Air Microbiology,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Culture Media,Darkness,Humans,Humidity,Kinetics,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Saliva, Artificial,Salvia,chemistry,genetics,growth {\&} development,radiation effects,transmission,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1415--1417},
pmid = {32496967},
title = {{Experimental aerosol survival of SARS-CoV-2 in artificial saliva and tissue culture  media at medium and high humidity.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Lee2020a,
author = {Lee, Yeon Joo and Lim, Youngeun and Hur, Kyu Wha and Sung, Heungsup and Kim, Mi-Na},
booktitle = {Annals of laboratory medicine},
doi = {10.3343/alm.2020.40.6.490},
issn = {2234-3814 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Magnetics,Nasopharynx,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Quality Control,RNA, Viral,Reagent Kits, Diagnostic,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Republic of Korea,Sputum,diagnosis,genetics,isolation {\&} purification,metabolism,standards,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {6},
pages = {490--492},
pmid = {32539306},
title = {{Quality of Ribonucleic Acid Extraction for Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR  (rRT-PCR) of SARS-CoV-2: Importance of Internal Control Monitoring.}},
volume = {40},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Huynh2020,
abstract = {This paper is the first to examine the role of the cultural dimension in practising  social distancing across the world. By drawing the data from the Google COVID-19 community mobility reports and the Hofstede cultural factors for 58 countries over the period from 16 February to 29 March 2020, we find that countries with higher 'Uncertainty Avoidance Index' predict the lower proportion of people gathering in public such as retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, workplaces. However, we do not find any predictive factor in having a relationship with the percentage of citizens staying in their residential areas. Our results are robust by adding the control variable as the wealth status, GDP per capita. Hence, this paper suggests some effective communications to contain the COVID-19 pandemic by emphasizing the role of uncertainties.},
author = {Huynh, Toan Luu Duc},
doi = {10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104872},
issn = {0925-7535 (Print)},
journal = {Safety science},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {104872},
pmid = {32550745},
title = {{Does culture matter social distancing under the COVID-19 pandemic?}},
volume = {130},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Kilicaslan2020,
author = {Kilicaslan, Alper and Kekec, Ahmet Fevzi and Eren, Ayse Seda and Uzun, Sema Tuncer},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109853},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109853},
pmid = {32361283},
title = {{Peripheral nerve blocks in a patient with suspected COVID-19 infection.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Ahuja2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is taking a colossal toll in human suffering and lives. A  significant amount of new scientific research and data sharing is underway due to the pandemic which is still rapidly spreading. There is now a growing amount of coronavirus related datasets as well as published papers that must be leveraged along with artificial intelligence (AI) to fight this pandemic by driving news approaches to drug discovery, vaccine development, and public awareness. AI can be used to mine this avalanche of new data and papers to extract new insights by cross-referencing papers and searching for patterns that AI algorithms could help discover new possible treatments or help in vaccine development. Drug discovery is not a trivial task and AI technologies like deep learning can help accelerate this process by helping predict which existing drugs, or brand-new drug-like molecules could treat COVID-19. AI techniques can also help disseminate vital information across the globe and reduce the spread of false information about COVID-19. The positive power and potential of AI must be harnessed in the fight to slow the spread of COVID-19 in order to save lives and limit the economic havoc due to this horrific disease.},
author = {Ahuja, Abhimanyu S and Reddy, Vineet Pasam and Marques, Oge},
booktitle = {Integrative medicine research},
doi = {10.1016/j.imr.2020.100434},
issn = {2213-4220 (Print)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {100434},
pmid = {32632356},
title = {{Artificial intelligence and COVID-19: A multidisciplinary approach.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Fan2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) may alter the immune status and thus  increase the susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with MS or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). However, evidence supporting this notion is currently lacking. In this study, we conducted a survey on the risk of COVID-19 in patients with MS and NMOSD. METHODS: The survey was conducted through the Chinese Medical Network for Neuroinflammation. Patients in 10 MS centers from 8 cities including Wuhan were included. Information about MS and NMOSD disease duration and the usage of DMDs were collected. Data of suspected cases of COVID-19 were obtained from hospital visits, questionnaires, and patient self-reporting. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was confirmed through clinical evaluation by a panel of experts in conjunction with chest CT and viral RNA detection. RESULTS: Eight hundred eighty-two of 1,804 (48.89{\%}) patients with MS and 2,129 of 3,060 (69.58{\%}) patients with NMOSD were receiving DMDs. There were no alterations in the patients' DMD regimen during January 15, 2020, to March 15, 2020, the 3-month period. None of the patients with MS treated with DMDs had COVID-19. However, 2 patients with relapsing NMOSD were diagnosed with COVID-19-related pneumonia. After treatment, both patients recovered from pneumonia and neither patient experienced new attacks due to predisposing SARS-CoV-2 infection in the following 2 months. CONCLUSIONS: No increased risk of COVID-19 infection was observed in patients with MS or NMOSD, irrespective of whether these patients received DMDs. A battery of stringent preventive measures adopted by neurologists to reduce COVID-19 infection in these patients may have contributed to low risk of COVID-19 infection.},
author = {Fan, Moli and Qiu, Wei and Bu, Bitao and Xu, Yan and Yang, Huan and Huang, Dehui and Lau, Alexander Y and Guo, Jun and Zhang, Mei-Ni and Zhang, Xinghu and Yang, Chun-Sheng and Chen, Jingshan and Zheng, Pei and Liu, Qiang and Zhang, Chao and Shi, Fu-Dong},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000787},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {China,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Susceptibility,Humans,Immunologic Factors,Immunosuppressive Agents,Multiple Sclerosis,Neuromyelitis Optica,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk,drug therapy,epidemiology,therapeutic use},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32503092},
title = {{Risk of COVID-19 infection in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Adekunle2020,
abstract = {Clinical and epidemiological evidence has been advanced for human-to-human  transmission of the novel coronavirus rampaging the world since late 2019. Outliers in the human-to-human transmission are yet to be explored. In this study, we examined the spatial density and leaned statistical credence to the global debate. We constructed spatial variations of clusters that examined the nexus between COVID-19 attributable deaths and confirmed cases. We rely on publicly available data on confirmed cases and death across Africa to unravel the unobserved factors, that could be responsible for the spread of COVID-19. We relied on the dynamic system generalised method of moment estimation procedure and found a {\~{}}0.045 Covid19 deaths as a result of confirmed cases in Africa. We accounted for cross-sectional dependence and found a basis for the strict orthogonal relationship. Policy measures were discussed.},
author = {Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade and Onanuga, Abayomi Toyin and Akinola, Olanrewaju Olugbenga and Ogunbanjo, Olakitan Wahab},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138998},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Africa,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Cross-Sectional Studies,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {138998},
pmid = {32361455},
title = {{Modelling spatial variations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Krbas2020,
abstract = {In this study, confirmed COVID-19 cases of Denmark, Belgium, Germany, France, United  Kingdom, Finland, Switzerland and Turkey were modeled with Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Nonlinear Autoregression Neural Network (NARNN) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) approaches. Six model performance metric were used to select the most accurate model (MSE, PSNR, RMSE, NRMSE, MAPE and SMAPE). According to the results of the first step of the study, LSTM was found the most accurate model. In the second stage of the study, LSTM model was provided to make predictions in a 14-day perspective that is yet to be known. Results of the second step of the study shows that the total cumulative case increase rate is expected to decrease slightly in many countries.},
author = {Kırbaş, İsmail and S{\"{o}}zen, Adnan and Tuncer, Azim Doğuş and Kazancıoğlu, Fikret Şinasi},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110015},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {110015},
pmid = {32565625},
title = {{Comparative analysis and forecasting of COVID-19 cases in various European countries  with ARIMA, NARNN and LSTM approaches.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Tabibi2020,
abstract = {In the 5 months since initial reports of COVID-19 came to light, the death toll due  to SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly increased. The morbidity and mortality of the infection varies based upon patient age, comorbid conditions, viral load, and the availability of effective treatments. Findings from limited autopsies, clinical observations, and laboratory data suggest that high cytokine levels and a procoagulant state can precipitate acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome in critically ill patients. To complicate matters, comorbidities may affect the response to medical treatments currently in use, all of which are still in trial phase. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) merits consideration in the treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients and is an avenue for clinical trials to pursue. If efficacious, faster recovery of patients may lead to shorter intensive care unit stays and less time on mechanical ventilation. Herein, we briefly discuss some of the various approaches currently being investigated for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on potential benefits of TPE for selected critically ill patients.},
author = {Tabibi, Seena and Tabibi, Tara and Conic, Rosalynn R Z and Banisaeed, Nassim and Streiff, Michael B},
doi = {10.1177/0885066620940259},
issn = {1525-1489 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of intensive care medicine},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {827--835},
pmid = {32666875},
title = {{Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: A potential Management Strategy for Critically Ill  COVID-19 Patients.}},
volume = {35},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zenker2020,
abstract = {Unquestionable, the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is one of the most impactful  events of the 21st century and has tremendous effects on tourism. While many tourism researchers worldwide are currently 'Covid-19 research gap spotting', we call for more deliberateness and rigor. While we agree that the coronavirus pandemic is unique and relevant to research, we argue that not all effects are worth researching or novel to us. Previous research on crises and disasters do show similar patterns and existing theories can often very well explain the current phenomena. Thus, six illustrative examples are shown how a research agenda could look like. This includes parts where theoretical explanations from tourism are missing, as well as where we think existing knowledge might be subject to a tourism paradigm-shift due to the coronavirus pandemic.},
author = {Zenker, Sebastian and Kock, Florian},
doi = {10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104164},
issn = {0261-5177 (Print)},
journal = {Tourism management},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
pages = {104164},
pmid = {32518437},
title = {{The coronavirus pandemic - A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda.}},
volume = {81},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Otmani2020,
abstract = {Covid-19 was first reported in Morocco on March 2, 2020. Since then, to prevent its  propagation, the Moroccan government declared a state of health emergency. A set of rapid and strict countermeasures have taken, including locking down cities, limiting population's mobility and prohibiting almost all avoidable activities. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate the changes in levels of some air pollutants (mainly PM(10), NO(2) and SO(2)) in Sal{\'{e}} city (North-Western Morocco) during the lockdown measures. In this context, a continuous measurement of PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) was carried before and during the Covid-19 lockdown period. As a consequence of the security measures and control actions undertaken, the emissions from vehicle exhaust and industrial production were significantly reduced, which contribute to the decrease in the concentrations of the studied pollutants. The obtained results showed that the difference between the concentrations recorded before and during the lockdown period were respectively 75{\%}, 49{\%} and 96{\%} for PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2). PM(10) levels were much less reduced than NO(2). The three-dimensional air mass backward trajectories, using the HYSPLIT model, demonstrated the benefits of PM(10) local emission reductions related to the lockdown were overwhelmed by the contribution of long-range transported aerosols outside areas. In addition, noteworthy differences in the air mass back trajectories and the meteorology between these two periods were evidenced.},
author = {Otmani, Anas and Benchrif, Abdelfettah and Tahri, Mounia and Bounakhla, Moussa and Chakir, El Mahjoub and {El Bouch}, Mohammed and Krombi, M'hamed},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139541},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Environmental Monitoring,Humans,Morocco,Nitrogen Dioxide,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral,Sulfur Dioxide,analysis},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {139541},
pmid = {32445829},
title = {{Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) concentrations in Sal{\'{e}} City  (Morocco).}},
volume = {735},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Cohen2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: It is nearly impossible to overestimate the burden of chronic pain,  which is associated with enormous personal and socioeconomic costs. Chronic pain is the leading cause of disability in the world, is associated with multiple psychiatric comorbidities, and has been causally linked to the opioid crisis. Access to pain treatment has been called a fundamental human right by numerous organizations. The current COVID-19 pandemic has strained medical resources, creating a dilemma for physicians charged with the responsibility to limit spread of the contagion and to treat the patients they are entrusted to care for. METHODS: To address these issues, an expert panel was convened that included pain management experts from the military, Veterans Health Administration, and academia. Endorsement from stakeholder societies was sought upon completion of the document within a one-week period. RESULTS: In these guidelines, we provide a framework for pain practitioners and institutions to balance the often-conflicting goals of risk mitigation for health care providers, risk mitigation for patients, conservation of resources, and access to pain management services. Specific issues discussed include general and intervention-specific risk mitigation, patient flow issues and staffing plans, telemedicine options, triaging recommendations, strategies to reduce psychological sequelae in health care providers, and resource utilization. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 public health crisis has strained health care systems, creating a conundrum for patients, pain medicine practitioners, hospital leaders, and regulatory officials. Although this document provides a framework for pain management services, systems-wide and individual decisions must take into account clinical considerations, regional health conditions, government and hospital directives, resource availability, and the welfare of health care providers.},
author = {Cohen, Steven P and Baber, Zafeer B and Buvanendran, Asokumar and McLean, Brian C and Chen, Yian and Hooten, W Michael and Laker, Scott R and Wasan, Ajay D and Kennedy, David J and Sandbrink, Friedhelm and King, Scott A and Fowler, Ian M and Stojanovic, Milan P and Hayek, Salim M and Phillips, Christopher R},
doi = {10.1093/pm/pnaa127},
issn = {1526-4637 (Electronic)},
journal = {Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.)},
keywords = {Analgesics, Opioid,Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal,Appointments and Schedules,Betacoronavirus,Chronic Pain,Coronavirus Infections,Disinfection,Glucocorticoids,Health Services Accessibility,Humans,Injections,Injections, Intra-Articular,Mass Screening,Military Medicine,Pain Management,Pandemics,Personal Protective Equipment,Personnel Staffing and Scheduling,Pneumonia, Viral,Practice Guidelines as Topic,Public Health,Societies, Medical,Substance Withdrawal Syndrome,Telemedicine,Triage,Trigger Points,United States,United States Department of Veterans Affairs,diagnosis,epidemiology,methods,therapeutic use,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {nov},
number = {7},
pages = {1331--1346},
pmid = {32259247},
title = {{Pain Management Best Practices from Multispecialty Organizations During the COVID-19  Pandemic and Public Health Crises.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Li2020a,
abstract = {The outbreak of COVID-19 has spreaded rapidly across the world. To control the rapid  dispersion of the virus, China has imposed national lockdown policies to practise social distancing. This has led to reduced human activities and hence primary air pollutant emissions, which caused improvement of air quality as a side-product. To investigate the air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the YRD Region, we apply the WRF-CAMx modelling system together with monitoring data to investigate the impact of human activity pattern changes on air quality. Results show that human activities were lowered significantly during the period: industrial operations, VKT, constructions in operation, etc. were significantly reduced, leading to lowered SO(2), NO(x), PM(2.5) and VOCs emissions by approximately 16-26{\%}, 29-47{\%}, 27-46{\%} and 37-57{\%} during the Level I and Level II response periods respectively. These emission reduction has played a significant role in the improvement of air quality. Concentrations of PM(2.5), NO(2) and SO(2) decreased by 31.8{\%}, 45.1{\%} and 20.4{\%} during the Level I period; and 33.2{\%}, 27.2{\%} and 7.6{\%} during the Level II period compared with 2019. However, ozone did not show any reduction and increased greatly. Our results also show that even during the lockdown, with primary emissions reduction of 15{\%}-61{\%}, the daily average PM(2.5) concentrations range between 15 and 79 $\mu$g m(-3), which shows that background and residual pollutions are still high. Source apportionment results indicate that the residual pollution of PM(2.5) comes from industry (32.2-61.1{\%}), mobile (3.9-8.1{\%}), dust (2.6-7.7{\%}), residential sources (2.1-28.5{\%}) in YRD and 14.0-28.6{\%} contribution from long-range transport coming from northern China. This indicates that in spite of the extreme reductions in primary emissions, it cannot fully tackle the current air pollution. Re-organisation of the energy and industrial strategy together with trans-regional joint-control for a full long-term air pollution plan need to be further taken into account.},
author = {Li, Li and Li, Qing and Huang, Ling and Wang, Qian and Zhu, Ansheng and Xu, Jian and Liu, Ziyi and Li, Hongli and Shi, Lishu and Li, Rui and Azari, Majid and Wang, Yangjun and Zhang, Xiaojuan and Liu, Zhiqiang and Zhu, Yonghui and Zhang, Kun and Xue, Shuhui and Ooi, Maggie Chel Gee and Zhang, Dongping and Chan, Andy},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139282},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Air Pollutants,Air Pollution,Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Environmental Monitoring,Human Activities,Humans,Pandemics,Particulate Matter,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139282},
pmid = {32413621},
title = {{Air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta  Region: An insight into the impact of human activity pattern changes on air pollution variation.}},
volume = {732},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yao2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is creating a havoc situation across the globe that modern  society has ever seen. Despite of their paramount importance, the transmission routes of SARS-Cov-2 still remain debated among various sectors. Evidences compiled here strongly suggest that the COVID-19 could be transmitted via air in inadequately ventilated environments. Existing experimental data showed that coronavirus survival was negatively impacted by ozone, high temperature and low humidity. Here, regression analysis showed that the spread of SARS-Cov-2 was reduced by increasing ambient ozone concentration level from 48.83 to 94.67 $\mu$g/m(3) (p-value = 0.039) and decreasing relative humidity from 23.33 to 82.67{\%} (p-value = 0.002) and temperature from -13.17 to 19 °C) (p-value = 0.003) observed for Chinese cities during Jan-March 2020. Besides using these environmental implications, social distancing and wearing a mask are strongly encouraged to maximize the fight against the COVID-19 airborne transmission. At no other time than now are the scientists in various disciplines around the world badly needed by the society to collectively confront this disastrous pandemic.},
author = {Yao, Maosheng and Zhang, Lu and Ma, Jianxin and Zhou, Lian},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139178},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,transmission},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139178},
pmid = {32388162},
title = {{On airborne transmission and control of SARS-Cov-2.}},
volume = {731},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mandal2020,
abstract = {Stone quarrying and crushing spits huge stone dust to the environment and causes  threats to ecosystem components as well as human health. Imposing emergency lockdown to stop infection of COVID 19 virus on 24.03.2020 in India has created economic crisis but it has facilitated environment to restore its quality. Global scale study has already proved the qualitative improvement of air quality but its possible impact at regional level is not investigated yet. Middle catchment of Dwarka river basin of Eastern India is well known for stone quarrying and crushing and therefore the region is highly polluted. The present study has attempted to explore the impact of forced lockdown on environmental components like Particulate matter (PM) 10, Land surface temperature (LST), river water quality, noise using image and field derived data in pre and during lockdown periods. Result clearly exhibits that Maximum PM(10) concentration was 189 to 278 $\mu$g/m(3) in pre lockdown period and it now ranges from 50 to 60 $\mu$g/m(3) after 18 days of the commencement of lockdown in selected four stone crushing clusters. LST is reduced by 3-5 °C, noise level is dropped to {\textless}65dBA which was above 85dBA in stone crusher dominated areas in pre lockdown period. Adjacent river water is qualitatively improved due to stoppage of dust release to the river. For instance, total dissolve solid (TDS) level in river water adjacent to crushing unit is attenuated by almost two times. When entire world is worried about the appropriate policies for abating environmental pollution, this emergency lockdown shows an absolute way i.e. pollution source management may restore environment and ecosystem with very rapid rate.},
author = {Mandal, Indrajit and Pal, Swades},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139281},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Ecosystem,Environmental Monitoring,Humans,India,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139281},
pmid = {32417554},
title = {{COVID-19 pandemic persuaded lockdown effects on environment over stone quarrying and  crushing areas.}},
volume = {732},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lee2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which  originated in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in late December 2019, is the cause of ongoing pandemic. We analyzed the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, a classification of the Chinese medicine dialectic and treatment regimen, and promptly enacted the recommendation of Korean medicine preparations in herbal medicine covered under domestic medical insurance benefits depending on the circumstances in our country. METHOD: The clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 was developed based on consensus from a group of experts. RESULTS: Two kinds of herbal medicines (HM) were recommended for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2; Youngyopaedoc-san plus Bojungikgitang, and Youngyopaedoc-san plus Saengmaek-san. Two herbal preparations were recommended for people with a history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2; Youngyopaedoc-san plus Bulhwangeumjeonggi-san, and Youngyopaedoc-san plus Bojungikgi-tang. Three herbal preparations were recommended for mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients; Youngyopaedoc-san plus Galgunhaegui-tang was recommended for those without pneumonia with wind-warmth disease invading the lungs; Sosiho-tang plus Bulhwangeumjeonggi-san was recommended for those with dampness-heat disease in the lungs. For the recovery stage, Samchulkunbi-tang plus Saengmaek-san, or Samchulkunbi-tang plus Chungseuiki-tang was recommended. CONCLUSION: The CPG was developed to guide the use of Korean herbal medicine in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, and it is expected that this will be the basis for providing proper treatment of similar infectious diseases in the future.},
author = {Lee, Beom-Joon and Lee, Ju Ah and Kim, Kwan-Il and Choi, Jun-Yong and Jung, Hee-Jae},
doi = {10.1016/j.imr.2020.100470},
issn = {2213-4220 (Print)},
journal = {Integrative medicine research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {100470},
pmid = {32691002},
title = {{A consensus guideline of herbal medicine for coronavirus disease 2019.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sureda2020,
abstract = {In December 2019, many pneumonia cases with unidentified sources appeared in Wuhan,  Hubei, China, with clinical symptoms like viral pneumonia. Deep sequencing analysis of samples from lower respiratory tract revealed a novel coronavirus, called 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Currently there is a rapid global spread. World Health Organization declare the disease a pandemic condition. The pathologic source of this disease was a new RNA virus from Coronaviridae family, which was named COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 entry starts with the binding of the spike glycoprotein expressed on the viral envelope to ACE2 on the alveolar surface followed by clathrin-dependent endocytosis of the SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 complex. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cells through endocytosis process, which is possibly facilitated, via a pH dependent endosomal cysteine protease cathepsins. Once inside the cells, SARS-CoV-2 exploits the endogenous transcriptional machinery of alveolar cells to replicate and spread through the entire lung. Endosomal acidic pH for SARS-CoV-2 processing and internalization is critical. After entering the cells, it possibly activates or hijack many intracellular pathways in favor of its replication. In the current opinion article, we will explain the possible involvement of unfolded protein response as a cellular stress response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
author = {Sureda, Antoni and Alizadeh, Javad and Nabavi, Seyed Fazel and Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana and Cismaru, Cosmin Andrei and Jeandet, Philippe and {\L}os, Marek J and Clementi, Emilio and Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad and Ghavami, Saeid},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173288},
issn = {1879-0712 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of pharmacology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {173288},
pmid = {32561291},
title = {{Endoplasmic reticulum as a potential therapeutic target for covid-19 infection  management?}},
volume = {882},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Allen2020,
author = {Allen, Claire and {Heaven Taylor}, Ben and Winchester, Chris},
doi = {10.1016/j.imr.2020.100468},
issn = {2213-4220 (Print)},
journal = {Integrative medicine research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {100468},
pmid = {32691001},
title = {{COVID-19 - Where should we go now?}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yox2020,
author = {Yox, Emily},
doi = {10.1097/PHH.0000000000001229},
issn = {1550-5022 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {510--511},
pmid = {32732728},
title = {{Anticipating Mental Health and Substance Use Challenges in the Aftermath of  COVID-19: What the World Can Teach Local Health Departments.}},
volume = {26},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Kim2020,
author = {Kim, Young Jin and Sung, Heungsup and Ki, Chang-Seok and Hur, Mina},
booktitle = {Annals of laboratory medicine},
doi = {10.3343/alm.2020.40.5.349},
issn = {2234-3814 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Republic of Korea,Time Factors,diagnosis,genetics,isolation {\&} purification},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {349--350},
pmid = {32237287},
title = {{COVID-19 Testing in South Korea: Current Status and the Need for Faster Diagnostics.}},
volume = {40},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Wu2020,
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the defining global health  crisis of our time and the greatest challenge facing the world. Meteorological parameters are reportedly crucial factors affecting respiratory infectious disease epidemics; however, the effect of meteorological parameters on COVID-19 remains controversial. This study investigated the effects of temperature and relative humidity on daily new cases and daily new deaths of COVID-19, which has useful implications for policymakers and the public. Daily data on meteorological conditions, new cases and new deaths of COVID-19 were collected for 166 countries (excluding China) as of March 27, 2020. Log-linear generalized additive model was used to analyze the effects of temperature and relative humidity on daily new cases and daily new deaths of COVID-19, with potential confounders controlled for, including wind speed, median age of the national population, Global Health Security Index, Human Development Index and population density. Our findings revealed that temperature and relative humidity were both negatively related to daily new cases and deaths. A 1 °C increase in temperature was associated with a 3.08{\%} (95{\%} CI: 1.53{\%}, 4.63{\%}) reduction in daily new cases and a 1.19{\%} (95{\%} CI: 0.44{\%}, 1.95{\%}) reduction in daily new deaths, whereas a 1{\%} increase in relative humidity was associated with a 0.85{\%} (95{\%} CI: 0.51{\%}, 1.19{\%}) reduction in daily new cases and a 0.51{\%} (95{\%} CI: 0.34{\%}, 0.67{\%}) reduction in daily new deaths. The results remained robust when different lag structures and the sensitivity analysis were used. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic may be partially suppressed with temperature and humidity increases. However, active measures must be taken to control the source of infection, block transmission and prevent further spread of COVID-19.},
author = {Wu, Yu and Jing, Wenzhan and Liu, Jue and Ma, Qiuyue and Yuan, Jie and Wang, Yaping and Du, Min and Liu, Min},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139051},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Humidity,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Temperature},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139051},
pmid = {32361460},
title = {{Effects of temperature and humidity on the daily new cases and new deaths of  COVID-19 in 166 countries.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Putman2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Antirheumatic disease therapies have been used to treat coronavirus  disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe the current evidence. METHODS: A search of published and preprint databases in all languages was performed. Included studies described one or more relevant clinical outcomes in five or more people who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and were treated with antirheumatic disease therapy between 01/01/2019 and 05/29/2020. Pairs of reviewers screened articles and extracted data and assessed risk of bias. A meta-analysis of effect sizes using the random-effects models was performed when possible. RESULTS: The search identified 3,935 articles, of which 45 were included (4 randomized controlled trials, 29 cohort studies, and 12 case series). All studies evaluated hospitalized patients and 29 out of 45 had been published in a peer-reviewed journal. In a meta-analysis of three cohort studies with a low risk of bias, hydroxychloroquine use was not significantly associated with mortality (pooled hazard ratio (HR) 1.41, 95{\%} confidence interval (CI) 0.83-2.42). In a meta-analysis of two cohort studies with some concerns/high risk of bias, anakinra use was associated with lower mortality (pooled HR 0.2, 95{\%} CI 0.1-0.4). Evidence was inconclusive with regard to other antirheumatic disease therapies and the majority of other studies had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSION: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, hydroxychloroquine use was not associated with benefit or harm with regard to COVID-19 mortality. The evidence supporting the effect of other antirheumatic disease therapies in COVID-19 is currently inconclusive.},
author = {Putman, Michael and Chock, Yu Pei Eugenia and Tam, Herman and Kim, Alfred H J and Sattui, Sebastian E and Berenbaum, Francis and Danila, Maria I and Korsten, Peter and Sanchez-Alvarez, Catalina and Sparks, Jeffrey A and Coates, Laura C and Palmerlee, Candace and Peirce, Andrea and Jayatilleke, Arundathi and Johnson, Sindhu R and Kilian, Adam and Liew, Jean and Prokop, Larry J and Murad, M Hassan and Grainger, Rebecca and Wallace, Zachary S and Duarte-Garc{\'{i}}a, Al{\'{i}}},
doi = {10.1002/art.41469},
institution = {COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance},
issn = {2326-5205 (Electronic)},
journal = {Arthritis {\&} rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32741139},
title = {{Antirheumatic Disease Therapies for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review  and Meta-analysis.}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Lionis2020,
author = {Lionis, Christos and Petelos, Elena},
booktitle = {The European journal of general practice},
doi = {10.1080/13814788.2020.1791073},
issn = {1751-1402 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Family Practice,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {104--105},
pmid = {32674618},
title = {{Challenges, priorities and tasks for the generalists at the time of COVID-19  pandemic.}},
volume = {26},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Simmons2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Prolonged survival of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces and personal  protective equipment may lead to these surfaces transmitting disease to others. This article reports the effectiveness of a pulsed xenon ultraviolet disinfection system in reducing the load of SARS-CoV-2 on hard surfaces and N95 respirators. METHODS: Chamber slides and N95 respirator material were directly inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 and exposed to different durations of pulsed xenon ultraviolet disinfection. RESULTS: For hard surfaces, disinfection for 1, 2, and 5 minutes resulted in 3{\textperiodcentered}53 Log10, {\textgreater}4{\textperiodcentered}54 Log10, and {\textgreater}4{\textperiodcentered}12 Log10 reductions in viral load, respectively. For N95 respirators, disinfection for 5 minutes resulted in {\textgreater}4{\textperiodcentered}79 Log10 reduction in viral load. We found that pulsed xenon ultraviolet significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2 on hard surfaces and N95 respirators. CONCLUSION: With the potential to rapidly disinfectant environmental surfaces and N95 respirators, pulsed xenon ultraviolet devices are a promising technology for the reduction of environmental and personal protective equipment bioburden and to enhance both healthcare worker and patient safety by reducing the risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.},
author = {Simmons, Sarah and Carrion, Ricardo and Alfson, Kendra and Staples, Hilary and Jinadatha, Chetan and Jarvis, William and Sampathkumar, Priya and Chemaly, Roy F and Khawaja, Fareed and Povroznik, Mark and Jackson, Stephanie and Kaye, Keith S and Rodriguez, Robert M and Stibich, Mark},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2020.399},
issn = {1559-6834 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--19},
pmid = {32741425},
title = {{Deactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with Pulsed Xenon Ultraviolet: implications for  environmental COVID-19 control.}},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Ojha2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been responsible for the  devastation of hundreds of thousands of lives directly and has caused disruptions globally. Vulnerable populations, specifically those suffering from serious mental illness and homelessness, are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 infection resulting in medical complications and psychiatric destabilization. In addition, mental health has become increasingly relevant throughout the country given the psychological distress people have been facing due to the spread of COVID-19 and the toll of a more restricted way of living. Although the healthcare industry has quickly integrated novel ways of treating patients with mental illness with technological advances, these technologies are not applicable to different populations equally. There is a clear disparity that is represented within the public county health systems, which leads to a widening gap between those who receive adequate treatment for mental illness and those who do not. AIMS: The aims of this paper were to provide a commentary on the benefits of technology-based psychiatric and psychological interventions based off experience in a public health system and based off a relevant, thorough literature review. In addition, we aim to highlight the importance of accessibility of these interventions for vulnerable populations and provide recommendations for integrating these services expeditiously. METHODS: Literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar. CONCLUSIONS: Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. Within a public county health system, there are barriers with providing mental healthcare to vulnerable populations. These barriers, which are applicable throughout the United States, serve as a rationale for the need of innovative solutions for the integration of these services in not only emergency situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, but also in daily non-emergent operations to sufficiently address the needs for those needing mental healthcare.},
author = {Ojha, Rashi and Syed, Saba},
booktitle = {Internet interventions},
doi = {10.1016/j.invent.2020.100330},
issn = {2214-7829 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100330},
pmid = {32542180},
title = {{Challenges faced by mental health providers and patients during the coronavirus 2019  pandemic due to technological barriers.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Schell2020,
abstract = {This paper studies the differences in stock market reactions to the same kind of  disease-related news by analyzing abnormal returns of global stock markets during Public Health Risk Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) announcements. Drawing the data from 26 stock market indices over the period from 22 April 2008 to 12 March 2020, we compare stock market reactions to all six PHEIC announcements made by the World Health Organization since 2009. Although the PHEIC announcements can be categorized as the same type of event, we found no consistent patterns in market reactions. The markets did not show significant reactions in a 30-day event window, which suggests a relatively low economic impact of the diseases on a global scale during this time, except for Covid-19. Among all diseases included in our study, only Covid-19 had a significant negative effect on stock markets at least lasting 30 days.},
author = {Schell, Daniel and Wang, Mei and Huynh, Toan Luu Duc},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100349},
issn = {2214-6350 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of behavioral and experimental finance},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100349},
pmid = {32550128},
title = {{This time is indeed different: A study on global market reactions to public health  crisis.}},
volume = {27},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kudaravalli2020,
abstract = {Coronoviraus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected over two million people worldwide  and the number keeps growing every day. While the pulmonary complications of COVID-19 are obvious, the effect of the virus on the other organs and the chronicity of the organ dysfunction remain unknown. The virus causes a debilitating infection with multiorgan injury and has a high mortality rate estimated to be around 3.70{\%}. Several hypotheses are formulated to explain the liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients which include collateral damage from cytokine storm, drug-induced liver injury, viral-induced hepatitis and hypoxia-induced damage. Through this case series, we would like to highlight that liver enzyme abnormalities are often seen in COVID-19 patients and would like to highlight that physicians need to serially monitor biochemical testing until the liver enzymes return to baseline. Physicians also need to be vigilant of liver enzyme abnormalities in these patients, especially before starting new medications.},
author = {Kudaravalli, Pujitha and Saleem, Sheikh A and Ibeche, Bashar and John, Savio},
doi = {10.1097/MEG.0000000000001806},
issn = {1473-5687 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of gastroenterology {\&} hepatology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1244--1250},
pmid = {32568805},
title = {{Case series and review of liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.}},
volume = {32},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Arapovic2020,
abstract = {The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute  respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still progressing and has been recorded in more than 210 countries and territories worldwide. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the first cases of COVID- 19 were detected on March 5, 2020 in the entity of the Republic of Srpska and on March 9, 2020 in the entity of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. By May 16, 2020, more than 2,200 COVID-19 cases had been recorded in both entities, with a mortality rate of 5.8{\%} (131 of 2,231 cases). The aim of this ongoing study is to present the current epidemiological and sociodemographic parameters of 380 COVID-19 patients diagnosed at the University Clinical Hospital Mostar (UCH Mostar) during the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of those 380 patients, 60 (15.8{\%}) required hospitalization. The mortality rate was 5{\%} (19/380). The highest mortality rate (15.2{\%}, 12/79) was recorded in the patients aged ≥65 years. In addition to this single-center experience of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we discuss the epidemiological mea-sures imposed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with an emphasis on the restrictive measures. The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing in Bosnia and Herzegovina.},
author = {Arapovi{\'{c}}, Jurica and Sko{\v{c}}ibu{\v{s}}i{\'{c}}, Sini{\v{s}}a},
doi = {10.17305/bjbms.2020.4838},
issn = {1840-4812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Betacoronavirus,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Child,Child, Preschool,Coronavirus Infections,Cross-Sectional Studies,Female,Hospitalization,Humans,Infant,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Survival Rate,Young Adult,diagnosis,epidemiology,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {3},
pages = {396--400},
pmid = {32464084},
title = {{The first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina:  Single-center experience.}},
volume = {20},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Teng2020,
author = {Teng, Ziwei and Wei, Zirou and Qiu, Yan and Tan, Yuxi and Chen, Jindong and Tang, Hui and Wu, Haishan and Wu, Renrong and Huang, Jing},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.032},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {247--252},
pmid = {32734915},
title = {{Psychological status and fatigue of frontline staff two months after the COVID-19  pandemic outbreak in China: A cross-sectional study.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Zitelny2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the practice medicine on a global  scale during the year 2020. With fewer patients presenting to hospitals with the diagnosis of STEMI, healthcare workers are wondering what is causing this decline. This piece presents data from two medical centers and addresses several possible causes to explain this phenomenon. It was found that there was a statistically significant decrease from January to March 2020 in number of presenting STEMI diagnoses.},
author = {Zitelny, Edan and Newman, Noah and Zhao, David},
booktitle = {Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular  Pathology},
doi = {10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107232},
issn = {1879-1336 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Academic Medical Centers,Acute Coronary Syndrome,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Incidence,North Carolina,Pandemics,Patient Acceptance of Health Care,Pneumonia, Viral,Risk Assessment,Risk Factors,ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction,Time Factors,diagnosis,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
pages = {107232},
pmid = {32454398},
title = {{STEMI during the COVID-19 Pandemic - An Evaluation of Incidence.}},
volume = {48},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Parisi2020,
abstract = {Regrettably, after a first moment of appreciation and praise of the citizens for  healthcare personnel facing COVID 19 pandemia, numerous episodes of actions taken against them on the issue of their legal liability followed. Impelling is to start an argumentation on this problem that aims to establish a shared conduct in dealing with them. The authors propose a basis for discussion on which to begin a constructive debate.},
author = {Parisi, Saverio G and Viel, Guido and Cecchi, Rossana and Montisci, Massimo},
booktitle = {Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)},
doi = {10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101718},
issn = {1873-4162 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Liability, Legal,Malpractice,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,legislation {\&} jurisprudence,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {101718},
pmid = {32512463},
title = {{COVID-19: The wrong target for healthcare liability claims.}},
volume = {46},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sheth2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown and social distancing mandates have disrupted  the consumer habits of buying as well as shopping. Consumers are learning to improvise and learn new habits. For example, consumers cannot go to the store, so the store comes to home. While consumers go back to old habits, it is likely that they will be modified by new regulations and procedures in the way consumers shop and buy products and services. New habits will also emerge by technology advances, changing demographics and innovative ways consumers have learned to cope with blurring the work, leisure, and education boundaries.},
author = {Sheth, Jagdish},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.059},
issn = {0148-2963 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of business research},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {280--283},
pmid = {32536735},
title = {{Impact of Covid-19 on consumer behavior: Will the old habits return or die?}},
volume = {117},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Wu2020b,
abstract = {With the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection outbreak and spread, serious cases  of infection and neonatal infection have been reported. Moreover, children show milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. The outpatient Department of Paediatrics has played a crucial role in the prevention and control of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in children. Based on previous experience and existing diagnosis and treatment guidelines, we present the relevant strategies of this particular paediatric outpatient department when responding to the epidemic. Conclusion: Concurrently, we hope that this article can act as a reference in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further modifications will be made in the future with the increase in clinical experience and changes in the disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
author = {Wu, Xiaobin and Li, Xuemei},
doi = {10.1002/ppul.25000},
issn = {1099-0496 (Electronic)},
journal = {Pediatric pulmonology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32741126},
title = {{Management Plan of a Paediatric Outpatient Department during the SARS-CoV-2  Epidemic.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Qin2020,
abstract = {Objective: To analyze the clinical features and death-related risk factors of  COVID-19. Methods: We enrolled 891 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University from December 2019 to February 2020, including 427 men and 464 women. Of the 891 cases, 582 were severe or critical, including 423(73{\%})severe and 159 (27{\%}) critical cases. We compared the demographics, laboratory findings, clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis data of the 582 severe patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the risk factors associated with death in COVID-19 patients. Results: The 582 severe patients included 293 males and 289 females, with a median age of 64(range 24 to 106). Sixty-three patients died, including 45 males and 18 females, with a median age of 71(range 37 to 90). The average onset time of the 582 patients was 8 days, of whom 461 (79{\%}) had fever, 358 (62{\%}) dry cough, 274 (47{\%}) fatigue. There were 206 cases with shortness of breath (35{\%}), 155 cases with expectoration (27{\%}), 83 cases with muscle pain or joint pain (14{\%}), 71 cases with diarrhea (12{\%}), and 29 cases with headache (4{\%}). Underlying diseases were present in 267 (46{\%}) patients, most commonly hypertension (194, 33{\%}), followed by diabetes (69, 12{\%}), coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (37, 6{\%}), tumor (18, 3{\%}), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (5, 1{\%}). Chest CT showed bilateral lung involvement in 505 patients (87{\%}). Upon admission, the median lymphocyte count of the 582 patients was 0.8(IQR, 0.6-1.1)×10(9)/L, the median D-dimer was 0.5 (IQR, 0.4- 0.8) mg/L, the median N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP) was 433 (IQR, 141- 806) pg/L, and the median creatinine was 70.3 (IQR, 56.9-87.9) $\mu$mol/L. The death group had a median lymphocyte count of 0.5 (0.4-0.8)×10(9)/L, D-dimer 1.1 (0.7-10.0)mg/L, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor 1479(893-5 087) pg/ml, and creatinine 89.9(67.1-125.3) $\mu$mol/L. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that increased D-dimer (OR: 1.095, 95{\%} CI: 1.045-1.148, P{\textless}0.001), increased NT-proBNP (OR: 4.759, 95{\%} CI: 2.437-9.291, P{\textless}0.001), and decreased lymphocyte count (OR: 0.180, 95{\%} CI: 0.059-0.550, P=0.003) were the risk factors of death in COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: The average onset time of severe COVID-19 was 8 days, and the most common symptoms were fever, dry cough and fatigue. Comorbidities such as hypertension were common and mostly accompanied by impaired organ functions on admission. Higher D-dimer, higher NT-proBNP, and lower lymphocyte count were the independent risk factors of death in COVID-19 patients.},
author = {Qin, W and Hu, B Z and Zhang, Z and Chen, S and Li, F J and Zhu, Z Y and Wang, X J and Liu, M and Li, C H},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200320-00380},
issn = {1001-0939 (Print)},
journal = {Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of  tuberculosis and respiratory diseases},
language = {chi},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {648--653},
pmid = {32727175},
title = {{[Clinical characteristics and death risk factors of severe COVID-19].}},
volume = {43},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ierardi2020,
abstract = {Preparedness for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread in  Italy called for setting up of adequately equipped and dedicated health facilities to manage sick patients while protecting healthcare workers, uninfected patients, and the community. In our country, in a short time span, the demand for critical care beds exceeded supply. A new sequestered hospital completely dedicated to intensive care (IC) for isolated COVID-19 patients needed to be designed, constructed, and deployed. Along with this new initiative, the new concept of "Pandemic Radiology Unit" was implemented as a practical solution to the emerging crisis, born out of a critical and urgent acute need. The present article describes logistics, planning, and practical design issues for such a pandemic radiology and critical care unit (e.g., space, infection control, safety of healthcare workers, etc.) adopted in the IC Hospital Unit for the care and management of COVID-19 patients.},
author = {Ierardi, Anna Maria and Wood, Bradford J and Arrichiello, Antonio and Bottino, Nicola and Bracchi, Laura and Forzenigo, Laura and Andrisani, Maria Carmela and Vespro, Valentina and Bonelli, Cristian and Amalou, Amel and Turkbey, Evrim B and Turkbey, Baris I and Granata, Giuseppe and Pinto, Antonio and Grasselli, Giacomo and Stocchetti, Nino and Carrafiello, Gianpaolo},
doi = {10.1007/s11547-020-01248-1},
issn = {1826-6983 (Electronic)},
journal = {La Radiologia medica},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {894--901},
pmid = {32654028},
title = {{Preparation of a radiology department in an Italian hospital dedicated to COVID-19  patients.}},
volume = {125},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Racke2020,
author = {Racke, Michael K and Newsome, Scott D},
booktitle = {Journal of neuroimmunology},
doi = {10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577283},
issn = {1872-8421 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Databases as Topic,Humans,Immunocompromised Host,Immunosuppressive Agents,Multiple Sclerosis,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Registries,drug therapy,immunology,therapeutic use,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {577283},
pmid = {32518058},
title = {{Multiple sclerosis and COVID-19: A great opportunity for databases promoting  research and collaboration.}},
volume = {345},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hasselgren2020,
abstract = {Today's COVID-19 pandemic offers many similarities with previous pandemics hitting  our country. In particular, the smallpox epidemics during the 1700s threatened the lives of multitudes and created panic and fear in the society, similar to the situation caused by the coronavirus. Remedies that were instituted, especially inoculations, were met with opposition and even violence when first introduced. The newspapers were filled with headlines reflecting the disputes. There was a "six feet rule" during the smallpox epidemics, although it had a different meaning than today. Politicians and other leaders of the society were engaged in the war against the infection. Boston became involved in the fight against the smallpox by Dr. Zabdiel Boylston's and Rev. Cotton Mather's introduction of inoculations. When George Washington realized the benefits of the procedure and ordered mass inoculations of the Continental Army, it became an important factor in winning not only the fight against smallpox but the Revolutionary War as well. Looking back at history, realizing that we have survived previous outbreaks of devastating diseases, can provide hope during the current pandemic.},
author = {Hasselgren, Per-Olof},
doi = {10.1007/s00268-020-05670-4},
issn = {1432-2323 (Electronic)},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {2837--2841},
pmid = {32623571},
title = {{The Smallpox Epidemics in America in the 1700s and the Role of the Surgeons: Lessons  to be Learned During the Global Outbreak of COVID-19.}},
volume = {44},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Abedi2020,
author = {Abedi, Mohsin and Abedi, Dina},
booktitle = {Medical education online},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1771245},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1771245},
pmid = {32449490},
title = {{A letter to the editor: the impact of COVID-19 on intercalating and non-clinical  medical students in the UK.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Dalakas2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To present the COVID-19-associated GBS, the prototypic viral-triggered  autoimmune disease, in the context of other emerging COVID-19-triggered autoimmunities, and discuss potential concerns with ongoing neuroimmunotherapies. METHODS: Eleven GBS cases in four key COVID-19 hotspots are discussed regarding presenting symptoms, response to therapies and cross-reactivity of COVID spike proteins with nerve glycolipids. Emerging cases of COVID-19-triggered autoimmune necrotizing myositis (NAM) and encephalopathies are also reviewed in the context of viral invasion, autoimmunity and ongoing immunotherapies. RESULTS: Collective data indicate that in this pandemic any patient presenting with an acute paralytic disease-like GBS, encephalomyelitis or myositis-even without systemic symptoms, may represent the first manifestation of COVID-19. Anosmia, ageusia, other cranial neuropathies and lymphocytopenia are red flags enhancing early diagnostic suspicion. In Miller-Fisher Syndrome, ganglioside antibodies against GD1b, instead of QG1b, were found; because the COVID-19 spike protein also binds to sialic acid-containing glycoproteins for cell-entry and anti-GD1b antibodies typically cause ataxic neuropathy, cross-reactivity between COVID-19-bearing gangliosides and peripheral nerve glycolipids was addressed. Elevated Creatine Kinase ({\textgreater}10,000) is reported in 10{\%} of COVID-19-infected patients; two such patients presented with painful muscle weakness responding to IVIg indicating that COVID-19-triggered NAM is an overlooked entity. Cases of acute necrotizing brainstem encephalitis, cranial neuropathies with leptomeningeal enhancement, and tumefactive postgadolinium-enhanced demyelinating lesions are now emerging with the need to explore neuroinvasion and autoimmunity. Concerns for modifications-if any-of chronic immunotherapies with steroids, mycophenolate, azathioprine, IVIg, and anti-B-cell agents were addressed; the role of complement in innate immunity to viral responses and anti-complement therapeutics (i.e. eculizumab) were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Emerging data indicate that COVID-19 can trigger not only GBS but other autoimmune neurological diseases necessitating vigilance for early diagnosis and therapy initiation. Although COVID-19 infection, like most other viruses, can potentially worsen patients with pre-existing autoimmunity, there is no evidence that patients with autoimmune neurological diseases stable on common immunotherapies are facing increased risks of infection.},
author = {Dalakas, Marinos C},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000781},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Guillain-Barre Syndrome,Humans,Male,Myositis,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,complications,diagnosis,etiology,immunology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32518172},
title = {{Guillain-Barr{\'{e}} syndrome: The first documented COVID-19-triggered autoimmune  neurologic disease: More to come with myositis in the offing.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Eimer2020,
abstract = {among patients with COVID-19 who require treatment in intensive care for acute  respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mortality rates have been reported between 16 - 78{\%} (1). In patients who are discharged alive, an increased risk of sequelae from COVID-19 is anticipated (2). The hyperinflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and is accompanied by an upregulated expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) that correlates with disease severity (3). Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the IL-6 receptor originally licensed for the use in rheumatoid arthritis, is also approved for treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-related cytokine release syndromes and secondary hemophagocytic syndromes that share important features with the hyperinflammatory phase in COVID-19. Several small studies from China and Europe have reported promising results of the treatment with tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19, preventing the need for admission to an intensive care unit and improving clinical outcomes (4,5). We aimed to evaluate the impact of treatment with tocilizumab compared to routine care on important clinical outcomes in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit with ARDS due to COVID-19.},
author = {Eimer, Johannes and Vesterbacka, Jan and Svensson, Anna-Karin and Stojanovic, Bertil and Wagrell, Charlotta and S{\"{o}}nnerborg, Anders and Nowak, Piotr},
booktitle = {Journal of internal medicine},
doi = {10.1111/joim.13162},
issn = {1365-2796 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32744399},
title = {{Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in  patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Novi2020,
author = {Novi, Giovanni and Rossi, Tommaso and Pedemonte, Enrico and Saitta, Laura and Rolla, Claudia and Roccatagliata, Luca and Inglese, Matilde and Farinini, Daniele},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000797},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {Ageusia,Brain,Coronavirus Infections,Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated,Evoked Potentials, Visual,Female,Glucocorticoids,Headache,Humans,Hypertension,Hypesthesia,Immunoglobulins, Intravenous,Immunologic Factors,Irritable Mood,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Methylprednisolone,Middle Aged,Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance,Olfaction Disorders,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prednisone,Pupil Disorders,Reflex, Abnormal,Spinal Cord,Vision Disorders,Visual Field Tests,complications,diagnostic  imaging,diagnostic imaging,etiology,physiopathology,therapeutic use,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32482781},
title = {{Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Wang2020c,
abstract = {• Many countries are taking quarantine measures because of the globally spread  transmission of the COVID-19, which may pose adverse psychological effects to people. • Hotline services is a great choice to provide psychological services for people in need since face-to-face social interaction are limited. • Hotline service should cover more than regular working hours. • To increase the answering seats of existing hotlines. • Training including both crisis intervention skills and COVID-19 pandemic related knowledge for volunteers before providing hotline services is recommended.},
author = {Wang, Jiali and Wei, Hualin and Zhou, Liang},
booktitle = {Journal of affective disorders},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.030},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {125--126},
pmid = {32658814},
title = {{Hotline services in China during COVID-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {275},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Venugopal2020,
abstract = {The novel coronavirus disease 2019, a pandemic of global concern, caused by the  novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has severely revealed the need for public monitoring and efficient screening techniques. Despite the various advancements made in the medical and research field, containment of this virus has proven to be difficult on several levels. As such, it is a necessary requirement to identify possible hotspots in the early stages of any disease. Based on previous studies carried out on coronaviruses, there is a high likelihood that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may also survive in wastewater. Hence, we propose the use of nanofiber filters as a wastewater pretreatment routine and upgradation of existing wastewater evaluation and treatment systems to serve as a beneficial surveillance tool.},
author = {Venugopal, Anila and Ganesan, Harsha and {Sudalaimuthu Raja}, Suresh Selvapuram and Govindasamy, Vivekanandhan and Arunachalam, Manimekalan and Narayanasamy, Arul and Sivaprakash, Palanisamy and Rahman, Pattanathu K S M and Gopalakrishnan, Abilash Valsala and Siama, Zothan and Vellingiri, Balachandar},
doi = {10.1016/j.coesh.2020.05.003},
issn = {2468-5844 (Electronic)},
journal = {Current opinion in environmental science {\&} health},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {8--13},
pmid = {32501429},
title = {{Novel wastewater surveillance strategy for early detection of coronavirus disease  2019 hotspots.}},
volume = {17},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Lone2020,
abstract = {The recently emerged novel coronavirus, "severe acute respiratory syndrome  coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)", caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus was first reported from Wuhan city in China in December, 2019, which in less than three months spread throughout the globe and was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th of March, 2020. So far, the ongoing pandemic severely damaged the world's most developed countries and is becoming a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. The poorest continent, Africa with the most vulnerable populations to infectious diseases, is predicted to be significantly affected by the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, in this review we collected and summarized the currently available literature on the epidemiology, etiology, vulnerability, preparedness and economic impact of COVID-19 in Africa, which could be useful and provide necessary information on ongoing COVID-19 pandemics in the continent. We also briefly summarized the concomitance of the COVID-19 pandemic and global warming.},
author = {Lone, Shabir Ahmad and Ahmad, Aijaz},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1775132},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Africa,Animals,Betacoronavirus,China,Chiroptera,Civil Defense,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Developing Countries,Europe,Humans,Incidence,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Travel,United States,World Health Organization,diagnosis,economics,epidemiology,methods,pathogenicity,transmission,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1300--1308},
pmid = {32458760},
title = {{COVID-19 pandemic - an African perspective.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Perez-Alba2020,
abstract = {Facemask use may promote face touching. We recorded patients with possible COVID-19  awaiting evaluation in an ambulatory clinic. Patients with a facemask touched their face 11.41 times on average and ranged up to 80 times. Mask use should be accompanied by hand hygiene and reminders not to touch one's face.},
author = {Perez-Alba, Eduardo and Nuzzolo-Shihadeh, Laura and Fonseca-Ruiz, Alejandro and Aguirre-Garc{\'{i}}a, Gloria Mayela and Hern{\'{a}}ndez-Guedea, Marco Antonio and Perez-Rodriguez, Edelmiro and Camacho-Ortiz, Adri{\'{a}}n},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2020.389},
issn = {1559-6834 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--8},
pmid = {32741391},
title = {{Frequency of facial touching in patients with suspected COVID-19 during their time  in the waiting room.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zhou2020,
abstract = {In December 2019, COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, China. The current study aimed to  explore the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 complicated by hypertension. In this retrospective, single-center study, we recruited 110 discharged patients with COVID-19 at Wuhan Fourth Hospital in Wuhan, China, from January 25 to February 20, 2020. All study cases were grouped according to whether they had a history of hypertension. Then, a subgroup analysis for all hypertensive patients was carried out based on whether to take ACEI or ARB drugs. The mean age of 110 patients was 57.7 years (range, 25-86 years), of which 60 (54.5{\%}) were male patients. The main underlying diseases included hypertension [36 (32.7{\%})] and diabetes [11 (10.0{\%})]. Compared with the non-hypertensive group, the lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the hypertensive group (average value, 0.96 × 10(9)/L vs 1.26 × 10(9)/L), and analysis of clinical outcomes showed that the crude mortality rate was higher in the hypertensive group [7/36 (19.4{\%}) vs 2/74 (2.7{\%})]. Patients treated with ACEI or ARB, compared with the control group, were younger (average age, 58.5 years vs 69.2 years), but there was no statistical difference in the crude cure rate [10/15 (66.7{\%}) vs 15/21 (71.4{\%})] and the crude mortality rate [2/15 (13.3{\%}) vs 5/21 (23.8{\%})]. In conclusions, the COVID-19 patients with a history of hypertension had a significantly lower lymphocyte count on admission. The elderly and comorbidities such as hypertension may together constitute risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Taking ACEI or ARB drugs may not change the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with hypertension.},
author = {Zhou, Xian and Zhu, Jingkang and Xu, Tao},
doi = {10.1080/10641963.2020.1764018},
issn = {1525-6006 (Electronic)},
journal = {Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993)},
keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors,Betacoronavirus,China,Comorbidity,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Hypertension,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prognosis,Renin-Angiotensin System,Retrospective Studies,Risk Factors,Survival Rate,drug therapy,epidemiology,physiology,therapeutic use,trends},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {7},
pages = {656--660},
pmid = {32404011},
title = {{Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with  hypertension on renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.}},
volume = {42},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Mishra2020,
abstract = {The latest version of human coronavirus said to be COVID-19 came out as a sudden  pandemic disease within human population and in the absence of vaccination and proper treatment till date, it daunting threats heavily to human lives, infecting more than 12, 11, 214 people and death more than 67, 666 people in 208 countries across the globe as on April 06, 2020, which is highly alarming. When no treatment or vaccine is available till date and to avoid COVID-19 to be transmitted in the community, social distancing is the only way to prevent the disease, which is well taken into account in our novel epidemic models as a special compartment, that is, home isolation. Based on the transmitting behavior of COVID-19 in the human population, we develop three quarantine models of this pandemic taking into account the compartments: susceptible population, immigrant population, home isolation population, infectious population, hospital quarantine population, and recovered population. Local and global asymptotic stability is proved for all the three models. Extensive numerical simulations are performed to establish the analytical results with suitable examples. Our research reveals that home isolation and quarantine to hospitals are the two pivot force-control policies under the present situation when no treatment is available for this pandemic.},
author = {Mishra, Bimal Kumar and Keshri, Ajit Kumar and Rao, Yerra Shankar and Mishra, Binay Kumar and Mahato, Buddhadeo and Ayesha, Syeda and Rukhaiyyar, Bansidhar Prasad and Saini, Dinesh Kumar and Singh, Aditya Kumar},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109928},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109928},
pmid = {32501378},
title = {{COVID-19 created chaos across the globe: Three novel quarantine epidemic models.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Li2020d,
abstract = {Infectious diseases still remain one of the biggest challenges for human health.  Accurate and early detection of infectious pathogens are crucial for transmission control, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. For a traditional reason, most immunological and microbiological laboratories are equipped with instruments designated for antibody-based assays in detection of infectious pathogens or clinical diagnosis. Emerging aptamer-based technologies have pushed a shift from antibody-based to aptamer-based assays due to equal specificity, even better sensitivity, lower manufacturing cost and more flexibility in amending for chemiluminescent, electrochemical or fluorescent detection in a multifaceted and high throughput fashion in comparison of aptamer-based to antibody-based assays. The nature of aptamer-based technologies is particularly suitable for point-of-care testing in remote areas at warm or hot atmosphere, and mass screening for potential infection in pandemic of emerging infectious agents, such as SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 in an epicentre or other regions. This review intends to summarize currently available aptamer-based technologies in detection of bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens for research and clinical application. It is anticipated that potential technologies will be further optimized and validated for clinical translation in meeting increasing demands for prompt, precise, and reliable detection of specific pathogens in various atmospheric conditions.},
author = {Li, Hui-Yan and Jia, Wan-Nan and Li, Xin-Yi and Zhang, Li and Liu, Chang and Wu, Jian},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1792352},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1671--1681},
pmid = {32623963},
title = {{Advances in detection of infectious agents by aptamer-based technologies.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Morales-Narvaez2020,
abstract = {COVID-19 pandemic outbreak is the most astounding scene ever experienced in the XXI  century. In this opinionated review, we underscore the crucial role of biosensing to handle with such situations. As a matter of fact, testing accelerates life-saving decisions on treatment and isolation of COVID-19 patients in an early stage, and thereby, decelerating or even preventing the spread of such emerging infectious diseases. Meanwhile, it is also proven that a timely and broad application of testing leads to lower mortality rates in countries like Germany or South Korea. Besides, biosensors are also powerful tools for effective assessment of clinical progress and to provide alertness on severity or critical trends of infection. In view hereof, we critically discuss the state-of-the-art biosensing devices for COVID-19 testing. We spot the urgent needs and highlight innovative diagnostic approaches for targeting various COVID-19 related biomarkers. Finally, we outline our recommendations on biosensors and biosensing-related issues towards pandemic outbreaks.},
author = {Morales-Narv{\'{a}}ez, Eden and Dincer, Can},
doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2020.112274},
issn = {1873-4235 (Electronic)},
journal = {Biosensors {\&} bioelectronics},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Biomarkers,Biosensing Techniques,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Equipment Design,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,analysis,diagnosis,instrumentation,isolation {\&} purification,methods},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {112274},
pmid = {32421627},
title = {{The impact of biosensing in a pandemic outbreak: COVID-19.}},
volume = {163},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{DeSutter2020,
author = {de Sutter, An and Llor, Carl and Maier, Manfred and Mallen, Christian and Tatsioni, Athina and van Weert, Henk and Windak, Adam and Stoffers, Jelle},
booktitle = {The European journal of general practice},
doi = {10.1080/13814788.2020.1757312},
institution = {Editorial Board, Jelle Stoffers, Editor-in-Chief, the European Journal of General  Practice},
issn = {1751-1402 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological,Coronavirus Infections,Epidemics,Family Practice,Humans,Pandemics,Physician's Role,Physicians, Family,Pneumonia, Viral,Stress, Psychological,epidemiology,organization {\&} administration,prevention {\&} control,psychology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {58--60},
pmid = {32349550},
title = {{Family medicine in times of 'COVID-19': A generalists' voice.}},
volume = {26},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ehrlich2021,
author = {Ehrlich, Matthew I and Saif, Muhammad Wasif},
journal = {Cancer medicine journal},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {2},
pages = {44--47},
pmid = {32601624},
title = {{Potential Impact of Delay in Cancer Screening due to COVID-19.}},
volume = {4},
year = {2021}
}
@article{Byass2020,
abstract = {Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 in China in early 2020 provides a rich data  source for exploring the ecological determinants of this new infection, which may be of relevance as the pandemic develops.Objectives: Assessing the spread of the COVID-19 across China, in relation to associations between cases and ecological factors including population density, temperature, solar radiation and precipitation.Methods: Open-access COVID-19 case data include 18,069 geo-located cases in China during January and February 2020, which were mapped onto a 0.25° latitude/longitude grid together with population and weather data (temperature, solar radiation and precipitation). Of 15,539 grid cells, 559 (3.6{\%}) contained at least one case, and these were used to construct a Poisson regression model of cell-weeks. Weather parameters were taken for the preceding week given the established 5-7 day incubation period for COVID-19. The dependent variable in the Poisson model was incident cases per cell-week and exposure was cell population, allowing for clustering of cells over weeks, to give incidence rate ratios.Results: The overall COVID-19 incidence rate in cells with confirmed cases was 0.12 per 1,000. There was a single confirmed case in 113/559 (20.2{\%}) of cells, while two grid cells recorded over 1,000 confirmed cases. Weekly means of maximum daily temperature varied from -28.0°C to 30.1°C, minimum daily temperature from -42.4°C to 23.0°C, maximum solar radiation from 0.04 to 2.74 MJm(-2) and total precipitation from 0 to 72.6 mm. Adjusted incidence rate ratios suggested brighter, warmer and drier conditions were associated with lower incidence.Conclusion: Though not demonstrating cause and effect, there were appreciable associations between weather and COVID-19 incidence during the epidemic in China. This does not mean the pandemic will go away with summer weather but demonstrates the importance of using weather conditions in understanding and forecasting the spread of COVID-19.},
author = {Byass, Peter},
doi = {10.1080/16549716.2020.1760490},
issn = {1654-9880 (Electronic)},
journal = {Global health action},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,China,Coronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Disease Outbreaks,Forecasting,Humans,Incidence,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Weather,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1760490},
pmid = {32404043},
title = {{Eco-epidemiological assessment of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, January-February  2020.}},
volume = {13},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Xu2020,
abstract = {At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus, designated as SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan,  China and was identified as the causal pathogen of COVID-19. The epidemic scale of COVID-19 has increased dramatically, with confirmed cases increasing across China and globally. Understanding the potential affecting factors involved in COVID-19 transmission will be of great significance in containing the spread of the epidemic. Environmental and meteorological factors might impact the occurrence of COVID-19, as these have been linked to various diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), whose causative pathogens belong to the same virus family as SARS-CoV-2. We collected daily data of COVID-19 confirmed cases, air quality and meteorological variables of 33 locations in China for the outbreak period of 29 January 2020 to 15 February 2020. The association between air quality index (AQI) and confirmed cases was estimated through a Poisson regression model, and the effects of temperature and humidity on the AQI-confirmed cases association were analyzed. The results show that the effect of AQI on confirmed cases associated with an increase in each unit of AQI was statistically significant in several cities. The lag effect of AQI on the confirmed cases was statistically significant on lag day 1 (relative risk (RR) = 1.0009, 95{\%} confidence interval (CI): 1.0004, 1.0013), day 2 (RR = 1.0007, 95{\%} CI: 1.0003, 1.0012) and day 3 (RR = 1.0008, 95{\%} CI: 1.0003, 1.0012). The AQI effect on the confirmed cases might be stronger in the temperature range of 10 °C ≤ T {\textless} 20 °C than in other temperature ranges, while the RR of COVID-19 transmission associated with AQI was higher in the relative humidity (RH) range of 10{\%} ≤ RH {\textless} 20{\%}. Results may suggest an enhanced impact of AQI on the COVID-19 spread under low RH.},
author = {Xu, Hao and Yan, Chonghuai and Fu, Qingyan and Xiao, Kai and Yu, Yamei and Han, Deming and Wang, Wenhua and Cheng, Jinping},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139211},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,China,Cities,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139211},
pmid = {32402910},
title = {{Possible environmental effects on the spread of COVID-19 in China.}},
volume = {731},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Mendoza2020,
author = {Mendoza, Manel and Garcia-Ruiz, Itziar and Carreras, Elena and Suy, Anna},
booktitle = {BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology},
doi = {10.1111/1471-0528.16401},
issn = {1471-0528 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32741048},
title = {{Authors' reply re: Pre-eclampsia-like syndrome induced by severe COVID-19: a  prospective observational study.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Zeng2020,
abstract = {Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and imaging  features of patients with COVID-19 in Henan Province People's Hospital. Methods: The epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiologic data of 49 patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to the department of infectious disease in our hospital from January 23, 2020 to February 22, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All analyses were performed with SPSS software, version 22.0. Results: A total of 49 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled, of which 28 were ordinary, 16 were severe, and 5 were critical in disease severity. The average ages of the 3 groups were (46±19) , (60±16) and (68±20) years, with statistical differences (P=0.015). Common symptoms at the onset were fever (41 patients), dry cough (35 patients), and fatigue (21 patients). Epidemiological investigations found that 31 (63{\%}) patients had direct or indirect contact with confirmed cases, and 14 cases were family clustered. Laboratory test results showed that the lymphocyte counts progressively decreased [0.85 (0.5-1.6) ×10(9)/L,0.51 (0.4-0.9) ×10(9)/L and 0.43 (0.47-0.61) ×10(9)/L, respectively], while LDH [162 (145.1-203.5) U/L,265 (195.3-288.4) U/L and 387 (312.3-415.5) U/L, respectively] and D-dimer [0.15 (0.09-0.40) mg/L,0.4 (0.2-0.6) mg/L and 0.9 (0.5-1.4) mg/L, respectively] were significantly increased (P{\textless}0.05), in all the 3 groups. The levels of IL-6 [(43.2±15.4) $\mu$g/L, (78.5±31.2) $\mu$g/L and (132.4±47.9) $\mu$g/L, respectively] and IL-10 [(3.5±3.2) $\mu$g/L, (7.6±6.4) $\mu$g/L and (9.4±7.2) $\mu$g/L respectively] increased significantly with disease severity. Pulmonary imaging of ordinary patients mainly showed unilateral or bilateral multiple infiltrates, while severe and critically ill patients showed diffuse exudation and consolidation of both lungs, and a few patients showed signs of "white lungs". Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 has a definite history of contact with diagnosed patients, and has family aggregation. The clinical symptoms were mainly fever and dry cough. Laboratory results showed that lymphocyte count, LDH, D-dimer, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels had a significant correlation with the severity of the disease, which could be used as markers for disease progression and prognosis. Pulmonary imaging showed unilateral or bilateral ground glass infiltration. In severe and critically ill patients, diffuse infiltration and consolidation or even "white lung" were present.},
author = {Zeng, Y L and Zhang, C and Gao, F and Ma, L and Ding, G G and Guo, E E and Zhang, X J and Shang, J and Kang, Y},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200225-00184},
issn = {1001-0939 (Print)},
journal = {Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of  tuberculosis and respiratory diseases},
language = {chi},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {654--658},
pmid = {32727176},
title = {{[Analysis of clinical characteristics of 49 cases of COVID-19].}},
volume = {43},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Tonen-Wolyec2020,
author = {Tonen-Wolyec, Serge and {Marini Djang'eing'a}, Roland and Kambale-Kombi, Paul and Tshilumba, Charles Kayembe and B{\'{e}}lec, Laurent and Batina-Agasa, Salomon},
booktitle = {Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
doi = {10.1080/16078454.2020.1790842},
issn = {1607-8454 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Africa South of the Sahara,Anemia, Sickle Cell,Bacterial Infections,Betacoronavirus,Blood Transfusion,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prognosis,complications,diagnosis,epidemiology,isolation {\&} purification,therapy},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {280--282},
pmid = {32657260},
title = {{Vulnerability of sickle cell disease persons to the COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Kadkhoda2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Shortly after its emergence in December 2019, the coronavirus disease  2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the seventh member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses that causes disease in humans. THE PROBLEM: Despite the established role of molecular diagnostics, COVID-19 serodiagnosis remains a poorly discovered and enigmatic area. Although there are numerous commercial serological products available globally, there is a severe paucity of high-quality peer-reviewed literature on their true performance characteristics. That being said, publications including in-house developed serological tests started to shed light on the kinetics of the humoral response. SUMMARY: In spite of intense focus of assessing the performance characteristics of the commercially-available kits, the main issue remains rather invisible, that is, lack of solid science behind COVID-19 serology its clinical usefulness thereof. This short review summarizes the key points as to why COVID-19 is not jest ready to fly. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite having been mentioned as a testing option, COVID-19 serology has significant shortcomings that needs discussing. This short review is meant to shed light on one of those aspects.},
author = {Kadkhoda, Kamran},
doi = {10.1097/BOR.0000000000000728},
issn = {1531-6963 (Electronic)},
journal = {Current opinion in rheumatology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {458--461},
pmid = {32657802},
title = {{Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, original antigenic sin, and  antibody-dependent enhancement: m{\'{e}}nage {\`{a}} trois.}},
volume = {32},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ng2020a,
abstract = {In this paper, we construct an extended SIR model with agents optimally choosing  outdoor activities. We calibrate the model and match it to the data from the United States. The model predicts the epidemic in the United States very well. Without government intervention, our simulation shows that the epidemic peaks on 22 March, 2020 and ends on 29 August, 2022. By the end of the epidemic, more than 21 million people will be infected, and the death toll is close to 3.8 million. We further conduct counterfactual experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of different polices against this pandemic. We find that no single policy can effectively suppress the epidemic, and the most effective policy is a hybrid policy with lockdown and broadening testing. Lockdown policy alone is ineffective in controlling the epidemic as agents would have optimally stayed at home anyway if the infection risk is high even without a lockdown. Broadening testing solely will accelerate the return to normal life as there are fewer infected people hanging around. However, as people do not internalize the social costs of returning to normal life, the epidemic could get even worse. Increasing medical capacity without any other measures only has temporary effects on reducing the death toll. We also find that random testing is too inefficient unless a majority of population is infected.},
author = {Ng, Wung Lik},
doi = {10.1016/j.jmacro.2020.103230},
issn = {0164-0704 (Print)},
journal = {Journal of macroeconomics},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {103230},
pmid = {32542061},
title = {{To lockdown? When to peak? Will there be an end? A macroeconomic analysis on  COVID-19 epidemic in the United States.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Tang2020c,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: While it is well known that mental health problems are common  consequences of deadly pandemics, the association with alexithymia is less clear. This study examined this association in an evaluation of home-quarantined university students during the 2019/2020 COVID-19 pandemic in China. METHODS: In total, 2501 home-quarantined students from six southwest Chinese universities completed the following questionnaires: the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), after which structural equation modeling (SEM) and mediation analyses were employed to extract and evaluate the possible associations. RESULTS: It was found that participants with probable depression or PTSD also reported more severe alexithymia features, such as difficulties in identifying feelings (DIF) or describing feelings (DDF). Alexithymia was also found to partially mediate the effect of number of exposures on mental health problems. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that implementing strategies to assist young people identify and deal with their own emotions and those of others could prevent or mitigate the mental health problems associated with deadly pandemic events. However, future longitudinal studies are needed to examine the specific involvement of DIF or DDF in people with mental health problems.},
author = {Tang, Wanjie and Hu, Tao and Yang, Le and Xu, Jiuping},
doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2020.110131},
issn = {0191-8869 (Print)},
journal = {Personality and individual differences},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {110131},
pmid = {32518435},
title = {{The role of alexithymia in the mental health problems of home-quarantined university  students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.}},
volume = {165},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Arora2020,
abstract = {In this paper, Deep Learning-based models are used for predicting the number of  novel coronavirus (COVID-19) positive reported cases for 32 states and union territories of India. Recurrent neural network (RNN) based long-short term memory (LSTM) variants such as Deep LSTM, Convolutional LSTM and Bi-directional LSTM are applied on Indian dataset to predict the number of positive cases. LSTM model with minimum error is chosen for predicting daily and weekly cases. It is observed that the proposed method yields high accuracy for short term prediction with error less than 3{\%} for daily predictions and less than 8{\%} for weekly predictions. Indian states are categorised into different zones based on the spread of positive cases and daily growth rate for easy identification of novel coronavirus hot-spots. Preventive measures to reduce the spread in respective zones are also suggested. A website is created where the state-wise predictions are updated using the proposed model for authorities,researchers and planners. This study can be applied by other countries for predicting COVID-19 cases at the state or national level.},
author = {Arora, Parul and Kumar, Himanshu and Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110017},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {110017},
pmid = {32572310},
title = {{Prediction and analysis of COVID-19 positive cases using deep learning models: A  descriptive case study of India.}},
volume = {139},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Szarpak2020,
author = {Szarpak, Lukasz and Drozd, Anna and Smereka, Jacek},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109877},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109877},
pmid = {32446177},
title = {{Airway management and ventilation principles in COVID-19 patients.}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Prakash2020,
author = {Prakash, Elapulli Sankaranarayanan and Kacsoh, Balint},
booktitle = {Advances in physiology education},
doi = {10.1152/advan.00096.2020},
issn = {1522-1229 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Clinical Competence,Computer Security,Coronavirus Infections,Curriculum,Education, Medical,Educational Measurement,Educational Status,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Schools, Medical,diagnosis,epidemiology,methods},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {362},
pmid = {32568003},
title = {{Letter to the Editor: Addressing test security issues pertaining to reuse of  closed-book summative assessment items possibly compromised during the COVID-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {44},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Emara2020,
abstract = {The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2 and coronavirus disease  2019, is considered a major public concern that propagates steadily by the increased number of the infected cases and the mortality rate. In this article, we provide a brief review for Orthopedic surgeons as regard COVID-19 virus microbiology, epidemiology, clinical picture, and diagnosis. Moreover, what measures should be taken amid this pandemic to assess its control, maintain the urgent duties, and protect health care workers (HCW) are also discussed.},
author = {Emara, Khaled and Emara, Ahmed K and Farhan, Mona and Mahmoud, Shady},
doi = {10.1016/j.jor.2020.05.016},
issn = {0972-978X (Print)},
journal = {Journal of orthopaedics},
language = {eng},
pages = {275--277},
pmid = {32501382},
title = {{What orthopedic surgeons need to know about Covid-19 pandemic.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chang2020,
abstract = {Pirfenidone (PFD), a pyridone compound, is well recognized as an antifibrotic agent  tailored for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, PFD based clinical trial has also been launched for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To what extent this drug can perturb membrane ion currents remains largely unknown. Herein, the exposure to PFD was observed to depress the amplitude of hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I(h)) in combination with a considerable slowing in the activation time of the current in pituitary GH(3) cells. In the continued presence of ivabradine or zatebradine, subsequent application of PFD decreased I(h) amplitude further. The presence of PFD resulted in a leftward shift in I(h) activation curve without changes in the gating charge. The addition of this compound also led to a reduction in area of voltage-dependent hysteresis evoked by long-lasting inverted triangular (downsloping and upsloping) ramp pulse. Neither the amplitude of M-type nor erg-mediated K(+) current was altered by its presence. In whole-cell potential recordings, addition of PFD reduced the firing frequency, and this effect was accompanied by the depression in the amplitude of sag voltage elicited by hyperpolarizing current stimulus. Overall, this study highlights evidence that PFD is capable of perturbing specific ionic currents, revealing a potential additional impact on functional activities of different excitable cells.},
author = {Chang, Wei-Ting and Ragazzi, Eugenio and Liu, Ping-Yen and Wu, Sheng-Nan},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173237},
issn = {1879-0712 (Electronic)},
journal = {European journal of pharmacology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {173237},
pmid = {32525005},
title = {{Effective block by pirfenidone, an antifibrotic pyridone compound  (5-methyl-1-phenylpyridin-2[H-1]-one), on hyperpolarization-activated cation current: An additional but distinctive target.}},
volume = {882},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Tahan2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This is the second of a 2-part article that discusses essential case  management practices and strategies amidst the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The series showcases the potential professional case managers have in support of managing during a crisis such as a global pandemic. Part II continues to describe reenvisioned roles and responsibilities of case managers and their leaders to meet the needs of patients/support systems during the crisis. It focuses on the increased need for end-of-life care, impact on workers' compensation case management practice, and the self-care needs of the professional case manager. PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTINGS: Applicable to the various case management practice settings across the continuum of health and human services, with special focus on acute care. FINDINGS/CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 global pandemic has resulted in a crisis case managers and other health care professionals never faced something like it before. At the same time, it has provided opportunities for innovation and creativity including use of digital and telecommunication technology in new ways to ensure the continued delivery of health and human services to those who need them regardless of location. It has also resulted in the development of necessary and impactful partnerships within and across different health care organizations and diverse professional disciplines. Most importantly, this pandemic has required special attention to the increased need of patients for timely palliative and end-of-life care. In addition, it has prompted a focus on the safety, health, and well-being of case managers and other health care professionals, resulting in expanded workers' compensation case management practice coupled with the need for self-care and resilience. IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: Professional case managers are integral members of interprofessional health care teams. Their roles and responsibilities are even more necessary during the uncertainty of a global pandemic such as COVID-19. So far, the experience of this crisis has resulted in a deliberate need to ensure the safety of both, those who are the recipients of health care services and those who are responsible for the provision of care. Self-care and resilience of health care professionals and case managers, especially due to the complex dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic, have advanced a desirable and necessary view of remote/virtual practice and as a strategy for enhancing the person's health and well-being. This pandemic has forced the development of impactful partnerships and collaborations among the diverse contexts of health care organizations and support service providers. These contexts of care delivery have also emphasized the necessary legal and ethical practice of case managers and the other involved parties. Experts agree that the innovative care delivery methods practiced during the pandemic will undoubtedly remain as desirable beyond the current crisis period.},
author = {Tahan, Hussein M},
doi = {10.1097/NCM.0000000000000455},
issn = {1932-8095 (Electronic)},
journal = {Professional case management},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {267--284},
pmid = {32452940},
title = {{Essential Case Management Practices Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019  (COVID-19) Crisis: Part 2: End-of-Life Care, Workers' Compensation Case Management, Legal and Ethical Obligations, Remote Practice, and Resilience.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Bick2020,
author = {Bick, Debra and Cheyne, Helen and Chang, Yan-Shing and Fisher, Joanne},
doi = {10.1016/j.midw.2020.102781},
issn = {1532-3099 (Electronic)},
journal = {Midwifery},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {102781},
pmid = {32546397},
title = {{Maternal postnatal health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Vigilance is needed.}},
volume = {88},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Melin2020,
abstract = {We describe in this paper an analysis of the spatial evolution of coronavirus  pandemic around the world by using a particular type of unsupervised neural network, which is called self-organizing maps. Based on the clustering abilities of self-organizing maps we are able to spatially group together countries that are similar according to their coronavirus cases, in this way being able to analyze which countries are behaving similarly and thus can benefit by using similar strategies in dealing with the spread of the virus. Publicly available datasets of coronavirus cases around the globe from the last months have been used in the analysis. Interesting conclusions have been obtained, that could be helpful in deciding the best strategies in dealing with this virus. Most of the previous papers dealing with data of the Coronavirus have viewed the problem on temporal aspect, which is also important, but this is mainly concerned with the forecast of the numeric information. However, we believe that the spatial aspect is also important, so in this view the main contribution of this paper is the use of unsupervised self-organizing maps for grouping together similar countries in their fight against the Coronavirus pandemic, and thus proposing that strategies for similar countries could be established accordingly.},
author = {Melin, Patricia and Monica, Julio Cesar and Sanchez, Daniela and Castillo, Oscar},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109917},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109917},
pmid = {32501376},
title = {{Analysis of Spatial Spread Relationships of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in the  World using Self Organizing Maps.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Meisner2020,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent state of public emergency have significantly  affected older adults in Canada and worldwide. It is imperative that the gerontological response be efficient and effective. In this statement, the board members of the Canadian Association on Gerontology/L'Association canadienne de g{\'{e}}rontologie (CAG/ACG) and the Canadian Journal on Aging/La revue canadienne du vieillissement (CJA/RCV) acknowledge the contributions of CAG/ACG members and CJA/RCV readers. We also profile the complex ways that COVID-19 is affecting older adults, from individual to population levels, and advocate for the adoption of multidisciplinary collaborative teams to bring together different perspectives, areas of expertise, and methods of evaluation in the COVID-19 response.},
author = {Meisner, Brad A and Boscart, Veronique and Gaudreau, Pierrette and Stolee, Paul and Ebert, Patricia and Heyer, Michelle and Kadowaki, Laura and Kelly, Christine and Levasseur, M{\'{e}}lanie and Massie, Ariane S and Menec, Verena and Middleton, Laura and {Sheiban Taucar}, Linda and Thornton, Wendy Loken and Tong, Catherine and van den Hoonaard, Deborah K and Wilson, Kimberley},
doi = {10.1017/S0714980820000203},
issn = {1710-1107 (Electronic)},
journal = {Canadian journal on aging = La revue canadienne du vieillissement},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {333--343},
pmid = {32408910},
title = {{Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Approaches Needed to Determine Impact of  COVID-19 on Older Adults and Aging: CAG/ACG and CJA/RCV Joint Statement.}},
volume = {39},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Favorito2020,
author = {Favorito, Luciano A},
booktitle = {International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology},
doi = {10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.05.01},
issn = {1677-6119 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Brazil,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Male,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prostatic Neoplasms,Urology},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
pages = {689--690},
pmid = {32648411},
title = {{Increase in submissions to International Brazilian Journal of Urology during  Covid-19 quarentine.}},
volume = {46},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Myers2020,
abstract = {In a study recently published in Obesity, Ashby (1) examined how unhealthy eating,  defined as patronage to eating establishments serving unhealthy foods (i.e., fast food ), was associated with adult obesity prevalence, the food environment, and poverty across counties in the United States (U.S.) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ashby found that while patronage to fast food eating establishments declined, counties with greater adult obesity prevalence saw less steep declines.},
author = {Myers, Candice A and Broyles, Stephanie T},
doi = {10.1002/oby.22993},
issn = {1930-739X (Electronic)},
journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32741130},
title = {{Fast-Food Patronage and Obesity Prevalence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An  Alternative Explanation.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Yuan2020a,
abstract = {Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay on anal  swabs was recently reported to be persistently positive even after throat testing was negative during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, data about the consistent performance of RT-PCR assay on throat and anal swabs remain limited in paediatric patients. Here, we retrospectively reviewed RT-PCR-testing results of 212 paediatric patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection at Wuhan Children's Hospital. The diagnostic potential of these two types of specimens showed significant difference (positive rate: 78.2{\%} on throat swabs vs. 52.6{\%} on anal swabs, McNemar Test P = 0.0091) and exhibited a weak positive consistency (Kappa value was 0.311, P {\textless} 0.0001) in paediatric patients. Furthermore, viral loads detected on both throat and anal swabs also showed no significant difference (P = 0.9511) and correlation (Pearson r = 0.0434, P = 0.8406), and exhibited an inconsistent kinetic change through the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Besides, viral loads in the throat and anal swabs were correlated with different types of immune states, immune-reactive phase, and the resolution phase/immunologic tolerance, respectively. These findings revealed that RT-PCR-testing on throat and anal swabs showed significant difference for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlated with different immune state in paediatric patients.},
author = {Yuan, Chunhui and Zhu, Hongmin and Yang, Yuan and Cai, Xiaonan and Xiang, Feiyan and Wu, Huan and Yao, Cong and Xiang, Yun and Xiao, Han},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1771219},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Anal Canal,Betacoronavirus,Child,China,Coronavirus Infections,Female,Humans,Male,Pandemics,Pharynx,Pneumonia, Viral,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Retrospective Studies,Viral Load,diagnosis,epidemiology,genetics,isolation {\&} purification,standards,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1233--1237},
pmid = {32419639},
title = {{Viral loads in throat and anal swabs in children infected with SARS-CoV-2.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Tibirica2020,
abstract = {Amidst the pandemic that has mesmerized the entire world, as it has not spared  anyone according to any specific characteristic, some conditions have, in fact, emerged as risk factors for a complicated evolution of COVID-19. Older age, cardiovascular disease including hypertension, diabetes and pulmonary disease, have been associated with more severe presentations and/or adverse prognosis. In this letter to the editor, we propose that the link between cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and the higher incidence and worse prognosis of COVID-19 patients is the (micro) vascular endothelium.},
author = {Tibirica, Eduardo and {De Lorenzo}, Andrea},
booktitle = {Microvascular research},
doi = {10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104028},
issn = {1095-9319 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {104028},
pmid = {32531352},
title = {{Importance of the evaluation of systemic microvascular flow and reactivity in  critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 - COVID-19.}},
volume = {131},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Calabrese2020,
author = {Calabrese, Leonard H and Calabrese, Cassandra},
doi = {10.1097/BOR.0000000000000733},
issn = {1531-6963 (Electronic)},
journal = {Current opinion in rheumatology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {427--428},
pmid = {32675718},
title = {{Editorial: Reflections on rheumatological aspects of COVID-19.}},
volume = {32},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Xiao2020,
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of 2019 new coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia,  healthcare workers (HCW) have suffered psychological stress. The present study is to examine the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression of HCW in China during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to determine the risk factors predicting psychological morbidities that can be used as psychological intervention targets. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the psychological levels of HCW in multiple centers in China. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression were determined by using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) and Hospital Anxiety / Depression scale (HAD). Psychology related factors were evaluated and correlation between job title and contact history was analyzed. RESULTS: We received 958 of effective responses, 73.6{\%} of which were from Wuhan and 67.2{\%} were female participants. 55.1{\%} of respondents had psychological stress that is higher than that of HCW during SARS. 54.2{\%} and 58{\%} of participants had symptoms of anxiety and depression. Stress levels of HCW were different in job titles and years of work experience. Anxiety and depression levels were different between different gender, job titles, degrees of protective measures and levels of contact history. Gender, intermediate title, protective measures and contact history were the independent risk factors for anxiety. Protective measures and contact history were the independent risk factors for depression. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 epidemic has induced stress levels for HCW, and high percentages of HCW have anxiety and depression. The situation of HCW is worrying and intervention service is urgent.},
author = {Xiao, Xiao and Zhu, Xiaobin and Fu, Shuai and Hu, Yugang and Li, Xiaoning and Xiao, Jinsong},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.081},
issn = {1573-2517 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
keywords = {Adult,Anxiety Disorders,Attitude of Health Personnel,Betacoronavirus,Causality,China,Comorbidity,Coronavirus Infections,Cross-Sectional Studies,Depressive Disorder,Female,Health Personnel,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prevalence,Risk Factors,Stress, Psychological,Surveys and Questionnaires,Young Adult,epidemiology,psychology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {405--410},
pmid = {32663970},
title = {{Psychological impact of healthcare workers in China during COVID-19 pneumonia  epidemic: A multi-center cross-sectional survey investigation.}},
volume = {274},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Karalis2020,
abstract = {Currently no specific medicinal treatment exists against the new SARS-CoV2 and  chloroquine is widely used, since it can decrease the length of hospital stay and improve the evolution of the associated COVID-19 pneumonia. However, several safety concerns have been raised from chloroquine use due to the lack of essential information regarding its dosing. The aim of this study is to provide a critical appraisal of the safety information regarding chloroquine treatment and to apply simulation techniques to unveil relationships between the observed serious adverse events and overdosing, as well as to propose optimized dosage regimens. The dose related adverse events of chloroquine are unveiled and maximum tolerated doses and concentration levels are quoted. Among others, treatment with chloroquine can lead to severe adverse effects like prolongation of the QT interval and cardiomyopathy. In case of chloroquine overdosing, conditions similar to those produced by SARS-CoV2, such as pulmonary oedema with respiratory insufficiency and circulatory collapse, can be observed. Co-administration of chloroquine with other drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, like azithromycin, can further increase the risk of QT prolongation and cardiomyopathy. For elder patients there is a high risk for toxicity and dose reduction should be made. This study unveils the risks of some widely used dosing regimens and binds the observed serious adverse events with dosing. Based on simulations, safer alternative dosage regimens are proposed and recommendations regarding chloroquine dosing are made.},
author = {Karalis, Vangelis and Ismailos, George and Karatza, Eleni},
doi = {10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104842},
issn = {0925-7535 (Print)},
journal = {Safety science},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {104842},
pmid = {32501367},
title = {{Chloroquine dosage regimens in patients with COVID-19: Safety risks and optimization  using simulations.}},
volume = {129},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Zhou2020a,
author = {Zhou, Mi and Zhong, Jing and Bi, Lei and Shang, Pengcheng and Xing, Yan and Wang, Bo and He, Jianlan and Xu, Ying and Luo, Tao and Ma, Maohua and Li, Qingfeng},
booktitle = {Infectious diseases (London, England)},
doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1784997},
issn = {2374-4243 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
number = {10},
pages = {749--750},
pmid = {32603629},
title = {{Serological characteristics of COVID-19 patients.}},
volume = {52},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Ayinde2020,
abstract = {COVID-19 remains a major pandemic currently threatening all the countries of the  world. In Nigeria, there were 1, 932 COVID-19 confirmed cases, 319 discharged cases and 58 deaths as of 30th April 2020. This paper, therefore, subjected the daily cumulative reported COVID-19 cases of these three variables to nine (9) curve estimation statistical models in simple, quadratic, cubic, and quartic forms. It further identified the best of the thirty-six (36) models and used the same for prediction and forecasting purposes. The data collected by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control for sixty-four (64) days, two (2) months and three (3), were daily monitored and eventually analyzed. We identified the best models to be Quartic Linear Regression Model with an autocorrelated error of order 1 (AR(1)); and found the Ordinary Least Squares, Cochrane Orcutt, Hildreth-Lu, and Prais-Winsten and Least Absolute Deviation (LAD) estimators useful to estimate the models' parameters. Consequently, we recommended the daily cumulative forecast values of the LAD estimator for May and June 2020 with a 99{\%} confidence level. The forecast values are alarming, and so, the Nigerian Government needs to hastily review her activities and interventions towards COVID-19 to provide some tactical and robust structures and measures to avert these challenges.},
author = {Ayinde, Kayode and Lukman, Adewale F and Rauf, Rauf I and Alabi, Olusegun O and Okon, Charles E and Ayinde, Opeyemi E},
doi = {10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109911},
issn = {0960-0779 (Print)},
journal = {Chaos, solitons, and fractals},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109911},
pmid = {32536757},
title = {{Modeling Nigerian Covid-19 cases: A comparative analysis of models and estimators.}},
volume = {138},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Banerjee2020,
abstract = {The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by 2019-nCov/SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic with  an urgent need for understanding the mechanisms and identifying a treatment. Viral infections including SARS-CoV are associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species, disturbances of Ca(++) caused by unfolded protein response (UPR) mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and is due to the exploitation of virus's own protein i.e., viroporins into the host cells. Several clinical trials are on-going including testing Remdesivir (anti-viral), Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine derivatives (anti-malarial drugs) etc. Unfortunately, each drug has specific limitations. Herein, we review the viral protein involvement to activate ER stress transducers (IRE-1, PERK, ATF-6) and their downstream signals; and evaluate combination therapies for COVID-19 mediated ER stress alterations. Melatonin is an immunoregulator, anti-pyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and ER stress modulator during viral infections. It enhances protective mechanisms for respiratory tract disorders. Andrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata, has versatile biological activities including immunomodulation and determining SARS-CoV-2 binding site. Considering the properties of both compounds in terms of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-pyrogenic, anti-viral and ER stress modulation and computational approaches revealing andrographolide docks with the SARS-CoV2 binding site, we predict that this combination therapy may have potential utility against COVID-19.},
author = {Banerjee, Aditi and Czinn, Steven J and Reiter, Russel J and Blanchard, Thomas G},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117842},
issn = {1879-0631 (Electronic)},
journal = {Life sciences},
keywords = {Activating Transcription Factor 6,Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Diterpenes,Drug Synergism,Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress,Endoribonucleases,Humans,Melatonin,Molecular Targeted Therapy,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases,Unfolded Protein Response,drug effects,drug therapy,eIF-2 Kinase,metabolism,pharmacology,physiology,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {117842},
pmid = {32454157},
title = {{Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and anti-viral activities: A novel  therapeutic target for COVID-19.}},
volume = {255},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Chen2020a,
abstract = {Chloroquine (CQ) and its analogue hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been thrust into our  everyday vernacular because some believe, based on very limited basic and clinical data, that they might be helpful in preventing and/or lessening the severity of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, lacking is a temperance in enthusiasm for their possible use as well as sufficient perspective on their effects and side-effects. CQ and HCQ have well-known properties of being diprotic weak bases that preferentially accumulate in acidic organelles (endolysosomes and Golgi apparatus) and neutralize luminal pH of acidic organelles. These primary actions of CQ and HCQ are responsible for their anti-malarial effects; malaria parasites rely on acidic digestive vacuoles for survival. Similarly, de-acidification of endolysosomes and Golgi by CQ and HCQ may block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) integration into host cells because SARS-CoV-2 may require an acidic environment for its entry and for its ability to bud and infect bystander cells. Further, de-acidification of endolysosomes and Golgi may underly the immunosuppressive effects of these two drugs. However, modern cell biology studies have shown clearly that de-acidification results in profound changes in the structure, function and cellular positioning of endolysosomes and Golgi, in signaling between these organelles and other subcellular organelles, and in fundamental cellular functions. Thus, studying the possible therapeutic effects of CQ and HCQ against COVID-19 must occur concurrent with studies of the extent to which these drugs affect organellar and cell biology. When comprehensively examined, a better understanding of the Janus sword actions of these and other drugs might yield better decisions and better outcomes.},
author = {Chen, Xuesong and Geiger, Jonathan D},
doi = {10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109706},
issn = {1873-3913 (Electronic)},
journal = {Cellular signalling},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {109706},
pmid = {32629149},
title = {{Janus sword actions of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19.}},
volume = {73},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Jiang2020,
author = {Jiang, Yuwu and Liu, Zhisheng},
booktitle = {Developmental medicine and child neurology},
doi = {10.1111/dmcn.14605},
issn = {1469-8749 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {1107},
pmid = {32613626},
title = {{Caring for children with neurological disorders in China during the COVID-19  pandemic.}},
volume = {62},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Gong2020,
abstract = {Taiwan experienced two waves of imported infections with Coronavirus Disease 2019  (COVID-19). This study aimed at investigating the genomic variation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Taiwan and compared their evolutionary trajectories with the global strains. We performed culture and full-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 strains followed by phylogenetic analysis. A 382-nucleotides deletion in open reading frame 8 (ORF8) was found in a Taiwanese strain isolated from a patient on February 4, 2020 who had a travel history to Wuhan. Patients in the first wave also included several sporadic, local transmission cases. Genomes of 5 strains sequenced from clustered infections were classified into a new clade with ORF1ab-V378I mutation, in addition to 3 dominant clades ORF8-L84S, ORF3a-G251V and S-D614G. This highlighted clade also included some strains isolated from patients who had a travel history to Turkey and Iran. The second wave mostly resulted from patients who had a travel history to Europe and Americas. All Taiwanese viruses were classified into various clades. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Taiwan revealed a new ORF8-deletion mutant and a virus clade that may be associated with infections in the Middle East, which contributed to a better understanding of the global SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics.},
author = {Gong, Yu-Nong and Tsao, Kuo-Chien and Hsiao, Mei-Jen and Huang, Chung-Guei and Huang, Peng-Nien and Huang, Po-Wei and Lee, Kuo-Ming and Liu, Yi-Chun and Yang, Shu-Li and Kuo, Rei-Lin and Chen, Kuan-Fu and Liu, Yen-Chin and Huang, Sheng-Yu and Huang, Hsing-I and Liu, Ming-Tsan and Yang, Ji-Rong and Chiu, Cheng-Hsun and Yang, Cheng-Ta and Chen, Guang-Wu and Shih, Shin-Ru},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1782271},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Animals,Betacoronavirus,Cell Line,Chlorocebus aethiops,Coronavirus Infections,Genome, Viral,Haemophilus parainfluenzae,Humans,Middle East,Open Reading Frames,Pandemics,Phylogeny,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA, Viral,Sequence Deletion,Taiwan,Travel,Vero Cells,Virus Cultivation,Whole Genome Sequencing,classification,genetics,isolation {\&} purification,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1457--1466},
pmid = {32543353},
title = {{SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in Taiwan revealed novel ORF8-deletion mutant and  clade possibly associated with infections in Middle East.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Abrams2020,
author = {Abrams, Benjamin and Kertai, Miklos D and Weitzel, Nathaen},
booktitle = {Seminars in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
doi = {10.1177/1089253220946176},
issn = {1940-5596 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Anesthesiologists,Anesthetics,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {3},
pages = {199--201},
pmid = {32721203},
title = {{Contribution of Cardiothoracic and Abdominal Transplant Anesthesiologists: Leading  the Way for the Full Spectrum of Patients in Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic.}},
volume = {24},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Dente2020,
author = {Dente, S M R and Hashimoto, S},
doi = {10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104979},
issn = {0921-3449 (Print)},
journal = {Resources, conservation, and recycling},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {104979},
pmid = {32536747},
title = {{COVID-19: A pandemic with positive and negative outcomes on resource and waste flows  and stocks.}},
volume = {161},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Oberemok2020,
abstract = {During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the global ratio between the dead and the  survivors is approximately 1 to 10, which has put humanity on high alert and provided strong motivation for the intensive search for vaccines and drugs. It is already clear that if we follow the most likely scenario, which is similar to that used to create seasonal influenza vaccines, then we will need to develop improved vaccine formulas every year to control the spread of the new, highly mutable coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this article, using well-known RNA viruses (HIV, influenza viruses, HCV) as examples, we consider the main successes and failures in creating primarily highly effective vaccines. The experience accumulated dealing with the biology of zoonotic RNA viruses suggests that the fight against COVID-19 will be difficult and lengthy. The most effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will be those able to form highly effective memory cells for both humoral (memory B cells) and cellular (cross-reactive antiviral memory T cells) immunity. Unfortunately, RNA viruses constantly sweep their tracks and perhaps one of the most promising solutions in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is the creation of 'universal' vaccines based on conservative SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences (antigen-presenting) and unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (adjuvant) in the composition of the phosphorothioate backbone of single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ODN), which can be effective for long periods of use. Here, we propose a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on a lasso-like phosphorothioate oligonucleotide construction containing CpG motifs and the antigen-presenting unique ACG-containing genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2. We found that CpG dinucleotides are the most rare dinucleotides in the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other known human coronaviruses, and hypothesized that their higher frequency could be responsible for the unwanted increased lethality to the host, causing a 'cytokine storm' in people who overexpress cytokines through the activation of specific Toll-like receptors in a manner similar to TLR9-CpG ODN interactions. Interestingly, the virus strains sequenced in China (Wuhan) in February 2020 contained on average one CpG dinucleotide more in their genome than the later strains from the USA (New York) sequenced in May 2020. Obviously, during the first steps of the microevolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population, natural selection tends to select viral genomes containing fewer CpG motifs that do not trigger a strong innate immune response, so the infected person has moderate symptoms and spreads SARS-CoV-2 more readily. However, in our opinion, unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are also capable of preparing the host immune system for the coronavirus infection and should be present in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as strong adjuvants.},
author = {Oberemok, V V and Laikova, K V and Yurchenko, K A and Marochkin, N A and Fomochkina, I I and Kubyshkin, A V},
doi = {10.1007/s00011-020-01377-3},
issn = {1420-908X (Electronic)},
journal = {Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society  ... [et al.]},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {801--812},
pmid = {32656668},
title = {{SARS-CoV-2 will constantly sweep its tracks: a vaccine containing CpG motifs in  'lasso' for the multi-faced virus.}},
volume = {69},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Beckett2020,
author = {Beckett, Samuel},
doi = {10.1017/dmp.2020.280},
issn = {1938-744X (Electronic)},
journal = {Disaster medicine and public health preparedness},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--3},
pmid = {32741400},
title = {{Are we "Waiting for Godot"- A Metaphor for Covid-19.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Fujita2020,
abstract = {In the case of a new viral disease outbreak, an immediate development of virus  detection kits and vaccines is required. For COVID-19, we established a rapid production procedure for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) by using the baculovirus-silkworm expression system. The baculovirus vector-derived S proteins were successfully secreted to silkworm serum, whereas those formed insoluble structure in the larval fat body and the pupal cells. The ectodomain of S protein with the native sequence was cleaved by the host furin-protease, resulting in less recombinant protein production. The S protein modified in furin protease-target site was efficiently secreted to silkworm serum and was purified as oligomers, which showed immunoreactivity for anti-SARS-CoV-2 S2 antibody. By using the direct transfection of recombinant bacmid to silkworms, we achieved the efficient production of SARS-CoV-2 S protein as fetal bovine serum (FBS)-free system. The resultant purified S protein would be useful tools for the development of immunodetection kits, antigen for immunization for immunoglobulin production, and vaccines.},
author = {Fujita, Ryosuke and Hino, Masato and Ebihara, Takeru and Nagasato, Takumi and Masuda, Akitsu and Lee, Jae Man and Fujii, Tsuguru and Mon, Hiroaki and Kakino, Kohei and Nagai, Ryo and Tanaka, Miyu and Tonooka, Yoshino and Moriyama, Takato and Kusakabe, Takahiro},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.020},
issn = {1090-2104 (Electronic)},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
keywords = {Animals,Bombyx,Cell Line,Cloning, Molecular,Furin,Nucleopolyhedroviruses,Recombinant Proteins,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus,biosynthesis,chemistry,cytology,enzymology,genetics,isolation {\&}  purification,metabolism,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
number = {2},
pages = {257--262},
pmid = {32703420},
title = {{Efficient production of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using the  baculovirus-silkworm system.}},
volume = {529},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sharma2020,
abstract = {The recent outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to the disease COVID 19 has  become a global pandemic that is spreading rapidly and has caused a global health emergency. Hence, there is an urgent need of the hour to discover effective drugs to control the pandemic caused by this virus. Under such conditions, it would be imperative to repurpose already known drugs which could be a quick and effective alternative to discovering new drugs. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-COV-2 is an attractive drug target because of its essential role in the processing of the majority of the non-structural proteins which are translated from viral RNA. Herein, we report the high-throughput virtual screening and molecular docking studies to search for the best potential inhibitors against Mpro from FDA approved drugs available in the ZINC database as well as the natural compounds from the Specs database. Our studies have identified six potential inhibitors of Mpro enzyme, out of which four are commercially available FDA approved drugs (Cobicistat, Iopromide, Cangrelor, and Fortovase) and two are from Specs database of natural compounds (Hopeaphenol and Cyclosieversiodide-A). While Cobicistat and Fortovase are known as HIV drugs, Iopromide is a contrast agent and Cangrelor is an anti-platelet drug. Furthermore, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations using GROMACS were performed to calculate the stability of the top-ranked compounds in the active site of Mpro. After extensive computational studies, we propose that Cobicistat and Hopeaphenol show potential to be excellent drugs that can form the basis of treating COVID-19 disease. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
author = {Sharma, Pradeep and Vijayan, Viswanathan and Pant, Pradeep and Sharma, Mohita and Vikram, Naval and Kaur, Punit and Singh, T P and Sharma, Sujata},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1798286},
issn = {1538-0254 (Electronic)},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure {\&} dynamics},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {1--11},
pmid = {32741313},
title = {{Identification of potential drug candidates to combat COVID-19: a structural study  using the main protease (mpro) of SARS-CoV-2.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{AbdEl-Aziz2020,
abstract = {Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses known to cause illnesses that vary  between the common cold and more severe diseases to include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). A novel coronavirus was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. This virus represents a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting disease is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a global pandemic in March 2020. Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to rise, with more than 1,948,617 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 121,846 deaths worldwide. Currently, no specific medication is recommended to treat COVID-19 patients. However, governments and pharmaceutical companies are struggling to quickly find an effective drug to defeat the coronavirus. In the current review, we summarize the existing state of knowledge about COVID-19, available medications, and treatment options. Favilavir is an antiviral drug that is approved in Japan for common influenza treatment and is now approved to treat symptoms of COVID-19 in China. Moreover, Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, drugs used to treat malaria and arthritis, respectively, were recommended by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China for treatment of COVID-19. Presently, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are under investigation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment for COVID-19. The first COVID-19 vaccine is not expected to be ready for clinical trials before the end of the year.},
author = {Abd El-Aziz, Tarek Mohamed and Stockand, James D},
doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104327},
issn = {1567-7257 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and  evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases},
keywords = {Animals,Antiviral Agents,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Drug Development,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Zoonoses,drug therapy,epidemiology,pathology,pharmacology,physiology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {104327},
pmid = {32320825},
title = {{Recent progress and challenges in drug development against COVID-19 coronavirus  (SARS-CoV-2) - an update on the status.}},
volume = {83},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Sun2020d,
abstract = {The emerging COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection poses severe challenges to  global public health. Serum antibody testing is becoming one of the critical methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. We investigated IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein after symptom onset in the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients. 130 blood samples from 38 COVID-19 patients were collected. The levels of IgM and IgG specific to N and S protein were detected by ELISA. A series of blood samples were collected along the disease course from the same patient, including 11 ICU patients and 27 non-ICU patients for longitudinal analysis. N and S specific IgM and IgG (N-IgM, N-IgG, S-IgM, S-IgG) in non-ICU patients increased after symptom onset. N-IgM and S-IgM in some non-ICU patients reached a peak in the second week, while N-IgG and S-IgG continued to increase in the third week. The combined detection of N and S specific IgM and IgG could identify up to 75{\%} of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the first week. S-IgG was significantly higher in non-ICU patients than in ICU patients in the third week. In contrast, N-IgG was significantly higher in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients. The increase of S-IgG positively correlated with the decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) in non-ICU patients. N and S specific IgM and IgG increased gradually after symptom onset and can be used for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of the dynamics of S-IgG may help to predict prognosis.},
author = {Sun, Baoqing and Feng, Ying and Mo, Xiaoneng and Zheng, Peiyan and Wang, Qian and Li, Pingchao and Peng, Ping and Liu, Xiaoqing and Chen, Zhilong and Huang, Huimin and Zhang, Fan and Luo, Wenting and Niu, Xuefeng and Hu, Peiyu and Wang, Longyu and Peng, Hui and Huang, Zhifeng and Feng, Liqiang and Li, Feng and Zhang, Fuchun and Li, Fang and Zhong, Nanshan and Chen, Ling},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1762515},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Aged,Antibodies, Viral,Betacoronavirus,C-Reactive Protein,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Critical Care,Female,Humans,Immunoglobulin G,Immunoglobulin M,Kinetics,Male,Middle Aged,Nucleocapsid Proteins,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus,analysis,blood,diagnosis,immunology,statistics {\&} numerical data},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {940--948},
pmid = {32357808},
title = {{Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG responses in COVID-19 patients.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Maillart2020,
abstract = {While the COVID-19 epidemic occurred since December 2019, as of end April 2020, no  treatment has been validated or invalidated by accurate clinical trials. Use of hydroxychloroquine has been popularised on mass media and put forward as a valid treatment option without strong evidence of efficacy. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has its own side effects, some of which are very serious like acute haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient patients. Side effects may be worse than the disease itself. Belgian national treatment guidelines recommend the use of HCQ in mild to severe COVID-19 disease. As opinions, politics, media and beliefs are governing COVID-19 therapy, performance of randomised controlled blinded clinical trials became difficult. Results of sound clinical trials are eagerly awaited. We report a case of acute haemolysis leading to admission in intensive care unit and renal failure in a patient with uncovered G6PD deficiency.},
author = {Maillart, E and Leemans, S and {Van Noten}, H and Vandergraesen, T and Mahadeb, B and Salaouatchi, M T and {De Bels}, D and Clevenbergh, P},
doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1774644},
issn = {2374-4243 (Electronic)},
journal = {Infectious diseases (London, England)},
keywords = {Aged,Azithromycin,Betacoronavirus,Blood Transfusion,Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy,Coronavirus Infections,Drug Therapy, Combination,Enzyme Inhibitors,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency,Haptoglobins,Hemolysis,Humans,Hydroxychloroquine,Hypoxia,Male,Nasopharynx,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult,SARS Virus,adverse effects,analysis,chemically induced,complications,drug therapy,genetics,isolation {\&} purification,therapeutic use,virology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {9},
pages = {659--661},
pmid = {32496938},
title = {{A case report of serious haemolysis in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient  COVID-19 patient receiving hydroxychloroquine.}},
volume = {52},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Paital2020,
abstract = {Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has become the largest pandemic that has affected 210  countries. Rolling data indicate that 257,3605 people are infected by the disease, from which 701,838 have recovered and 178,562 have died. No specific medicine or vaccine is available yet to control the disease, hence, social distancing via lockdown is widely adopted as the only preventive measure. Social distancing is observed at different level of strictness in different counties but it almost made the world to stands still. Although scientific articles on this largest social move are scanty, it resulted in benefiting the deteriorated environment to revive back. Many environmental indices such as lowering NO(2) and CO(2) emissions and reduction in particulate matters in air as a result of less human activities have led to clean air and pollution free water in many countries. Undoubtedly, the world was experiencing pollution in several countries due to mainly human activities including urbanization, industrialization, fossil fuel exhaustion etc. Under such situation a special (natural) a protective measure was awaited to fix environmental issues. Probably, the lockdown is one of the natural effects expected by nature via introduction of COVID-19. It is because, introduction of COVID-19 to nature was an outcome of mutation from two of its pre-existing forms, although, debate on it is still continuing. Viability of CoV-19 virus found to have a lot of correlation with aquatic and terrestrial environmental parameters such as pH, surface type, temperature etc. Air pollution is found to increase the risk of COVID-19 infection, therefore, use of mask and alcohols based standard sterilisers is strongly recommended. However, the self-revival rate of nature shall continue during post-lockdown period and a master plan must be adapted by national and international (mostly political) bodies to revive the Mother Nature completely.},
author = {Paital, Biswaranjan},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139088},
issn = {1879-1026 (Electronic)},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pages = {139088},
pmid = {32388136},
title = {{Nurture to nature via COVID-19, a self-regenerating environmental strategy of  environment in global context.}},
volume = {729},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Hong2020,
abstract = {The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which began in December 2019,  is still ongoing in Korea, with {\textgreater}9,000 confirmed cases as of March 25, 2020. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and real-time reverse transcription-PCR is currently the most reliable diagnostic method for COVID-19 around the world. Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine and the Korea Centers for Disease Prevention and Control propose guidelines for diagnosing COVID-19 in clinical laboratories in Korea. These guidelines are based on other related domestic and international guidelines, as well as expert opinions and include the selection of test subjects, selection of specimens, diagnostic methods, interpretation of test results, and biosafety.},
author = {Hong, Ki Ho and Lee, Sang Won and Kim, Taek Soo and Huh, Hee Jae and Lee, Jaehyeon and Kim, So Yeon and Park, Jae Sun and Kim, Gab Jeong and Sung, Heungsup and Roh, Kyoung Ho and Kim, Jae Seok and Kim, Hyun Soo and Lee, Seung Tae and Seong, Moon Woo and Ryoo, Namhee and Lee, Hyukmin and Kwon, Kye Chul and Yoo, Cheon Kwon},
doi = {10.3343/alm.2020.40.5.351},
issn = {2234-3814 (Electronic)},
journal = {Annals of laboratory medicine},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Practice Guidelines as Topic,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction,Republic of Korea,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction,diagnosis,genetics},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pages = {351--360},
pmid = {32237288},
title = {{Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea.}},
volume = {40},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Xiong2020,
abstract = {Circulating in China and 158 other countries and areas, the ongoing COVID-19  outbreak has caused devastating mortality and posed a great threat to public health. However, efforts to identify effectively supportive therapeutic drugs and treatments has been hampered by our limited understanding of host immune response for this fatal disease. To characterize the transcriptional signatures of host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 (HCoV-19) infection, we carried out transcriptome sequencing of the RNAs isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results reveal distinct host inflammatory cytokine profiles to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients, and highlight the association between COVID-19 pathogenesis and excessive cytokine release such as CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL3/MIP-1A, and CCL4/MIP1B. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 induced activation of apoptosis and P53 signalling pathway in lymphocytes may be the cause of patients' lymphopenia. The transcriptome dataset of COVID-19 patients would be a valuable resource for clinical guidance on anti-inflammatory medication and understanding the molecular mechansims of host response.},
author = {Xiong, Yong and Liu, Yuan and Cao, Liu and Wang, Dehe and Guo, Ming and Jiang, Ao and Guo, Dong and Hu, Wenjia and Yang, Jiayi and Tang, Zhidong and Wu, Honglong and Lin, Yongquan and Zhang, Meiyuan and Zhang, Qi and Shi, Mang and Liu, Yingle and Zhou, Yu and Lan, Ke and Chen, Yu},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1747363},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Apoptosis,Betacoronavirus,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid,Chemokines,Coronavirus Infections,Cytokines,Humans,Leukocytes, Mononuclear,Lymphopenia,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,RNA-Seq,Signal Transduction,Transcriptome,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53,analysis,blood,genetics,immunology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {761--770},
pmid = {32228226},
title = {{Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood  mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Li2020f,
abstract = {On 31 December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)  emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and caused the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To date, computed tomography (CT) findings have been recommended as major evidence for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. This review focuses on the imaging characteristics and changes throughout the disease course in patients with COVID-19 in order to provide some help for clinicians. Typical CT findings included bilateral ground-glass opacity, pulmonary consolidation, and prominent distribution in the posterior and peripheral parts of the lungs. This review also provides a comparison between COVID-19 and other diseases that have similar CT findings. Since most patients with COVID-19 infection share typical imaging features, radiological examinations have an irreplaceable role in screening, diagnosis and monitoring treatment effects in clinical practice.},
author = {Li, Bingjie and Li, Xin and Wang, Yaxuan and Han, Yikai and Wang, Yidi and Wang, Chen and Zhang, Guorui and Jin, Jianjun and Jia, Hongxia and Fan, Feifei and Ma, Wang and Liu, Hong and Zhou, Yue},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1750307},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Clinical Laboratory Techniques,Coronavirus Infections,Diagnosis, Differential,Disease Progression,Humans,Lung,Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Radiography, Thoracic,Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,Tomography, X-Ray Computed,diagnosis,diagnostic imaging,pathology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {787--793},
pmid = {32241244},
title = {{Diagnostic value and key features of computed tomography in Coronavirus Disease  2019.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Junejo2020,
abstract = {In this review, we focused on the origins of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2),  origin, pathogenesis, immune responses, genes and genetic variations, phylogenetic analyses, and potential therapeutic strategies to summarize approaches for developing broadly effective preventions and vaccines to cope COVID-19. Towards the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has emerged in association with the SARS, later was named COVID-19 caused an environment of chaos worldwide and infected a massive number of lives. Since these epidemics or pandemics had spread to 210 countries and territories around the world and 2 international conveyances with 6,467,229 confirmed cases, including, 382,766 deaths, as of June 03, 2020 (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/), hence the World Health Organization declared it as a global Public Health Emergency. There are no clinically approved vaccines or antiviral drugs available for either of new or old corona infections; thus, the development of effective therapeutic and preventive strategies that can be readily available to cope with these strains.},
author = {Junejo, Yasmeen and Ozaslan, Mehmet and Safdar, Muhamad and Khailany, Rozhgar A and Rehman, SaifUr and Yousaf, Wasim and Khan, Musarrat Abbas},
doi = {10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100752},
issn = {2452-0144 (Print)},
journal = {Gene reports},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {100752},
pmid = {32566803},
title = {{Novel SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Origin, pathogenesis, genes and genetic variations,  immune responses and phylogenetic analysis.}},
volume = {20},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Xu2020b,
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global public health crisis. There is a pressing  need for evidence-based interventions to address the devastating clinical and public health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Chinese scientists supported by private and government resources have adopted extensive efforts to identify effective drugs against the virus. To date, a large number of clinical trials addressing various aspects of COVID19 have been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), including more than 200 interventional studies. Under such an urgent circumstance, the scope and quality of these clinical studies vary significantly. Hence, this review aims to make a comprehensive analysis on the profiles of COVID-19 clinical trials registered in the ChiCTR, including a wide range of characteristics. Our findings will provide a useful summary on these clinical studies since most of these studies will encounter major challenges from the design to completion. It will be a long road for the outcomes of these studies to be published and international collaboration will help the ultimate goals of developing new vaccines and anti-viral drugs.},
author = {Xu, Peng and Xing, Xiangyu and Yu, Keying and Lv, Zhiguo and Cui, Huijing and Shi, Yuhang and Chang, Tianying and Zhang, Dongmei and Zhang, Yibin and Wang, Kai and Lu, Jing and Huang, Qingxia and Li, Xiangyan and Cui, Yingzi and Shi, Li and Wang, Tan and Niu, Junqi and Wang, Jian},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1791736},
issn = {2222-1751 (Electronic)},
journal = {Emerging microbes {\&} infections},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1695--1701},
pmid = {32615862},
title = {{Profiles of COVID-19 clinical trials in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.}},
volume = {9},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Kapoor2020a,
abstract = {• COVID-19 pandemic has changed the risk-benefit balance for cardiopulmonary  resuscitation. • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a highly aerosol-generating procedure. • Literature is inadequate to direct clinicians towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation in COVID-19 patient.},
author = {Kapoor, Indu and Prabhakar, Hemanshu and Mahajan, Charu},
booktitle = {Journal of clinical anesthesia},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109879},
issn = {1873-4529 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Adult,American Heart Association,Betacoronavirus,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation,Child,Coronavirus Infections,Humans,Infant, Newborn,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral},
language = {eng},
month = {oct},
pages = {109879},
pmid = {32450476},
title = {{Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in COVID-19 patients - To do or not to?}},
volume = {65},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Saadat2020,
author = {Saadat, Mostafa},
booktitle = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.041},
issn = {1873-3492 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Americas,Asia,Betacoronavirus,Biomarkers,Coronavirus Infections,Developed Countries,Developing Countries,Disease Progression,Europe,Gene Expression,Genetic Predisposition to Disease,Glutathione Transferase,Humans,Life Expectancy,Oxidative Stress,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Polymorphism, Genetic,Prevalence,Prognosis,Severity of Illness Index,Survival Analysis,Tobacco Smoking,blood,diagnosis,epidemiology,genetics,metabolism,mortality,pathogenicity,trends},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
pages = {213--216},
pmid = {32454047},
title = {{An evidence for correlation between the glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1)  polymorphism and outcome of COVID-19.}},
volume = {508},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Takagi2020,
abstract = {I read with great interest the recently published article by Li et al.,(1) which  suggests that a risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may be significantly higher in subjects with blood-group A and significantly lower in those with blood-group O. This case-control study compared the ABO blood-group distribution in 265 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the Central Hospital of Wuhan with that in 3694 heathy controls.},
author = {Takagi, Hisato},
booktitle = {British journal of haematology},
doi = {10.1111/bjh.17059},
issn = {1365-2141 (Electronic)},
language = {eng},
month = {aug},
pmid = {32740915},
title = {{Alice in Wonderland of blood groups and COVID-19.}},
year = {2020}
}
@article{Maarouf2020,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting MS  (RRMS) receiving rituximab with an extended dosing interval. METHODS: In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, this was an interim analysis of an ongoing prospective observational study of patients who were stable on rituximab for at least 6 months and who had a planned extended dosing interval of 24 months. Only data for patients with active RRMS before rituximab were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 177 patients receiving rituximab, 33 had RRMS and MRI activity before rituximab and at least 8 months of follow-up after the last infusion. The mean (SD) age was 40 (14) years, 25 were females, the mean disease duration was 10 (6.8) years, the mean annual relapse rate (ARR) before rituximab was 1.7 (1.3), and the median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score before rituximab was 4.5 (1-7). Before extended dosing, when rituximab was infused every 6 months, the mean (SD) ARR decreased to 0.04 (0.1) (p {\textless} 0.0001) and the EDSS score to 4 (0-7) (p = 0.04). At the time of this analysis, the median follow-up since the last infusion was 11 (8-31) months. No patient showed relapse or disability progression. In total, 30 patients had at least 1 MRI performed since the last infusion (median time between the last MRI and the last infusion 10 [8-31] months). No MRI showed activity. The CD19(+) cell proportion was {\textgreater}1{\%} for 10 of 25 patients at the last count (median time 8 [6-25] months). CONCLUSIONS: An extended dosing interval for rituximab for patients with stable MS during the COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with a low risk of disease activity.},
author = {Maarouf, Adil and Rico, Audrey and Boutiere, Clemence and Perriguey, Marine and Demortiere, Sarah and Pelletier, Jean and Audoin, Bertrand},
doi = {10.1212/NXI.0000000000000825},
institution = {Under the aegis of OFSEP},
issn = {2332-7812 (Electronic)},
journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology {\&} neuroinflammation},
keywords = {Adult,Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Drug Administration Schedule,Female,Humans,Immunologic Factors,Male,Middle Aged,Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Prospective Studies,Rituximab,administration {\&} dosage,diagnosis,drug therapy,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {sep},
number = {5},
pmid = {32587103},
title = {{Extending rituximab dosing intervals in patients with MS during the COVID-19  pandemic and beyond?}},
volume = {7},
year = {2020}
}
@misc{Jeyabaladevan2020,
abstract = {The global spread of COVID-19 has put increased pressure on the NHS. The Government  has put in a number of strategies to cope with this pandemic, which includes increasing funding for the NHS. However, increased funding itself will not ease the workload. With a number of our staff isolating from work due to COVID-19, we as the workforce have to step out of comfort zones and work in unfamiliar specialties. These are unprecedented times and are placing strains on our health service. Nonetheless, we as healthcare professionals have taken oaths that we are honouring and will continue to do so, till this virus is put to rest.},
author = {Jeyabaladevan, Priyancaa},
booktitle = {Medical education online},
doi = {10.1080/10872981.2020.1759869},
issn = {1087-2981 (Electronic)},
keywords = {Betacoronavirus,Coronavirus Infections,Health Personnel,Humans,Pandemics,Pneumonia, Viral,Professional Role,Quarantine,State Medicine,United Kingdom,epidemiology},
language = {eng},
month = {dec},
number = {1},
pages = {1759869},
pmid = {32340566},
title = {{COVID-19: an FY1 on the frontline.}},
volume = {25},
year = {2020}
}