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Manual
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HEBCAL(1) HEBCAL(1)
NAME
hebcal - a Jewish calendar generator
SYNOPSIS
hebcal [ -8acdDehHiorsStTwy ]
[ -I input_file ]
[ -Y yahrtzeit_file ]
[ -C city ]
[ -l latitude -L longitude]
[ -z timezone ]
[ -Z daylight_savings_scheme ]
[[ month [ day ]] year ]
hebcal help
hebcal info
hebcal DST
hebcal cities
hebcal copying
hebcal warranty
DESCRIPTION
With no arguments, hebcal will print to stdout the dates
of the Jewish holidays in the current secular year. Each
line is prefixed with a gregorian date of the form
mm/dd/yyyy.
By specifying month, day, or year, output can be limited
to a particular month or date in a particular year. Note
that year is usually a four-digit integer, So 92 is dur-
ing the Roman period, not the late twentieth century. In
if the hebrew dates option is turned on, this number rep-
resents th Jewish calendar year. month is a number from
1..12, or the name of a Jewish calendar month.
day is a number from 1..31.
For example, the command
hebcal 10 1992
will print out the holidays occurring in October of 1992
C.E., while the command
hebcal Tish 5752
will print dates of interest in the month of Tishrei in
Jewish calendar year 5752.
NOTE: hebcal 92 is not the same as hebcal 1992. The year
is assumed to be complete, so the former calendar preceeds
the latter by nineteen centuries.
A few other bells and whistles include the weekly sedra as
well as the day of the week, the count of the omer, and
the Hebrew date.
Output from hebcal can be used to drive calendar(1).
Day-to-day use for hebcal is provided for in the -T and -t
switches, which print out Jewish calendar entries for the
current date.
To get a quick-reference on-line help, type
hebcal help
at the command prompt.
OPTIONS
-8 Use 8-bit Hebrew (ISO-8859-8-Logical).
-a Use Ashkenazis hebrew.
-c Add approximate candle-lighting times. See below.
-d Print the Hebrew date for the entire date range.
-D Print the hebrew date for dates with some event.
-e Change the output format to European-style dates:
dd.mm.yyyy
-h Suppress holidays in output. User defined calendar
events are unaffected by this switch.
-H When the -H switch is used, all dates specified on
the command line are assumed to be hebrew dates.
So for instance,
example% hebcal -H 5754
will print data for 5754, Starting in Tishrei, and
ending in Elul. Hebcal is smart enough to detect a
Hebrew month and infer that you want a Hebrew date
range, so you could type
example% hebcal tish 5754
The -H switch would be superfluous in this case.
Invoking hebcal with just the -H switch by itself
will print data for the current Hebrew year, start-
ing in Tishrei.
-i Use the Israeli sedra scheme when used in conjunc-
tion with -S or -s. This has no effect if the -S
or -s switches are unused.
-I file
Read extra events from file. These events are
printed regardless of the -h suppress holidays
switch.
There is one holiday per line in file, each with
the format
month day description
where month is a string identifying the Jewish
month in question day is a number from 1 to 30, and
description is a newline-terminated string describ-
ing the holiday. An example might be
Adar 1 Start cleaning kitchen for Passover.
Adar 1 Start cleaning kitchen for Passover.
-l deg,min
Set the latitude for solar calculations to deg
degrees and min
-L deg,min
Set the longitude for solar calculations to deg
degrees and min minutes. NOTE: Negative values are
EAST longitude.
-o Add the count of the omer to the output.
-r Use a tab-delineated format, and somewhat terser
strings. Instead of saying ' 13th day of the omer
' hebcal will say ' Omer: 13 '
-s Add the weekly sedra to the output on Saturdays.
See -i.
-S Add the weekly sedra to the output every day. When
this option is invoked, every time a day is
printed, the torah reading for the Saturday on or
immediately following that date is printed. If
there is no reading for the next Saturday, then
nothing is printed. See -i.
-t Print calendar information for today's date only.
-d and -o are asserted with this option.
-T Same as -t, only without the gregorian date. This
option is useful in login scripts, just to see
what's happening today in the Jewish calendar.
-w Add the day of the week to the output.
-y Print only the last two digits of the year.
-Y file
Read a table of yahrtzeit dates from file. These
events are printed regardless of the -h suppress
holidays switch.
There is one death-date per line in file, each with
the format
month day year description
where month, day and year form the gregorian date
of death. description is a newline-terminated
string to be printed on the yahrtzeit. An example
might be
12 29 1957 Menachem Mendel's yahrtzeit.
5 15 1930 Benjamin's yahrtzeit.
CANDLE-LIGHTING TIMES
Hebcal's candlelighting times are only approximations. If
you ever have any doubts about it's times, consult your
local halachic authority. If you enter geographic coordi-
nates above the artic circle or antarctic circle, the
times are guaranteed to be wrong.
Hebcal contains a small database of cities with their
associated geographic information and time-zone informa-
tion. The geographic and time information necessary to
calculate sundown times can come to hebcal any of three
ways:
1) The default: the system manager sets a default city
when the program is compiled.
2) Hebcal looks in the environment variable HEBCAL_CITY
for the name of a city in hebcal's database, and if it
finds one, hebcal will make that the new default city.
3) 1 and 2 may be overridden by command line arguments,
including those specified in the HEBCAL_OPTS environment
variable. The most natural way to do this is to use the
-c city command. This will localize hebcal to city. A
list of the cities hebcal knows about can be obtained by
typing
hebcal cities
at the command prompt. If the city you want isn't on that
list, you can directly control hebcal's geographic
information with the -l, -L -z and -Z DST switches. Note
that changing the geographic coordinates causes the time-
zone to default to Zulu and the daylight savings time pro-
cessor to default to 'none.' To get a list of possible
values for DST, type
hebcal DST
at the command prompt.
For a status report on customizations, type type
hebcal info
at the command prompt.
EXAMPLES
To find the days of the omer in 1997, printing the days of
the week:
example% hebcal -how 1997
4/23/97 Wed, 1st day of the Omer
4/24/97 Thu, 2nd day of the Omer
4/25/97 Fri, 3rd day of the Omer
.
.
.
6/9/97 Mon, 48th day of the Omer
6/10/97 Tue, 49th day of the Omer
To print only the weekly sedrot of Nisan 5770
example% hebcal -hs Nisan 5770
3/20/2010 Parashat Vayikra
3/27/2010 Parashat Tzav
4/10/2010 Parashat Shmini
To find out what's happening in the Jewish calendar today , use
example% hebcal -TS
19 of Nisan, 5752
Parshat Achrei Mot
Pesach V (CH"M)
4th day of the Omer
ENVIRONMENT
Hebcal uses two environment variables:
HEBCAL_CITY
Hebcal uses this value as the default city for sun-
set calculations. A list of available cities is
available with from hebcal with the command:
hebcal cities
HEBCAL_OPTS
The value of this variable is automatically pro-
cessed as if it were typed at the command line
before any other actual command-line-arguments.
AUTHOR
Danny Sadinoff
SEE ALSO
calendar(1), emacs(1), hcal(1), hdate(1), omer(1),
remind(1), rise(1)
The latest version of the code will be available from
https://github.com/hebcal/hebcal
The original motivation for the algorithms in this program
was the Tur Shulchan Aruch.
For version 3, much of the program was rewritten using
Emacs 19's calendar routines by Edward M. Reingold and
Nachum Dershowitz. Their program is extremely clear and
provides many instructive examples of fine calendar code
in emacs-LISP.
A well written treatment of the Jewish calendar for the
layman can be found in Understanding the Jewish Calendar
by Rabbi Nathan Bushwick. A more complete bibliography on
the topic can be found there, as well as in the Encyclope-
dia Judaica entry on the calendar.
DIAGNOSTICS
hebcal help
Prints a shorter version of this manpage, with com-
ments on each option.
hebcal info
Prints the version number and default values of the
program.
hebcal DST
Prints a list of available daylight savings time
schemes, suitable as arguments to the -Z DST
option.
hebcal cities
Prints a list of cities which hebcal knows about,
suitable as arguments to the -C city option. If
your city does not appear on this list, put the
necessary defaults in the DST_OPTS environment
variable.
hebcal copying
Prints the GNU license, with information about
copying the program. See below.
hebcal warranty
Tells you how there's NO WARRANTY for hebcal.
DISCLAIMER
This is just a program I wrote during summer school and
while avoiding my senior project. It should not be
invested with any sort of halachic authority.
BUGS
Hebrew dates are only valid before sundown on that secular
date. An option to control this will be added in a later
release.
Negative longitudes are EAST of Greenwich.
Some combinations of options produce weird results, e.g.
hebcal -dH nisan 5744
hebcal -dH 5744
This comes into play when you use the ENV_OPT environment
variable.
The sunup/sundown routines aren't accurate enough. If you
enter geographic coordinates above the artic circle or
antarctic circle, the times are guaranteed to be wrong.
Hebcal performs no checking for changes between the julian
and gregorian calendar, so secular dates before 1752 are
untrustworthy.
Hebcal cannot handle date computations before 2 C.E.
sorry.
BUG REPORTS TO
Danny Sadinoff
danny@sadinoff.com
COPYING
Copyright (c) 1994-2004 Danny Sadinoff
Portions Copyright (c) 2002 Michael J. Radwin. All Rights
Reserved.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim
copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and
this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified ver-
sions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim
copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work
is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations
of this manual into another language, under the above con-
ditions for modified versions, except that this permission
notice may be included in translations approved by the
Free Software Foundation instead of in the original
English.
For a full text of the copyright and lack of warranty
information, type
hebcal copying
or
hebcal warranty
at the command line.
Danny Sadinoff Hebcal Version 3.3 HEBCAL(1)