submit.py

"""Classes representing the submission forms in Regobs v5
"""

# To enable postponed evaluation of annotations (default for 3.10)
from __future__ import annotations

import pprint
from typing import Optional, List, Union, Dict, TypeVar, Type, Callable
import datetime as dt
import mimetypes
import re

from . import SnowRegion
from .misc import TZ, NoObservationError
from .types import DestructiveSize, Sensitivity, Distribution, WeakLayer, Direction
import regobslib.types as types


__author__ = 'arwi'

# PyCharm can not parse this type, but it is correctly defined.
ObsJson = Dict[str,
               Optional[Union[str,
                              int,
                              float,
                              'ObsJson',
                              List['ObsJson']]]]

ObsDict = Dict[str, Optional[Union[str, int, float, List[Union[str, int, float, 'ObsDict']]]]]

T = TypeVar('T')
U = TypeVar('U')


class Serializable:
    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @staticmethod
    def _clean(json: ObsJson) -> ObsJson:
        return {k: v for k, v in json.items() if v is not None and v != []}


class Deserializable:
    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> Deserializable:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @staticmethod
    def _convert(json: ObsJson, idx: str, target: Type[T], target_sec: Optional[Type[U]] = int) -> Union[T, U]:
        elem = json[idx] if idx in json else None
        try:
            return target(elem) if elem is not None else None
        except ValueError:
            return target_sec(elem)

    @staticmethod
    def _apply(json: ObsJson, idx: str, apply: Callable[[Union[str, int, float]], T] = None) -> Optional[T]:
        elem = json[idx] if idx in json else None
        return apply(elem) if elem is not None else None

    @staticmethod
    def _deserialize_to(json: ObsJson, idx: str, target: Type[Deserializable]) -> Deserializable:
        elem = json[idx] if idx in json else None
        return target.deserialize(elem) if elem is not None else None


class Dictable:
    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return pprint.pformat(self.to_dict())


class Registration(types.Registration, Serializable, Deserializable, Dictable):
    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> Registration:
        raise NotImplementedError()


class Observation(types.Observation, Serializable, Deserializable, Dictable):
    OBSERVATION_TYPE = None

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> SnowObservation:
        raise NotImplementedError()


class SnowObservation(types.SnowObservation, Observation):
    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> SnowObservation:
        raise NotImplementedError()


class SnowRegistration(types.SnowRegistration, Registration):
    def __init__(self,
                 obs_time: dt.datetime,
                 position: Position,
                 spatial_precision: Optional[Union[SnowRegistration.SpatialPrecision, int]] = None,
                 source: Optional[SnowRegistration.Source] = None):
        """A registration corresponding to the ones made using the Snow Registration form in the web app.

        @param obs_time: A localized datetime, denoting the observation time. Use REGOBS_TZ.localize() to localize.
        @param position: The position of the observation. Use WGS84 coordinates.
        @param spatial_precision: The margin of error of the observation position, in meters.
        @param source: What kind of source the knowledge this registration is based upon is based on.
        """
        self.any_obs = False
        self.obs_time = obs_time
        self.position = position
        self.spatial_precision = spatial_precision
        self.source = source
        self.id = None
        self.observer = None

        self.danger_signs = []
        self.avalanche_obs = None
        self.avalanche_activities = []
        self.weather = None
        self.snow_cover = None
        self.compression_tests = []
        self.snow_profile = None
        self.avalanche_problems = []
        self.danger_assessment = None
        self.incident = None
        self.note = None

        self.images = {
            SnowRegistration.ObservationType.NOTE: [],
            SnowRegistration.ObservationType.INCIDENT: [],
            SnowRegistration.ObservationType.DANGER_SIGN: [],
            SnowRegistration.ObservationType.WEATHER: [],
            SnowRegistration.ObservationType.SNOW_COVER: [],
            SnowRegistration.ObservationType.COMPRESSION_TEST: [],
            SnowRegistration.ObservationType.AVALANCHE_OBS: [],
            SnowRegistration.ObservationType.DANGER_ASSESSMENT: [],
            SnowRegistration.ObservationType.AVALANCHE_PROBLEM: [],
            SnowRegistration.ObservationType.AVALANCHE_ACTIVITY: [],
            SnowRegistration.ObservationType.SNOW_PROFILE: [],
        }

    def add_danger_sign(self, danger_sign: DangerSign) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Add a DongerSign. Previously added DongerSigns will still be in the registration.

        @param danger_sign: The DangerSign to add.
        @return: self, with an added danger sign.
        """
        self.any_obs = True
        self.danger_signs.append(danger_sign)
        return self

    def set_avalanche_obs(self, avalanche_obs: AvalancheObs) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Set an AvalancheObs. Previously set AvalancheObs will be overwritten.

        @param avalanche_obs: The AvalancheObs to set.
        @return: self, with the provided AvalancheObs set.
        """
        self.any_obs = True
        self.avalanche_obs = avalanche_obs
        return self

    def add_avalanche_activity(self, avalanche_activity: AvalancheActivity) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Add an AvalancheActivity. Any previously added AvalancheActivity will still be in the registration.

        @param avalanche_activity: The AvalancheActivity to add.
        @return: self, with an added AvalancheActivity.
        """
        self.any_obs = True
        self.avalanche_activities.append(avalanche_activity)
        return self

    def set_weather(self, weather: Weather) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Set a Weather. Previously set Weather will be overwritten.

        @param weather: The Weather to set.
        @return: self, with the provided Weather set.
        """
        self.any_obs = True
        self.weather = weather
        return self

    def set_snow_cover(self, snow_cover: SnowCover) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Set a SnowCover. Previosly set SnowCover will be overwritten.

        @param snow_cover: The SnowCover to set.
        @return: self, with the provided SnowCover set.
        """
        self.any_obs = True
        self.snow_cover = snow_cover
        return self

    def add_compression_test(self, compression_test: CompressionTest) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Add a CompressionTest. Any previously added CompressionTest will still be in the registration.

        @param compression_test: The CompressionTest to add.
        @return: self, with an added CompressionTest.
        """
        self.any_obs = True
        self.compression_tests.append(compression_test)
        return self

    def set_snow_profile(self, snow_profile: SnowProfile) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Set a SnowProfile. Previously set SnowProfile will be overwritten.

        @param snow_profile: The SnowProfile to set.
        @return: self, with the provided SnowProfile set.
        """
        self.any_obs = True
        self.snow_profile = snow_profile
        return self

    def add_avalanche_problem(self, avalanche_problem: AvalancheProblem) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Add an AvalancheProblem. Any previously added AvalancheProblem will still be in the registration.

        @param avalanche_problem: The AvalancheProblem to add.
        @return: self, with an added AvalancheProblem.
        """
        if len(self.avalanche_problems) >= 3:
            raise ValueError("Too many avalanche problems.")

        self.any_obs = True
        self.avalanche_problems.append(avalanche_problem)
        return self

    def set_danger_assessment(self, danger_assessment: DangerAssessment) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Set a DangerAssessment. Previously set DangerAssessment will be overwritten.

        @param danger_assessment: The DangerAssessment to set.
        @return: self, with the provided DangerAssessment set.
        """
        self.any_obs = True
        self.danger_assessment = danger_assessment
        return self

    def set_incident(self, incident: Incident) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Set an Incident. Previously set Incident will be overwritten.

        @param incident: The Incident to set.
        @return: self, with the provided Incident set.
        """
        self.any_obs = True
        self.incident = incident
        return self

    def set_note(self, note: Note) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Set a Note. Previously set Note will be overwritten.

        @param note: The Note to set.
        @return: self, with the Note set.
        """
        self.any_obs = True
        self.note = note
        return self

    def add_image(self,
                  image: Image,
                  parent_registration_type: Type[SnowObservation],
                  ) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Add an image to the danger sign schema

        @param image: The Image to add.
        @param parent_registration_type: The schema under which to add the image.
        @return: self, with an added image.
        """
        if isinstance(parent_registration_type, object) and hasattr(parent_registration_type, "OBSERVATION_TYPE"):
            self.images[parent_registration_type.OBSERVATION_TYPE].append(image)
        elif isinstance(parent_registration_type, int):
            self.images[parent_registration_type].append(image)
        else:
            raise ValueError("Invalid type for parent_registration_type.")
        return self

    def set_observer(self, observer: Observer) -> SnowRegistration:
        """Set an Observer. Previously set Observer will be overwritten.
           Everything except GroupID will be disregarded by the API.

        @param observer: The Observer to set.
        @return: self, with the Observer set.
        """
        self.observer = observer
        return self

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "obs_time": self.obs_time,
            "position": self.position.to_dict() if self.position is not None else None,
            "spatial_precision": self.spatial_precision,
            "source": self.source,
            "id": self.id,
            "observer": self.observer.to_dict() if self.observer is not None else None,
            "danger_signs": list(map(lambda x: x.to_dict(), self.danger_signs)),
            "avalanche_obs": self.avalanche_obs.to_dict() if self.avalanche_obs is not None else None,
            "avalanche_activities": list(map(lambda x: x.to_dict(), self.avalanche_activities)),
            "weather": self.weather.to_dict() if self.weather is not None else None,
            "snow_cover": self.snow_cover.to_dict() if self.snow_cover is not None else None,
            "compression_tests": list(map(lambda x: x.to_dict(), self.compression_tests)),
            "snow_profile": self.snow_profile.to_dict() if self.snow_profile is not None else None,
            "avalanche_problems": list(map(lambda x: x.to_dict(), self.avalanche_problems)),
            "danger_assessment": self.danger_assessment.to_dict() if self.danger_assessment is not None else None,
            "incident": self.incident.to_dict() if self.incident is not None else None,
            "note": self.note.to_dict() if self.note is not None else None,
            "images": {obs_type: list(map(lambda x: x.to_dict(), images)) for obs_type, images in self.images.items()}
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        all_images = []
        for obs_type, images in self.images.items():
            all_images += [
                {**image.serialize(), "GeoHazardTID": SnowRegistration.GEO_HAZARD, "RegistrationTID": obs_type}
                for image in images
            ]
        return self._clean({
            'Attachments': all_images,
            'AvalancheActivityObs2': list(map(lambda x: x.serialize(), self.avalanche_activities)),
            'AvalancheEvalProblem2': list(map(lambda x: x.serialize(), self.avalanche_problems)),
            'AvalancheEvaluation3': self.danger_assessment.serialize() if self.danger_assessment is not None else None,
            'AvalancheObs': self.avalanche_obs.serialize() if self.avalanche_obs is not None else None,
            'CompressionTest': list(map(lambda x: x.serialize(), self.compression_tests)),
            'DangerObs': list(map(lambda x: x.serialize(), self.danger_signs)),
            'DtObsTime': self.obs_time.isoformat() if self.obs_time is not None else None,
            'GeneralObservation': self.note.serialize() if self.note is not None else None,
            'GeoHazardTID': 10,
            'Incident': self.incident.serialize() if self.incident is not None else None,
            'ObserverGroupID': self.observer.group_id if self.observer is not None else None,
            'ObsLocation': self._clean({
                'Latitude': self.position.lat,
                'Longitude': self.position.lon,
                'Uncertainty': self.spatial_precision,
            }),
            'SourceTID': self.source,
            'SnowProfile2': self.snow_profile.serialize() if self.snow_profile is not None else None,
            'SnowSurfaceObservation': self.snow_cover.serialize() if self.snow_cover is not None else None,
            'WeatherObservation': self.weather.serialize() if self.weather is not None else None,
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json) -> SnowRegistration:
        obs_time = cls._apply(json, "DtObsTime", lambda x: dt.datetime.fromisoformat(x))
        position = object.__new__(Position)
        position.lat = json["ObsLocation"]["Latitude"]
        position.lon = json["ObsLocation"]["Longitude"]
        position.region = cls._convert(json["ObsLocation"], "ForecastRegionTID", SnowRegion)
        source = cls._convert(json, "SourceTID", cls.Source)
        spatial_precision = cls._convert(json["ObsLocation"], "Uncertainty", cls.SpatialPrecision)
        reg = cls(obs_time, position, spatial_precision, source)

        reg.id = cls._convert(json, "RegId", int)

        if "Observer" in json and json["Observer"] is not None:
            observer = Observer()
            observer.id = cls._convert(json["Observer"], "ObserverID", int)
            observer.nickname = cls._convert(json["Observer"], "NickName", str)
            observer.competence = cls._convert(json["Observer"], "CompetenceLevelTID", Observer.Competence)
            observer.group_name = cls._convert(json, "ObserverGroupName", str)
            observer.group_id = cls._convert(json, "ObserverGroupID", int)
            reg.observer = observer

        reg.danger_signs = cls._apply(json, "DangerObs", lambda x: list(map(lambda y: DangerSign.deserialize(y), x)))
        reg.avalanche_obs = cls._deserialize_to(json, "AvalancheObs", AvalancheObs)
        reg.avalanche_activities = cls._apply(json,
                                              "AvalancheActivityObs2",
                                              lambda x: list(map(lambda y: AvalancheActivity.deserialize(y), x)))
        reg.weather = cls._deserialize_to(json, "WeatherObservation", Weather)
        reg.snow_cover = cls._deserialize_to(json, "SnowSurfaceObservation", SnowCover)
        reg.compression_tests = cls._apply(json,
                                           "CompressionTest",
                                           lambda x: list(map(lambda y: CompressionTest.deserialize(y), x)))
        reg.snow_profile = cls._deserialize_to(json, "SnowProfile2", SnowProfile)
        reg.avalanche_problems = cls._apply(json,
                                            "AvalancheEvalProblem2",
                                            lambda x: list(map(lambda y: AvalancheProblem.deserialize(y), x)))
        reg.danger_assessment = cls._deserialize_to(json, "AvalancheEvaluation3", DangerAssessment)
        reg.incident = cls._deserialize_to(json, "Incident", Incident)
        reg.note = cls._deserialize_to(json, "GeneralObservation", Note)

        reg.images = {}
        if "Attachments" in json and json["Attachments"] is not None:
            for image in json["Attachments"]:
                obs_type = cls._convert(image, "RegistrationTID", cls.ObservationType)
                if obs_type not in reg.images:
                    reg.images[obs_type] = []
                reg.images[obs_type].append(UploadedImage.deserialize(image))

        return reg


class DangerSign(types.DangerSign, SnowObservation):
    def __init__(self,
                 sign: Optional[DangerSign.Sign] = None,
                 comment: Optional[str] = None):
        """A danger sign, such as whumpf sounds or quick temperature change.

        @param sign: What kind of danger sign was observed?
        @param comment: Comment regarding the danger sign.
        """
        if all(e is None for e in [sign, comment]):
            raise NoObservationError("No argument passed to danger sign observation.")

        self.sign = sign
        self.comment = comment

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "sign": self.sign,
            "comment": self.comment,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        return self._clean({
            'DangerSignTID': self.sign if self.sign is not None else 0,
            'Comment': self.comment,
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson):
        danger_sign = object.__new__(cls)
        danger_sign.sign = cls._convert(json, "DangerSignTID", cls.Sign)
        danger_sign.sign = danger_sign.sign if danger_sign.sign != 0 else None
        danger_sign.comment = cls._convert(json, "Comment", str)
        return danger_sign


class AvalancheObs(types.AvalancheObs, SnowObservation):
    def __init__(self, release_time: dt.datetime,
                 start: Optional[Position] = None,
                 stop: Optional[Position] = None,
                 exposition: Optional[Direction] = None,
                 size: Optional[DestructiveSize] = None,
                 avalanche_type: Optional[AvalancheObs.Type] = None,
                 trigger: Optional[AvalancheObs.Trigger] = None,
                 terrain: Optional[AvalancheObs.Terrain] = None,
                 weak_layer: Optional[WeakLayer] = None,
                 fracture_height_cm: Optional[int] = None,
                 fracture_width: Optional[int] = None,
                 path_name: Optional[str] = None,
                 comment: Optional[str] = None,
                 ):
        """An observation of a single avalanche. This should be used if you have detailed info regarding an avalanche.

        @param release_time: When was the avalanche triggered?
        @param start: Give the highest position of the fracture line.
        @param stop: Give the lowest position of the avalanche debris.
        @param exposition: In what direction was the avalanche triggered?
        @param size: How large was the avalanche, on the standardized scale between 1-5?
        @param avalanche_type: What kind of avalanche was triggered?
        @param trigger: What triggered the avalanche?
        @param terrain: In what kind of terrain was the avalanche triggered?
        @param weak_layer: What kind of weak layer collapsed to give rise to the avalanche?
        @param fracture_height_cm: How high was the fracture line (in cm)?
        @param fracture_width: How wide was the avalanche (in metres)?
        @param path_name: If the avalanche was observed in a known avalanche track, give its name.
        @param comment: Comment regarding the avalanche observation.
        """

        self.release_time = release_time
        self.start = start
        self.stop = stop
        self.exposition = exposition
        self.size = size
        self.avalanche_type = avalanche_type
        self.trigger = trigger
        self.terrain = terrain
        self.weak_layer = weak_layer
        self.fracture_height_cm = fracture_height_cm
        self.fracture_width = fracture_width
        self.path_name = path_name
        self.comment = comment

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "release_time": self.release_time,
            "start": self.start,
            "stop": self.stop,
            "exposition": self.exposition,
            "size": self.size,
            "avalanche_type": self.avalanche_type,
            "trigger": self.trigger,
            "terrain": self.terrain,
            "weak_layer": self.weak_layer,
            "fracture_height_cm": self.fracture_height_cm,
            "fracture_width": self.fracture_width,
            "path_name": self.path_name,
            "comment": self.comment,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        return self._clean({
            'AvalCauseTID': self.weak_layer,
            'AvalancheTID': self.avalanche_type,
            'AvalancheTriggerTID': self.trigger,
            'Comment': self.comment,
            'DestructiveSizeTID': self.size,
            'DtAvalancheTime': self.release_time.isoformat(),
            'FractureHeight': round(self.fracture_height_cm) if self.fracture_height_cm is not None else None,
            'FractureWidth': round(self.fracture_width) if self.fracture_width is not None else None,
            'StartLat': self.start.lat if self.start is not None else None,
            'StartLong': self.start.lon if self.start is not None else None,
            'StopLat': self.stop.lat if self.stop is not None else None,
            'StopLong': self.stop.lon if self.stop is not None else None,
            'TerrainStartZoneTID': self.terrain,
            'Trajectory': self.path_name,
            'ValidExposition': Expositions([self.exposition]).serialize() if self.exposition is not None else None,
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> AvalancheObs:
        start_lat = cls._convert(json, "StartLat", float)
        start_lon = cls._convert(json, "StartLong", float)
        stop_lat = cls._convert(json, "StopLat", float)
        stop_lon = cls._convert(json, "StopLong", float)
        start = None
        stop = None
        if start_lat is not None and start_lon is not None:
            start = object.__new__(Position)
            start.lat = start_lat
            start.lon = start_lon
        if stop_lat is not None and stop_lon is not None:
            stop = object.__new__(Position)
            stop.lat = stop_lat
            stop.lon = stop_lon
        try:
            exp = cls._apply(json,
                             "ValidExposition",
                             lambda x: next(iter(Expositions.deserialize(x).expositions), None))
        except ValueError:
            exp = None
        return cls(release_time=cls._apply(json, "DtAvalancheTime", lambda x: dt.datetime.fromisoformat(x)),
                   start=start,
                   stop=stop,
                   exposition=exp,
                   size=cls._convert(json, "DestructiveSizeTID", DestructiveSize),
                   avalanche_type=cls._convert(json, "AvalancheTID", cls.Type),
                   trigger=cls._convert(json, "AvalancheTriggerTID", cls.Trigger),
                   terrain=cls._convert(json, "TerrainStartZoneTID", cls.Terrain),
                   weak_layer=cls._convert(json, "AvalCauseTID", WeakLayer),
                   fracture_height_cm=cls._convert(json, "FractureHeight", int),
                   fracture_width=cls._convert(json, "FractureWidth", int),
                   path_name=cls._convert(json, "Trajectory", str),
                   comment=cls._convert(json, "Comment", str))


class AvalancheActivity(types.AvalancheActivity, SnowObservation):
    def __init__(self, date: dt.date,
                 timeframe: Optional[AvalancheActivity.Timeframe] = None,
                 quantity: Optional[AvalancheActivity.Quantity] = None,
                 avalanche_type: Optional[AvalancheActivity.Type] = None,
                 sensitivity: Optional[Sensitivity] = None,
                 size: Optional[DestructiveSize] = None,
                 distribution: Optional[Distribution] = None,
                 elevation: Optional[Elevation] = None,
                 expositions: Optional[Expositions] = None,
                 comment: Optional[str] = None):
        """An observation of a group of avalanches.

        @param date: On what day were the avalanches triggered?
        @param timeframe: When during the day were the avalanches triggered?
        @param quantity: How many avalanches were triggered?
        @param avalanche_type: What kind of avalanche was triggered?
        @param sensitivity: The sensitivy to triggering of the avalanche problem.
        @param size: How large was the avalanches, on the standardized scale between 1-5?
        @param distribution: The distribution of the avalanche problem in the terrain.
        @param elevation: The elevation band of the avalanches.
        @param expositions: The expositions of the avalanches.
        @param comment: Comment regarding the avalanche activity.
        """
        avalanche_attributes = [avalanche_type, sensitivity, size, distribution, elevation, expositions]
        if quantity == self.Quantity.NO_ACTIVITY and any(e is not None for e in avalanche_attributes):
            raise NoObservationError("Avalanche attributes specified, but no avalanche activity reported.")

        timeframe_times = {
            None: {'start': dt.time(0), 'end': dt.time(23, 59)},
            '0-6': {'start': dt.time(0), 'end': dt.time(6)},
            '6-12': {'start': dt.time(6), 'end': dt.time(12)},
            '12-18': {'start': dt.time(12), 'end': dt.time(18)},
            '18-24': {'start': dt.time(18), 'end': dt.time(23, 59)},
        }[timeframe.value if timeframe is not None else None]
        self.start = TZ.localize(dt.datetime.combine(date, timeframe_times['start']))
        self.end = TZ.localize(dt.datetime.combine(date, timeframe_times['end']))
        self.quantity = quantity
        self.avalanche_type = avalanche_type
        self.sensitivity = sensitivity
        self.size = size
        self.distribution = distribution
        self.elevation = elevation
        self.expositions = expositions
        self.comment = comment

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "start": self.start,
            "end": self.end,
            "quantity": self.quantity,
            "avalanche_type": self.avalanche_type,
            "sensitivity": self.sensitivity,
            "size": self.size,
            "distribution": self.distribution,
            "elevation": self.elevation.to_dict() if self.elevation is not None else None,
            "expositions": self.expositions.to_dict() if self.expositions is not None else None,
            "comment": self.comment,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        obs = {
            'AvalPropagationTID': self.distribution,
            'AvalTriggerSimpleTID': self.sensitivity,
            'AvalancheExtTID': self.avalanche_type,
            'Comment': self.comment,
            'DestructiveSizeTID': self.size,
            'DtEnd': self.end.isoformat(),
            'DtStart': self.start.isoformat(),
            'EstimatedNumTID': self.quantity,
            'ValidExposition': self.expositions.serialize() if self.expositions is not None else None,
        }
        if self.elevation is not None:
            obs = {**obs, **self.elevation.serialize()}
        return self._clean(obs)

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> AvalancheActivity:
        elev = None
        if all(x in json for x in ["ExposedHeightComboTID", "ExposedHeight1"]):
            if None not in [json["ExposedHeightComboTID"], json["ExposedHeight1"]]:
                elev = Elevation.deserialize(json)
        activity = object.__new__(cls)
        activity.start = cls._apply(json, "DtStart", lambda x: dt.datetime.fromisoformat(x))
        activity.end = cls._apply(json, "DtEnd", lambda x: dt.datetime.fromisoformat(x))
        activity.quantity = cls._convert(json, "EstimatedNumTID", AvalancheActivity.Quantity)
        activity.avalanche_type = cls._convert(json, "AvalancheExtTID", AvalancheActivity.Type)
        activity.sensitivity = cls._convert(json, "AvalTriggerSimpleTID", Sensitivity)
        activity.size = cls._convert(json, "DestructiveSizeTID", DestructiveSize)
        activity.distribution = cls._convert(json, "AvalPropagationTID", Distribution)
        activity.elevation = elev
        activity.expositions = cls._apply(json, "ValidExposition", lambda x: Expositions.deserialize(x))
        activity.comment = cls._convert(json, "Comment", str)
        return activity


class Weather(types.Weather, SnowObservation):
    def __init__(self,
                 precipitation: Optional[Weather.Precipitation] = None,
                 wind_dir: Optional[Direction] = None,
                 air_temp: Optional[float] = None,
                 wind_speed: Optional[float] = None,
                 cloud_cover_percent: Optional[int] = None,
                 comment: Optional[str] = None):
        """Information regarding the weather.

        @param precipitation: The amount and kind of precipitation.
        @param wind_dir: The wind direction.
        @param air_temp: Air temperature.
        @param wind_speed: The wind speed.
        @param cloud_cover_percent: How much of the sky (in percent) is covered by clouds?
        @param comment: Comment regarding the weather.
        """
        if all(e is None for e in [precipitation, air_temp, wind_speed, cloud_cover_percent, wind_dir, comment]):
            raise NoObservationError("No argument passed to weather observation.")
        if cloud_cover_percent is not None and not (0 <= cloud_cover_percent <= 100):
            raise ValueError("Percentage must be within the range 0--100.")

        self.precipitation = precipitation
        self.wind_dir = wind_dir
        self.air_temp = air_temp
        self.wind_speed = wind_speed
        self.cloud_cover_percent = cloud_cover_percent
        self.comment = comment

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "precipitation": self.precipitation,
            "wind_dir": self.wind_dir,
            "air_temp": self.air_temp,
            "wind_speed": self.wind_speed,
            "cloud_cover_percent": self.cloud_cover_percent,
            "comment": self.comment,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        return self._clean({
            'AirTemperature': self.air_temp,
            'CloudCover': round(self.cloud_cover_percent) if self.cloud_cover_percent is not None else None,
            'Comment': self.comment,
            'PrecipitationTID': self.precipitation,
            'WindDirection': self.wind_dir * 45 if self.wind_dir is not None else None,
            'WindSpeed': self.wind_speed
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> Weather:
        weather = object.__new__(cls)
        weather.precipitation = cls._convert(json, "PrecipitationTID", cls.Precipitation)
        weather.wind_dir = cls._apply(json, "WindDirection", lambda x: Direction(round(x / 45) % 8))
        weather.air_temp = cls._convert(json, "AirTemperature", float)
        weather.wind_speed = cls._convert(json, "WindSpeed", float)
        weather.cloud_cover_percent = cls._convert(json, "CloudCover", int)
        weather.comment = cls._convert(json, "Comment", str)
        return weather


class SnowCover(types.SnowCover, SnowObservation):
    def __init__(self,
                 drift: Optional[SnowCover.Drift] = None,
                 surface: Optional[SnowCover.Surface] = None,
                 moisture: Optional[SnowCover.Moisture] = None,
                 hn24_cm: Optional[float] = None,
                 new_snow_line: Optional[int] = None,
                 hs_cm: Optional[float] = None,
                 snow_line: Optional[int] = None,
                 layered_snow_line: Optional[float] = None,
                 comment: Optional[str] = None):
        """Information regarding the top of the snowpack.

        @param drift: Are there any drifting snow?
        @param surface: What is on the surface of the snow cover?
        @param moisture: What is the moisture content of the snow cover?
        @param hn24_cm: How much snow has been accumulated over the last 24 hours (in cm)?
        @param new_snow_line: What is the lowest elevation of new snow (in metres)?
        @param hs_cm: How deep is the snow (in cm)?
        @param snow_line: What is the lowest elevation of snow (in metres)?
        @param layered_snow_line: What is the lowest elevation of layered snow (in metres)?
        @param comment: Comment regarding the snow cover.
        """
        if all(e is None for e in
               [drift, surface, moisture, hn24_cm, new_snow_line, hs_cm, snow_line, layered_snow_line, comment]):
            raise NoObservationError("No argument passed to snow cover observation.")

        self.drift = drift
        self.surface = surface
        self.moisture = moisture
        self.hn24_cm = hn24_cm
        self.new_snow_line = new_snow_line
        self.hs_cm = hs_cm
        self.snow_line = snow_line
        self.layered_snow_line = layered_snow_line
        self.comment = comment

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "drift": self.drift,
            "surface": self.surface,
            "moisture": self.moisture,
            "hn24_cm": self.hn24_cm,
            "new_snow_line": self.new_snow_line,
            "hs_cm": self.hs_cm,
            "snow_line": self.snow_line,
            "layered_snow_line": self.layered_snow_line,
            "comment": self.comment,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:

        return self._clean({
            'Comment': self.comment,
            'HeightLimitLayeredSnow': self.layered_snow_line,
            'NewSnowDepth24': self.hn24_cm / 100 if self.hn24_cm is not None else None,
            'NewSnowLine': round(self.new_snow_line) if self.new_snow_line is not None else None,
            'SnowDepth': self.hs_cm / 100 if self.hs_cm is not None else None,
            'SnowDriftTID': self.drift,
            'SnowLine': round(self.snow_line) if self.snow_line is not None else None,
            'SnowSurfaceTID': self.surface,
            'SurfaceWaterContentTID': self.moisture,
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> SnowCover:
        cover = object.__new__(cls)
        cover.drift = cls._convert(json, "SnowDriftTID", cls.Drift)
        cover.surface = cls._convert(json, "SnowSurfaceTID", cls.Surface)
        cover.moisture = cls._convert(json, "SurfaceWaterContentTID", cls.Moisture)
        cover.hn24_cm = cls._apply(json, "NewSnowDepth24", lambda x: x * 100)
        cover.new_snow_line = cls._convert(json, "NewSnowLine", int)
        cover.hs_cm = cls._convert(json, "SnowDepth", lambda x: x * 100)
        cover.snow_line = cls._convert(json, "SnowLine", int)
        cover.layered_snow_line = cls._convert(json, "HeightLimitLayeredSnow", int)
        cover.comment = cls._convert(json, "Comment", str)
        return cover


class CompressionTest(types.CompressionTest, SnowObservation):
    def __init__(self,
                 test_result: Optional[CompressionTest.TestResult] = None,
                 fracture_quality: Optional[CompressionTest.FractureQuality] = None,
                 stability: Optional[CompressionTest.Stability] = None,
                 number_of_taps: Optional[int] = None,
                 fracture_depth_cm: Optional[float] = None,
                 is_in_profile: Optional[bool] = None,
                 comment: Optional[str] = None):
        """Compression tests, such as CT and ECT.

        @param test_result: The kind of test and the result of that test.
        @param fracture_quality: The fracture quality, i.e. Q1, Q2 or Q3.
        @param stability: The stability of the snowpack according to the test.
        @param number_of_taps: The number of taps before collapse.
        @param fracture_depth_cm: The depth of the fracture (in cm).
        @param is_in_profile: Whether to include the compression test in the snow profile.
        @param comment: Comment regarding the compression test.
        """
        if all(e is None for e in [test_result, fracture_quality, stability, number_of_taps, fracture_depth_cm,
                                   is_in_profile, comment]):
            raise NoObservationError("No argument passed to compression test.")

        no_taps = [self.TestResult.ECTPV, self.TestResult.LBT, self.TestResult.CTV]
        all_taps = [self.TestResult.ECTX, self.TestResult.CTN]
        if number_of_taps is not None:
            if not (0 < number_of_taps <= 30):
                raise ValueError("Test taps must be in the range 1-30.")
            if test_result in no_taps or test_result in all_taps and not (number_of_taps == 0 or number_of_taps == 30):
                raise ValueError("Supplied test result had invalid number of taps.")

        if fracture_depth_cm is not None and test_result in all_taps:
            raise ValueError("Supplied test result must not have any fracture depth.")

        self.test_result = test_result
        self.fracture_quality = fracture_quality
        self.stability = stability
        self.number_of_taps = number_of_taps
        self.fracture_depth_cm = fracture_depth_cm
        self.is_in_profile = is_in_profile
        self.comment = comment

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "test_result": self.test_result,
            "fracture_quality": self.fracture_quality,
            "stability": self.stability,
            "number_of_taps": self.number_of_taps,
            "fracture_depth_cm": self.fracture_depth_cm,
            "is_in_profile": self.is_in_profile,
            "comment": self.comment,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        return self._clean({
            'PropagationTID': self.test_result,
            'ComprTestFractureTID': self.fracture_quality,
            'StabilityEvalTID': self.stability,
            'TapsFracture': round(self.number_of_taps) if self.number_of_taps is not None else None,
            'FractureDepth': self.fracture_depth_cm / 100 if self.fracture_depth_cm is not None else None,
            'IncludeInSnowProfile': self.is_in_profile,
            'Comment': self.comment,
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> CompressionTest:
        test = object.__new__(cls)
        test.test_result = cls._convert(json, "PropagationTID", cls.TestResult)
        test.fracture_quality = cls._convert(json, "ComprTestFractureTID", cls.FractureQuality)
        test.stability = cls._convert(json, "StabilityEvalTID", cls.Stability)
        test.number_of_taps = cls._convert(json, "TapsFracture", int)
        test.fracture_depth_cm = cls._convert(json, "FractureDepth", lambda x: x * 100)
        test.is_in_profile = cls._convert(json, "IncludeInSnowProfile", bool)
        test.comment = cls._convert(json, "Comment", str)
        return test


class SnowProfile(types.SnowProfile, SnowObservation):
    class Layer(Serializable, Deserializable, Dictable):
        def __init__(self,
                     thickness_cm: float,
                     hardness: SnowProfile.Hardness,
                     grain_form_primary: Optional[SnowProfile.GrainForm] = None,
                     grain_size_mm: Optional[SnowProfile.GrainSize] = None,
                     wetness: Optional[SnowProfile.Wetness] = None,
                     hardness_bottom: Optional[SnowProfile.Hardness] = None,
                     grain_form_sec: Optional[SnowProfile.GrainForm] = None,
                     grain_size_max_mm: Optional[SnowProfile.GrainSize] = None,
                     critical_layer: Optional[SnowProfile.CriticalLayer] = None,
                     comment: Optional[str] = None):
            """A snow layer of a snow profile.

            @param thickness_cm: Layer thickness (in cm).
            @param hardness: Layer hardness (F, 4F, 1F, P, K, I).
            @param grain_form_primary: Primary grain form.
            @param grain_size_mm: Grain size (in mm).
            @param wetness: Moisture content of the layer.
            @param hardness_bottom: Hardness at the bottom of the layer (F, 4F, 1F, P, K, I).
            @param grain_form_sec: Secondary grain form.
            @param grain_size_max_mm: Maximum grain size (in mm).
            @param critical_layer: Is this layer critical, and what part of it?
            @param comment: Comment regarding the snow layer.
            """
            if thickness_cm is not None and thickness_cm < 0:
                raise ValueError("Thickness must be larger than or equal to 0.")

            self.thickness_cm = thickness_cm
            self.hardness = hardness
            self.grain_form_primary = grain_form_primary
            self.grain_size_mm = grain_size_mm
            self.wetness = wetness
            self.hardness_bottom = hardness_bottom
            self.grain_form_sec = grain_form_sec
            self.grain_size_max_mm = grain_size_max_mm
            self.critical_layer = critical_layer
            self.comment = comment

        def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
            return {
                "thickness_cm": self.thickness_cm,
                "hardness": self.hardness,
                "grain_form_primary": self.grain_form_primary,
                "grain_size_mm": self.grain_size_mm,
                "wetness": self.wetness,
                "hardness_bottom": self.hardness_bottom,
                "grain_form_sec": self.grain_form_sec,
                "grain_size_max_mm": self.grain_size_max_mm,
                "critical_layer": self.critical_layer,
                "comment": self.comment,
            }

        def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
            return self._clean({
                'Thickness': self.thickness_cm / 100 if self.thickness_cm is not None else None,
                'HardnessTID': self.hardness,
                'GrainFormPrimaryTID': self.grain_form_primary,
                'GrainSizeAvg': self.grain_size_mm / 100 if self.grain_size_mm is not None else None,
                'WetnessTID': self.wetness,
                'HardnessBottomTID': self.hardness_bottom,
                'GrainFormSecondaryTID': self.grain_form_sec,
                'GrainSizeAvgMax': self.grain_size_max_mm / 100 if self.grain_size_max_mm is not None else None,
                'CriticalLayerTID': self.critical_layer,
                'Comment': self.comment,
            })

        @classmethod
        def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> SnowProfile.Layer:
            try:
                grain_size_mm = cls._apply(json, "GrainSizeAvg", lambda x: SnowProfile.GrainSize(x * 100))
            except ValueError:
                grain_size_mm = cls._apply(json, "GrainSizeAvg", lambda x: x * 100)
            try:
                grain_size_max_mm = cls._apply(json, "GrainSizeAvgMax", lambda x: SnowProfile.GrainSize(x * 100))
            except ValueError:
                grain_size_max_mm = cls._apply(json, "GrainSizeAvgMax", lambda x: x * 100)
            layer = object.__new__(cls)
            layer.thickness_cm = cls._apply(json, "Thickness", lambda x: x * 100)
            layer.hardness = cls._convert(json, "HardnessTID", SnowProfile.Hardness)
            layer.grain_form_primary = cls._convert(json, "GrainFormPrimaryTID", SnowProfile.GrainForm)
            layer.grain_size_mm = grain_size_mm
            layer.wetness = cls._convert(json, "WetnessTID", SnowProfile.Wetness)
            layer.hardness_bottom = cls._convert(json, "HardnessBottomTID", SnowProfile.Hardness)
            layer.grain_form_sec = cls._convert(json, "GrainFormSecondaryTID", SnowProfile.GrainForm)
            layer.grain_size_max_mm = grain_size_max_mm
            layer.critical_layer = cls._convert(json, "CriticalLayerTID", SnowProfile.CriticalLayer)
            layer.comment = cls._convert(json, "Comment", str)
            return layer

    class SnowTemp(Serializable, Deserializable, Dictable):
        def __init__(self,
                     depth_cm: float,
                     temp_c: float):
            """Snow temperature at a given depth.

            @param depth_cm: The depth measured (in cm from top).
            @param temp_c: The measured temperature (in Celsius).
            """
            if temp_c > 0:
                raise ValueError("Snow temperature must be lower than or equal to 0.")

            self.depth_cm = depth_cm
            self.temp_c = temp_c

        def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
            return {
                "depth_cm": self.depth_cm,
                "temp_c": self.temp_c,
            }

        def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
            return self._clean({
                'Depth': self.depth_cm / 100 if self.depth_cm is not None else None,
                'SnowTemp': self.temp_c,
            })

        @classmethod
        def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> SnowProfile.SnowTemp:
            temp = object.__new__(cls)
            temp.depth_cm = cls._apply(json, "Depth", lambda x: x * 100)
            temp.temp_c = cls._convert(json, "SnowTemp", float)
            return temp

    class Density(Serializable, Deserializable, Dictable):
        def __init__(self,
                     thickness_cm: float,
                     density_kg_per_cubic_metre: float):
            """Snow density at a given depth.

            @param thickness_cm: The thickness of the sample layer (in cm).
            @param density_kg_per_cubic_metre: The density (in kg/m³).
            """
            if thickness_cm < 0:
                raise ValueError("Thickness must be larger than or equal to 0.")

            self.thickness_cm = thickness_cm
            self.density_kg_per_cubic_metre = density_kg_per_cubic_metre

        def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
            return {
                "thickness_cm": self.thickness_cm,
                "density_kg_per_cubic_metre": self.density_kg_per_cubic_metre,
            }

        def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
            return self._clean({
                'Thickness': self.thickness_cm / 100 if self.thickness_cm is not None else None,
                'Density': self.density_kg_per_cubic_metre,
            })

        @classmethod
        def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> SnowProfile.Density:
            density = object.__new__(cls)
            density.thickness_cm = cls._apply(json, "Thickness", lambda x: x * 100)
            density.density_kg_per_cubic_metre = cls._convert(json, "Density", float)
            return density

    def __init__(self,
                 layers: List[SnowProfile.Layer] = (),
                 temperatures: List[SnowProfile.SnowTemp] = (),
                 densities: List[SnowProfile.Density] = (),
                 is_profile_to_ground: Optional[bool] = None,
                 comment: Optional[str] = None):
        """A snow profile, including tests, layers, temperatures and densities.

        @param layers: Snow layers included in the profile.
        @param temperatures: Temperatures measured in the snow profile.
        @param densities: Densities measured in the snow.
        @param is_profile_to_ground: Whether the snow profile was dug to the ground.
        @param comment: Comment regarding the snow profile.
        """
        if all(e is None for e in [layers, temperatures, densities, comment]):
            raise NoObservationError("Neither layers, temperatures, densities or comment passed to snow profile.")

        self.layers = layers
        self.temperatures = temperatures
        self.densities = densities
        self.is_profile_to_ground = is_profile_to_ground
        self.comment = comment

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "layers": list(map(lambda x: x.to_dict(), self.layers)) if self.layers is not None else None,
            "temperatures": list(
                map(lambda x: x.to_dict(), self.temperatures)
            ) if self.temperatures is not None else None,
            "densities": list(map(lambda x: x.to_dict(), self.densities)) if self.densities is not None else None,
            "is_profile_to_ground": self.is_profile_to_ground,
            "comment": self.comment,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        return self._clean({
            'StratProfile': self._clean({
                'Layers': list(map(lambda x: x.serialize(), self.layers)),
            }),
            'SnowTemp': self._clean({
                'Layers': list(map(lambda x: x.serialize(), self.temperatures)),
            }),
            'SnowDensity': [self._clean({
                'Layers': list(map(lambda x: x.serialize(), self.densities)),
            })] if len(self.densities) else None,
            'IsProfileToGround': self.is_profile_to_ground,
            'Comment': self.comment,
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> SnowProfile:
        layers = None
        if "StratProfile" in json and json["StratProfile"] is not None:
            if "Layers" in json["StratProfile"] and json["StratProfile"]["Layers"] is not None:
                layers = list(map(lambda x: SnowProfile.Layer.deserialize(x), json["StratProfile"]["Layers"]))
        temperatures = None
        if "SnowTemp" in json and json["SnowTemp"] is not None:
            if "Layers" in json["SnowTemp"] and json["SnowTemp"]["Layers"] is not None:
                temperatures = list(map(lambda x: SnowProfile.SnowTemp.deserialize(x), json["SnowTemp"]["Layers"]))
        densities = None
        if "SnowDensity" in json and json["SnowDensity"] is not None:
            for d_elem in json["SnowDensity"]:
                if "Layers" in d_elem and d_elem["Layers"] is not None:
                    if densities is None:
                        densities = []
                    densities += list(map(lambda x: SnowProfile.Density.deserialize(x), d_elem["Layers"]))
        profile = object.__new__(cls)
        profile.layers = layers
        profile.temperatures = temperatures
        profile.densities = densities
        profile.is_profile_to_ground = cls._convert(json, "IsProfileToGround", bool)
        profile.comment = cls._convert(json, "Comment", str)
        return profile


class AvalancheProblem(types.AvalancheProblem, SnowObservation):
    def __init__(self,
                 weak_layer: Optional[WeakLayer] = None,
                 layer_depth: Optional[AvalancheProblem.LayerDepth] = None,
                 avalanche_type: Optional[AvalancheProblem.Type] = None,
                 sensitivity: Optional[Sensitivity] = None,
                 size: Optional[DestructiveSize] = None,
                 distribution: Optional[Distribution] = None,
                 elevation: Optional[Elevation] = None,
                 expositions: Optional[Expositions] = None,
                 is_easy_propagation: Optional[bool] = None,
                 is_layer_thin: Optional[bool] = None,
                 is_soft_slab_above: Optional[bool] = None,
                 is_large_crystals: Optional[bool] = None,
                 comment: Optional[str] = None):
        """An avalanche problem assessed to be in the terrain.

        @param weak_layer: The kind of weak layer causing the avalanche problem.
        @param layer_depth: The depth of the layer of concern.
        @param avalanche_type: The type of avalanche that this problem could cause.
        @param sensitivity: The problems sensitivity to triggers.
        @param size: The size of potential avalanches caused by this problem.
        @param distribution: The distribution in the terrain of this avalanche problem
        @param elevation: The evelation band of the avalanche problem.
        @param expositions: The expositions that the avalanche problem exists in.
        @param is_easy_propagation: Whether a collaps in the layer of concern propagates easy.
        @param is_layer_thin: Whether the layer of concern is thin.
        @param is_soft_slab_above: Whether the layer of concern has a soft slap above it.
        @param is_large_crystals: Whether the layer of concern consists of large crystals.
        @param comment: Comment regarding the avalanche problem.
        """
        if all(e is None for e in
               [weak_layer, layer_depth, avalanche_type, sensitivity, size, distribution, elevation, expositions,
                is_easy_propagation, is_layer_thin, is_soft_slab_above, is_large_crystals, comment]):
            raise NoObservationError("No argument passed to avalanche problem assessment.")

        self.weak_layer = weak_layer
        self.layer_depth = layer_depth
        self.avalanche_type = avalanche_type
        self.sensitivity = sensitivity
        self.size = size
        self.distribution = distribution
        self.elevation = elevation
        self.expositions = expositions
        self.is_easy_propagation = is_easy_propagation
        self.is_layer_thin = is_layer_thin
        self.is_soft_slab_above = is_soft_slab_above
        self.is_large_crystals = is_large_crystals
        self.comment = comment

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "weak_layer": self.weak_layer,
            "layer_depth": self.layer_depth,
            "avalanche_type": self.avalanche_type,
            "sensitivity": self.sensitivity,
            "size": self.size,
            "distribution": self.distribution,
            "elevation": self.elevation.to_dict() if self.elevation is not None else None,
            "expositions": self.expositions.to_dict() if self.expositions is not None else None,
            "is_easy_propagation": self.is_easy_propagation,
            "is_layer_thin": self.is_layer_thin,
            "is_soft_slab_above": self.is_soft_slab_above,
            "is_large_crystals": self.is_large_crystals,
            "comment": self.comment,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        obs = {
            'AvalCauseTID': self.weak_layer,
            'AvalCauseDepthTID': self.layer_depth,
            'AvalCauseAttributeLightTID': 1 if self.is_easy_propagation else None,
            'AvalCauseAttributeThinTID': 2 if self.is_layer_thin else None,
            'AvalCauseAttributeSoftTID': 4 if self.is_soft_slab_above else None,
            'AvalCauseAttributeCrystalTID': 8 if self.is_large_crystals else None,
            'AvalancheExtTID': self.avalanche_type,
            'AvalTriggerSimpleTID': self.sensitivity,
            'DestructiveSizeTID': self.size,
            'AvalPropagationTID': self.distribution,
            'Comment': self.comment,
            'ValidExposition': self.expositions.serialize() if self.expositions is not None else None,
        }
        if self.elevation is not None:
            obs = {**obs, **self.elevation.serialize()}
        return self._clean(obs)

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> AvalancheProblem:
        elev = None
        if all(x in json for x in ["ExposedHeightComboTID", "ExposedHeight1"]):
            if None not in [json["ExposedHeightComboTID"], json["ExposedHeight1"]]:
                elev = Elevation.deserialize(json)
        problem = object.__new__(cls)
        problem.weak_layer = cls._convert(json, "AvalCauseTID", WeakLayer)
        problem.layer_depth = cls._convert(json, "AvalCauseDepthTID", cls.LayerDepth)
        problem.avalanche_type = cls._convert(json, "AvalancheExtTID", cls.Type)
        problem.sensitivity = cls._convert(json, "AvalTriggerSimpleTID", Sensitivity)
        problem.size = cls._convert(json, "DestructiveSizeTID", DestructiveSize)
        problem.distribution = cls._convert(json, "AvalPropagationTID", Distribution)
        problem.elevation = elev
        problem.expositions = cls._apply(json, "ValidExposition", lambda x: Expositions.deserialize(x))
        problem.is_easy_propagation = cls._convert(json, "AvalCauseAttributeLightTID", bool)
        problem.is_layer_thin = cls._convert(json, "AvalCauseAttributeThinTID", bool)
        problem.is_soft_slab_above = cls._convert(json, "AvalCauseAttributeSoftTID", bool)
        problem.is_large_crystals = cls._convert(json, "AvalCauseAttributeCrystalTID", bool)
        problem.comment = cls._convert(json, "Comment", str)
        return problem


class DangerAssessment(types.DangerAssessment, SnowObservation):
    def __init__(self,
                 danger_level: Optional[DangerAssessment.DangerLevel] = None,
                 forecast_evaluation: Optional[DangerAssessment.ForecastEvaluation] = None,
                 danger_assessment: Optional[str] = None,
                 danger_development: Optional[str] = None,
                 comment: Optional[str] = None):
        """A danger assessment based on the rest of the registration.

        @param danger_level: The assessed danger level, between 1-5.
        @param forecast_evaluation: An evaluation of the issued forecast for the given day and region.
        @param danger_assessment: An assessment of the current danger in the area of the registration.
        @param danger_development: An assessment of the development of the danger in the area of the registration.
        @param comment: Comment regarding the danger assessment.
        """
        if all(e is None for e in [danger_level, forecast_evaluation, danger_assessment, danger_development, comment]):
            raise NoObservationError("No argument passed to avalanche danger assessment.")

        self.danger_level = danger_level
        self.forecast_evaluation = forecast_evaluation
        self.danger_assessment = danger_assessment
        self.danger_development = danger_development
        self.comment = comment

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "danger_level": self.danger_level,
            "forecast_evaluation": self.forecast_evaluation,
            "danger_assessment": self.danger_assessment,
            "danger_development": self.danger_development,
            "comment": self.comment,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        return self._clean({
            'AvalancheDangerTID': self.danger_level,
            'ForecastCorrectTID': self.forecast_evaluation,
            'AvalancheEvaluation': self.danger_assessment,
            'AvalancheDevelopment': self.danger_development,
            'ForecastComment': self.comment,
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> DangerAssessment:
        assessment = object.__new__(cls)
        assessment.danger_level = cls._convert(json, "AvalancheDangerTID", cls.DangerLevel)
        assessment.forecast_evaluation = cls._convert(json, "ForecastCorrectTID", cls.ForecastEvaluation)
        assessment.danger_assessment = cls._convert(json, "AvalancheEvaluation", str)
        assessment.danger_development = cls._convert(json, "AvalancheDevelopment", str)
        assessment.comment = cls._convert(json, "ForecastComment", str)
        return assessment


class Incident(types.Incident, SnowObservation):
    def __init__(self,
                 activity: Optional[Incident.Activity] = None,
                 extent: Optional[Incident.Extent] = None,
                 comment: Optional[str] = None):
        """An avalanche incident risking health, property, the environment, or other things of value.

        @param activity: In what setting did the incident occur.
        @param extent: The extent of the damages to health, property, the environment, or other things of value.
        @param comment: Comment regarding the avalanche incident.
        """
        if all(e is None for e in [activity, extent, comment]):
            raise NoObservationError("No argument passed to incident observation.")

        self.activity = activity
        self.extent = extent
        self.comment = comment
        self.urls = []

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "activity": self.activity,
            "extent": self.extent,
            "comment": self.comment,
            "urls": list(map(lambda x: x.to_dict(), self.urls)),
        }

    def add_url(self, url: Url) -> Incident:
        """Adds an URL to the Incident.

        @param url: The Url object to add to the Incident.
        @return: self, with an added Url object.
        """
        self.urls.append(url)
        return self

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        return self._clean({
            'ActivityInfluencedTID': self.activity,
            'Comment': self.comment,
            'DamageExtentTID': self.extent,
            'IncidentURLs': list(map(lambda url: url.serialize(), self.urls)),
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> Incident:
        incident = object.__new__(cls)
        incident.activity = cls._convert(json, "ActivityInfluencedTID", cls.Activity)
        incident.extent = cls._convert(json, "DamageExtentTID", cls.Extent)
        incident.comment = cls._convert(json, "Comment", str)
        incident.urls = list(map(lambda url: Url.deserialize(url), json["IncidentURLs"]))
        return incident


class Note(types.Note, SnowObservation):
    def __init__(self, comment: str):
        """A general note for a registration.

        @param comment: Comment regarding the registration.
        """
        self.comment = comment
        self.urls = []

    def add_url(self, url: Url) -> Note:
        """Adds an URL to the Note.

        @param url: The Url object to add to the Note.
        @return: self, with an added Url object.
        """
        self.urls.append(url)
        return self

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "comment": self.comment,
            "urls": list(map(lambda x: x.to_dict(), self.urls)),
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        return self._clean({
            'ObsComment': self.comment,
            'Urls': list(map(lambda url: url.serialize(), self.urls)),
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> Note:
        note = cls(comment=cls._convert(json, "ObsComment", str))
        note.urls = list(map(lambda url: Url.deserialize(url), json["Urls"]))
        return note


class ImageInterface:
    mime = None
    direction = None
    photographer = None
    copyright_holder = None
    comment = None


class Image(ImageInterface, Serializable, Dictable):
    def __init__(self,
                 file_path: str,
                 direction: Optional[Direction] = None,
                 photographer: Optional[str] = None,
                 copyright_holder: Optional[str] = None,
                 comment: Optional[str] = None):
        """Add an image to the danger sign schema

        @param file_path: Path to image file to add.
        @param direction: The aspect of the image.
        @param photographer: Name of the photographer.
        @param copyright_holder: Name of person or organisation holding the copyright to the image.
        @param comment: Comment regarding the avalanche observation.
        """
        self.mime, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path, False)
        if self.mime is None or not re.match(r"^image", self.mime):
            raise ValueError("Could not recognize file name as an image.")

        self.uuid = None
        self.file_path = file_path
        self.direction = direction
        self.photographer = photographer
        self.copyright_holder = copyright_holder
        self.comment = comment

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "uuid": self.uuid,
            "file_path": self.file_path,
            "mime": self.mime,
            "direction": self.direction,
            "photographer": self.photographer,
            "copyright_holder": self.copyright_holder,
            "comment": self.comment,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> ObsJson:
        return self._clean({
            "AttachmentUploadId": self.uuid,
            "Aspect": self.direction * 45 if self.direction is not None else None,
            "AttachmentMimeType": self.mime,
            "Photographer": self.photographer,
            "Copyright": self.copyright_holder,
            "Comment": self.comment,
        })


# This class was created and published as a mistake.
# Just let it be.
class LocalImage(Image):
    pass


class UploadedImage(ImageInterface, Deserializable, Dictable):
    id = None
    url = None

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "id": self.id,
            "url": self.url,
            "mime": self.mime,
            "direction": self.direction,
            "photographer": self.photographer,
            "copyright_holder": self.copyright_holder,
            "comment": self.comment,
        }

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: ObsJson) -> UploadedImage:
        img = cls()
        img.mime = cls._convert(json, "AttachmentMimeType", str)
        img.direction = cls._apply(json, "Aspect", lambda x: Direction(round(x / 45) % 8))
        img.photographer = cls._convert(json, "Photographer", str)
        img.copyright_holder = cls._convert(json, "Copyright", str),
        img.comment = cls._convert(json, "Comment", str)
        img.id = cls._convert(json, "AttachmentId", int),
        img.url = cls._convert(json, "Url", str)
        return img


class Url(Serializable, Deserializable, Dictable):
    def __init__(self, url: str, description: str):
        """Url object, containing an address and a description.

        @param url: The web address to link to.
        @param description: A general description of the provided URL.
        """
        self.description = description
        self.url = url

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "description": self.description,
            "url": self.url,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
        return self._clean({
            'UrlDescription': self.description,
            'UrlLine': self.url,
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: Dict[str, str]) -> Url:
        return cls(url=cls._convert(json, "UrlLine", str),
                   description=cls._convert(json, "UrlDescription", str))


class Position(Dictable):
    def __init__(self, lat: float, lon: float):
        """A position, in WGS84 (lat/long).

        @param lat: The latitude of the position.
        @param lon: The longitude of the position.
        """
        if not (-90 <= lat <= 90) or not (-180 <= lon <= 180):
            raise ValueError("Latitude must be in the range -90--90, longitude -180--180.")

        self.lat = lat
        self.lon = lon
        self.region = None

    def __repr__(self):
        rep = [
            f"Latitude: {'{0:.5f}'.format(self.lat)}",
            f"Longitude: {'{0:.5f}'.format(self.lon)}"
        ]
        return f"Position( {', '.join(rep)} )"

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "lat": self.lat,
            "lon": self.lon,
            "region": self.region,
        }


class Observer(types.Observer, Dictable):
    nickname = None
    id = None
    competence = None
    group_name = None

    def __init__(self, group_id: Optional[int] = None):
        self.group_id = group_id

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "nickname": self.nickname,
            "id": self.id,
            "competence": self.competence,
            "group_id": self.group_id,
            "group_name": self.group_name
        }


class Elevation(types.Elevation, Serializable, Deserializable, Dictable):
    def __init__(self, elev_fmt: Elevation.Format, elev: int,
                 elev_secondary: Optional[int] = None):
        """An elevation band specification.

        - If C{elev_fmt == 1}, then the elevation band represents all elevations above C{elev}
        - If C{elev_fmt == 2}, then the elevation band represents all elevations below C{elev}
        - If C{elev_fmt == 3}, elevations above C{elev} as well as elevations below C{elev_secondary} are represented.
        - If C{elev_fmt == 4}, elevations between C{elev} and C{elev_secondary} are represented.

        @param elev_fmt: The format of the elevation band.
        @param elev: The first elevation of the elevation band.
        @param elev_secondary: The second elevation of the elevation band.
        """
        if not (0 <= elev <= 4808) or (elev_secondary is not None and not (0 <= elev_secondary <= 4808)):
            raise ValueError("Elevations must be in the range 0--4808 m.a.s.l.")
        if (elev_fmt == self.Format.ABOVE or elev_fmt == self.Format.BELOW) and elev_secondary is not None:
            raise ValueError("ABOVE and BELOW elevation formats does not use parameter elev_secondary.")
        elif (elev_fmt == self.Format.SANDWICH or elev_fmt == self.Format.MIDDLE) and elev_secondary is None:
            raise ValueError("SANDWICH and MIDDLE elevation formats must use parameter elev_secondary.")

        if elev_secondary is not None:
            self.elev_max = round(round(max(elev, elev_secondary), -2))
            self.elev_min = round(round(min(elev, elev_secondary), -2))
            self.elev_min -= 100 if self.elev_max == self.elev_min else 0
        else:
            self.elev_max = elev
            self.elev_min = None
        self.format = elev_fmt

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "format": self.format,
            "elev_max": self.elev_max,
            "elev_min": self.elev_min,
        }

    def serialize(self) -> Dict[str, int]:
        return self._clean({
            'ExposedHeightComboTID': self.format,
            'ExposedHeight1': self.elev_max,
            'ExposedHeight2': self.elev_min,
        })

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: Dict[str, int]) -> Elevation:
        elevation = object.__new__(cls)
        elev_fmt = cls._convert(json, "ExposedHeightComboTID", cls.Format)
        elev = cls._convert(json, "ExposedHeight1", int)
        elev_secondary = cls._convert(json, "ExposedHeight2", int)

        if elev_fmt in [3, 4]:
            elevation.elev_max = max(elev, elev_secondary)
            elevation.elev_min = min(elev, elev_secondary)
        else:
            elevation.elev_max = elev
            elevation.elev_min = None
        elevation.format = elev_fmt
        return elevation


class Expositions(Serializable, Deserializable, Dictable):
    def __init__(self, expositions: List[Direction]):
        """A collection of directions.

        @param expositions: The directions to include into the collection.
        """
        self.expositions = expositions

    def to_dict(self) -> ObsDict:
        return {
            "expositions": self.expositions
        }

    def serialize(self) -> str:
        exp = "00000000"
        for exposition in self.expositions:
            exp = exp[:exposition] + "1" + exp[exposition + 1:]
        return exp

    @classmethod
    def deserialize(cls, json: str) -> Expositions:
        if len(json) > 8:
            raise ValueError("Exposition string too long.")
        valids = map(lambda x: bool(int(x)), json)
        expositions = []
        for i, valid in enumerate(valids):
            if valid:
                expositions.append(Direction(i))
        return cls(expositions)

    def __contains__(self, direction: Direction) -> bool:
        return direction in self.expositions

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.expositions)

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.expositions)