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Linux Learning Resources

This file will be continually added to. If it gets big enough to justify splitting everything into different files and sub folders, I'll move things around

Linux Command Line Basics

Some of these commands are common across different operating systems and is very beneficial to familiarise yourself with

cd

  • Change your current directory
  • Move within your current working directory, or specify a path to change to

Example:

cd ../ - move up one folder to the parent folder

cd /usr/local - move into the folder named 'local' inside the 'usr' directory

ls

  • List the contents of the current directory

Example:

ls - By itself will list the contents of the folder you are in

ls -1 - List folder contents in a single column list

ls Has a lot of optional flags - More examples here

File reading and output redirection

Commands related to the reading of file contents, output redirection and manipulation of folders

head

  • Read only the first 10 lines (by default) of a file
  • Can use an argument to specify how many lines to output

Example:

head video_games.tsv - Outputs the first 10 lines of the file named video_games.tsv

head -3 package.json - Outputs the first 3 lines of the package.json file

tail

  • Similar to head but outputs the last 10 lines of a file by default
  • Can also use a number argument to specify the number of lines to display

Example:

tail package.json - Outputs the last 10 lines of package.json

tail -15 package.json - Outputs the last 15 lines of package.json

mv

  • Rename a directory

Example:

mv components pages - In the current directory, rename the folder called components to pages

curl

  • Fetch the source contents of a URL and output them to the console
  • Can use output redirection to store contents in a file

Example:

curl https://www.google.com - Fetches the page source of google.com and outputs the result

curl https://www.google.com > google.txt - Fetches the page source and writes the result to a file called google.txt. If the specified file doesn't exist, it is created and then written to

file

  • Describe a file's type and other details

Example:

file google.txt - Describes a file called google.txt with the output of:

  • google.txt: HTML document, ISO-8859 text, with very long lines

grep

  • Search a file for a pattern of text and return matching results
  • Follows the syntax of grep OPTIONS PATTERN FILE

Example:

grep "google" google.txt - Searches the google.txt file for case sensitive matches of "google" and outputs the results grep -i "google" google.txt - Searches for case insensitive matches of "google", including "Google", and outputs the results