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setup.ps
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/F0 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
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F2 .38(\(8\) program for more details.)B .38(All \214x)5.38 F .38
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(disklabel)2.93 E F0 .43(program present.)2.93 F .43
(While the system call interf)5.43 F .429
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(full bootstrap from the distrib)72 171.6 R .469
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F 2.969<778c>-.25 G .469(le names)-2.969 F .035
(longer than 14 characters.)72 183.6 R .034
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.153(This distrib)97 378 R .153
(ution can be booted on a PDP-11 with 1Mb of memory or more)-.2 F/F4 10
/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 2.653(,s)C .153(eparate I&D, and with)-2.653 F(an)72
390 Q 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing disks:)-.25 E
(RK06, RK07)108 414 Q(An)108 426 Q 2.5(yM)-.15 G(SCP disk, including b)
-2.5 E(ut not limited to: RD53, RD54, RA81, RZ2x)-.2 E(RM03, RM05)108
438 Q(RP04, RP05, RP06)108 450 Q(Man)108 462 Q 2.5(yo)-.15 G
(ther SMD disks, for e)-2.5 E(xample: CDC 9766, Fuji 160, Fuji Eagle)
-.15 E 1.835(Other disks are supported \(RX23, RX33, RX50, RD51\) b)97
489.6 R 1.836(ut are not lar)-.2 F 1.836(ge enough to hold a root)-.18 F
.132(\214lesystem plus a sw)72 501.6 R .132(ap partition.)-.1 F .132
(The old restriction of using RL02 dri)5.132 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(si)
.15 G 2.631(np)-2.631 G .131(airs has been lifted.)-2.631 F .131
(It is no)5.131 F(w)-.25 E .747
(possible to de\214ne a root \('a'\) partition and a sw)72 513.6 R .747
(ap partition \('b'\) and load at least the root \214lesystem to a)-.1 F
.453(single RL02.)72 525.6 R .453(Discs which are too small to hold e)
5.453 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.953(nar).15 G .453
(oot \214lesystem \(\215oppies for e)-2.953 F .452(xample\) may be used)
-.15 F .944(as data disks or as standalone boot media, b)72 537.6 R .945
(ut are not useable for loading the distrib)-.2 F 3.445(ution. Others,)
-.2 F(while)3.445 E .771(listed abo)72 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.271(,a)
.15 G .771(re not v)-3.271 F .771
(ery well suited to loading the distrib)-.15 F 3.27(ution. The)-.2 F .77
(RK06/07 dri)3.27 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.27(sa).15 G .77(re hard pressed to)
-3.27 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)72 561.6 T 2.5(nh).25 G
(old the system binaries, much less the sources.)-2.5 E(The tape dri)97
577.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ss).15 G(upported by this distrib)-2.5 E
(ution are:)-.2 E(TS11, TU80, TK25)108 601.2 Q(TM11, A)108 613.2 Q
(VIV 6250/1600)-1.35 E(TE16, TU45, TU77)108 625.2 Q
(TK50, TU81, TU81+, TZ30)108 637.2 Q .028(Although 2.11BSD contains a k)
72 661.2 R .028(ernel le)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.528<6c8d>.15 G .028
(oating point simulator)-2.528 F 2.528(,i)-.4 G 2.528(th)-2.528 G .028
(as ne)-2.528 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.528(rb).15 G .028(een tested.)-2.528 F
.029(In f)5.029 F .029(act it w)-.1 F(ould)-.1 E .277(not e)72 673.2 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.777(nc).15 G .276(ompile/assemble without errors!)
-2.777 F .276(That problem has been \214x)5.276 F .276(ed b)-.15 F .276
(ut it is still not kno)-.2 F 2.776(wi)-.25 G 2.776(ft)-2.776 G .276
(he simu-)-2.776 F 1.007(lator w)72 685.2 R 1.007
(orks, KDJ-11 based systems ha)-.1 F 1.307 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.007
(uiltin \215oating point so the simulator can not be tested.)-.05 F
1.008(At the)6.007 F 1.039(release of 2.10BSD some thought w)72 697.2 R
1.039(as gi)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.539(nt).15 G 3.539(ot)-3.539 G 1.039
(he possibility of lifting the separate I&D restriction, b)-3.539 F(ut)
-.2 E .32 LW 144 705.2 72 705.2 DL/F5 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 718.8 Q/F6 8
/Times-Roman@0 SF .109(2.11BSD w)5.176 F .109(ould probably only require a moderate amount of squeezing to \214t on machines with less memory)
-.08 F(,)-.52 E -.16(bu)82 728.8 S 2(ti).16 G 2(tw)-2 G(ould also be v)
-2.08 E(ery unhapp)-.12 E 2(ya)-.08 G(bout the prospect.)-2 E F0
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 3)177.84 E .514(that thought has languished.)72 84
R .514(The w)5.514 F .515(ork will ne)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.015(rb).15
G 3.015(ed)-3.015 G 3.015(one. As)-3.015 F .515
(time passes more and more programs ha)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
(become almost too lar)72 96 Q(ge e)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G
(ith separate I&D.)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(2. Distrib)72 120 R
(ution f)-.2 E(ormat)-.25 E F0(The basic distrib)97 135.6 Q
(ution contains the follo)-.2 E(wing items:)-.25 E 10(\(2\) 1600bpi)108
153.6 R(2400' magnetic tapes, or)2.5 E 10(\(2\) TK25)108 165.6 R
(tape cartridges, or)2.5 E 10(\(1\) TK50)108 177.6 R
(tape cartridge, and)2.5 E 10(\(1\) Hardcop)108 189.6 R 2.5(yo)-.1 G 2.5
(ft)-2.5 G(his document,)-2.5 E 10(\(1\) Hardcop)108 201.6 R 2.5(yo)-.1
G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Chang)2.5 E
(es in 2.11BSD)-.1 E F0(document,)2.5 E 10(\(1\) Hardcop)108 213.6 R 2.5
(yo)-.1 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he 2.11BSD /README and /VERSION \214les, and)
-2.5 E 10(\(1\) Hardcop)108 225.6 R 2.5(yo)-.1 G 2.5(fm)-2.5 G
(anual pages from sections 4, and 8.)-2.5 E .417(Installation on an)72
243.6 R 2.917(ym)-.15 G .417(achine requires a tape unit.)-2.917 F .417
(Since certain standard PDP-11 packages do not include a)5.417 F .551
(tape dri)72 255.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.051(,t).15 G .552
(his means one must either borro)-3.051 F 3.052(wo)-.25 G .552
(ne from another PDP-11 system or one must be purchased)-3.052 F
(separately)72 267.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1 .25(The distrib)97 283.2 R .25
(ution does not \214t on se)-.2 F -.1(ve)-.15 G .25
(ral standard PDP-11 con\214gurations that contain only small).1 F
(disks)72 295.2 Q F0 5.85(.I)C 3.35(fy)-5.85 G .85(our hardw)-3.35 F .85
(are con\214guration does not pro)-.1 F .85(vide at)-.15 F F1 .85
(least 75)3.35 F F0(Me)3.35 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .85
(bytes of disk space you can still).05 F .807(install the distrib)72
307.2 R .807(ution, b)-.2 F .807(ut you will probably ha)-.2 F 1.107
-.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.307(oo).15 G .807
(perate without source for the user le)-3.307 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.306(lc)
.15 G(ommands)-3.306 E(and, possibly)72 319.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G
(he source for the operating system.)-2.5 E .955
(The root \214le system no)97 334.8 R 3.455(wo)-.25 G(ccupies)-3.455 E
F1 3.455(am)3.455 G .955(inimum of 4Mb)-3.455 F F0 5.955(.I)C 3.455(fa)
-5.955 G 3.455(ta)-3.455 G .955(ll possible a lar)-3.455 F(ger)-.18 E
3.456(,6o)-.4 G 3.456(r7)-3.456 G .956(Mb, root)-3.456 F
(partition should be de\214ned when using the standalone)72 346.8 Q F1
(disklabel)2.5 E F0(program.)2.5 E .209(If you ha)97 362.4 R .509 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H .209(he f).15 F .209(acilities, it is a good idea to cop)-.1
F 2.709(yt)-.1 G .209(he magnetic tape\(s\) in the distrib)-2.709 F .209
(ution kit to guard)-.2 F(ag)72 374.4 Q 1.438(ainst disaster)-.05 F
6.438(.T)-.55 G 1.438(he tapes are 9-track 1600 BPI, TK50 or TK25 cartridges and contain some 512-byte)
-6.438 F 1.873(records, follo)72 386.4 R 1.873
(wed by some 1024-byte records, follo)-.25 F 1.872(wed by man)-.25 F
4.372(y1)-.15 G 1.872(0240-byte records.)-4.372 F 1.872(There are inter)
6.872 F(-)-.2 E
(spersed tape marks; end-of-tape is signaled by a double end-of-\214le.)
72 398.4 Q .041
(The basic bootstrap material is present in six short \214les at the be)
97 414 R .042(ginning of the \214rst tape.)-.15 F .042
(The \214rst \214le)5.042 F .955
(on the tape contains preliminary bootstrapping programs.)72 426 R .955
(This is follo)5.955 F .954(wed by se)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .954
(ral standalone utilities).15 F(\()72 438 Q F2(disklabel)A F0(,)A F2
(mkfs)2.558 E F0(\(8\),)1.666 E F2 -.37(re)2.558 G(stor).37 E F0 .058
(\(8\), and)1.666 F F2(ic)2.558 E(hec)-.15 E(k)-.2 E F0(\(8\))1.666 E/F3
10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 2.557(\)f)C(ollo)-2.557 E .057
(wed by a full dump of a root \214le system \(see)-.25 F F2(dump)2.557 E
F0(\(8\)\).)1.666 E -.15(Fo)72 450 S(llo).15 E 2.017
(wing the root \214le system dump is a tape archi)-.25 F 2.317 -.15
(ve i)-.25 H 2.017(mage of).15 F F1(/usr)4.517 E F0 -.15(ex)4.518 G
2.018(cept for).15 F F1(/usr/sr)4.518 E(c)-.18 E F0(\(see)4.518 E F2
(tar)4.518 E F0(\(1\)\).)1.666 E(Finally)72 462 Q 2.555(,at)-.65 G .055
(ape archi)-2.555 F .355 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.554(fs).15 G .054
(ource for include \214les and k)-2.554 F .054
(ernel source ends the \214rst tape.)-.1 F .054(The second tape con-)
5.054 F(tains a tape archi)72 474 Q .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(mage, also in)
.15 E F2(tar)2.5 E F0
(format, of all the remaining source that comes with the system.)2.5 E
.633(The entire distrib)97 489.6 R .633(ution \(barely\) \214ts on a single TK50 cartridge, references to the second tape should)
-.2 F 1.079(be treated as being the 9th \214le on the TK50.)72 501.6 R
(Man)6.078 E 3.578(yo)-.15 G 3.578(ft)-3.578 G 1.078
(he programs in /usr/src/ne)-3.578 F 3.578(wh)-.25 G -2.25 -.2(av e)
-3.578 H 1.078(been tar+com-)3.778 F(press')72 513.6 Q 2.5(di)-.5 G 2.5
(no)-2.5 G(rder to k)-2.5 E(eep the distrib)-.1 E
(ution to a single tape.)-.2 E .32 LW 144 706.4 72 706.4 DL/F4 8/Symbol
SF<ad>72 720 Q/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .122(References of the form X\(Y\) mean the subsection named X in section Y of the UNIX programmer')
5.176 F 2.123(sm)-.44 G(anual.)-2.123 E F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 4)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)179.51 E -.93(TA)72 84 S
(PE 1:).93 E -.8(Ta)72 102 S(pe \214le).8 E(Record size)15 E(Records)15
E/F1 10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0(Contents)15 E .4 LW 443.63 106.5 72 106.5 DL
50.7(05)86.735 116 S 47.865(12 1)-50.7 F(primary tape boot block)24.4 E
47.865(512 1)142.435 128 R(boot block \(some tape boot R)24.4 E
(OMs go for this cop)-.4 E(y\))-.1 E 42.865(512 69)142.435 140 R
(standalone)24.4 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(boot)2.5 E F0(program)2.5 E
45.7(11)86.735 152 S 42.865(024 37)-45.7 F(standalone)24.4 E F2
(disklabel)2.5 E F0 45.7(21)86.735 164 S 42.865(024 33)-45.7 F
(standalone)24.4 E F2(mkfs)2.5 E F0(\(8\))A 45.7(31)86.735 176 S 42.865
(024 35)-45.7 F(standalone)24.4 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(stor).18 E F0(\(8\))A
45.7(41)86.735 188 S 42.865(024 32)-45.7 F(standalone)24.4 E F2(icheck)
2.5 E F0(\(8\))A 40.7(51)86.735 200 S 37.865(0240 285)-40.7 F/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(dump)24.4 E F0(of `)2.5 E(`root')-.74 E 2.5<278c>-.74
G(le system)-2.5 E 40.7(61)86.735 212 S 32.865(0240 3368)-40.7 F F3(tar)
24.4 E F0(dump of /usr)2.5 E 2.5(,e)-.4 G(xcepting /usr/src)-2.65 E 40.7
(71)86.735 224 S 37.865(0240 519)-40.7 F F3(tar)24.4 E F0
(dump of /usr/src/include and /usr/src/sys)2.5 E -.93(TA)72 254 S(PE 2:)
.93 E -.8(Ta)72 272 S(pe \214le).8 E(Record size)15 E(Records)15 E F1
<ad>A F0(Contents)15 E 424.81 276.5 72 276.5 DL 40.7(01)86.735 286 S
32.865(0240 4092)-40.7 F F3(tar)24.4 E F0(dump of /usr/src, e)2.5 E
(xcepting include and sys)-.15 E F2 2.5(3. UNIX)72 322 R(de)2.5 E
(vice naming)-.15 E F0(UNIX has a set of names for de)97 337.6 Q
(vices which are dif)-.25 E(ferent from the DEC names for the de)-.25 E
(vices.)-.25 E
(The disk and tape names used by the bootstrap and the system are:)72
361.6 Q(RK06, RK07 disks)108 385.6 Q(hk)83.87 E(RL01, RL02 disks)108
397.6 Q(rl)86.09 E 133.32(RK05 rk)108 409.6 R(MSCP disks)108 421.6 Q(ra)
109.97 E 106.09(RM02/03/05 xp)108 433.6 R 109.42(RP04/05/06 xp)108 445.6
R(SMD disks)108 457.6 Q(xp)114.98 E(TM02/03, TE16, TU45, TU77 tapes)108
469.6 Q(ht)15 E(TE10/TM11 tapes)108 481.6 Q(tm)86.66 E(TS11 tapes)108
493.6 Q(ts)114.99 E(TMSCP tapes)108 505.6 Q(tms)103.87 E(Additionally)72
529.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he follo)-2.5 E(wing non-DEC de)-.25 E
(vices are also supported:)-.25 E(SI 9500, CDC 9766)108 553.6 Q(si)90.42
E(SI, CDC 9775)108 565.6 Q(xp)112.92 E(SI6100, Fujitsu Eagle 2351A)108
577.6 Q(xp)53.2 E(Emule)108 589.6 Q 2.5(xS)-.15 G
(C01B or SI9400, Fujitsu 160)-2.5 E(xp)15 E(Emule)108 601.6 Q 2.5(xS)
-.15 G(C-21, xp)-2.5 E .829(The generic SMD disk dri)72 625.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G F3(xp)3.729 E F0 3.329(,w)C .829
(ill handle most types of SMD disks on one or more controllers \(e)
-3.329 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(dif)72 637.6 Q .236
(ferent types on the same controller\).)-.25 F(The)5.236 E F2(xp)2.736 E
F0(dri)2.736 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.736(rh).15 G .236
(andles RM03, RM05, RP04, RP05 and)-2.736 F .237(RP06 disks)5.237 F
(on DEC, Emule)72 649.6 Q(x, Dilog, and SI UNIB)-.15 E(US or MASSB)-.1 E
(US controllers.)-.1 E 2.553
(MSCP disks and TMSCP tapes include SCSI dri)97 665.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
5.053(sa).15 G 2.553(ttached to the RQZX1 controller on the)-5.053 F
4.021(PDP-11/93. MSCP)72 677.2 R 1.521
(disks and TMSCP tapes also include SCSI dri)4.021 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
4.021(sa).15 G 1.522(ttached to the Emule)-4.021 F 4.022(xU)-.15 G 1.522
(C07 or)-4.022 F 2.255(UC08 Q-B)72 689.2 R 2.255(US controllers on Q-b)
-.1 F 2.255(us systems as well as the UC17 and UC18 controllers on UNIB)
-.2 F(US)-.1 E .32 LW 144 697.2 72 697.2 DL/F4 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 710.8 Q
/F5 8/Times-Roman@0 SF 1.103(The number of records in each tape \214le are approximate and do not necessarily correspond to the actual)
5.176 F(number on the tape.)82 720.8 Q F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q
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72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 5)177.84 E(systems.)72 84 Q
(The standalone system used to bootstrap the full UNIX system uses de)97
99.6 Q(vice names of the form:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(xx)108
117.6 Q F0(\()1.666 E F1(c)A F0(,)A F1(y)A F0(,)A F1(z)A F0(\))A(where)
72 135.6 Q F1(xx)2.542 E F0 .042(is one of)2.542 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(hk)2.542 E F0(,)A F2(ht)2.542 E F0(,)A F2(rk)2.543 E F0(,)A F2(rl)2.543
E F0(,)A F2(tm)2.543 E F0(,)A F2(ts)2.543 E F0(,)A F2(tms)2.543 E F0
2.543(,o)C(r)-2.543 E F2(xp)2.543 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F
(alue)-.25 E F1(c)2.543 E F0 .043
(speci\214es the controller number \(0-3\).)2.543 F(This)5.043 E -.25
(va)72 147.6 S(lue is usually not e).25 E(xplicitly gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.5(n. The).15 F(def)2.5 E
(ault is 0 if booting from the standard \(\214rst\) CSR of a de)-.1 E
(vice.)-.25 E 2.217(Example: if there are tw)97 163.2 R 4.717(oM)-.1 G
2.216(SCP controllers in the system addressed as 0172150 and 0172154)
-4.717 F(respecti)72 175.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .25
(ly booting from the controller at 172154 requires that).15 F F1(c)2.75
E F0 .25(be gi)2.75 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.75(na).15 G 2.75(s1)-2.75 G 5.25
(.B)-2.75 G .25(ooting from the standard)-5.25 F 1.613(CSR of 0172150 w)
72 187.2 R 1.613(ould be done by specifying)-.1 F F1(c)4.112 E F0 1.612
(as 0 or omitting the)4.112 F F1(c)4.112 E F0(parameter)4.112 E(.)-.55 E
F2(boot)6.612 E F0(automatically)4.112 E 1.658
(detects if the \214rst \(standard\) CSR is being used.)72 199.2 R 1.658
(All future references will ignore the)9.158 F F1(c)4.159 E F0 1.659
(parameter by)4.159 F(assuming the def)72 211.2 Q(ault v)-.1 E(alue.)
-.25 E .719(The v)97 226.8 R(alue)-.25 E F1(y)3.219 E F0 .719
(speci\214es the de)3.219 F .719(vice or dri)-.25 F 1.018 -.15(ve u)-.25
H .718(nit to use.).15 F(The)5.718 E F1(z)3.218 E F0 -.25(va)3.218 G
.718(lue is interpreted dif).25 F .718(ferently for tapes)-.25 F .651(and disks: for disks it is a partition number \(0 thru 7\) corresponding to partitions \264a\264 thru \264h\264 respecti)
72 238.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E .542(This should al)72 250.8
R -.1(wa)-.1 G .542(ys be zero unless you).1 F F2 -.18(re)3.042 G(ally)
.18 E F0(kno)3.042 E 3.042(ww)-.25 G .542(hat you are doing.)-3.042 F
.541(The ability to load a k)5.541 F .541(ernel from)-.1 F 1.198(the sw)
72 262.8 R 1.198(ap area is planned for the future b)-.1 F 1.198
(ut does not presently e)-.2 F 3.698(xist. F)-.15 F 1.198(or tapes)-.15
F F1(z)3.698 E F0 1.198(is a \214le number on the)3.698 F(tape.)72 274.8
Q/F3 10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 .692(In all simple cases, a dri)97 290.4 R
.992 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .692(ith unit number 0 \(determined either by a unit plug on the front of the)
.15 F(dri)72 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.059(,o).15 G 3.059(rj)-3.059 G
.559(umper settings on the dri)-3.059 F .859 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.059(rc)
.15 G .559(ontroller\) will be called unit 0 in its UNIX \214le name.)
-3.059 F .559(\214le name.)5.559 F 1.145
(If there are multiple controllers, the dri)72 314.4 R 1.445 -.15(ve u)
-.25 H 1.146
(nit numbers will normally be counted within each controller).15 F(.)
-.55 E .664(Thus dri)72 326.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.164(so).15 G 3.164(nt)
-3.164 G .663(he the \214rst controller are numbered 0 thru 7 and dri)
-3.164 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.163(so).15 G 3.163(nt)-3.163 G .663
(he second controller are num-)-3.163 F .592
(bered 0 thru 7 on controller 1.)72 338.4 R .592(Returning to the discussion of the standalone system, recall that tapes also)
5.592 F .308(took tw)72 350.4 R 2.808(oi)-.1 G(nte)-2.808 E .308
(ger parameters.)-.15 F .308
(In the case of a TE16/TU tape formatter on dri)5.308 F .607 -.15(ve 0)
-.25 H 2.807(,t).15 G .307(he \214les on the tape ha)-2.807 F -.15(ve)
-.2 G .132(names `)72 362.4 R(`ht\(0,0\)')-.74 E .132(', `)-.74 F
(`ht\(0,1\)')-.74 E .132(', etc.)-.74 F .132(Here `)5.132 F(`\214le')
-.74 E 2.632('m)-.74 G .133
(eans a tape \214le containing a single data stream separated by)-2.632
F 2.506(as)72 374.4 S .006(ingle tape mark.)-2.506 F .006(The distrib)
5.006 F .006(ution tapes ha)-.2 F .306 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .006
(ata structures in the tape \214les and though the \214rst tape con-).15
F(tains only 7 tape \214les, it contains se)72 386.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ral thousand UNIX \214les.).15 E 1.221(Each UNIX ph)97 402 R 1.221
(ysical disk is di)-.05 F 1.221
(vided into 8 logical disk partitions, each of which may occup)-.25 F
3.722(ya)-.1 G -.15(ny)-3.722 G(consecuti)72 414 Q .747 -.15(ve cy)-.25
H .447(linder range on the ph).15 F .447(ysical de)-.05 F 2.947
(vice. While)-.25 F -.15(ove)2.947 G .447(rlapping partitions are allo)
.15 F .446(wed the)-.25 F 2.946(ya)-.15 G .446(re not a)-2.946 F .688
(good idea, being an accident w)72 426 R .689
(aiting to happen \(making one \214lesystem will destro)-.1 F 3.189(yt)
-.1 G .689(he other o)-3.189 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(rlapping).15 E 3.096
(\214lesystems\). The)72 438 R -.15(cy)3.096 G .595
(linders occupied by the 8 partitions for each dri).15 F .895 -.15(ve t)
-.25 H .595(ype are speci\214ed by the disk label).15 F
(read from the disk.)72 450 Q .22(If no label e)97 465.6 R .22
(xists the disk will not be bootable and while the k)-.15 F .22
(ernel attempts not to damage unlabeled)-.1 F .354(disks \(by sw)72
477.6 R .354(apping to or doing a crash dump on a li)-.1 F .654 -.15
(ve \214)-.25 H .353
(lesystem\) there is a chance that \214lesystem damage).15 F
(will result if a k)72 489.6 Q(ernel is loaded from an unlabeled disk.)
-.1 E .561(The standalone)97 505.2 R F2(disklabel)3.061 E F0 .561
(program is used to de\214ne the partition tables.)3.061 F .562
(Each partition may be used)5.562 F .487(either as a ra)72 517.2 R 2.987
(wd)-.15 G .487(ata area \(such as a sw)-2.987 F .486
(apping area\) or to store a UNIX \214le system.)-.1 F .486
(It is mandatory for the)5.486 F .332
(\214rst partition on a disk to start at sector of)72 529.2 R .333
(fset 0 because the 'a' partition is used to read and write the label)
-.25 F .624(\(which is at the be)72 541.2 R .624(ginning of the disk\).)
-.15 F .624(If the dri)5.624 F .924 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.124(st).15 G
3.124(ob)-3.124 G 3.124(eu)-3.124 G .623
(sed to bootstrap a UNIX system then the 'a')-3.124 F .325
(partition must be of type)72 553.2 R F2(2.11BSD)2.826 E F0 .326
(\(FS_V71K in)2.826 F F1(disklabel.h)2.826 E F0 2.826(\)a)C .326
(nd at least 4Mb is size.)-2.826 F 2.826(A')5.326 G .326
(b' partition of at)-2.826 F .846
(least 2-3Mb \(4Mb is a good choice if space is a)72 565.2 R -.25(va)-.2
G .846(ilable\) for sw).25 F .846(apping is also needed.)-.1 F .846
(If a dri)5.846 F 1.146 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.346(sb).15 G(eing)-3.346 E
.461(used solely for data then that dri)72 577.2 R .761 -.15(ve n)-.25 H
.461(eed not ha).15 F .761 -.15(ve a ')-.2 H .461(b' \(sw).15 F .461
(ap\) partition b)-.1 F .461(ut partition 'a' must still span the)-.2 F
.046(\214rst part of the disk.)72 589.2 R .046
(The second partition is used as a sw)5.046 F .046
(apping area, and the rest of the disk is di)-.1 F .045(vided into)-.25
F(spaces for additional `)72 601.2 Q(`mounted \214le systems')-.74 E 2.5
('b)-.74 G 2.5(yu)-2.5 G(se of one or more additional partitions.)-2.5 E
.32 LW 144 609.2 72 609.2 DL/F4 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 622.8 Q/F5 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Note:)5.176 E/F6 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .744
(that while a tape \214le consists of a single data stream, the distrib)
2.744 F .743(ution tape\(s\) ha)-.16 F .983 -.12(ve d)-.16 H .743
(ata structures in).12 F(these \214les.)82 632.8 Q
(Although the \214rst tape contains only 8 tape \214les, the)4 E 2(yc)
-.12 G(omprise se)-2 E -.12(ve)-.2 G(ral thousand UNIX \214les.).12 E F5
(Note:)82 644.6 Q F6 .258(The standalone tape dri)2.257 F .498 -.12
(ve u)-.2 H .258(nit number is specially encoded to specify both unit number and tape den-)
.12 F .037(sity \(BPI\).)82 654.6 R .037
(Most tape subsystems either automatically adjust to tape density or ha)
4.037 F .276 -.12(ve s)-.16 H .036(witches on the dri).12 F -.12(ve)-.2
G 2.036(st).12 G(o)-2.036 E .673
(force the density to a particular setting, b)82 664.6 R .673
(ut for those which don')-.16 F 2.673(tt)-.144 G .673(he follo)-2.673 F
.673(wing density select mechanisms)-.2 F .065(may be necessary)82 674.6
R 4.065(.T)-.52 G(he)-4.065 E F5(ts)2.065 E F6 .065(only operates at 1600BPI, so there is no special unit density encoding.)
2.065 F(The)4.064 E F5(ht)2.064 E F6(will)2.064 E .85
(operate at either 800BPI or 1600BPI.)82 684.6 R .851
(Units 0 through 3 corresponding to 800BPI, and Units 4 through 7)4.851
F .465(corresponding to 1600BPI on dri)82 694.6 R -.12(ve)-.2 G 2.465
(s0t).12 G .465(hrough 3 respecti)-2.465 F -.12(ve)-.2 G(ly).12 E 4.464
(.T)-.52 G .464(he standard DEC)-4.464 F F5(tm)2.464 E F6 .464
(only supports 800BPI)2.464 F .316(\(and hence can')82 704.6 R 2.316(tb)
-.144 G 2.316(eu)-2.316 G .316(sed with the 2.11BSD distrib)-2.316 F
.316(ution tape\), b)-.16 F .316(ut se)-.16 F -.12(ve)-.2 G .316
(ral widely used).12 F F5(tm)2.316 E F6 .316(emulators support)2.316 F
.541(1600BPI and e)82 714.6 R -.12(ve)-.2 G 2.541(n6).12 G 2.541
(250BPI. Units)-2.541 F 2.541(0t)2.541 G .541
(hrough 3 corresponding to 800BPI, Units 4 through 7 corresponding)
-2.541 F
(to 1600BPI, and Units 8 through 11 corresponding to 6250BPI on dri)82
724.6 Q -.12(ve)-.2 G 2(s0t).12 G(hrough 3 respecti)-2 E -.12(ve)-.2 G
(ly).12 E(.)-.52 E F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 6)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)179.51 E .599
(The third \('c'\) logical partition of each ph)97 84 R .599
(ysical disk also has a con)-.05 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .6
(ntional usage: it allo).15 F .6(ws access)-.25 F 1.145
(to the entire ph)72 96 R 1.145(ysical de)-.05 F 1.145
(vice, including the bad sector forw)-.25 F 1.145
(arding information recorded at the end of the)-.1 F .445
(disk \(one track plus 126 sectors\).)72 108 R .445
(It is occasionally used to store a single lar)5.445 F .446
(ge \214le system or to access the)-.18 F .221
(entire pack when making a cop)72 120 R 2.721(yo)-.1 G 2.721(fi)-2.721 G
2.721(to)-2.721 G 2.721(na)-2.721 G(nother)-2.721 E 5.221(.C)-.55 G .221
(are must be tak)-5.221 F .221(en when using this partition not to o)-.1
F -.15(ve)-.15 G -.2(r-).15 G(write the last fe)72 132 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G
(racks and thereby destro)-2.5 E(ying the bad sector information.)-.1 E
.533(Unfortunately while the dri)97 147.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .533
(rs can follo).15 F 3.033(wt)-.25 G .533(he rules abo)-3.033 F .833 -.15
(ve t)-.15 H .533(he entries in).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(/etc/disktab)3.033 E F0(\()3.034 E F1(disktab)A F0 .534(\(5\)\) do)
1.666 F 2.676(not. The)72 159.6 R .176(entries in)2.676 F F1
(/etc/disktab)2.676 E F0 .175(are translations of the old partition tables which used to be embedded in the)
2.676 F(de)72 171.6 Q .537(vice dri)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .537
(rs and are thus probably not suitable for use without editing.).15 F
.538(In some cases it may be that the)5.537 F .094(8th \('h'\) partition is used for access to the entire disk rather than the third \('c'\) partition.)
72 183.6 R .094(Caution should be)5.094 F(observ)72 195.6 Q
(ed when using the)-.15 E F1(ne)2.5 E(wfs)-.15 E F0(\(8\) and)1.666 E F1
(disklabel)2.5 E F0(\(8\) commands.)1.666 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5
(4. UNIX)72 219.6 R(de)2.5 E(vices: block and raw)-.15 E F0 .835
(UNIX mak)97 235.2 R .835(es a distinction between `)-.1 F(`block')-.74
E 3.336('a)-.74 G .836(nd `)-3.336 F(`ra)-.74 E(w')-.15 E 3.336('\()-.74
G .836(character\) de)-3.336 F 3.336(vices. Each)-.25 F .836
(disk has a block)3.336 F(de)72 247.2 Q .28(vice interf)-.25 F .28
(ace where the system mak)-.1 F .28(es the de)-.1 F .279
(vice byte addressable and you can write a single byte in the)-.25 F
.585(middle of the disk.)72 259.2 R .585
(The system will read out the data from the disk sector)5.585 F 3.085
(,i)-.4 G .586(nsert the byte you g)-3.085 F -2.25 -.2(av e)-.05 H .586
(it and)3.286 F .632(put the modi\214ed data back.)72 271.2 R .632
(The disks with the names `)5.632 F(`/de)-.74 E(v/xx0a')-.25 E .632
(', etc are block de)-.74 F 3.131(vices. There)-.25 F .631(are also)
3.131 F(ra)72 283.2 Q 4.788(wd)-.15 G -.25(ev)-4.788 G 2.288(ices a).25
F -.25(va)-.2 G 4.788(ilable. These).25 F(ha)4.788 E 2.588 -.15(ve n)-.2
H 2.288(ames lik).15 F 4.789(e`)-.1 G(`/de)-5.529 E(v/rxx0a')-.25 E
2.289(', the `)-.74 F(`r')-.74 E 4.789('h)-.74 G 2.289
(ere standing for `)-4.789 F(`ra)-.74 E(w')-.15 E 4.789('. Ra)-.74 F(w)
-.15 E(de)72 295.2 Q .144(vices bypass the b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E .143
(fer cache and use DMA directly to/from the program')-.25 F 2.643(sI)
-.55 G .143(/O b)-2.643 F(uf)-.2 E .143(fers; the)-.25 F 2.643(ya)-.15 G
.143(re normally)-2.643 F .573(restricted to full-sector transfers.)72
307.2 R .573
(In the bootstrap procedures we will often suggest using the ra)5.573 F
3.074(wd)-.15 G -.25(ev)-3.074 G(ices,).25 E 1.27
(because these tend to w)72 319.2 R 1.27(ork f)-.1 F(aster)-.1 E 6.27
(.R)-.55 G 1.57 -.15(aw d)-6.27 H -.25(ev).15 G 1.27
(ices are used when making ne).25 F 3.77<778c>-.25 G 1.27
(lesystems, when checking)-3.77 F .196
(unmounted \214lesystems, or for cop)72 331.2 R .196
(ying quiescent \214lesystems.)-.1 F .196(The block de)5.196 F .196
(vices are used to mount \214le sys-)-.25 F
(tems, or when operating on a mounted \214lesystem such as the root.)72
343.2 Q -1.1(Yo)97 358.8 S 3.927(us)1.1 G 1.427(hould be a)-3.927 F -.1
(wa)-.15 G 1.426
(re that it is sometimes important whether to use the character de).1 F
1.426(vice \(for ef)-.25 F<8c2d>-.25 E(cienc)72 370.8 Q 1.608
(y\) or not \(because it w)-.15 F(ouldn')-.1 E 4.108(tw)-.18 G 1.609
(ork, e.g. to write a single byte in the middle of a sector\).)-4.208 F
(Don')6.609 E(t)-.18 E
(change the instructions by using the wrong type of de)72 382.8 Q
(vice indiscriminately)-.25 E(.)-.65 E 1.109(The standalone)97 398.4 R
F2(disklabel)3.609 E F0 1.108
(program must be used to alter the 'a' and 'b' partitions of a dri)3.609
F 1.408 -.15(ve b)-.25 H(eing).15 E .654(used for a bootable system.)72
410.4 R .655(This is because the k)5.654 F .655
(ernel will not permit an open partition to change size or)-.1 F(of)72
422.4 Q 2.5(fset. The)-.25 F(root and and sw)2.5 E(ap partitions are)-.1
E F2(always)2.5 E F0(open when the k)2.5 E(ernel is running.)-.1 E
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 7)177.84 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(2. BOO)205.914 84
Q(TSTRAP PR)-.48 E(OCEDURE)-.36 E F0 .054(This section e)97 123.6 R .054
(xplains the bootstrap procedure that can be used to get the k)-.15 F
.053(ernel supplied with this dis-)-.1 F(trib)72 135.6 Q .474
(ution running on your machine.)-.2 F .475(It is mandatory to do a full bootstrap since the \214lesystem has changed)
5.474 F(from 2.10.1BSD to 2.11BSD.)72 147.6 Q 1.657
(The safest route is to use)97 163.2 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tar)4.157
E F0 1.657(\(1\) to dump all of your current \214le systems, do a full bootstrap of)
1.666 F .942(2.11BSD and then restore user \214les from the backups.)72
175.2 R .943(There is also an untested v)5.943 F .943(ersion of)-.15 F
F2(512r)3.443 E(estor)-.37 E F0(\(8\))1.666 E -.2(av)72 187.2 S
(ailable for V7 sites that need to read old dump tapes.)-.05 E .933
(It is also desirable to mak)97 202.8 R 3.433(eac)-.1 G(on)-3.433 E -.15
(ve)-.4 G .933(nient cop).15 F 3.433(yo)-.1 G 3.433(fs)-3.433 G .933
(ystem con\214guration \214les for use as guides when)-3.433 F .533
(setting up the ne)72 214.8 R 3.033(ws)-.25 G .534
(ystem; the list of \214les to sa)-3.033 F .834 -.15(ve f)-.2 H .534
(rom earlier PDP-11 UNIX systems, found in chapter 3,).15 F
(may be used as a guideline.)72 226.8 Q(2.11BSD)97 242.4 Q F2 -.37(re)
4.049 G(stor).37 E F0 1.548(\(8\) is able to read and automatically con)
1.666 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.548(rt to the ne).15 F 4.048(wo)-.25 G 4.048(nd)
-4.048 G 1.548(isk directory format)-4.048 F F2(dump)72 254.4 Q F0
(\(8\) tapes made under 2.9BSD, 2.10BSD and 2.10.1BSD.)1.666 E/F3 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(2.1. Booting)72 278.4 R(fr)2.5 E(om tape)-.18 E F0
(The tape bootstrap procedure used to create a w)97 294 Q
(orking system in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(lv).2 E(es the follo)-.15 E
(wing major steps:)-.25 E 14.17(1\) Load)72 309.6 R
(the tape bootstrap monitor)2.5 E(.)-.55 E 14.17(2\) Create)72 325.2 R
(the partition tables on the disk using)2.5 E F2(disklabel)2.5 E F0(.)A
14.17(3\) Create)72 340.8 R 2.5(aU)2.5 G(NIX `)-2.5 E(`root')-.74 E 2.5
<278c>-.74 G(le system system on disk using)-2.5 E F2(mkfs)2.5 E F0
(\(8\).)1.666 E 14.17(4\) Restore)72 356.4 R
(the full root \214le system using)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)2.5 G(stor).37 E F0
(\(8\).)1.666 E 14.17(5\) Boot)72 372 R .792(the UNIX system on the ne)
3.292 F 3.292(wr)-.25 G .792(oot \214le system and cop)-3.292 F 3.292
(yt)-.1 G .792(he appropriate)-3.292 F F2 .793(sector 0 boot bloc)3.292
F(k)-.2 E F0(to)3.293 E(your boot de)97 384 Q(vice.)-.25 E 14.17
(6\) Build)72 399.6 R(and restore the /usr \214le system from tape with)
2.5 E F2(tar)2.5 E F0(\(1\).)1.666 E 14.17(7\) Restore)72 415.2 R
(the include and k)2.5 E(ernel sources from tape.)-.1 E 14.17
(8\) Extract)72 430.8 R(the remaining source from the second tape.)2.5 E
14.17(9\) T)72 446.4 R(ailor a v)-.8 E
(ersion of UNIX to your speci\214c hardw)-.15 E
(are \(see section 4.2\).)-.1 E .911
(Certain of these steps are dependent on your hardw)97 462 R .911
(are con\214guration.)-.1 F .91(If your disks require format-)5.911 F
.323(ting, standard DEC diagnostic utilities will ha)72 474 R .623 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H 2.823(ob).15 G 2.823(eu)-2.823 G .323(sed, the)-2.823 F
2.823(ya)-.15 G .323(re not supplied on the 2.11BSD distrib)-2.823 F(u-)
-.2 E(tion tape.)72 486 Q F3 2.5(2.1.1. Step)72 510 R
(1: loading the tape bootstrap monitor)2.5 E F0 2.647 -.8(To l)97 525.6
T 1.047(oad the tape bootstrap monitor).8 F 3.547<2c8c>-.4 G 1.046
(rst mount the magnetic tape on dri)-3.547 F 1.346 -.15(ve 0 a)-.25 H
3.546(tl).15 G 1.046(oad point, making)-3.546 F .089
(sure that the write ring is not inserted.)72 537.6 R .09
(Then use the normal bootstrap R)5.089 F .09
(OM, console monitor or other boot-)-.4 F(strap to boot from the tape.)
72 549.6 Q(NO)97 565.2 Q 1.054(TE: The boot blocks e)-.4 F 1.054(xpect the CSR of the booting controller in r0 and the unit number in r1.)
-.15 F F3(boot)72 577.2 Q F0 .311(may be booted from an)2.811 F 2.811
(yc)-.15 G .311(ontroller or unit, the earlier restrictions of controller 0 and unit 0 ha)
-2.811 F .612 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een).15 E(lifted.)72 589.2 Q .264
(If no other means are a)97 604.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .264
(ilable, the follo).25 F .263(wing code can be k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
.263(ed in and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .263(cuted at \(say\) 0100000 to)
.15 F .199(boot from a TM tape dri)72 616.8 R .499 -.15(ve \()-.25 H .2
(the magic number 172526 is the address of the TM-11 current memory address)
.15 F(re)72 628.8 Q(gister; an adjustment may be necessary if your controller is at a nonstandard address\):)
-.15 E(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 8)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)179.51 E 12.5
(012700 \(mo)108 84 R 2.5(v$)-.15 G(unit, r0\))-2.5 E 12.5
(000000 \(normally)108 96 R(unit 0\))2.5 E 12.5(012701 \(mo)108 108 R
2.5(v$)-.15 G(172526, r1\))-2.5 E(172526)108 120 Q 12.5(010141 \(mo)108
132 R 2.5(vr)-.15 G(1, -\(r1\)\))-2.5 E 12.5(012741 \(mo)108 144 R 2.5
(v$)-.15 G(60003, -\(r1\)\))-2.5 E 12.5(060003 \(if)108 156 R
(unit 1 use 060403, etc\))2.5 E 12.5(000777 \(br)108 168 R(.\))2.5 E 2.5
(At)72 192 S(oggle-in routine which has been used with a TS tape dri)
-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(this should be entered at 01000\):).15 E
12.5(012700 mo)108 216 R 2.5(v$)-.15 G(unit,r0)-2.5 E(000000)108 228 Q
12.5(012701 mo)108 240 R 2.5(v$)-.15 G(172522,r1)-2.5 E(172522)108 252 Q
12.5(005011 clr)108 264 R(\(r1\))2.5 E 12.5(105711 1b:tstb)108 276 R
(\(r1\))2.5 E 12.5(100376 bpl)108 288 R(1b)2.5 E 12.5(012761 mo)108 300
R 2.5(v$)-.15 G(setchr)-2.5 E(,-2\(r1\))-.4 E(001040)108 312 Q(177776)
108 324 Q 12.5(105711 2b:tstb)108 336 R(\(r1\))2.5 E 12.5(100376 bpl)108
348 R(2b)2.5 E 12.5(012761 mo)108 360 R 2.5(v$)-.15 G(read,-2\(r1\))-2.5
E(001060)108 372 Q(177776)108 384 Q 12.5(000000 halt)108 396 R 12.5
(140004 setchr:)108 408 R(TS_A)2.5 E(CK|TS_CVC|TS_SETCHR)-.4 E 12.5
(001050 char)108 420 R 12.5(000000 high)108 432 R(order address)2.5 E
12.5(000010 number)108 444 R(of bytes)2.5 E 12.5(001070 char:)108 456 R
(status)2.5 E(000000)108 468 Q(000016)108 480 Q(000000)108 492 Q 12.5
(140001 read:)108 504 R(TS_A)2.5 E(CK|TS_CVC|TS_READ)-.4 E 12.5
(000000 lo)108 516 R 2.5(wo)-.25 G(rder of address)-2.5 E 12.5
(000000 high)108 528 R(order of address)2.5 E 12.5(001000 number)108 540
R(of bytes to read)2.5 E 12.5(000000 status:)108 552 R 1.053
(When this is e)72 576 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.053
(cuted, the \214rst block of the tape will be read into memory).15 F
6.053(.H)-.65 G 1.053(alt the CPU and restart at)-6.053 F .467
(location 0.)72 588 R .467(The re)5.467 F(gister)-.15 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF .467(r1 MUST)2.967 F F0 .467
(be left pointing at the de)2.967 F(vice)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(csr)2.968 E F0 5.468(.F)C .468(or the def)-5.618 F .468
(ault/\214rst TM or TS this is)-.1 F 2.5(0172522. The)72 600 R(re)2.5 E
(gister)-.15 E F1(r0 MUST)2.5 E F0
(contain the unit number \(usually 0\).)2.5 E(The console should type)97
615.6 Q F2(nn)108 633.6 Q F1(Boot fr)A(om)-.18 E F2(xx)2.5 E F1(\()A F2
(ctlr)A F1(,)A F2(drive)A F1(,)A F2(part)A F1 2.5(\)a)C(t)-2.5 E F2(csr)
2.5 E F1(:)108 645.6 Q F0(where)72 663.6 Q F2(nn)2.566 E F0 .066
(is the CPU type on which it belie)2.566 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(si).15 G
2.565(ti)-2.566 G 2.565(sr)-2.565 G 2.565(unning. The)-2.565 F -.25(va)
2.565 G .065(lue will be one of 23, 24, 40, 44, 45, 53,).25 F 2.084(60, 70, 73, 83, 84, 93 or 94 depending whether separate instruction and data \(separate I/D\) and/or a)
72 675.6 R(UNIB)72 687.6 Q .876(US map are detected.)-.1 F -.15(Fo)5.876
G 3.376(rK).15 G .876(DJ-11 systems the System Maintenance Re)-3.376 F
.875(gister is e)-.15 F .875(xamined to deter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E 1.139
(mine the cpu type.)72 699.6 R 1.14
(At present 2.11BSD runs on the 44, 53, 70, 73, 83, 84, 93 and 94)6.139
F F1(only)3.64 E F0 6.14(.I)C 3.64(tm)-6.14 G 1.14(ust be)-3.64 F
(emphasized that 2.11BSD requires separate I/D.)72 711.6 Q
(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)
72 48 Q(Setup.2.11 - 9)177.84 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ctlr)72 84 Q F0
(is the controller number that)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Boot)2.5 E F0
-.1(wa)2.5 G 2.5(sl).1 G(oaded from.)-2.5 E
(It is 0 unless booting from a non-standard CSR.)5 E F1(drive)72 108 Q
F0(is the dri)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(nit number).15 E(.)-.55 E(The)72
132 Q F1(part)2.955 E F0 .454
(number is disk partition or tape\214le number booted from.)2.955 F .454
(This will al)5.454 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .454(ys be 0 for the tape).1 F F2
(Boot)2.954 E F0(program.)72 144 Q F1(csr)72 168 Q F0
(is an octal number telling the CSR of the controller from which)2.5 E
F2(Boot)2.5 E F0 -.1(wa)2.5 G 2.5(sl).1 G(oaded.)-2.5 E -1.1(Yo)97 195.6
S 3.033(ua)1.1 G .533(re no)-3.033 F 3.033(wt)-.25 G .533
(alking to the tape bootstrap monitor)-3.033 F 5.534(.A)-.55 G 3.034(ta)
-5.534 G .834 -.15(ny p)-3.034 H .534(oint in the follo).15 F .534
(wing procedure you can)-.25 F .546
(return to this section, reload the tape bootstrap, and restart.)72
207.6 R .545(Through the rest of this section, substitute the)5.545 F
(correct disk type for)72 219.6 Q F1(dk)2.5 E F0(and the tape type for)
2.5 E F1(tp)2.5 E F0(.)A F2 2.5(2.1.2. Step)72 243.6 R(2: cr)2.5 E
(eating the disk label)-.18 E F0(The standalone)97 259.2 Q F1(disklabel)
2.5 E F0(program is then run:)2.5 E F2(:)108 283.2 Q F1(tp)1.666 E F0
166.248(\(0,1\) \()1.666 F F1(disklabel)A F0(is tape \214le 1\))2.5 E F2
(Boot: bootde)108 295.2 Q(v=0nnnn bootcsr=0mmmmmm)-.15 E(disklabel)108
307.2 Q(Disk?)108 319.2 Q F1(dk)2.5 E F0 142.634(\(0,0\) \(dri)1.666 F
.3 -.15(ve 0)-.25 H 2.5(,p).15 G(artition 0\))-2.5 E(d\(isplay\) D\(ef)
108 331.2 Q(ault\) m\(odify\) w\(rite\) q\(uit\)?)-.1 E(...)110.5 343.2
Q F2(:)108 355.2 Q F0(\(back at tape boot le)199.02 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(l\)).15 E(The)72 379.2 Q F1(disklabel)3.287 E F0 .787
(program is meant to be f)3.287 F .788(airly intuiti)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 5.788(.W).15 G .788(hen prompted with a line of choices entering the)
-5.788 F -.1(ke)72 391.2 S 2.5(yj)-.05 G
(ust before the left parenthesis selects the entry)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .301
(If there is an e)97 406.8 R .3(xisting label present on)-.15 F F1(dk)
2.8 E F0 .3(\(0,0\) it will be used as the def)1.666 F 2.8(ault. T)-.1 F
2.8(oh)-.8 G -2.25 -.2(av e)-2.8 H F1(disklabel)3 E F0(create)2.8 E 2.5
(an)72 418.8 S .5 -.25(ew d)-2.5 H(ef).25 E
(ault based on its idea of what the dri)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.5
(ss).15 G(elect)-2.5 E F2(D)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(hen enter)-5 E F2(m)2.5 E F0
(to modify/edit the label.)2.5 E 1.986(The MSCP dri)97 434.4 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G 4.486(ri).15 G 4.486(sq)-4.486 G 1.986
(uite good at identifying dri)-4.486 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.486(sb).15 G
1.986(ecause it can query the controller)-4.486 F 6.986(.O)-.55 G(ther)
-6.986 E(dri)72 446.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .273(rs \(notably the SMD \().15
F F2(xp)A F0 2.772(\)d)C(ri)-2.772 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .272(r\) ha).15 F
.572 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 2.772(od).15 G .272
(eal with a much wider range of controllers which do not all)-2.772 F
(ha)72 458.4 Q 1.807 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.507(he same capabilities for dri)
.15 F 1.807 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 4.007(denti\214cation. When).15 F 1.507
(dealing with SMD dri)4.007 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.008(sy).15 G 1.508
(ou must kno)-4.008 F 4.008(wt)-.25 G(he)-4.008 E(geometry of the dri)72
470.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.5(oy).15 G(ou can v)-2.5 E 2.5(erify and)
-.15 F(correct)2.5 E F1(disklabel)2.5 E F0 1.1 -.55('s c)D(hoices.).55 E
-1.1(Yo)97 486 S 3.483(uc)1.1 G .983(an ho)-3.483 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 1.782 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.482(fu).4 G .982
(sing non-DEC SMD controllers, mak)-3.482 F 3.482(et)-.1 G .982
(hings easy for)-3.482 F F1(disklabel)3.482 E F0 .982(to determine)3.482
F .336(what type of dri)72 498 R .636 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.836(sb).15 G
.336(eing used.)-2.836 F .336(If your controller of)5.336 F .336
(fers the choice of RM02 emulation you should select)-.25 F .43
(that choice.)72 510 R .43(The standalone)5.43 F F2(xp)2.93 E F0(dri)
2.93 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.93(ru).15 G .43
(ses RM02 as the indication that dri)-2.93 F .73 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .43
(denti\214cation capabilities not).15 F(of)72 522 Q .699
(fered by DEC controllers are present.)-.25 F .699(The dri)5.699 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.199(rw).15 G .7
(ill be able to determine the geometry of the dri)-3.199 F 1 -.15(ve i)
-.25 H(n).15 E 1.822(this case.)72 534 R 1.822(This is)9.322 F F2
(optional)4.322 E F0 1.822(because you can e)4.322 F 1.822
(xplicitly specify all of the parameters to the standalone)-.15 F F1
(disklabel)72 546 Q F0(program.)2.5 E 2.5(Af)97 561.6 S
(ull description of the standalone)-2.5 E F1(disklabel)2.5 E F0
(program is in Appendix B of this document.)2.5 E F2 2.5(2.1.3. Step)72
585.6 R(3: cr)2.5 E(eating a UNIX `)-.18 E(`r)-.63 E(oot')-.18 E 2.5
<278c>-.63 G(le system)-2.5 E F0(No)97 601.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G
(reate the root \214le system using the follo)-2.5 E(wing procedure.)
-.25 E/F3 10/Symbol SF<ad>A F0 1.015
(The size of the root \('a'\) \214lesystem w)97 616.8 R 1.015
(as assigned in step 2 \(creating the disk label\).)-.1 F F1(mkfs)6.015
E F0 1.015(will not)3.515 F(allo)72 628.8 Q 2.564(wa\214)-.25 G .064(lesystem to be created if there is not a label present or if the partition size is 0.)
-2.564 F F1(mkfs)5.065 E F0 .065(looks at parti-)2.565 F
(tion 0 \('a'\) in the disklabel for the root \214le system size.)72
640.8 Q .32 LW 144 656.4 72 656.4 DL/F4 8/Symbol SF<ad>72 670 Q/F5 8
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Note:)5.176 E/F6 8/Times-Roman@0 SF .362
(These instructions ha)2.362 F .602 -.12(ve c)-.16 H .362
(hanged quite a bit during the e).12 F -.16(vo)-.2 G .362
(lution of the system from 2.10.1BSD.).16 F(Pre-)4.362 E(viously)82 680
Q 2.05(,i)-.52 G 2.05(ft)-2.05 G .049
(he disk on which you are creating a root \214le system w)-2.05 F .049
(as an)-.08 F F5(xp)2.049 E F6 .049(disk you w)2.049 F .049(ould ha)-.08
F .289 -.12(ve b)-.16 H .049(een ask).12 F .049(ed to)-.08 F .467
(check the dri)82 690 R .707 -.12(ve t)-.2 H .467(ype re).12 F .467(gister and possibly halt the processor to patch a location \(hopefully before the dri)
-.12 F -.12(ve)-.2 G(r).12 E .23(accessed the dri)82 700 R -.12(ve)-.2 G
(\).).12 E F5 .23(This is no longer needed)4.23 F F6 4.23(.A)C .23
(ll geometry and partition information is obtained from the)-4.23 F .426
(disklabel created in step 2.)82 710 R 1.706 -.64(We a)4.426 H .426
(lso used to gi).64 F .666 -.12(ve t)-.2 H .426(ables of).12 F F5(m)
2.426 E F6(and)2.426 E F5(n)2.426 E F6 -.2(va)2.426 G .427(lues for v).2
F .427(arious disks, which are no)-.2 F(w)-.2 E(purposely omitted.)82
720 Q F0(27 October 1997)254.395 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(setup.2.11 - 10)72 48 Q
(Installing and Operating 2.11BSD on the PDP-11)174.51 E(Finally)97 84 Q
4.748(,d)-.65 G 2.247(etermine the proper interlea)-4.748 F 2.247
(ving f)-.2 F(actors)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(m)4.747 E F0(and)
4.747 E F1(n)4.747 E F0 2.247(for your disk.)4.747 F(Extensi)7.247 E
2.547 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.247(esting has).15 F .338
(demonstrated that the choice of)72 96 R F1(m)2.838 E F0 .338
(is non critical \(performance of a \214le system v)2.838 F .339
(arying only by 3 to 4% for)-.25 F 3.186(aw)72 108 S .686(ide range of)
-3.186 F F1(m)3.186 E F0 -.25(va)3.186 G 3.185(lues\). V).25 F .685
(alues for)-1.11 F F1(m)3.185 E F0 .685(within the range from)3.185 F
3.185(2t)5.685 G 3.185(o5g)-3.185 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-3.185 H .685
(almost identical performance.)3.435 F(Increasing)72 120 Q F1(m)3.956 E
F0 1.456(too much actually causes de)3.956 F 1.456
(graded performance because the free blocks are too f)-.15 F 1.456
(ar apart.)-.1 F(Slo)72 132 Q .558
(wer processors \(such as the 73 and 44\) may w)-.25 F .557
(ant to start with a)-.1 F F1(m)3.057 E F0 .557(of 3 or 4, f)3.057 F
.557(aster processors \(such as)-.1 F .945
(the 70 and 84\) may start with a)72 144 R F1(m)3.445 E F0 .946
(of 2 or 3.)3.446 F .946(On the other hand, the)5.946 F F1(n)3.446 E F0
-.25(va)3.446 G .946(lue is moderately important.).25 F(It)5.946 E .242
(should be the number of \214lesystem blocks contained by one c)72 156 R
.242(ylinder of the disk, calculated by di)-.15 F .241(viding the)-.25 F
.033(number of sectors per c)72 168 R .033(ylinder by 2, rounding do)
-.15 F .033(wn if needed.)-.25 F .033(\(This is what)5.033 F F1(mkfs)
2.533 E F0 .033(does by def)2.533 F .034(ault, based on)-.1 F .084
(the geometry information in the disk label.\))72 180 R .083
(These numbers determine the layout of the free list that will be)5.083
F(constructed; the proper interlea)72 192 Q
(ving will help increase the speed of the \214le system.)-.2 E .327
(The number of bytes per inode determines ho)97 207.6 R 2.827(wm)-.25 G
(an)-2.827 E 2.827(yi)-.15 G .327
(nodes will be allocated in the \214lesystem.)-2.827 F(The)5.327 E(def)
72 219.6 Q .52(ault of 4096 bytes per inode is normally enough \(resulting in about 2000 inodes for a 8mb root \214lesys-)
-.1 F .237(tem and 1000 inodes for the 4mb distrib)72 231.6 R .237
(ution `)-.2 F(`generic')-.74 E 2.737('r)-.74 G .237
(oot \214lesystem\).)-2.737 F .237(If more inodes are desired then a)
5.237 F(lo)72 243.6 Q(wer v)-.25 E(alue \(perhaps 3072\) should be speci\214ed when prompted for the number of bytes per inode.)
-.25 E .823(Then run the standalone v)97 259.2 R .823(ersion of the)-.15