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<h2 id="C-std-deque"><a href="#C-std-deque" class="headerlink" title="C++ std::deque"></a>C++ std::deque</h2><pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp"><span class="token keyword">template</span><span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Allocator</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>allocator<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">deque</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">namespace</span> pmr <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">template</span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> deque <span class="token operator">=</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token punctuation">,</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>pmr<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>polymorphic_allocator<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">>></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><code>std::deque</code> ( double-ended queue ,双端队列)是有下标顺序容器,它允许在其首尾两段快速插入及删除。另外,在 deque 任一端插入或删除不会非法化指向其余元素的指针或引用。</p>
<p>与 <code>std::vector</code> 相反, <code>deque</code> 的元素不是相接存储的:典型实现用单独分配的固定大小数组的序列,外加额外的登记,这表示下标访问必须进行二次指针解引用,与之相比 <code>vector</code> 的下标访问只进行一次。</p>
<p><code>deque</code> 的存储按需自动扩展及收缩。扩张 <code>deque</code> 比扩张 <code>std::vector</code> 更优,因为它不涉及到复制既存元素到新内存位置。另一方面, <code>deque</code> 典型地拥有较大的最小内存开销;只保有一个元素的 <code>deque</code> 必须分配其整个内部数组(例如 64 位 libstdcpp 上为对象大小 8 倍; 64 位 libcpp 上为对象大小 16 倍或 4096 字节的较大者)。</p>
<p><code>deque</code> 上常见操作的复杂度(效率)如下:</p>
<ul>
<li>随机访问——常数 O(1)</li>
<li>在结尾或起始插入或移除元素——常数 O(1)</li>
<li>插入或移除元素——线性 O(n)</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="成员类型"><a href="#成员类型" class="headerlink" title="成员类型"></a>成员类型</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>成员类型</th>
<th>定义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><code>value_type</code></td>
<td><code>T</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>allocator_type</code></td>
<td><code>Allocator</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>size_type</code></td>
<td>无符号整数类型(通常是 <code>std::size_t</code> )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>difference_type</code></td>
<td>有符号整数类型(通常是 <code>std::ptrdiff_</code>t )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>reference</code></td>
<td><code>value_type&</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>const_reference</code></td>
<td><code>const value_type&</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>pointer</code></td>
<td><code>std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::pointer</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>const_pointer</code></td>
<td><code>std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::const_pointer</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>iterator</code></td>
<td>遗留随机访问迭代器 (LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>const_iterator</code></td>
<td>常随机访问迭代器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>reverse_iterator</code></td>
<td><code>std::reverse_iterator<iterator></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>const_reverse_iterator</code></td>
<td><code>std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="构造"><a href="#构造" class="headerlink" title="构造"></a>构造</h2><h4 id="构造函数"><a href="#构造函数" class="headerlink" title="构造函数"></a>构造函数</h4><ol>
<li><p>创建一个空deque,</p>
<p><code>deque();</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>创建count个值为value的容器</p>
<p><code>deque( size_type count, const T& value, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator());</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>创建大小的count的容器, 默认元素值为0。</p>
<p><code>explicit deque( size_type count, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>初始化列表</p>
<p><code>deque( std::initializer_list<T> init, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 2 4 5 6 7</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>以一对迭代器创建</p>
<p><code>template< class InputIt > deque( InputIt first, InputIt last, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() )</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 2 4 5 6 7</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>以其他的deque容器创建</p>
<p><code>deque( const deque& other );</code> <code>deque( const deque& other, const Allocator& alloc );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 2 4 5 6 7</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>还可以使用移动语义</p>
<p><code>deque( deque&& other );</code> <code>deque( deque&& other, const Allocator& alloc );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">move</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 2 4 5 6 7</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>指定内存分配器</p>
<p><code>explicit deque( const Allocator& alloc )</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>allocator<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> al<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>al<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="operator"><a href="#operator" class="headerlink" title="operator="></a>operator=</h3><p>替换容器内容。</p>
<p><code>deque& operator=( const deque& other );</code><br><code>deque& operator=( deque&& other ) noexcept</code><br><code>deque& operator=( std::initializer_list<T> ilist );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1 <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v2 <span class="token operator">=</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">move</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="assign"><a href="#assign" class="headerlink" title="assign"></a>assign</h3><p>替换容器的内容。</p>
<p><code>void assign( size_type count, const T& value );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><code>template< class InputIt > void assign( InputIt first, InputIt last );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><code>void assign( std::initializer_list<T> ilist );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="get-allocator"><a href="#get-allocator" class="headerlink" title="get_allocator"></a>get_allocator</h3><p><code>allocator_type get_allocator() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p>返回与容器关联的分配器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>allocator_type alloc_type <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_allocator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="元素访问"><a href="#元素访问" class="headerlink" title="元素访问"></a>元素访问</h2><p>除了data其余元素访问函数返回的都是元素的reference或const reference。</p>
<h3 id="at"><a href="#at" class="headerlink" title="at"></a>at</h3><p>返回位于指定位置 <code>pos</code> 的元素的引用,有边界检查。若 <code>pos</code> 不在容器范围内,则抛出 <code>std::out_of_range</code> 类型的异常。</p>
<p><code>reference at( size_type pos );</code> <code>const_reference at( size_type pos ) const;</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">at</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// set</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">at</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 88</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="operator-1"><a href="#operator-1" class="headerlink" title="operator[]"></a>operator[]</h3><p>返回位于指定位置 <code>pos</code> 的元素的引用。不进行边界检查。</p>
<p><code>reference operator[]( size_type pos );</code> <code>const_reference operator[]( size_type pos ) const;</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// set</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 88</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="front"><a href="#front" class="headerlink" title="front"></a>front</h3><p><code>reference front()</code> <code>const_reference front() const;</code></p>
<p>返回到容器首元素的引用。在空容器上对 <code>front</code> 的调用是未定义的。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">front</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="back"><a href="#back" class="headerlink" title="back"></a>back</h3><p><code>reference back();</code> <code>const_reference back() const;</code></p>
<p>返回到容器中最后一个元素的引用。在空容器上调用 <code>back</code> 导致未定义行为。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="迭代器"><a href="#迭代器" class="headerlink" title="迭代器"></a>迭代器</h2><h3 id="begin-end"><a href="#begin-end" class="headerlink" title="begin - end"></a>begin - end</h3><p><code>iterator begin() noexcept;</code> <code>const_iterator begin() const noexcept;</code><br><code>iterator end() noexcept;</code> <code>const_iterator end() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p>返回指向容器开头和结尾的迭代器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator i <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">!=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>i <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="cbegin-cend"><a href="#cbegin-cend" class="headerlink" title="cbegin - cend"></a>cbegin - cend</h3><p><code>const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept;</code> <code>const_iterator cend() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p>返回指向容器开头和结尾的常量迭代器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>const_iterator i <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">!=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>i <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="rbegin-rend"><a href="#rbegin-rend" class="headerlink" title="rbegin - rend"></a>rbegin - rend</h3><p><code>reverse_iterator rbegin() noexcept;</code> <code>const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept</code><br><code>reverse_iterator rend() noexcept;</code> <code>const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p>返回指向容器开头和结尾的反向迭代器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>reverse_iterator i <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rbegin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">!=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>i <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 6 5 4 3 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="crbegin-crend"><a href="#crbegin-crend" class="headerlink" title="crbegin - crend"></a>crbegin - crend</h3><p><code>const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept;</code> <code>const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p>返回指向容器开头和结尾的反向常量迭代器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>const_reverse_iterator i <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rbegin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">!=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>i <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 6 5 4 3 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="容量"><a href="#容量" class="headerlink" title="容量"></a>容量</h2><h3 id="empty"><a href="#empty" class="headerlink" title="empty"></a>empty</h3><p><code>[[nodiscard]] bool empty() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p>判断容器是否为空,空则为true.即是否 <code>begin() == end()</code> 。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>boolalpha <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// false</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="size"><a href="#size" class="headerlink" title="size"></a>size</h3><p><code>size_type size() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p>返回容器中的元素数,即 <code>std::distance(begin(), end())</code> 。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 5</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="max-size"><a href="#max-size" class="headerlink" title="max_size"></a>max_size</h3><p><code>size_type max_size() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p>返回根据系统或库实现限制的容器可保有的元素最大数量</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">max_size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2305843009213693951</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="shrink-to-fit"><a href="#shrink-to-fit" class="headerlink" title="shrink_to_fit"></a>shrink_to_fit</h3><p><code>void shrink_to_fit();</code></p>
<p>请求移除未使用的容量。它是减少 <code>capacity()</code> 到 <code>size()</code>非强制性请求。请求是否达成依赖于实现。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">shrink_to_fit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">capacity</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="修改器"><a href="#修改器" class="headerlink" title="修改器"></a>修改器</h2><h3 id="clear"><a href="#clear" class="headerlink" title="clear"></a>clear</h3><p><code>void clear() noexcept;</code></p>
<p>擦除所有元素。此调用后 <code>size()</code> 返回零。非法化任何指代所含元素的引用、指针或迭代器。任何尾后迭代器亦被非法化。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clear</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 0</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="insert"><a href="#insert" class="headerlink" title="insert"></a>insert</h3><p>1.在pos前插入value, 返回指向插入元素的迭代器。支持移动语义。</p>
<p><code>iterator insert( const_iterator pos, const T& value );</code><br><code>iterator insert( const_iterator pos, T&& value );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// std::deque<int>::iterator it = v.insert(v.end(), std::move(99));</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 99</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 99</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>2.在 <code>pos</code> 前插入 <code>value</code> 的 <code>count</code> 个副本。返回指向插入的第一个元素的迭代器。</p>
<p><code>iterator insert( const_iterator pos, size_type count, const T& value );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>3.在 <code>pos</code> 前插入来自范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 的元素。返回指向插入的第一个元素的迭代器。</p>
<p><code>iterator insert( const_iterator pos, InputIt first, InputIt last );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 9 9 9 9</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>4.在 <code>pos</code> 前插入来自 initializer_list 的元素。返回指向插入的第一个元素的迭代器。</p>
<p><code>iterator insert( const_iterator pos, std::initializer_list<T> ilist );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 9 9 9</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="emplace"><a href="#emplace" class="headerlink" title="emplace"></a>emplace</h3><p><code>template< class... Args > iterator emplace( const_iterator pos, Args&&... args );</code></p>
<p>直接于 <code>pos</code> 前插入原位构造元素到容器中。返回值指向被构造的元素的迭代器。然而若要求的位置已被既存的元素占据,则首先在另一位置构造被插入的元素,然后再将他移动赋值到要求的位置中。</p>
<p>所有迭代器,含尾后迭代器,都被非法化。引用亦被非法化,除非 pos == begin() 或 pos == end() ,该情况下它们不被非法化。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">emplace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 99</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 99</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="emplace-back"><a href="#emplace-back" class="headerlink" title="emplace_back"></a>emplace_back</h3><p><code>template< class... Args > reference emplace_back( Args&&... args );</code></p>
<p>原位构造元素到容器尾部。返回被插入元素的引用。所有迭代器,包含尾后迭代器,都被非法化。没有引用被非法化。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>reference it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">emplace_back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 88</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="emplace-front"><a href="#emplace-front" class="headerlink" title="emplace_front"></a>emplace_front</h3><p><code>template< class... Args > reference emplace_front( Args&&... args );</code></p>
<p>在容器起始就地构造元素,返回指向出入元素的引用。所有迭代器,包含尾后迭代器,都被非法化。没有引用被非法化。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> d <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>reference ref <span class="token operator">=</span> d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">emplace_front</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9 1 2 3 4 5</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="erase"><a href="#erase" class="headerlink" title="erase"></a>erase</h3><p>1.移除位于pos的元素。返回指向下一个元素的迭代器。如一处的是最后一个,返回的是指向尾部的迭代器。</p>
<p><code>iterator erase( const_iterator pos );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">erase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>2.移除一定范围内的元素。返回指向下一个元素的迭代器。如一处的是最后一个,返回的是指向尾部的迭代器</p>
<p><code>iterator erase( const_iterator first, const_iterator last );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">erase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">distance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="push-back"><a href="#push-back" class="headerlink" title="push_back"></a>push_back</h3><p><code>void push_back( const T& value );</code> <code>void push_back( T&& value );</code></p>
<p>添加元素到容器尾。支持移动语义。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push_back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 99</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="push-front"><a href="#push-front" class="headerlink" title="push_front"></a>push_front</h3><p><code>void push_front( T&& value );</code></p>
<p>插入元素到容器首. 所有迭代器,包含尾后迭代器,都被非法化。没有引用被非法化。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> d <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push_front</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9 1 2 3 4 5</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="pop-back"><a href="#pop-back" class="headerlink" title="pop_back"></a>pop_back</h3><p><code>void pop_back();</code></p>
<p>移除容器的末元素。在空容器上调用 <code>pop_back</code> 导致未定义行为。指向被擦除元素的迭代器和引用被非法化。尾后迭代器亦被非法化。其他引用和迭代器不受影响</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pop_back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="pop-front"><a href="#pop-front" class="headerlink" title="pop_front"></a>pop_front</h3><p><code>void pop_front();</code></p>
<p>移除首元素. 若容器中无元素,则行为未定义。指向被擦除元素的迭代器和引用被非法化。若元素是容器的最后元素,则尾后迭代器亦被非法化。其他迭代器和引用不受影响。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> d <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pop_front</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2 3 4 5</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="resize"><a href="#resize" class="headerlink" title="resize"></a>resize</h3><p>重设容器大小以容纳 <code>count</code> 个元素.若当前元素大于 <code>count</code> ,则减小容器为其首 <code>count</code> 个元素。若当前容量小于count则插入默认 元素或指定的value值。</p>
<p><code>void resize( size_type count );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0 0</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><code>void resize( size_type count, const value_type& value )</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="swap"><a href="#swap" class="headerlink" title="swap"></a>swap</h3><p><code>void swap( deque& other ) noexcept</code></p>
<p>将内容与 <code>other</code> 的交换。不在单独的元素上调用任何移动、复制或交换操作。所有迭代器和引用保持合法。尾后迭代器被非法化。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>deque<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">swap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 1 1 1 1 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="非成员函数"><a href="#非成员函数" class="headerlink" title="非成员函数"></a>非成员函数</h2><h3 id="比较"><a href="#比较" class="headerlink" title="比较"></a>比较</h3><ol>
<li><code>operator==</code> 2.<code>operator!=</code> 3.<code>operator<</code> 4.<code>operator<=</code> 5.<code>operator></code> 6.<code>operator>=</code> 7.<code>operator<=></code></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="swap-1"><a href="#swap-1" class="headerlink" title="swap"></a>swap</h3><p><code>std::swap(std::deque)</code> 特化 <code>std::swap</code> 算法</p>
<h3 id="擦除"><a href="#擦除" class="headerlink" title="擦除"></a>擦除</h3><p><code>erase(std::deque), erase_if(std::deque)</code> 擦除所有满足特定判别标准的元素</p>
<h2 id="引用"><a href="#引用" class="headerlink" title="引用"></a>引用</h2><p>本文大部分内容来自<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/deque">cppreference</a></p>
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