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<h2 id="C-std-list"><a href="#C-std-list" class="headerlink" title="C++ std::list"></a>C++ std::list</h2><pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp"><span class="token keyword">template</span><span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Allocator</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>allocator<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">list</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">namespace</span> pmr <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">template</span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">T</span><span class="token operator">></span>
<span class="token keyword">using</span> list <span class="token operator">=</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token punctuation">,</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>pmr<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>polymorphic_allocator<span class="token operator"><</span>T<span class="token operator">>></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><code>std::list</code> 是支持常数时间从容器任何位置插入和移除元素的容器。不支持快速随机访问。它通常实现为双向链表。与 <code>std::forward_list</code> 相比，此容器提供双向迭代但在空间上效率稍低。</p>
<p>在 <code>list</code> 内或在数个 <code>list</code> 间添加、移除和移动元素不会非法化迭代器或引用。迭代器仅在对应元素被删除时非法化。</p>
<h2 id="成员类型"><a href="#成员类型" class="headerlink" title="成员类型"></a>成员类型</h2><table>
<thead>
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<th>成员类型</th>
<th>定义</th>
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<td><code>value_type</code></td>
<td><code>T</code></td>
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<td><code>allocator_type</code></td>
<td><code>Allocator</code></td>
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<tr>
<td><code>size_type</code></td>
<td>无符号整数类型（通常是 <code>std::size_t</code> ）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>difference_type</code></td>
<td>有符号整数类型（通常是 <code>std::ptrdiff_</code>t ）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>reference</code></td>
<td><code>value_type&</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>const_reference</code></td>
<td><code>const value_type&</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>pointer</code></td>
<td><code>std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::pointer</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>const_pointer</code></td>
<td><code>std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::const_pointer</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>iterator</code></td>
<td>遗留双向迭代器 (LegacyRandomAccessIterator)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>const_iterator</code></td>
<td>常双向迭代器</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>reverse_iterator</code></td>
<td><code>std::reverse_iterator<iterator></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>const_reverse_iterator</code></td>
<td><code>std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator></code></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="构造"><a href="#构造" class="headerlink" title="构造"></a>构造</h2><h4 id="构造函数"><a href="#构造函数" class="headerlink" title="构造函数"></a>构造函数</h4><ol>
<li><p>创建一个空容器</p>
<p><code>list();</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>构造拥有给定分配器 <code>alloc</code> 的空容器。</p>
<p><code>explicit list( const Allocator& alloc );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>allocator<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> al<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>al<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>创建count个值为value的容器</p>
<p><code>list( size_type count, const T& value, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator());</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>创建大小的count的容器, 默认元素值为0。</p>
<p><code>explicit list( size_type count, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>初始化列表</p>
<p><code>list( std::initializer_list<T> init, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 4 5 6 7</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>以一对迭代器创建</p>
<p><code>template< class InputIt > list( InputIt first, InputIt last, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 4 5 6 7</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>以其他的`forward_list容器创建</p>
<p><code>list( const list& other );</code></p>
<p><code>list( const list& other, const Allocator& alloc );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 4 5 6 7</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>还可以使用移动语义</p>
<p><code>list( forward_list&& other );</code> list( list&& other, const Allocator& alloc );`</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">v</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">move</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 4 5 6 7</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="operator"><a href="#operator" class="headerlink" title="operator="></a>operator=</h3><p><code>list& operator=( const list& other );</code></p>
<p><code>list& operator=( list&& other ) noexcept</code></p>
<p><code>list& operator=( std::initializer_list<T> ilist );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1 <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v2 <span class="token operator">=</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">move</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v3 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 4 5 6 7</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="assign"><a href="#assign" class="headerlink" title="assign"></a>assign</h3><p>替换容器的内容，无返回值。</p>
<ol>
<li><p>以 <code>count</code> 份 <code>value</code> 的副本替换内容。</p>
<p><code>void assign( size_type count, const T& value );</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>以范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 中元素的副本替换内容。若任一参数是指向 <code>*this</code> 中的迭代器则行为未定义。</p>
<p><code>template< class InputIt > void assign( InputIt first, InputIt last );</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="3">
<li><p>以来自 initializer_list 的元素替换内容。</p>
<p><code>void assign( std::initializer_list<T> ilist );</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">assign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="get-allocator"><a href="#get-allocator" class="headerlink" title="get_allocator"></a>get_allocator</h3><p><code>allocator_type get_allocator() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p>返回与容器关联的分配器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>allocator_type alloc_type <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_allocator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="元素访问"><a href="#元素访问" class="headerlink" title="元素访问"></a>元素访问</h2><h3 id="front"><a href="#front" class="headerlink" title="front"></a>front</h3><p><code>reference front();</code> <code>const_reference front() const;</code></p>
<p>访问第一个元素，返回第一个元素的（常量）引用。在空容器上对 <code>front</code> 的调用是未定义的。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">front</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="back"><a href="#back" class="headerlink" title="back"></a>back</h3><p><code>reference back();</code> <code>const_reference back() const;</code></p>
<p>访问最后一个元素.在空容器上调用 <code>back</code> 导致<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/ub">未定义行为</a>。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="迭代器"><a href="#迭代器" class="headerlink" title="迭代器"></a>迭代器</h2><h3 id="begin-end"><a href="#begin-end" class="headerlink" title="begin - end"></a>begin - end</h3><p><code>iterator begin() noexcept;</code> <code>const_iterator begin() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p><code>iterator end() noexcept;</code> <code>const_iterator end() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p>返回指向容器开头和结尾的迭代器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator i <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">!=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>i <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="cbegin-cend"><a href="#cbegin-cend" class="headerlink" title="cbegin - cend"></a>cbegin - cend</h3><p><code>const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept;</code> <code>const_iterator cend() const noexcept;</code></p>
<p>返回指向容器开头和结尾的常量迭代器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>const_iterator i <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">!=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>i <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 1 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="rbegin-rend"><a href="#rbegin-rend" class="headerlink" title="rbegin - rend"></a>rbegin - rend</h3><p>返回指向容器开头和结尾的反向迭代器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>reverse_iterator i <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rbegin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">!=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>i <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 6 5 4 3 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="crbegin-crend"><a href="#crbegin-crend" class="headerlink" title="crbegin - crend"></a>crbegin - crend</h3><p>返回指向容器开头和结尾的反向常量迭代器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>const_reverse_iterator i <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rbegin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">!=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">rend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>i <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 6 5 4 3 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="容量"><a href="#容量" class="headerlink" title="容量"></a>容量</h2><h3 id="empty"><a href="#empty" class="headerlink" title="empty"></a>empty</h3><p>判断容器是否为空，空则为true. <code>[[nodiscard]] bool empty() const noexcept;</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>boolalpha <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">empty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// false</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="max-size"><a href="#max-size" class="headerlink" title="max_size"></a>max_size</h3><p>返回根据系统或库实现限制的容器可保有的元素最大数量，返回值类型为size_type.</p>
<p><code>size_type max_size() const noexcept;</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">max_size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 576460752303423487</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="size"><a href="#size" class="headerlink" title="size"></a>size</h3><p>返回容纳的元素数.<code>size_type size() const noexcept;</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="修改器"><a href="#修改器" class="headerlink" title="修改器"></a>修改器</h2><h3 id="clear"><a href="#clear" class="headerlink" title="clear"></a>clear</h3><p>擦除所有元素。 <code>void clear() noexcept;</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clear</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 0</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="insert"><a href="#insert" class="headerlink" title="insert"></a>insert</h3><p>1.在pos前插入value, 返回指向插入元素的迭代器。支持移动语义。</p>
<p><code>iterator insert( const_iterator pos, const T& value );</code><br><code>iterator insert( const_iterator pos, T&& value );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// std::deque<int>::iterator it = v.insert(v.end(), std::move(99));</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 99</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 99</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>2.在 <code>pos</code> 前插入 <code>value</code> 的 <code>count</code> 个副本。返回指向插入的第一个元素的迭代器。</p>
<p><code>iterator insert( const_iterator pos, size_type count, const T& value );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>3.在 <code>pos</code> 前插入来自范围 <code>[first, last)</code> 的元素。返回指向插入的第一个元素的迭代器。</p>
<p><code>template< class InputIt > iterator insert( const_iterator pos, InputIt first, InputIt last );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 9 9 9 9</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>4.在 <code>pos</code> 前插入来自 initializer_list <code>ilist</code> 的元素。返回指向插入的第一个元素的迭代器。</p>
<p><code>iterator insert( const_iterator pos, std::initializer_list<T> ilist );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 9 9 9</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="emplace"><a href="#emplace" class="headerlink" title="emplace"></a>emplace</h3><p><code>template< class... Args > iterator emplace( const_iterator pos, Args&&... args );</code></p>
<p>直接于 <code>pos</code> 前插入原位构造元素到容器中。返回值指向被构造的元素的迭代器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">emplace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 99</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 99</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="emplace-back"><a href="#emplace-back" class="headerlink" title="emplace_back"></a>emplace_back</h3><p><code>template< class... Args > reference emplace_back( Args&&... args );</code></p>
<p>原位构造元素到容器尾部。返回被插入元素的引用。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>reference it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">emplace_back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 88</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="emplace-front"><a href="#emplace-front" class="headerlink" title="emplace_front"></a>emplace_front</h3><p><code>template< class... Args > reference emplace_front( Args&&... args );</code></p>
<p>在容器起始就地构造元素，返回指向出入元素的引用。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> d <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>reference ref <span class="token operator">=</span> d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">emplace_front</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9 1 2 3 4 5</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="erase"><a href="#erase" class="headerlink" title="erase"></a>erase</h3><p>1.移除位于pos的元素。返回指向下一个元素的迭代器。如一处的是最后一个，返回的是指向尾部的迭代器。</p>
<p><code>iterator erase( const_iterator pos );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">erase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>2.移除一定范围内的元素。返回指向下一个元素的迭代器。如一处的是最后一个，返回的是指向尾部的迭代器</p>
<p><code>iterator erase( const_iterator first, const_iterator last );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>iterator it <span class="token operator">=</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">erase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">distance</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>it <span class="token operator"><<</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="push-back"><a href="#push-back" class="headerlink" title="push_back"></a>push_back</h3><p><code>void push_back( const T& value );</code> <code>void push_back( T&& value );</code></p>
<p>添加元素到容器尾。支持移动语义。无返回值。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push_back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">99</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 99</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="push-front"><a href="#push-front" class="headerlink" title="push_front"></a>push_front</h3><p><code>void push_front( const T& value );</code> <code>void push_front( T&& value );</code></p>
<p>插入元素到容器首，无返回值。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> d <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push_front</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9 1 2 3 4 5</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="pop-back"><a href="#pop-back" class="headerlink" title="pop_back"></a>pop_back</h3><p><code>void pop_back();</code> 移除容器的末元素。在空容器上调用 <code>pop_back</code> 导致未定义行为。函数无返回值。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pop_back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="pop-front"><a href="#pop-front" class="headerlink" title="pop_front"></a>pop_front</h3><p><code>void pop_front();</code> 移除首元素，无返回值。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> d <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">pop_front</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> d<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2 3 4 5</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="resize"><a href="#resize" class="headerlink" title="resize"></a>resize</h3><p>重设容器大小以容纳 <code>count</code> 个元素.若当前元素大于 <code>count</code> ，则减小容器为其首 <code>count</code> 个元素。若当前容量小于count则插入默认 元素或指定的value值。无返回值。</p>
<p><code>void resize( size_type count );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><code>void resize( size_type count, T value = T() );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0 0</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><code>void resize( size_type count, const value_type& value );</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">resize</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="swap"><a href="#swap" class="headerlink" title="swap"></a>swap</h3><p><code>void swap( list& other ) noexcept</code>. 将内容与其他容器交换。无返回值。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">swap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 1 1 1 1 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="操作"><a href="#操作" class="headerlink" title="操作"></a>操作</h2><h3 id="merge"><a href="#merge" class="headerlink" title="merge"></a>merge</h3><p>合并二个已排序列表</p>
<p><code>void merge( list&& other );</code>, <code>void merge( list& other );</code> </p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">merge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><code>template <class Compare> void merge( list& other, Compare comp )</code><br><code>template <class Compare> void merge( list&& other, Compare comp );</code> </p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">merge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">&</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">&</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> a <span class="token operator">></span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="splice"><a href="#splice" class="headerlink" title="splice"></a>splice</h3><p>从另一 <code>list</code> 移动元素到 *this 。若 get_allocator() != other.get_allocator() 则行为未定义。没有迭代器或引用被非法化，指向被移动的元素的迭代器现在指代到 *this 中，而非 <code>other</code> 中。</p>
<ol>
<li>从 <code>other</code> 移动所有元素到 *this 。元素被插入到 <code>pos</code> 所指向的元素之前。操作后 <code>other</code> 变为空。若 <code>other</code> 与 *this 指代同一对象则行为未定义。</li>
</ol>
<p><code>void splice( const_iterator pos, list& other );</code> <code>void splice( const_iterator pos, list&& other );</code> </p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">splice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// v.splice_after(v.begin(), std::move(v1));</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 9 9 9 9 9 1 2 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="2">
<li>从 <code>other</code> 移动后随 <code>it</code> 的迭代器所指向的元素到 *this 。元素被插入到 <code>pos</code> 所指向的元素前，若 <code>pos == it</code> 或若 <code>pos == ++it</code> 则无效果。</li>
</ol>
<p><code>void splice( const_iterator pos, list& other, const_iterator it );</code><br><code>void splice( const_iterator pos, list&& other, const_iterator it );</code> </p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">splice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// v.splice(v.begin(), std::move(v1), v1.begin());</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 7 1 2 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<ol start="3">
<li>从 <code>other</code> 移动范围 <code>(first, last)</code> 中的元素到 *this 。元素被插入到 <code>pos</code> 所指向的元素前。不移动 <code>first</code> 所指向的元素。若 <code>pos</code> 是范围 <code>(first,last)</code> 中的元素则行为未定义。</li>
</ol>
<p><code>void splice( const_iterator pos, list& other, const_iterator first, const_iterator last );</code><br><code>void splice( const_iterator pos, list&& other, const_iterator first, const_iterator last );</code> </p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v1<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">splice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 7 8 9 9 9 1 2 3 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="remove-remove-if"><a href="#remove-remove-if" class="headerlink" title="remove, remove_if"></a>remove, remove_if</h3><p>移除满足特定标准的元素. 返回移除的元素数。</p>
<ol>
<li><p>移除所有等于 <code>value</code> 的元素</p>
<p><code>size_type remove( const T& value ); // cpp20有返回值，cpp20前无返回值 </code> </p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 2 4 5 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
<li><p>移除所有谓词 <code>p</code> 对它返回 true 的元素。</p>
<p><code>template< class UnaryPredicate > size_type remove_if( UnaryPredicate p ); //cpp20有返回值,cpp20前无返回值 </code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">remove_if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">&</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> i<span class="token operator">&</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 2 4 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="reverse"><a href="#reverse" class="headerlink" title="reverse"></a>reverse</h3><p><code>void reverse() noexcept;</code></p>
<p>将该链表的所有元素的顺序反转.不非法化任何引用或迭代器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reverse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 6 5 4 3 2 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="unique"><a href="#unique" class="headerlink" title="unique"></a>unique</h3><p>删除连续的重复元素</p>
<p><code>size_type unique(); // cpp20有返回值，cpp20前无返回值 </code>, 返回移除的元素数。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unique</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 3 6</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><code>template< class BinaryPredicate > size_type unique( BinaryPredicate p ); cpp20有返回值，cpp20前无返回值 </code>, 返回移除的元素数。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unique</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">&</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">&</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">return</span> a<span class="token operator"><</span>b<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="sort"><a href="#sort" class="headerlink" title="sort"></a>sort</h3><p>对元素进行排序</p>
<p><code>void sort();</code>以升序排序元素。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 1 1 2 2 3 3</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><code>template< class Compare > void sort( Compare comp );</code>, 用给定的比较函数 <code>comp</code>来排序。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-cpp" data-language="cpp"><code class="language-cpp">std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>list<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">></span> v<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">&</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token operator">&</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">return</span> a <span class="token operator">></span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">for_each</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">begin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> v<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">end</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> a<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> std<span class="token double-colon punctuation">::</span>cout <span class="token operator"><<</span> a <span class="token operator"><<</span> <span class="token string">" "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 3 3 2 2 1 1</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="非成员函数"><a href="#非成员函数" class="headerlink" title="非成员函数"></a>非成员函数</h2><h3 id="比较"><a href="#比较" class="headerlink" title="比较"></a>比较</h3><ol>
<li>operator== 2.operator!= 3.operator< 4.operator<= 5.operator> 6.operator>= 7.operator<=></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="swap-1"><a href="#swap-1" class="headerlink" title="swap"></a>swap</h3><p><code>std::swap(std::list)</code> 特化 <code>std::swap</code> 算法</p>
<h3 id="擦除"><a href="#擦除" class="headerlink" title="擦除"></a>擦除</h3><p><code>erase(std::list)</code>， <code>erase_if(std::list)</code> 擦除所有满足特定判别标准的元素</p>
<h2 id="引用"><a href="#引用" class="headerlink" title="引用"></a>引用</h2><p>本文大部分内容来自<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/list">cppreference</a></p>
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C++标准库容器 forward_list API整理
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