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docker日常操作.html
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<h3 id="1-从阿里云源安装docker"><a href="#1-从阿里云源安装docker" class="headerlink" title="-1. 从阿里云源安装docker"></a>-1. 从阿里云源安装docker</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token comment"># step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具</span>
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> update
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -y <span class="token function">install</span> apt-transport-https ca-certificates <span class="token function">curl</span> software-properties-common
<span class="token comment"># step 2: 安装GPG证书</span>
<span class="token function">curl</span> -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sudo</span> apt-key <span class="token function">add</span> -
<span class="token comment"># Step 3: 写入软件源信息</span>
<span class="token function">sudo</span> add-apt-repository <span class="token string">"deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu <span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>lsb_release -cs<span class="token variable">)</span></span> stable"</span>
<span class="token comment"># Step 4: 更新并安装Docker-CE</span>
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -y update
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> -y <span class="token function">install</span> docker-ce
<span class="token comment"># 加入并更新用户组</span>
<span class="token function">sudo</span> gpasswd -a <span class="token environment constant">$USER</span> <span class="token function">docker</span>
newgrp <span class="token function">docker</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="0-设置aliyun镜像加速"><a href="#0-设置aliyun镜像加速" class="headerlink" title="0. 设置aliyun镜像加速"></a>0. 设置aliyun镜像加速</h3><p>没有此文件则创建。输入从阿里云注册的自己的<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors">镜像加速器</a>。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">mkdir</span> -p /etc/docker
$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">tee</span> /etc/docker/daemon.json <span class="token operator"><<-</span><span class="token string">'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF</span>
$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> systemctl daemon-reload
$ <span class="token function">sudo</span> systemctl restart <span class="token function">docker</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="1-根据Dockerfile构建镜像"><a href="#1-根据Dockerfile构建镜像" class="headerlink" title="1. 根据Dockerfile构建镜像"></a>1. 根据Dockerfile构建镜像</h3><p>在Dockerfile所在目录执行， 建议为空目录。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">docker</span> build -t <span class="token operator"><</span>image name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="2-创建-运行容器"><a href="#2-创建-运行容器" class="headerlink" title="2. 创建/运行容器"></a>2. 创建/运行容器</h3><p>创建使用<code>docker create</code></p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">docker</span> run -d --name <span class="token operator"><</span>container name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>image name<span class="token operator">></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">docker</span> run -itd -p <span class="token operator"><</span>host port<span class="token operator">></span>:<span class="token operator"><</span>docker port<span class="token operator">></span> --name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator"><</span>name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>image name<span class="token operator">></span> /bin/bash<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="3-登录容器"><a href="#3-登录容器" class="headerlink" title="3. 登录容器"></a>3. 登录容器</h3><p>登录运行中的容器。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">docker</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">exec</span> -it <span class="token operator"><</span>container name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">bash</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="4-查看容器的信息信息"><a href="#4-查看容器的信息信息" class="headerlink" title="4. 查看容器的信息信息"></a>4. 查看容器的信息信息</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">docker</span> inspect <span class="token operator"><</span>container name<span class="token operator">></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="5-删除不在运行的容器和不用的镜像"><a href="#5-删除不在运行的容器和不用的镜像" class="headerlink" title="5. 删除不在运行的容器和不用的镜像"></a>5. 删除不在运行的容器和不用的镜像</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">docker</span> system prune<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="6-网络"><a href="#6-网络" class="headerlink" title="6. 网络"></a>6. 网络</h3><p>查看网络模式</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">docker</span> network list<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>创建网桥</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">docker</span> network create --subnet<span class="token operator">=</span>x.x.x.0/24 <span class="token operator"><</span>Bridge Name<span class="token operator">></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>删除网桥</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">docker</span> network <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>Bridge Name<span class="token operator">></span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>指定IP</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">docker</span> run -itd --network<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator"><</span>Bridge Name<span class="token operator">></span> --ip <span class="token operator"><</span>IP<span class="token operator">></span> --name <span class="token operator"><</span>dockerName<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>imageName<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token function">bash</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>值得注意的是：网络段不要和主机网络段冲突，要不然会影响宿主机.</p>
<h3 id="7-一个自用Dockerfile"><a href="#7-一个自用Dockerfile" class="headerlink" title="7. 一个自用Dockerfile"></a>7. 一个自用Dockerfile</h3><p>实现的主要需求有：</p>
<ul>
<li>能比较简单地设置操作系统版本</li>
<li>比较简单地设置国内源</li>
<li>可以安装ssh并进行设置，开启容器后就可以直接ssh连上</li>
<li>添加了一个普通用户</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-dockerfile" data-language="dockerfile"><code class="language-dockerfile">FROM ubuntu:21.04
ARG VERSION=hirsute
ARG MIRRORS=http://mirrors.163.com
RUN cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak \
&& echo "deb $MIRRORS/ubuntu/ $VERSION main restricted universe multiverse" >/etc/apt/sources.list \
&& echo "deb $MIRRORS/ubuntu/ $VERSION-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
&& echo "deb $MIRRORS/ubuntu/ $VERSION-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list \
&& apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y > /dev/null \
&& apt-get install -y sudo vim openssh-server > /dev/null \
\
&& mkdir -p /var/run/sshd \
&& mkdir -p /root/.ssh \
&& sed -ri 's/^#?PermitRootLogin\s+.*/PermitRootLogin yes/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config \
&& sed -ri 's/UsePAM yes/UsePAM no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config \
&& /etc/init.d/ssh start \
\
&& apt-get autoclean && apt-get autoremove && apt-get clean > /dev/null \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \
&& mkdir -p /root/code \
&& echo 'root:root' | chpasswd \
\
&& useradd --create-home --no-log-init --shell /bin/bash ngx \
&& adduser ngx sudo \
&& echo 'ngx:1' | chpasswd
# USER ngx
# WORKDIR /home/ngx
EXPOSE 22
CMD [ "/usr/sbin/sshd", "-D" ]<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>如果使用的是HTTPS的源，则需要在换源前提前安装<code>apt-transport-https</code>和<code>ca-certificates</code></p>
<h3 id="8-docker设置镜像存储路径"><a href="#8-docker设置镜像存储路径" class="headerlink" title="8.docker设置镜像存储路径"></a>8.docker设置镜像存储路径</h3><p>编辑文件<code>/lib/systemd/system/docker.service</code>，编辑以<code>ExecStart</code>开头的行，加入<code>--data-root /path</code>, 其中path为自定义的路径。修改如下：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token punctuation">..</span>. <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
<span class="token assign-left variable">ExecStart</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd<span class="token operator">=</span>/run/containerd/containerd.sock --data-root /path
<span class="token punctuation">..</span>. <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>然后关闭docker守护进程，将相关文件移动到设置好的位置，再重启docker守护进程：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token comment"># systemctl stop docker</span>
<span class="token comment"># cp -r /var/lib/docker /path</span>
<span class="token comment"># systemctl daemon-reload</span>
<span class="token comment"># systemctl restart docker</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="9-设置vscode连接服务器中的容器"><a href="#9-设置vscode连接服务器中的容器" class="headerlink" title="9.设置vscode连接服务器中的容器"></a>9.设置vscode连接服务器中的容器</h3><p>编辑文件<code>/lib/systemd/system/docker.service</code>，编辑以<code>ExecStart</code>开头的行，加上<code>-H tcp://0.0.0.0:8888</code>,端口号可以设置为不冲突的其他值。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token assign-left variable">ExecStart</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd<span class="token operator">=</span>/run/containerd/containerd.sock -H tcp://0.0.0.0:8888<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>修改保存后重启dockerd服务：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ systemctl daemon-reload
$ <span class="token function">service</span> <span class="token function">docker</span> restart<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>vscode中安装Docker与Remote-Container插件，然后在设置中搜索<code>docker:host</code>，将上面设置(<code>tcp://0.0.0.0:8888</code>)的填入设置项。</p>
<p>重启vscode，点击左面板上的docker图标，就可以显示服务器上的docker镜像和容器，并进行相应的操作。</p>
<h3 id="10-导出和导入镜像"><a href="#10-导出和导入镜像" class="headerlink" title="10. 导出和导入镜像"></a>10. 导出和导入镜像</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token comment"># 导出，导入镜像</span>
<span class="token function">docker</span> save -o save-name.tar image-name:tag
<span class="token function">docker</span> load -i save-name.tar
<span class="token comment"># 导出，导入容器</span>
<span class="token function">docker</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> -o save-name.tar container-name
<span class="token function">docker</span> <span class="token function">import</span> save-name.tar name:tag
<span class="token comment"># 提升为镜像</span>
<span class="token function">docker</span> commit -m<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"描述信息"</span> -a<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"作者"</span> 容器id 目标镜像名:<span class="token punctuation">[</span>TAG<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="12-其他"><a href="#12-其他" class="headerlink" title="12. 其他"></a>12. 其他</h3><p><strong>note</strong>：以上操作匀在Ubuntu2004上进行。</p>
<p>ssh相关操作</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ <span class="token function">ssh</span> ngx@172.17.0.2<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C <span class="token string">"your_email@example.com"</span>
$ ssh-copy-id -i <span class="token operator"><</span>identity_file<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>-p <span class="token operator"><</span>port<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> user@ip<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
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