safer cleanup when failing to compile regexps

Prior to this commit when producing a warning the regexp compiler
would check if the warning was marked as FATAL, and if it was it
would add clean up to the save stack to release buffers used
during compilation and to release the working REGEXP SV.

This cause two type of problems:

- if an error was already queued, Perl_ck_warner() returns even if
  the warning is fatal, this meant that the normal clean up code
  Perl_re_op_compile() would also run, resulting in a double free
  of the buffers.

- without fatal warnings, if a $SIG{__WARN__} handler died, the
  buffers and the working REGEXP SV would leak.

Workaround this by using SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X() to release the memory
and optionally the SV at the end of scope.

Fixes #21661

regcomp.c

@@ -1213,6 +1213,32 @@ S_set_regex_pv(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, REGEXP *Rx)
     SvCUR_set(Rx, p - RX_WRAPPED(Rx));
 }
 
+static void
+release_RExC_state(pTHX_ void *vstate) {
+    RExC_state_t *pRExC_state = (RExC_state_t *)vstate;
+
+    if (RExC_rx_sv)                                                     \
+        SvREFCNT_dec(RExC_rx_sv);                                         \
+    if (RExC_open_parens) {
+        Safefree(RExC_open_parens);
+        RExC_open_parens = NULL;
+    }
+    if (RExC_close_parens) {
+        Safefree(RExC_close_parens);
+        RExC_close_parens = NULL;
+    }
+    if (RExC_logical_to_parno) {
+        Safefree(RExC_logical_to_parno);
+        RExC_logical_to_parno = NULL;
+    }
+    if (RExC_parno_to_logical) {
+        Safefree(RExC_parno_to_logical);
+        RExC_parno_to_logical = NULL;
+    }
+
+    Safefree(pRExC_state);
+}
+
 /*
  * Perl_re_op_compile - the perl internal RE engine's function to compile a
  * regular expression into internal code.
@@ -1294,8 +1320,6 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     bool recompile = 0;
     bool runtime_code = 0;
     scan_data_t data;
-    RExC_state_t RExC_state;
-    RExC_state_t * const pRExC_state = &RExC_state;
 #ifdef TRIE_STUDY_OPT
     /* search for "restudy" in this file for a detailed explanation */
     int restudied = 0;
@@ -1307,7 +1331,11 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
 
     DEBUG_r(if (!PL_colorset) reginitcolors());
 
+    RExC_state_t *pRExC_state = NULL;
+    Newxz(pRExC_state, 1, RExC_state_t);
 
+    SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(release_RExC_state, pRExC_state);
+
     pRExC_state->warn_text = NULL;
     pRExC_state->unlexed_names = NULL;
     pRExC_state->code_blocks = NULL;
@@ -1708,6 +1736,7 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
 
         /* Clean up what we did in this parse */
         SvREFCNT_dec_NN(RExC_rx_sv);
+        RExC_rx_sv = NULL;
 
         goto redo_parse;
     }
@@ -1783,12 +1812,12 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
     /* search for "restudy" in this file for a detailed explanation */
     if (!restudied) {
         StructCopy(&zero_scan_data, &data, scan_data_t);
-        copyRExC_state = RExC_state;
+        copyRExC_state = *pRExC_state;
     } else {
         U32 seen=RExC_seen;
         DEBUG_OPTIMISE_r(Perl_re_printf( aTHX_ "Restudying\n"));
 
-        RExC_state = copyRExC_state;
+        *pRExC_state = copyRExC_state;
         if (seen & REG_TOP_LEVEL_BRANCHES_SEEN)
             RExC_seen |= REG_TOP_LEVEL_BRANCHES_SEEN;
         else
@@ -2307,22 +2336,10 @@ Perl_re_op_compile(pTHX_ SV ** const patternp, int pat_count,
         regdump(RExC_rx);
     });
 
-    if (RExC_open_parens) {
-        Safefree(RExC_open_parens);
-        RExC_open_parens = NULL;
-    }
-    if (RExC_close_parens) {
-        Safefree(RExC_close_parens);
-        RExC_close_parens = NULL;
-    }
-    if (RExC_logical_to_parno) {
-        Safefree(RExC_logical_to_parno);
-        RExC_logical_to_parno = NULL;
-    }
-    if (RExC_parno_to_logical) {
-        Safefree(RExC_parno_to_logical);
-        RExC_parno_to_logical = NULL;
-    }
+    /* we're returning ownership of the SV to the caller, ensure the cleanup
+     * doesn't release it
+     */
+    RExC_rx_sv = NULL;
 
 #ifdef USE_ITHREADS
     /* under ithreads the ?pat? PMf_USED flag on the pmop is simulated
@@ -9212,7 +9229,6 @@ S_output_posix_warnings(pTHX_ RExC_state_t *pRExC_state, AV* posix_warnings)
                                             array is mortal, but is a
                                             fail-safe */
             (void) sv_2mortal(msg);
-            PREPARE_TO_DIE;
         }
         Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_REGEXP), "%s", SvPVX(msg));
         SvREFCNT_dec_NN(msg);

regcomp_internal.h

@@ -886,7 +886,6 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data = {
     const char *ellipses = "";                                          \
     IV len = RExC_precomp_end - RExC_precomp;                           \
                                                                         \
-    PREPARE_TO_DIE;                                                     \
     if (len > RegexLengthToShowInErrorMessages) {                       \
         /* chop 10 shorter than the max, to ensure meaning of "..." */  \
         len = RegexLengthToShowInErrorMessages - 10;                    \
@@ -919,7 +918,6 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data = {
  * Calls SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X if needed, then Simple_vFAIL()
  */
 #define vFAIL(m) STMT_START {                           \
-    PREPARE_TO_DIE;                                     \
     Simple_vFAIL(m);                                    \
 } STMT_END
 
@@ -935,7 +933,6 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data = {
  * Calls SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X if needed, then Simple_vFAIL2().
  */
 #define vFAIL2(m,a1) STMT_START {                       \
-    PREPARE_TO_DIE;                                     \
     Simple_vFAIL2(m, a1);                               \
 } STMT_END
 
@@ -952,7 +949,6 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data = {
  * Calls SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X if needed, then Simple_vFAIL3().
  */
 #define vFAIL3(m,a1,a2) STMT_START {                    \
-    PREPARE_TO_DIE;                                     \
     Simple_vFAIL3(m, a1, a2);                           \
 } STMT_END
 
@@ -965,19 +961,16 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data = {
 } STMT_END
 
 #define vFAIL4(m,a1,a2,a3) STMT_START {                 \
-    PREPARE_TO_DIE;                                     \
     Simple_vFAIL4(m, a1, a2, a3);                       \
 } STMT_END
 
 /* A specialized version of vFAIL2 that works with UTF8f */
 #define vFAIL2utf8f(m, a1) STMT_START {             \
-    PREPARE_TO_DIE;                                 \
     S_re_croak(aTHX_ UTF, m REPORT_LOCATION, a1,  \
             REPORT_LOCATION_ARGS(RExC_parse));      \
 } STMT_END
 
 #define vFAIL3utf8f(m, a1, a2) STMT_START {             \
-    PREPARE_TO_DIE;                                     \
     S_re_croak(aTHX_ UTF, m REPORT_LOCATION, a1, a2,  \
             REPORT_LOCATION_ARGS(RExC_parse));          \
 } STMT_END
@@ -1018,8 +1011,6 @@ static const scan_data_t zero_scan_data = {
                               __FILE__, __LINE__, loc);                 \
         }                                                               \
         if (TO_OUTPUT_WARNINGS(loc)) {                                  \
-            if (ckDEAD(warns))                                          \
-                PREPARE_TO_DIE;                                         \
             code;                                                       \
             UPDATE_WARNINGS_LOC(loc);                                   \
         }                                                               \