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<h1 class="text-center text-white justify-center mb-8">Neutral Grounding</h1>
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<h2 class="font-medium title-font mt-4 text-white text-lg">Mr.Samuvel </h2>
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<h2 class="font-medium title-font text-white my-4 xl:my-0 text-lg">ABOUT </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed text-lg mb-4">The process of connecting the neutral point of 3-phase system to earth (i.e. soil) either directly or through some circuit element is called Neutral Grounding.
The Neutral Grounding method is most important and to ensure the safety of the system. In a neutral grounding system, the neutral of a system (or) rotating system (or) transformer (or) any other electrical appliances are connected to the ground. At-fault conditions the ground act as the closed-loop path for the fault current and to isolate the system.
For Example: If the neutral point of a star-connected system is grounded through a circuit breaker and phase to earth fault occurs on any one line, a large amount of fault current will flow through the circuit breaker so now due to large fault current the circuit breaker will open to isolate the faulty line.
The earthing of electrical equipment also ensures the safety of the persons handling the equipment to avoid electrical Shock due to fault current.
For example: If insulation fails, there will be a direct contact of the live conductor with the metallic part (or) outer frame of the equipment. If any person in contact with the metallic part of that equipment will be subjected to a dangerous electrical shock which can occur.</p>
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<h1 class="title-font sm:text-4xl text-3xl mb-4 font-medium text-white"> Grounding: </h1>
<p class="leading-relaxed mb-8">For Proper Grounding Coal and Salt is used while digging the electrode rod to keep the soil wet permanently and with low resistance. Coal is made of carbon which is a good conductor for minimizing the earth resistant. And Salt acts as an electrolyte to form conductivity between GI Plate, Coal, and Earth with humidity. Sand has used to form porosity to cycle water & humidity around the mixture.</p>
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<h2 class="text-white text-lg title-font font-medium mb-3">TYPES OF NEUTRAL GROUNDING:</h2>
<p><b class="text-indigo-400">» </b>Solid Grounding (or) Effective Grounding</p>
<p><b class="text-indigo-400">» </b>Resistance Grounding</p>
<p><b class="text-indigo-400">» </b>Reactance Grounding</p>
<p><b class="text-indigo-400">» </b>Peterson-Coil Grounding (or) Resonant Grounding</p>
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<h1 class="title-font sm:text-4xl text-3xl mb-4 font-medium text-white"> SOLID GROUNDING: </h1>
<p class="leading-relaxed mb-8"> The system which is the neutral point is grounded with a limiter device known as Resistor called Resistance Grounding. This method limits the fault currents and it protects the system from transient overvoltage’s. It also decreases the arcing grounding risk and permits ground-fault protection.
The value of resistance used in the neutral grounding system should neither be very high nor be very low to limit the short circuit current during a ground fault. If the resistance value is very low it makes the system a solid grounding system, whereas a very high resistance makes the system ungrounded. The value of resistance is chosen in such a way that still sufficient ground current flow permits the operation of ground faults protections.</p>
<p class="leading-relaxed mb-8">This system of grounding is used for voltages up to 33 kV with total power capacity not exceeding 5000 kVA </p>
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<h1 class="title-font sm:text-4xl text-3xl mb-4 font-medium text-white"> RESISTANCE GROUNDING:</h1>
<p class="leading-relaxed mb-8">When the system is said to be solidly grounding (or) effectively grounding then the system is directly connected to the ground without resistance nor reactance between neutral and ground.<br><br>
A system is said to be solidly grounded when the positive-sequence impedance of the system is greater than (or) equal to the zero-sequence resistance, and positive sequence reactance is 3 times greater than (or) equal to the zero-sequence reactance.</p>
<p class="leading-relaxed mb-8">This type is used on a system operating at voltages between 2.2 kV and 33 kV with a power source capable of more than 5000 kVA.</p>
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<h1 class="title-font sm:text-4xl text-3xl mb-4 font-medium text-white"> REACTANCE GROUNDING: </h1>
<p class="leading-relaxed mb-8">In the reactance grounded system, a reactance is inserted between the neutral and ground to limit the fault current.<br><br>
This method is not used these days because high transient voltages appear under fault conditions and also the fault current required to operate the protective device is higher than that of resistance grounding for the same fault conditions.</p>
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<h1 class="title-font sm:text-4xl text-3xl mb-4 font-medium text-white">PETERSON-COIL GROUNDING:</h1>
<p class="leading-relaxed mb-8">Peterson coil is an Iron core reactor connected between neutral and ground. It is used for limiting the capacitance of earth fault current which is flowing when the line ground fault occurs in the line.<br><br>
The coil is provided with the tapping facility so that it can be adjusted with the capacitance according to the system. The reactance is adjusted by tapping facility so that the current through the reactor is equal to the small line charging current which would flow into the line-to-ground fault.</p>
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