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The outer world you see is a reflection of your inner self.
Creating model managers
managers
objects
我们也可以自定义 managers，这里自定义一个 manager 用于检索所有公开状态的 posts
manager
posts
两种自定义方法：
models.py
class PublishedManager(models.Manager): def get_queryset(self): return super(PublishedManager, self).get_queryset().filter(status='published') class Post(models.Model): # ... objects = models.Manager() published = PublishedManager()
Creating list and detail views
创建一个视图用于显示 posts 列表
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or _404 from .models import Post def post_list(request): posts = Post.published.all() return render(request, 'blog/post/list.html', {'posts': posts})
post_list()
request
HttpResponse
创建一个视图用于显示单一的 post 内容
post
def post_detail(request, year, month, day, post): post = get_object_or_404(Post, slug=post, status='published', publish_year=year, publish_month=month, publish_day=day) return render(request, 'blog/post/detail.html', {'post': post})
year
month
day
slug
date
Adding URL patterns for your views
URL patterns
blog
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from . import views urlpatterns = [ # post views url(r'^$', views.post_list, name='post_list'), url(r'^(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2}/(?P<day>\d{2})/(?P<post>[-\w]+)/$', views.post_detail, name='post_detail'), ]
URL pattern
post_list
post_detail
app
mysite
from django.conf.urls import url, include from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls', namespace='blog', app_name='blog')), ]
Canonical URLs for models
URL
Post
Django
get_absolute_url()
reverse()
URLs
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse Class Post(models.Model): # ... def get_absolute_url(self): return reverse('blog:post_detail', args=[self.publish.year, self.publish.strftime('%m'), self.publish.strftime('%d'), self.slug])
strftime()
Creating templates for your views
html
templates
templates/ blog/ base.html post/ list.html detail.html
base.html
HTML
list.html
detail.html
post list
post detail
{% tag %}
{{ variable }}
{{ variable|filter }}
{% load staticfiles %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title> <link href="{% static "css/blog.css" %}" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div id="content"> {% block content %} {% endblock %} </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h2>My blog</h2> <p>This is my blog.</p> </div> </body> </html>
{% load staticfiles %}
django.contrib.staticfiles
{% static %}
manage.py
static
setting.py
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"), )
{% block %}
block
title
content
普通继承
super继承
新式类
object
经典类
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0x01 Django
Creating model managersmanagers是objects，objects可以检索所有数据库中的对象数据我们也可以自定义
managers，这里自定义一个manager用于检索所有公开状态的posts两种自定义方法：
managers创建一个新的managersmodels.py，添加managers中添加新的方法Creating list and detail views创建一个视图用于显示
posts列表views.py，添加post_list()中有一个参数request， 所有视图都需要这个参数HttpResponse对象创建一个视图用于显示单一的
post内容views.py，添加yearmonthdaypostslugdate可以获得单一的postAdding URL patterns for your viewsURL patterns用正则表示blog目录下创建urls.py文件URL pattern没带任何参数，映射的就是post_list视图URL pattern带了4个参数，映射的就是post_detail视图app的最好方法就是为每个app创建urls.pyblog这个应用的URL patterns代入到项目的URL patterns中mysite文件夹下的urls.pyCanonical URLs for models
post_detail中的URL来规范Post中的URLDjango中规范的方法就是 添加一个get_absolute_url()方法到模型中get_absolute_url()方法中用reverse()方法来创建URLsmodels.pystrftime()方法，前面可以有0的存在（不会忽略数字之前的零）Creating templates for your viewshtml模板来显示postsblog文件夹下创建templates，如下逐层创建base.html包括了网站HTML的主要结构，将内容划分为主要内容区域和侧边栏区域list.html和detail.html这两个文件则继承了base.html分别显示post list和post detailDjango中的模板语言:{% tag %}{{ variable }}{{ variable|filter }}base.html：{% load staticfiles %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>{% block title %}{% endblock %}</title> <link href="{% static "css/blog.css" %}" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div id="content"> {% block content %} {% endblock %} </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h2>My blog</h2> <p>This is my blog.</p> </div> </body> </html>{% load staticfiles %}： 告诉Django导入静态文件中的模板标签（由django.contrib.staticfiles提供），导入之后，就可以在这个模板中使用{% static %}manage.py同级目录中创建static文件夹，则需要在setting.py中添加：STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"), ){% block %}： 在此处定义了一个block，上面定义了两个，一个命名为title，另一个是content0x02 Python
普通继承和super继承super继承机制中可以保证公共父类仅被执行一次super继承只能用于新式类，用于经典类会报错新式类： 必须有继承的类，如果没有想继承的，那就继承object，多继承的时候，采用广度优先的查找算法经典类： 可以没有父类，多继承的时候，采用深度优先的查找算法The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: