This repository has been archived by the owner on Nov 27, 2022. It is now read-only.
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
index.html
721 lines (677 loc) · 20.3 KB
/
index.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Solid: a post-Big Data perspective</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles/screen-16x10.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles/custom.css">
</head>
<body class="shower list">
<header class="caption">
<h1>Solid: a post-Big Data perspective</h1>
<p>
<a href="https://ruben.verborgh.org/">Ruben Verborgh</a>,
<a href="http://www.ugent.be/">Ghent University</a> –
<a href="http://www.imec.be/">imec</a>
</p>
<p class="venue">
Keynote at the
<a href="https://aiweek.ai4belgium.be/fr/keynote-by-ruben-verborgh/">Belgian Artificial Intelligence Week</a>,
17 March 2021
</p>
</header>
<div class="title slide" id="title">
<h2>Solid:<br> a post-Big Data perspective</h2>
<p class="author">Ruben Verborgh</p>
<p class="affiliation">Ghent University – imec</p>
</div>
<div id="facebook-photo-transfer" class="story slide">
<figure class="cover height">
<img src="images/facebook-photo-transfer.png" alt=""/>
<figcaption>
©2019 <a href="https://about.fb.com/news/2019/12/data-portability-photo-transfer-tool/">Facebook</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<span class="label year">2019</span>
</div>
<div id="moon-landing-tv" class="story slide">
<figure class="cover height">
<img src="images/moon-landing-tv.jpg" alt=""/>
<figcaption>
©1969 <a href="https://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/actualite-economique/apollo-11-un-spectacle-mediatique-unique-en-son-genre_2084063.html">source unknown</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<span class="label year">1969</span>
<span class="label item next">live video</span>
<span class="label distance next">380,000 km</span>
</div>
<div id="map-facebook-google" class="story slide">
<figure class="cover width">
<img src="images/map-facebook-google.png" alt=""/>
<figcaption>
©2020 <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Facebook,+1+Hacker+Way,+Menlo+Park,+CA,+USA/Googleplex,+Amphitheatre+Parkway,+Mountain+View,+CA,+USA/@37.4567894,-122.1290438,13z/am=t/data=!4m21!4m20!1m5!1m1!1s0x808fbc96de8dc419:0x64979e438bf4e3a5!2m2!1d-122.1482824!2d37.485073!1m5!1m1!1s0x808fba02425dad8f:0x6c296c66619367e0!2m2!1d-122.0840575!2d37.4219999!2m3!6e0!7e2!8j1580173200!6m3!1i0!2i1!3i0">Google Maps</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<span class="label year">2019</span>
<span class="label item">photo</span>
<span class="label distance">11 km</span>
</div>
<div class="toc slide" id="toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#toc-decentralization">A big data problem</a></li>
<li><a href="#toc-solid">The Solid ecosystem</a></li>
<li><a href="#toc-challenges">Network intelligence</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="toc slide" id="toc-decentralization">
<ul>
<li class="current">
<a href="#toc-decentralization">A big data problem</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#toc-solid">The Solid ecosystem</a></li>
<li><a href="#toc-challenges">Network intelligence</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="universality">
<h2>
The Web strives to be <em><a href="https://www.w3.org/2005/Talks/0323-yorkshire-tbl/slide5-2.html">universal</a></em><br> through
independence of many factors.
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Anyone can use the Web, regardless of:
<dl>
<dt>hardware</dt>
<dd>desktop</dd>
<dd>phone</dd>
<dd>tablet</dd>
<dd>watch</dd>
<dd>…</dd>
<dt>software</dt>
<dd>operating system</dd>
<dd>browser</dd>
<dd>app</dd>
<dd>…</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li class="next">
Developers are free to innovate.
<ul>
<li>Build for the Web.</li>
<li>Standards provide interoperability.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="next">
Unfortunately, this is not the default elsewhere.
<ul>
<li>App stores are a prominent counterexample.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="freedom-of-expression">
<h2>
The Web brings <em>freedom of expression</em><br>
to everyone across the world.
</h2>
<ul>
<li class="next">
<q>Anyone can say anything about anything.</q>
</li>
<li class="next">
We all have our own spaces,<br>
so we don’t have to agree.
</li>
<li class="next">
We can <em>link</em> to opinions of others<br>
to discuss about them.
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="permissionless-innovation">
<h2>
The Web brings <em>permissionless innovation</em><br>
at a global scale.
</h2>
<ul>
<li class="next">
Anyone can build anything for any reason.
</li>
<li class="next">
The technologies are open.
</li>
<li class="next">
You don’t need anyone’s permission<br>
to join the Web and launch a new idea.
<ul>
<li class="next">
This contrast with app stores.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="browser-wars">
<h2>
The first threat to universality<br>
were the <em>browser wars</em> of the 1990s.
</h2>
<ul>
<li class="next">
No Internet Explorer?
<ul>
<li>You’re out of luck!</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="next">
People needed a certain computer.
<ul>
<li>no mobile devices</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="next">
Developers depended on Microsoft’s pace.
<ul>
<li>browsers were not very powerful</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="search-engine-wars">
<h2>
This battle was replaced by another:<br>
the <em>search engine wars</em> of the 2000s.
</h2>
<ul>
<li class="next">
Not on Google?
<ul>
<li>You’re out of luck!</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="next">
Ranking high became more important<br>
than high-quality content.
</li>
<li class="next">
The reach of your innovations<br>
depended on one crawler.
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="platform-wars">
<h2>
This battle was also replaced by another:<br>
the <em>platform wars</em> of the 2010s.
</h2>
<ul>
<li class="next">
Not on Facebook?
<ul>
<li>You’re out of luck!</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="next">
Clicks became more important<br>
than high-quality content.
</li>
<li class="next">
You either compete for innovation<br>
with Facebook, or depend on it.
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="cover slide" id="centralization">
<h2>
Our data has become centralized<br>
in a handful of Web platforms.
</h2>
<ul>
<li class="next">
People’s former personal blogs<br>
are now on Facebook and Twitter
<ul>
<li class="next">great user experience</li>
<li class="next">but we lost control</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="next">
This has far-reaching consequences for privacy.
</li>
<li class="next">
The Web’s universality is visibly threatened.
<ul>
<li class="next"><q>Sign in with Facebook to see this content.</q><li>
<li class="next"><q>Facebook works better with the native app.</q><li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="dark cover slide" id="walled-gardens">
<h2>
Within the walled gardens of social media,<br>
you have to move either data or people.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width">
<img src="images/walled-gardens.jpg">
<figcaption>
© David Simonds
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="toc slide" id="toc-solid">
<ul>
<li><a href="#toc-decentralization">A big data problem</a></li>
<li class="current"><a href="#toc-solid">The Solid ecosystem</a></li>
<li><a href="#toc-challenges">Network intelligence</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="solid">
<h2>
Tim Berners-Lee is spearheading <em>Solid</em><br>
as an ecosystem to take back control.
</h2>
<ul>
<li class="next">
Solid is a way of building Web apps that<br>
let people keep control of their data.
</li>
<li class="next">
Solid combines existing W3C standards<br>
to define how agents should interact.
<ul>
<li class="next">
It is <em>not</em> a new Web:<br>
it builds on top of the existing Web.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="next">
Like the Web, Solid is for everyone.
<ul>
<li class="next">
Bring back universality and permissionless innovation.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="choice">
<h2>
Solid aims to restore <em>choice</em><br>
by separating data from apps.
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Typical platforms nowadays store data<br>
inseparably from an application.
<ul>
<li class="next">If we need to access the data, we cannot choose our app.</li>
<li class="next">If we need to use the app, we can’t choose our data source.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="next">
By separating data from apps,<br>
we create independent choices.
<ul>
<li class="next">
In essence, we‘re taking Web apps back to desktop mode,<br>
where one file can be opened by multiple apps.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="data-pods">
<h2>
Every piece of data created <em>by</em> a person<br>
or <em>about</em> them, is stored in a data pod.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width margin">
<img src="images/data-pods.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="decentralized-data">
<h2>
Apps and services appear similarly,<br>
but they blend data from many sources.
</h2>
<figure class="cover height margin">
<img src="images/decentralized-data.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="views">
<h2>
A person can grant apps and people access<br>
to very specific parts of their data.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width margin">
<img src="images/apps-as-views.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="markets">
<h2>
Separating app and storage competition<br>
creates better offerings for all parties.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width margin">
<img src="images/data-and-app-markets.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="infinite-innovation">
<h2>
By abandoning data harvesting,<br>
we restore permissionless innovation.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width margin">
<img src="images/infinite-innovation.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="ecosystem">
<h2>
Solid is not a platform to replace others,<br>
but a way of building for the Web.
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
Solid is an ecosystem.
<ul>
<li class="next">Standards enable interoperability</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
Solid is a movement.
<ul>
<li class="next">We need to shift the app builder mindset.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
Solid is a community.
<ul>
<li class="next">
Building Solid requires different people,<br>
companies, and organisations.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="server">
<h2>
A Solid server acts as a data pod<br>
that stores and guards your data.
</h2>
<ul>
<li class="next">
It is a regular Web server
<ul>
<li>…with support for access control.</li>
<li>…with support for Linked Data.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="next">
Its interface is application-agnostic.
<ul>
<li>Build <em>any</em> application, like on the Web.</li>
<li>Application-specific logic resides in clients.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="next">
A Solid pod is essentially a website with data.
<ul>
<li>Its data is compatible with any Solid app.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="data-pod">
<h2>
A data pod can contain any data<br>
you create or need online.
</h2>
<ul>
<li>profile 👤</li>
<li>media 🖼</li>
<li>comments 🗣</li>
<li>likes 👍</li>
<li>… ✨</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="client">
<h2>
Solid clients are browser or native apps<br>
that read from or write to your data pod.
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
People give read and/or write permissions<br>
for specific pieces of data to:
<ul>
<li>apps</li>
<li>other people</li>
<li>automated agents</li>
<li>…</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="next">
Apps deliver an integrated experience.
<ul>
<li>
Instead of displaying individual webpages or data items,<br>
apps interleave data from multiple sources.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="apps">
<h2>
Any app you can envision,<br>
you can build with Solid.
</h2>
<ul>
<li>calendar 📅</li>
<li>social feed 👥</li>
<li>photo sharing 📸</li>
<li>conference organization system 🎤</li>
<li>… ✨</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="past">
<h2>
Several open-source implementations<br>
of servers, apps, and libraries exist.
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/solid/node-solid-server/">server</a>
<ul class="next">
<li>Use a public instance or host your own.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
apps
<ul class="next inline">
<li><a href="https://github.com/linkeddata/mashlib">data browser</a></li>
<li>contacts</li>
<li>photos</li>
<li>meeting organizer</li>
<li>…</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
libraries
<ul class="next inline">
<li><a href="https://github.com/solid/solid-auth-client">authentication</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/linkeddata/rdflib.js/">data processing</a></li>
<li>…</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="toc slide" id="toc-challenges">
<ul>
<li><a href="#toc-decentralization">A big data problem</a></li>
<li><a href="#toc-solid">The Solid ecosystem</a></li>
<li class="current">
<a href="#toc-challenges">Network intelligence</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="multiple-backends">
<h2>
Decentralized apps have many back-ends.
Back-ends work with many apps.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width margin">
<img src="images/multiple-backends.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="paradox-of-freedom">
<h2>
The <em>Paradox of Freedom</em>:<br>
you can only be free if you follow rules.
</h2>
<ul>
<li class="next">
Decentralization means making our own choices.
</li>
<li class="next">
Unless we agree on some basic things,<br>
no one will see the result of our choices.
</li>
<li class="next">
Agreement can be layered:
<ul>
<li class="next">100% agrees on a small set <em>(labeling, authorship, …)</em></li>
<li class="next">80% agrees on a larger set <em>(places, dimensions)</em></li>
<li class="next">5% agrees on many smaller sets <em>(sizes, colors, …)</em></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="network-1">
<h2>
Current networks are centered<br>
around the aggregator.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width margin">
<img src="images/network-1.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="network-2">
<h2>
We need to create network flows<br>
to and from the aggregator.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width margin">
<img src="images/network-2.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="network-3">
<h2>
The individual network nodes<br>
need to become the source of truth.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width margin">
<img src="images/network-3.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="network-4">
<h2>
Aggregators need to become part<br>
of a larger network.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width margin">
<img src="images/network-4.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="network-5">
<h2>
Aggregators serve as a crucial<br>
but transparent layer in the network.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width margin">
<img src="images/network-5.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="network-6">
<h2>
Aggregators’ main responsibility becomes<br>
fostering a network between nodes.
</h2>
<figure class="cover width margin">
<img src="images/network-6.svg" alt="">
</figure>
</div>
<div class="toc slide" id="recap">
<ul>
<li><a href="#toc-decentralization">A big data problem</a></li>
<li><a href="#toc-solid">The Solid ecosystem</a></li>
<li><a href="#toc-challenges">Network intelligence</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="text slide" id="kay">
<blockquote>
<p>The best way to predict<br> the future is to invent it.</p>
<cite>Alan Kay</cite>
</blockquote>
<figure class="cover width">
<img class="faded" src="images/alan-kay.jpg" alt="[photo of Alan Kay]">
<figcaption>
©2008 <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/jeanbaptisteparis/3098599318/">jeanbaptisteparis</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="text slide" id="barlow">
<blockquote>
<p>The best way to invent<br> the future is to predict it.</p>
<cite>John Perry Barlow</cite>
</blockquote>
<figure class="cover width">
<img class="faded" src="images/john-perry-barlow.jpg" alt="[photo of John Perry Barlow]">
<figcaption>
©2007 <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/835393447/">Joi Ito</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="conclusion">
<h2>
Solid needs a <em>diverse community</em><br>
in order to succeed.
</h2>
<blockquote class="next">
<p>
Let’s assemble the brightest minds<br>
from business, technology, government,<br>
civil society, the arts and academia<br>
to tackle the threats to the Web’s future.
</p>
<cite><a href="https://webfoundation.org/2018/03/web-birthday-29/">Tim Berners-Lee</a></cite>
</blockquote>
<figure class="cover width">
<img class="faded" src="images/diversity.jpg" alt="">
<figcaption>
©2011 <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/davethepitt/6309868551/">Dave Pitt</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="slide" id="logos">
<figure class="cover width">
<a href="https://www.airesearchflanders.be/"><img src="images/logos.jpg" alt=""></a>
</figure>
</div>
<footer>
<p class="badge"><a href="https://github.com/RubenVerborgh/AI4Belgium-2021">View on GitHub</a></p>
<p class="license">
©2017–2021 <a href="https://ruben.verborgh.org/">Ruben Verborgh</a> –
Except where otherwise noted,
the content of these slides is
licensed under <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0</a>.
</p>
</footer>
<script src="scripts/shower.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>