5.Lecture.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Python Tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mytuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Tuple\n",
    "Tuples are used to store multiple items in a single variable.\n",
    "\n",
    "Tuple is one of 4 built-in data types in Python used to store collections of data, the other 3 are List, Set, and Dictionary, all with different qualities and usage.\n",
    "\n",
    "A tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable.\n",
    "\n",
    "Tuples are written with round brackets."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "print(thistuple)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Tuple Items\n",
    "Tuple items are ordered, unchangeable, and allow duplicate values.\n",
    "\n",
    "Tuple items are indexed, the first item has index [0], the second item has index [1] etc."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Ordered\n",
    "When we say that tuples are ordered, it means that the items have a defined order, and that order will not change.\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Unchangeable\n",
    "Tuples are unchangeable, meaning that we cannot change, add or remove items after the tuple has been created.\n",
    "\n",
    "#### Allow Duplicates\n",
    "Since tuple are indexed, tuples can have items with the same value:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'apple', 'cherry')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"apple\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "print(thistuple)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Tuple Length\n",
    "To determine how many items a tuple has, use the len() function:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "print(len(thistuple))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'tuple'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\",)\n",
    "print(type(thistuple))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'str'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#NOT a tuple\n",
    "thistuple = (\"apple\")\n",
    "print(type(thistuple))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Tuple Items - Data Types\n",
    "Tuple items can be of any data type:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tuple1 = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "tuple2 = (1, 5, 7, 9, 3)\n",
    "tuple3 = (True, False, False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tuple1 = (\"abc\", 34, True, 40, \"male\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'tuple'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mytuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "print(type(mytuple))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Python - Access Tuple Items"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "cherry\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "print(thistuple[-1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Negative Indexing\n",
    "Negative indexing means start from the end.\n",
    "\n",
    "-1 refers to the last item, -2 refers to the second last item etc.\n",
    "\n",
    "Example"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "cherry\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "print(thistuple[-1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('cherry', 'orange', 'kiwi')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\", \"kiwi\", \"melon\", \"mango\")\n",
    "print(thistuple[2:5])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'orange')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\", \"kiwi\", \"melon\", \"mango\")\n",
    "print(thistuple[:4])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('cherry', 'orange', 'kiwi', 'melon', 'mango')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\", \"kiwi\", \"melon\", \"mango\")\n",
    "print(thistuple[2:])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Range of Negative Indexes\n",
    "Specify negative indexes if you want to start the search from the end of the tuple:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This example returns the items from index -4 (included) to index -1 (excluded)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('orange', 'kiwi', 'melon')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\", \"kiwi\", \"melon\", \"mango\")\n",
    "print(thistuple[-4:-1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "if \"apple\" in thistuple:\n",
    "  print(\"Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits tuple\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Update Tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Tuples are unchangeable, meaing that you cannot change, add, or remove items once the tuple is created."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Change Tuple Values\n",
    "Once a tuple is created, you cannot change its values. Tuples are unchangeable, or immutable as it also is called.\n",
    "\n",
    "But there is a workaround. You can convert the tuple into a list, change the list, and convert the list back into a tuple."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('apple', 'kiwi', 'cherry')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "y = list(x)\n",
    "y[1] = \"kiwi\"\n",
    "x = tuple(y)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Add Items\n",
    "Once a tuple is created, you cannot add items to it."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "AttributeError",
     "evalue": "'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-8-e438d96bc894>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mthistuple\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"apple\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"banana\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"cherry\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mthistuple\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mappend\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"orange\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# This will raise an error\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mthistuple\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[1;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "thistuple.append(\"orange\") # This will raise an error\n",
    "print(thistuple)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Convert the tuple into a list, add \"orange\", and convert it back into a tuple:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "y = list(thistuple)\n",
    "y.append(\"orange\")\n",
    "thistuple = tuple(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Remove Items"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Tuples are unchangeable, so you cannot remove items from it, but you can use the same workaround as we used for changing and adding tuple items:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "y = list(thistuple)\n",
    "y.remove(\"apple\")\n",
    "thistuple = tuple(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The del keyword can delete the tuple completely:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'thistuple' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-11-b733e14e6264>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0mthistuple\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m\"apple\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"banana\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m\"cherry\"\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mdel\u001b[0m \u001b[0mthistuple\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 3\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mthistuple\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m#\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'thistuple' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "del thistuple\n",
    "print(thistuple) #"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Unpack Tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Unpacking a Tuple\n",
    "When we create a tuple, we normally assign values to it. This is called \"packing\" a tuple:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Packing a tuple:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "But, in Python, we are also allowed to extract the values back into variables. This is called \"unpacking\":"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Unpacking a tuple:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "apple\n",
      "banana\n",
      "cherry\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "\n",
    "(green, yellow, red) = fruits\n",
    "\n",
    "print(green)\n",
    "print(yellow)\n",
    "print(red)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Loop Tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Loop Through a Tuple\n",
    "You can loop through the tuple items by using a for loop."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "apple\n",
      "banana\n",
      "cherry\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "for x in thistuple:\n",
    "  print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Using a While Loop"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "apple\n",
      "banana\n",
      "cherry\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "i = 0\n",
    "while i < len(thistuple):\n",
    "  print(thistuple[i])\n",
    "  i = i + 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Join Tuples"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Join Two Tuples\n",
    "To join two or more tuples you can use the + operator:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('a', 'b', 'c', 1, 2, 3)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tuple1 = (\"a\", \"b\" , \"c\")\n",
    "tuple2 = (1, 2, 3)\n",
    "\n",
    "tuple3 = tuple1 + tuple2\n",
    "print(tuple3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'apple', 'banana', 'cherry')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "mytuple = fruits * 2\n",
    "\n",
    "print(mytuple)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# count() Method"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (1, 3, 7, 8, 7, 5, 4, 6, 8, 5)\n",
    "\n",
    "x = thistuple.count(5)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# index() Method"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "thistuple = (1, 3, 7, 8, 7, 5, 4, 6, 8, 5)\n",
    "\n",
    "x = thistuple.index(8)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Tuple Exercises"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 1 Use the correct syntax to print the first item in the fruits tuple."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "apple\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "print(fruits[0])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 2 Use the correct syntax to print the number of items in the fruits tuple."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "print(fruits)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 3 Use negative indexing to print the last item in the tuple"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "apple\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n",
    "print(fruits[-3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 4 Use a range of indexes to print the third, fourth, and fifth item in the tuple."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('cherry', 'orange', 'kiwi')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\", \"kiwi\", \"melon\", \"mango\")\n",
    "print(fruits[2:5])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('cherry', 'orange', 'kiwi')\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\", \"kiwi\", \"melon\", \"mango\")\n",
    "print(fruits[-5:-2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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