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The-TCP-IP-Model.md

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Understanding the TCP/IP Model

Data Flow in TCP/IP:

image

1. Application Layer:

  • This is 4th layer
  • Encodes, compresses and encrypts data
  • It initiates sessions
  • A session involves signalling to setup and manage communication between two devices
  • A browser acts as application layer
  • Protocols involved in this layer: HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, TelNet

2. Transport Layer:

  • This is the 3rd layer
  • Here, the port numbers are added to the services
  • Protocols used: TCp, UDP

3. Network Layer:

  • This is 2nd layer
  • Handles IP addressing, route and virtual pathing
  • IT adds MAC addresses of client and server
  • Protocols used: DHCP, ARP, ICMP

4. Physical Layer:

  • First layer

  • It converts binary signals to electrical signals for data transfer

  • It checks itself for errors e.g. Wi-Fi Adapter

  • Protocols used: Ethernet, 802.11, DSL

  • After going through all the above layers sequentially, signals from physical layer of sender are received by physical layer(1st layer) of receiver side and processed again.