Adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the body's "fight or flight" response to stress or danger. Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands on top of each kidney.
Key points:
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Increased Blood Flow: Adrenaline stimulates the heart and also causes blood vessels to constrict in certain areas, to help blood flow.
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Dilation of Airways: Adrenaline causes the bronchi (airways) in the lungs to dilate, allowing for increased airflow.
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Dilation of Pupils: Adrenaline causes the pupils of the eyes to dilate (enlarge), improving vision in low-light conditions.
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Mobilization of Glucose: Adrenaline stimulates the breakdown of glycogen (stored glucose) in the liver into glucose, to provides immediate energy for the body.
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Inhibition of Insulin Release: Adrenaline inhibits the release of insulin from the pancreas, which helps glucose availability.
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Enhanced Mental Alertness: Adrenaline can improve mental focus and alertness, allowing individuals to quickly assess and respond to situations.
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Stimulation of Lipolysis: Adrenaline promotes the breakdown of fat stores (lipolysis) to release fatty acids into the bloodstream, for additional energy.
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Emergency medication: Adrenaline is sometimes administered as a medication for severe allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, or acute asthma attacks.