dominant_writing_direction.js

/*

4 - Dominant Writing Direction (3/1/2020)

Write a function that computes the dominant writing direction in a string of text. 
Remember that each script object has a direction property that can be "ltr" (left to right), 
"rtl" (right to left), or "ttb" (top to bottom).

The dominant direction is the direction of a majority of the characters that have a script associated with them. 
The characterScript and countBy functions defined earlier in the chapter are probably useful here.

The characterScript function internally a SCRIPTS variable (declared below).

*/

// Functions defined in Chapter 5 (Higher Order Functions)

function characterScript(code) {
// Given a character code, we can find the corresponding script (if any):
    
    for (let script of SCRIPTS) {
        if (script.ranges.some(([from, to]) => {
            return code >= from && code < to;
        })) {
            return script;
        }
    }
    
    return null;
}

function countBy(items, groupName) {
    // Count the items belonging to each group name.

    let counts = [];
    
    for (let item of items) {
        let name = groupName(item);
        let known = counts.findIndex(c => c.name == name);
        if (known == -1) {
            counts.push({name, count: 1});
        } else {
        counts[known].count++;
        }
    }
    
    return counts;
}

// ===========================================

function dominantDirection(text) {
    // Returns the dominant direction (writing direction of majority of characters)
    // of the given text. Otherwise, return `null` if the text doesn't any character(s)
    // from any script specified in the Unicode character set.

    // Get an array containing an objects with info about
    // all the writing direction(s) observed in the given text.
    let writingDirections = countBy(text, char => {
        // The expression `char.codePointAt(0)` returns the Unicode code.
        // We can then use it as an argument to find the script(if any) of the
        // given character.
        let script = characterScript(char.codePointAt(0));
        return script ? script.direction : null;
    }).filter(direction => direction.name !== null);
    
    // Special Case: `writingDirections` is an empty Array i.e., `text` doesn't contain any characters 
    // belonging to any script specified in Unicode charset).
    if (!writingDirections.length) {
        return null;
    }
    else {
        // A `writingDirection` object which representing the dominant direction of the `text`
        // is returned when we use reduce() on `writingDirections`.  
        const {name: dominantDirection} = writingDirections.reduce((dominantDirection, writingDirection) => {
            return (writingDirection.count > dominantDirection.count) ? writingDirection : dominantDirection;
        });

        return dominantDirection;
    }
}

console.log(dominantDirection("Hello!"));
// → ltr
console.log(dominantDirection("Hey, مساء الخير"));
// → rtl
console.log(dominantDirection("Strangers, مساء الخير"));
// → ltr
console.log(dominantDirection(""));
// → null


// SCRIPTS array required for this program to run 

var SCRIPTS = [
  {
    name: "Adlam",
    ranges: [[125184, 125259], [125264, 125274], [125278, 125280]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 1987,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_alphabets#Adlam_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Caucasian Albanian",
    ranges: [[66864, 66916], [66927, 66928]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 420,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Ahom",
    ranges: [[71424, 71450], [71453, 71468], [71472, 71488]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1250,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahom_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Arabic",
    ranges: [[1536, 1541], [1542, 1548], [1549, 1563], [1564, 1565], [1566, 1567], [1568, 1600], [1601, 1611], [1622, 1648], [1649, 1757], [1758, 1792], [1872, 1920], [2208, 2229], [2230, 2238], [2260, 2274], [2275, 2304], [64336, 64450], [64467, 64830], [64848, 64912], [64914, 64968], [65008, 65022], [65136, 65141], [65142, 65277], [69216, 69247], [126464, 126468], [126469, 126496], [126497, 126499], [126500, 126501], [126503, 126504], [126505, 126515], [126516, 126520], [126521, 126522], [126523, 126524], [126530, 126531], [126535, 126536], [126537, 126538], [126539, 126540], [126541, 126544], [126545, 126547], [126548, 126549], [126551, 126552], [126553, 126554], [126555, 126556], [126557, 126558], [126559, 126560], [126561, 126563], [126564, 126565], [126567, 126571], [126572, 126579], [126580, 126584], [126585, 126589], [126590, 126591], [126592, 126602], [126603, 126620], [126625, 126628], [126629, 126634], [126635, 126652], [126704, 126706]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 400,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Imperial Aramaic",
    ranges: [[67648, 67670], [67671, 67680]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 800,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Armenian",
    ranges: [[1329, 1367], [1369, 1376], [1377, 1416], [1418, 1419], [1421, 1424], [64275, 64280]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 405,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Avestan",
    ranges: [[68352, 68406], [68409, 68416]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 400,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Balinese",
    ranges: [[6912, 6988], [6992, 7037]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1000,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinese_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Bamum",
    ranges: [[42656, 42744], [92160, 92729]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1896,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamum_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Bassa Vah",
    ranges: [[92880, 92910], [92912, 92918]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1950,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassa_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Batak",
    ranges: [[7104, 7156], [7164, 7168]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1300,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Bengali",
    ranges: [[2432, 2436], [2437, 2445], [2447, 2449], [2451, 2473], [2474, 2481], [2482, 2483], [2486, 2490], [2492, 2501], [2503, 2505], [2507, 2511], [2519, 2520], [2524, 2526], [2527, 2532], [2534, 2558]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1050,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Bhaiksuki",
    ranges: [[72704, 72713], [72714, 72759], [72760, 72774], [72784, 72813]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1050,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaiksuki_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Bopomofo",
    ranges: [[746, 748], [12549, 12591], [12704, 12731]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1918,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bopomofo"
  },
  {
    name: "Brahmi",
    ranges: [[69632, 69710], [69714, 69744], [69759, 69760]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -250,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmi_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Braille",
    ranges: [[10240, 10496]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1824,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille"
  },
  {
    name: "Buginese",
    ranges: [[6656, 6684], [6686, 6688]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1650,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lontara_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Buhid",
    ranges: [[5952, 5972]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1300,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhid_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Chakma",
    ranges: [[69888, 69941], [69942, 69956]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1050,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakma_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Canadian Aboriginal",
    ranges: [[5120, 5760], [6320, 6390]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1840,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics"
  },
  {
    name: "Carian",
    ranges: [[66208, 66257]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -650,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carian_alphabets"
  },
  {
    name: "Cham",
    ranges: [[43520, 43575], [43584, 43598], [43600, 43610], [43612, 43616]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 750,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Cherokee",
    ranges: [[5024, 5110], [5112, 5118], [43888, 43968]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1820,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary"
  },
  {
    name: "Coptic",
    ranges: [[994, 1008], [11392, 11508], [11513, 11520]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -200,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Cypriot",
    ranges: [[67584, 67590], [67592, 67593], [67594, 67638], [67639, 67641], [67644, 67645], [67647, 67648]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -1100,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary"
  },
  {
    name: "Cyrillic",
    ranges: [[1024, 1157], [1159, 1328], [7296, 7305], [7467, 7468], [7544, 7545], [11744, 11776], [42560, 42656], [65070, 65072]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 950,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Devanagari",
    ranges: [[2304, 2385], [2387, 2404], [2406, 2432], [43232, 43262]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 100,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari"
  },
  {
    name: "Deseret",
    ranges: [[66560, 66640]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1854,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deseret_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Duployan",
    ranges: [[113664, 113771], [113776, 113789], [113792, 113801], [113808, 113818], [113820, 113824]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1860,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duployan_shorthand"
  },
  {
    name: "Egyptian Hieroglyphs",
    ranges: [[77824, 78895]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -3200,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs"
  },
  {
    name: "Elbasan",
    ranges: [[66816, 66856]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1750,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbasan_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Ethiopic",
    ranges: [[4608, 4681], [4682, 4686], [4688, 4695], [4696, 4697], [4698, 4702], [4704, 4745], [4746, 4750], [4752, 4785], [4786, 4790], [4792, 4799], [4800, 4801], [4802, 4806], [4808, 4823], [4824, 4881], [4882, 4886], [4888, 4955], [4957, 4989], [4992, 5018], [11648, 11671], [11680, 11687], [11688, 11695], [11696, 11703], [11704, 11711], [11712, 11719], [11720, 11727], [11728, 11735], [11736, 11743], [43777, 43783], [43785, 43791], [43793, 43799], [43808, 43815], [43816, 43823]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -900,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge%27ez_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Georgian",
    ranges: [[4256, 4294], [4295, 4296], [4301, 4302], [4304, 4347], [4348, 4352], [11520, 11558], [11559, 11560], [11565, 11566]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 430,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_scripts"
  },
  {
    name: "Glagolitic",
    ranges: [[11264, 11311], [11312, 11359], [122880, 122887], [122888, 122905], [122907, 122914], [122915, 122917], [122918, 122923]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 862,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glagolitic_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Masaram Gondi",
    ranges: [[72960, 72967], [72968, 72970], [72971, 73015], [73018, 73019], [73020, 73022], [73023, 73032], [73040, 73050]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1918,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondi_writing#Masaram"
  },
  {
    name: "Gothic",
    ranges: [[66352, 66379]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 350,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Grantha",
    ranges: [[70400, 70404], [70405, 70413], [70415, 70417], [70419, 70441], [70442, 70449], [70450, 70452], [70453, 70458], [70460, 70469], [70471, 70473], [70475, 70478], [70480, 70481], [70487, 70488], [70493, 70500], [70502, 70509], [70512, 70517]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 550,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantha_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Greek",
    ranges: [[880, 884], [885, 888], [890, 894], [895, 896], [900, 901], [902, 903], [904, 907], [908, 909], [910, 930], [931, 994], [1008, 1024], [7462, 7467], [7517, 7522], [7526, 7531], [7615, 7616], [7936, 7958], [7960, 7966], [7968, 8006], [8008, 8014], [8016, 8024], [8025, 8026], [8027, 8028], [8029, 8030], [8031, 8062], [8064, 8117], [8118, 8133], [8134, 8148], [8150, 8156], [8157, 8176], [8178, 8181], [8182, 8191], [8486, 8487], [43877, 43878], [65856, 65935], [65952, 65953], [119296, 119366]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -800,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Gujarati",
    ranges: [[2689, 2692], [2693, 2702], [2703, 2706], [2707, 2729], [2730, 2737], [2738, 2740], [2741, 2746], [2748, 2758], [2759, 2762], [2763, 2766], [2768, 2769], [2784, 2788], [2790, 2802], [2809, 2816]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1592,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarati_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Gurmukhi",
    ranges: [[2561, 2564], [2565, 2571], [2575, 2577], [2579, 2601], [2602, 2609], [2610, 2612], [2613, 2615], [2616, 2618], [2620, 2621], [2622, 2627], [2631, 2633], [2635, 2638], [2641, 2642], [2649, 2653], [2654, 2655], [2662, 2678]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1550,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Hangul",
    ranges: [[4352, 4608], [12334, 12336], [12593, 12687], [12800, 12831], [12896, 12927], [43360, 43389], [44032, 55204], [55216, 55239], [55243, 55292], [65440, 65471], [65474, 65480], [65482, 65488], [65490, 65496], [65498, 65501]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1443,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul"
  },
  {
    name: "Han",
    ranges: [[11904, 11930], [11931, 12020], [12032, 12246], [12293, 12294], [12295, 12296], [12321, 12330], [12344, 12348], [13312, 19894], [19968, 40939], [63744, 64110], [64112, 64218], [131072, 173783], [173824, 177973], [177984, 178206], [178208, 183970], [183984, 191457], [194560, 195102]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -1100,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters"
  },
  {
    name: "Hanunoo",
    ranges: [[5920, 5941]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1300,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanun%C3%B3%27o_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Hatran",
    ranges: [[67808, 67827], [67828, 67830], [67835, 67840]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -40,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatran_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Hebrew",
    ranges: [[1425, 1480], [1488, 1515], [1520, 1525], [64285, 64311], [64312, 64317], [64318, 64319], [64320, 64322], [64323, 64325], [64326, 64336]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -100,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Hiragana",
    ranges: [[12353, 12439], [12445, 12448], [110593, 110879], [127488, 127489]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 800,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana"
  },
  {
    name: "Anatolian Hieroglyphs",
    ranges: [[82944, 83527]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -1400,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs"
  },
  {
    name: "Pahawh Hmong",
    ranges: [[92928, 92998], [93008, 93018], [93019, 93026], [93027, 93048], [93053, 93072]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1959,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong"
  },
  {
    name: "Old Hungarian",
    ranges: [[68736, 68787], [68800, 68851], [68858, 68864]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 1150,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Hungarian_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Old Italic",
    ranges: [[66304, 66340], [66349, 66352]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -750,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Italic_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Javanese",
    ranges: [[43392, 43470], [43472, 43482], [43486, 43488]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1250,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Kayah Li",
    ranges: [[43264, 43310], [43311, 43312]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1962,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Katakana",
    ranges: [[12449, 12539], [12541, 12544], [12784, 12800], [13008, 13055], [13056, 13144], [65382, 65392], [65393, 65438], [110592, 110593]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 800,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakana"
  },
  {
    name: "Kharoshthi",
    ranges: [[68096, 68100], [68101, 68103], [68108, 68116], [68117, 68120], [68121, 68148], [68152, 68155], [68159, 68168], [68176, 68185]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -400,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharosthi"
  },
  {
    name: "Khmer",
    ranges: [[6016, 6110], [6112, 6122], [6128, 6138], [6624, 6656]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 611,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Khojki",
    ranges: [[70144, 70162], [70163, 70207]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1520,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khojki_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Kannada",
    ranges: [[3200, 3204], [3205, 3213], [3214, 3217], [3218, 3241], [3242, 3252], [3253, 3258], [3260, 3269], [3270, 3273], [3274, 3278], [3285, 3287], [3294, 3295], [3296, 3300], [3302, 3312], [3313, 3315]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 450,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Kaithi",
    ranges: [[69760, 69826]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1550,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaithi"
  },
  {
    name: "Tai Tham",
    ranges: [[6688, 6751], [6752, 6781], [6783, 6794], [6800, 6810], [6816, 6830]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1300,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Tham_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Lao",
    ranges: [[3713, 3715], [3716, 3717], [3719, 3721], [3722, 3723], [3725, 3726], [3732, 3736], [3737, 3744], [3745, 3748], [3749, 3750], [3751, 3752], [3754, 3756], [3757, 3770], [3771, 3774], [3776, 3781], [3782, 3783], [3784, 3790], [3792, 3802], [3804, 3808]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1350,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Latin",
    ranges: [[65, 91], [97, 123], [170, 171], [186, 187], [192, 215], [216, 247], [248, 697], [736, 741], [7424, 7462], [7468, 7517], [7522, 7526], [7531, 7544], [7545, 7615], [7680, 7936], [8305, 8306], [8319, 8320], [8336, 8349], [8490, 8492], [8498, 8499], [8526, 8527], [8544, 8585], [11360, 11392], [42786, 42888], [42891, 42927], [42928, 42936], [42999, 43008], [43824, 43867], [43868, 43877], [64256, 64263], [65313, 65339], [65345, 65371]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -700,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Lepcha",
    ranges: [[7168, 7224], [7227, 7242], [7245, 7248]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1700,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Limbu",
    ranges: [[6400, 6431], [6432, 6444], [6448, 6460], [6464, 6465], [6468, 6480]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1740,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbu_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Linear A",
    ranges: [[67072, 67383], [67392, 67414], [67424, 67432]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -2500,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_A"
  },
  {
    name: "Linear B",
    ranges: [[65536, 65548], [65549, 65575], [65576, 65595], [65596, 65598], [65599, 65614], [65616, 65630], [65664, 65787]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -1450,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_B"
  },
  {
    name: "Lisu",
    ranges: [[42192, 42240]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1915,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Lycian",
    ranges: [[66176, 66205]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -500,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycian_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Lydian",
    ranges: [[67872, 67898], [67903, 67904]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -700,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydian_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Mahajani",
    ranges: [[69968, 70007]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1150,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajani"
  },
  {
    name: "Mandaic",
    ranges: [[2112, 2140], [2142, 2143]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 200,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Manichaean",
    ranges: [[68288, 68327], [68331, 68343]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 250,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manichaean_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Marchen",
    ranges: [[72816, 72848], [72850, 72872], [72873, 72887]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 650,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang-Zhung_language#Scripts"
  },
  {
    name: "Mende Kikakui",
    ranges: [[124928, 125125], [125127, 125143]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 1880,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Meroitic Cursive",
    ranges: [[68000, 68024], [68028, 68048], [68050, 68096]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -300,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meroitic_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Meroitic Hieroglyphs",
    ranges: [[67968, 68000]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -300,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meroitic_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Malayalam",
    ranges: [[3328, 3332], [3333, 3341], [3342, 3345], [3346, 3397], [3398, 3401], [3402, 3408], [3412, 3428], [3430, 3456]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 830,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Modi",
    ranges: [[71168, 71237], [71248, 71258]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1200,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modi_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Mongolian",
    ranges: [[6144, 6146], [6148, 6149], [6150, 6159], [6160, 6170], [6176, 6264], [6272, 6315], [71264, 71277]],
    direction: "ttb",
    year: 1204,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Mro",
    ranges: [[92736, 92767], [92768, 92778], [92782, 92784]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1985,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mru_language#Alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Meetei Mayek",
    ranges: [[43744, 43767], [43968, 44014], [44016, 44026]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 200,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Multani",
    ranges: [[70272, 70279], [70280, 70281], [70282, 70286], [70287, 70302], [70303, 70314]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1750,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multani_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Myanmar",
    ranges: [[4096, 4256], [43488, 43519], [43616, 43648]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 984,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Old North Arabian",
    ranges: [[68224, 68256]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 750,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian"
  },
  {
    name: "Nabataean",
    ranges: [[67712, 67743], [67751, 67760]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 150,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabataean_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Newa",
    ranges: [[70656, 70746], [70747, 70748], [70749, 70750]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1000,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prachalit_Nepal_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Nko",
    ranges: [[1984, 2043]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 1949,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%27Ko_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Nushu",
    ranges: [[94177, 94178], [110960, 111356]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1500,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCshu_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Ogham",
    ranges: [[5760, 5789]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 350,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham"
  },
  {
    name: "Ol Chiki",
    ranges: [[7248, 7296]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1925,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Old Turkic",
    ranges: [[68608, 68681]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 750,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Turkic_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Oriya",
    ranges: [[2817, 2820], [2821, 2829], [2831, 2833], [2835, 2857], [2858, 2865], [2866, 2868], [2869, 2874], [2876, 2885], [2887, 2889], [2891, 2894], [2902, 2904], [2908, 2910], [2911, 2916], [2918, 2936]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1060,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Osage",
    ranges: [[66736, 66772], [66776, 66812]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 2006,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osage_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Osmanya",
    ranges: [[66688, 66718], [66720, 66730]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1920,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanya_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Palmyrene",
    ranges: [[67680, 67712]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -100,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Pau Cin Hau",
    ranges: [[72384, 72441]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1900,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau"
  },
  {
    name: "Old Permic",
    ranges: [[66384, 66427]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1372,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Permic_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Phags-pa",
    ranges: [[43072, 43123], [43124, 43127]],
    direction: "ttb",
    year: 1269,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Phags-pa_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Inscriptional Pahlavi",
    ranges: [[68448, 68467], [68472, 68480]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -171,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi"
  },
  {
    name: "Psalter Pahlavi",
    ranges: [[68480, 68498], [68505, 68509], [68521, 68528]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 550,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi"
  },
  {
    name: "Phoenician",
    ranges: [[67840, 67868], [67871, 67872]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -1200,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Miao",
    ranges: [[93952, 94021], [94032, 94079], [94095, 94112]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1936,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollard_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Inscriptional Parthian",
    ranges: [[68416, 68438], [68440, 68448]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -250,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian"
  },
  {
    name: "Rejang",
    ranges: [[43312, 43348], [43359, 43360]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1750,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejang_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Runic",
    ranges: [[5792, 5867], [5870, 5881]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 150,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runes"
  },
  {
    name: "Samaritan",
    ranges: [[2048, 2094], [2096, 2111]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -600,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Old South Arabian",
    ranges: [[68192, 68224]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -850,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Saurashtra",
    ranges: [[43136, 43206], [43214, 43226]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1920,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saurashtra_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "SignWriting",
    ranges: [[120832, 121484], [121499, 121504], [121505, 121520]],
    direction: "ttb",
    year: 1974,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SignWriting"
  },
  {
    name: "Shavian",
    ranges: [[66640, 66688]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1960,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavian_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Sharada",
    ranges: [[70016, 70094], [70096, 70112]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 800,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81rad%C4%81_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Siddham",
    ranges: [[71040, 71094], [71096, 71134]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 550,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Khudawadi",
    ranges: [[70320, 70379], [70384, 70394]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1550,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khudabadi_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Sinhala",
    ranges: [[3458, 3460], [3461, 3479], [3482, 3506], [3507, 3516], [3517, 3518], [3520, 3527], [3530, 3531], [3535, 3541], [3542, 3543], [3544, 3552], [3558, 3568], [3570, 3573], [70113, 70133]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 700,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhalese_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Sora Sompeng",
    ranges: [[69840, 69865], [69872, 69882]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1936,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Soyombo",
    ranges: [[72272, 72324], [72326, 72349], [72350, 72355]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1650,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyombo_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Sundanese",
    ranges: [[7040, 7104], [7360, 7368]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1350,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundanese_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Syloti Nagri",
    ranges: [[43008, 43052]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1303,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylheti_Nagari"
  },
  {
    name: "Syriac",
    ranges: [[1792, 1806], [1807, 1867], [1869, 1872], [2144, 2155]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: -200,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Tagbanwa",
    ranges: [[5984, 5997], [5998, 6001], [6002, 6004]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1300,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagbanwa_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Takri",
    ranges: [[71296, 71352], [71360, 71370]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1550,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takri_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Tai Le",
    ranges: [[6480, 6510], [6512, 6517]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1200,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Le_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "New Tai Lue",
    ranges: [[6528, 6572], [6576, 6602], [6608, 6619], [6622, 6624]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1950,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Tamil",
    ranges: [[2946, 2948], [2949, 2955], [2958, 2961], [2962, 2966], [2969, 2971], [2972, 2973], [2974, 2976], [2979, 2981], [2984, 2987], [2990, 3002], [3006, 3011], [3014, 3017], [3018, 3022], [3024, 3025], [3031, 3032], [3046, 3067]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 700,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Tangut",
    ranges: [[94176, 94177], [94208, 100333], [100352, 101107]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1036,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangut_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Tai Viet",
    ranges: [[43648, 43715], [43739, 43744]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1200,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Dam_language#Writing_system"
  },
  {
    name: "Telugu",
    ranges: [[3072, 3076], [3077, 3085], [3086, 3089], [3090, 3113], [3114, 3130], [3133, 3141], [3142, 3145], [3146, 3150], [3157, 3159], [3160, 3163], [3168, 3172], [3174, 3184], [3192, 3200]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -900,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Tifinagh",
    ranges: [[11568, 11624], [11631, 11633], [11647, 11648]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -300,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifinagh"
  },
  {
    name: "Tagalog",
    ranges: [[5888, 5901], [5902, 5909]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1250,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybayin"
  },
  {
    name: "Thaana",
    ranges: [[1920, 1970]],
    direction: "rtl",
    year: 1599,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaana"
  },
  {
    name: "Thai",
    ranges: [[3585, 3643], [3648, 3676]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1283,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Tibetan",
    ranges: [[3840, 3912], [3913, 3949], [3953, 3992], [3993, 4029], [4030, 4045], [4046, 4053], [4057, 4059]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 650,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Tirhuta",
    ranges: [[70784, 70856], [70864, 70874]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1450,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirhuta"
  },
  {
    name: "Ugaritic",
    ranges: [[66432, 66462], [66463, 66464]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -1400,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet"
  },
  {
    name: "Vai",
    ranges: [[42240, 42540]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1830,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vai_syllabary"
  },
  {
    name: "Warang Citi",
    ranges: [[71840, 71923], [71935, 71936]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1946,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warang_Citi"
  },
  {
    name: "Old Persian",
    ranges: [[66464, 66500], [66504, 66518]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -525,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform"
  },
  {
    name: "Cuneiform",
    ranges: [[73728, 74650], [74752, 74863], [74864, 74869], [74880, 75076]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: -3050,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Yi",
    ranges: [[40960, 42125], [42128, 42183]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1450,
    living: true,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_script"
  },
  {
    name: "Zanabazar Square",
    ranges: [[72192, 72264]],
    direction: "ltr",
    year: 1700,
    living: false,
    link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_writing_systems#Horizontal_square_script"
  }
];

// ==================================================