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pltotf.web
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% This program by D. E. Knuth is not copyrighted and can be used freely.
% Version 0 was implemented in January 1982.
% In February 1982 a new restriction on ligature steps was added.
% In June 1982 the routines were divided into smaller pieces for IBM people.
% Hex was added in September 1982, and the result became "Version 1".
% Version 1.1 fixed a bug in section 28 (since eoln is undefined after eof).
% Slight changes were made in October, 1982, for version 0.6 of TeX.
% Version 1.2 fixed a bug in section 115 (TOP, MID, and BOT can be zero)
% Version 1.3 (April 1983) blanked out unused BCPL header bytes
% Version 2 (July 1983) was released with TeX version 0.999.
% Version 2.1 (September 1983) changed TEXINFO to FONTDIMEN.
% Version 2.2 (May 1985) added checksum computation to match METAFONT.
% Version 2.3 (August 1985) introduced `backup' to fix a minor bug.
% Version 3 (October 1989) introduced extended ligature features.
% Version 3.1 (November 1989) fixed two bugs (notably min_nl:=0).
% Version 3.2 (December 1989) improved `shorten', increased max_letters.
% Version 3.3 (September 1990) fixed `nonexistent char 0' (John Gourlay).
% Version 3.4 (March 1991) has more robust `out_scaled' (Wayne Sullivan).
% Version 3.5 (March 1995) initialized lk_step_ended (Armin K\"ollner).
% Version 3.6 (January 2014) corrected possible end-of-line glitch (Ken Nakano),
% and get_fix now treats -- as + (Peter Breitenlohner).
% Here is TeX material that gets inserted after \input webmac
\def\hang{\hangindent 3em\indent\ignorespaces}
\font\ninerm=cmr9
\let\mc=\ninerm % medium caps for names like SAIL
\def\PASCAL{Pascal}
\font\logo=logo10 % for the METAFONT logo
\def\MF{{\logo METAFONT}}
\def\(#1){} % this is used to make section names sort themselves better
\def\9#1{} % this is used for sort keys in the index
\def\title{PL\lowercase{to}TF}
\def\contentspagenumber{301}
\def\topofcontents{\null
\titlefalse % include headline on the contents page
\def\rheader{\mainfont\hfil \contentspagenumber}
\vfill
\centerline{\titlefont The {\ttitlefont PLtoTF} processor}
\vskip 15pt
\centerline{(Version 3.6, January 2014)}
\vfill}
\def\botofcontents{\vfill
\centerline{\hsize 5in\baselineskip9pt
\vbox{\ninerm\noindent
The preparation of this report
was supported in part by the National Science
Foundation under grants IST-8201926 and MCS-8300984,
and by the System Development Foundation. `\TeX' is a
trademark of the American Mathematical Society.}}}
\pageno=\contentspagenumber \advance\pageno by 1
@* Introduction.
The \.{PLtoTF} utility program converts property-list (``\.{PL}'')
files into equivalent \TeX\ font metric (``\.{TFM}'') files. It also
makes a thorough check of the given \.{PL} file, so that the \.{TFM}
file should be acceptable to \TeX.
The first \.{PLtoTF} program was designed by Leo Guibas in the summer of
1978. Contributions by Frank Liang, Doug Wyatt, and Lyle Ramshaw
also had a significant effect on the evolution of the present code.
Extensions for an enhanced ligature mechanism were added by the author in 1989.
The |banner| string defined here should be changed whenever \.{PLtoTF}
gets modified.
@d banner=='This is PLtoTF, Version 3.6' {printed when the program starts}
@ This program is written entirely in standard \PASCAL, except that
it has to do some slightly system-dependent character code conversion
on input. Furthermore, lower case letters are used in error messages;
they could be converted to upper case if necessary. The input is read
from |pl_file|, and the output is written on |tfm_file|; error messages and
other remarks are written on the |output| file, which the user may
choose to assign to the terminal if the system permits it.
@^system dependencies@>
The term |print| is used instead of |write| when this program writes on
the |output| file, so that all such output can be easily deflected.
@d print(#)==write(#)
@d print_ln(#)==write_ln(#)
@p program PLtoTF(@!pl_file,@!tfm_file,@!output);
const @<Constants in the outer block@>@/
type @<Types in the outer block@>@/
var @<Globals in the outer block@>@/
procedure initialize; {this procedure gets things started properly}
var @<Local variables for initialization@>@/
begin print_ln(banner);@/
@<Set initial values@>@/
end;
@ The following parameters can be changed at compile time to extend or
reduce \.{PLtoTF}'s capacity.
@<Constants...@>=
@!buf_size=60; {length of lines displayed in error messages}
@!max_header_bytes=100; {four times the maximum number of words allowed in
the \.{TFM} file header block, must be 1024 or less}
@!max_param_words=30; {the maximum number of \.{fontdimen} parameters allowed}
@!max_lig_steps=5000;
{maximum length of ligature program, must be at most $32767-257=32510$}
@!max_kerns=500; {the maximum number of distinct kern values}
@!hash_size=5003; {preferably a prime number, a bit larger than the number
of character pairs in lig/kern steps}
@ Here are some macros for common programming idioms.
@d incr(#) == #:=#+1 {increase a variable by unity}
@d decr(#) == #:=#-1 {decrease a variable by unity}
@d do_nothing == {empty statement}
@* Property list description of font metric data.
The idea behind \.{PL} files is that precise details about fonts, i.e., the
facts that are needed by typesetting routines like \TeX, sometimes have to
be supplied by hand. The nested property-list format provides a reasonably
convenient way to do this.
A good deal of computation is necessary to parse and process a
\.{PL} file, so it would be inappropriate for \TeX\ itself to do this
every time it loads a font. \TeX\ deals only with the compact descriptions
of font metric data that appear in \.{TFM} files. Such data is so compact,
however, it is almost impossible for anybody but a computer to read it.
The purpose of \.{PLtoTF} is to convert from a human-oriented file of text
to a computer-oriented file of binary numbers.
@<Glob...@>=
@!pl_file:text;
@ @<Set init...@>=
reset(pl_file);
@ A \.{PL} file is a list of entries of the form
$$\.{(PROPERTYNAME VALUE)}$$
where the property name is one of a finite set of names understood by
this program, and the value may itself in turn be a property list.
The idea is best understood by looking at an example, so let's consider
a fragment of the \.{PL} file for a hypothetical font.
$$\vbox{\halign{\.{#}\hfil\cr
(FAMILY NOVA)\cr
(FACE F MIE)\cr
(CODINGSCHEME ASCII)\cr
(DESIGNSIZE D 10)\cr
(DESIGNUNITS D 18)\cr
(COMMENT A COMMENT IS IGNORED)\cr
(COMMENT (EXCEPT THIS ONE ISN'T))\cr
(COMMENT (ACTUALLY IT IS, EVEN THOUGH\cr
\qquad\qquad IT SAYS IT ISN'T))\cr
(FONTDIMEN\cr
\qquad (SLANT R -.25)\cr
\qquad (SPACE D 6)\cr
\qquad (SHRINK D 2)\cr
\qquad (STRETCH D 3)\cr
\qquad (XHEIGHT R 10.55)\cr
\qquad (QUAD D 18)\cr
\qquad )\cr
(LIGTABLE\cr
\qquad (LABEL C f)\cr
\qquad (LIG C f O 200)\cr
\qquad (SKIP D 1)\cr
\qquad (LABEL O 200)\cr
\qquad (LIG C i O 201)\cr
\qquad (KRN O 51 R 1.5)\cr
\qquad (/LIG C ? C f)\cr
\qquad (STOP)\cr
\qquad )\cr
(CHARACTER C f\cr
\qquad (CHARWD D 6)\cr
\qquad (CHARHT R 13.5)\cr
\qquad (CHARIC R 1.5)\cr
\qquad )\cr}}$$
This example says that the font whose metric information is being described
belongs to the hypothetical
\.{NOVA} family; its face code is medium italic extended;
and the characters appear in ASCII code positions. The design size is 10 points,
and all other sizes in this \.{PL} file are given in units such that 18 units
equals the design size. The font is slanted with a slope of $-.25$ (hence the
letters actually slant backward---perhaps that is why the family name is
\.{NOVA}). The normal space between words is 6 units (i.e., one third of
the 18-unit design size), with glue that shrinks by 2 units or stretches by 3.
The letters for which accents don't need to be raised or lowered are 10.55
units high, and one em equals 18 units.
The example ligature table is a bit trickier. It specifies that the
letter \.f followed by another \.f is changed to code @'200, while
code @'200 followed by \.i is changed to @'201; presumably codes @'200
and @'201 represent the ligatures `ff' and `ffi'. Moreover, in both cases
\.f and @'200, if the following character is the code @'51 (which is a
right parenthesis), an additional 1.5 units of space should be inserted
before the @'51. (The `\.{SKIP}~\.D~\.1' skips over one \.{LIG} or
\.{KRN} command, which in this case is the second \.{LIG}; in this way
two different ligature/kern programs can come together.)
Finally, if either \.f or @'200 is followed by a question mark,
the question mark is replaced by \.f and the ligature program is
started over. (Thus, the character pair `\.{f?}' would actually become
the ligature `ff', and `\.{ff?}' or `\.{f?f}' would become `fff'. To
avoid this restart procedure, the \.{/LIG} command could be replaced
by \.{/LIG>}; then `\.{f?} would become `f\kern0ptf' and `\.{f?f}'
would become `f\kern0ptff'.)
Character \.f itself is 6 units wide and 13.5 units tall, in this example.
Its depth is zero (since \.{CHARDP} is not given), and its italic correction
is 1.5 units.
@ The example above illustrates most of the features found in \.{PL} files.
Note that some property names, like \.{FAMILY} or \.{COMMENT}, take a
string as their value; this string continues until the first unmatched
right parenthesis. But most property names, like \.{DESIGNSIZE} and \.{SLANT}
and \.{LABEL}, take a number as their value. This number can be expressed in
a variety of ways, indicated by a prefixed code; \.D stands for decimal,
\.H for hexadecimal, \.O for octal, \.R for real, \.C for character, and
\.F for ``face.'' Other property names, like \.{LIG}, take two numbers as
their value. And still other names, like \.{FONTDIMEN} and \.{LIGTABLE} and
\.{CHARACTER}, have more complicated values that involve property lists.
A property name is supposed to be used only in an appropriate property
list. For example, \.{CHARWD} shouldn't occur on the outer level or
within \.{FONTDIMEN}.
The individual property-and-value pairs in a property list can appear in
any order. For instance, `\.{SHRINK}' precedes `\.{STRETCH}' in the above
example, although the \.{TFM} file always puts the stretch parameter first.
One could even give the information about characters like `\.f' before
specifying the number of units in the design size, or before specifying the
ligature and kerning table. However, the \.{LIGTABLE} itself is an exception
to this rule; the individual elements of the \.{LIGTABLE} property list
can be reordered only to a certain extent without changing the meaning
of that table.
If property-and-value pairs are omitted, a default value is used. For example,
we have already noted that the default for \.{CHARDP} is zero. The default
for {\sl every\/} numeric value is, in fact, zero, unless otherwise stated
below.
If the same property name is used more than once, \.{PLtoTF} will not notice
the discrepancy; it simply uses the final value given. Once again, however, the
\.{LIGTABLE} is an exception to this rule; \.{PLtoTF} will complain if there
is more than one label for some character. And of course many of the
entries in the \.{LIGTABLE} property list have the same property name.
From these rules, you can guess (correctly) that \.{PLtoTF} operates in four
main steps. First it assigns the default values to all properties; then it scans
through the \.{PL} file, changing property values as new ones are seen; then
it checks the information and corrects any problems; and finally it outputs
the \.{TFM} file.
@ Instead of relying on a hypothetical example, let's consider a complete
grammar for \.{PL} files. At the outer level, the following property names
are valid:
\yskip\hang\.{CHECKSUM} (four-byte value). The value, which should be a
nonnegative integer less than $2^{32}$, is used to identify a particular
version of a font; it should match the check sum value stored with the font
itself. An explicit check sum of zero is used to bypass
check sum testing. If no checksum is specified in the \.{PL} file,
\.{PLtoTF} will compute the checksum that \MF\ would compute from the
same data.
\yskip\hang\.{DESIGNSIZE} (numeric value, default is 10). The value, which
should be a real number in the range |1.0<=x<2048|, represents the default
amount by which all quantities will be scaled if the font is not loaded
with an `\.{at}' specification. For example, if one says
`\.{\\font\\A=cmr10 at 15pt}' in \TeX\ language, the design size in the \.{TFM}
file is ignored and effectively replaced by 15 points; but if one simply
says `\.{\\font\\A=cmr10}' the stated design size is used. This quantity is
always in units of printer's points.
\yskip\hang\.{DESIGNUNITS} (numeric value, default is 1). The value
should be a positive real number; it says how many units equals the design
size (or the eventual `\.{at}' size, if the font is being scaled). For
example, suppose you have a font that has been digitized with 600 pixels per
em, and the design size is one em; then you could say `\.{(DESIGNUNITS R 600)}'
if you wanted to give all of your measurements in units of pixels.
\yskip\hang\.{CODINGSCHEME} (string value, default is `\.{UNSPECIFIED}').
The string should not contain parentheses, and its length must be less than 40.
It identifies the correspondence between the numeric codes and font characters.
(\TeX\ ignores this information, but other software programs make use of it.)
\yskip\hang\.{FAMILY} (string value, default is `\.{UNSPECIFIED}').
The string should not contain parentheses, and its length must be less than 20.
It identifies the name of the family to which this font belongs, e.g.,
`\.{HELVETICA}'. (\TeX\ ignores this information; but it is needed, for
example, when converting \.{DVI} files to \.{PRESS} files for Xerox
equipment.)
\yskip\hang\.{FACE} (one-byte value). This number, which must lie between
0 and 255 inclusive, is a subsidiary ident\-ifi\-ca\-tion of the font within its
family. For example, bold italic condensed fonts might have the same family name
as light roman extended fonts, differing only in their face byte. (\TeX\
ignores this information; but it is needed, for example, when converting
\.{DVI} files to \.{PRESS} files for Xerox equipment.)
\yskip\hang\.{SEVENBITSAFEFLAG} (string value, default is `\.{FALSE}'). The
value should start with either `\.T' (true) or `\.F' (false). If true, character
codes less than 128 cannot lead to codes of 128 or more via ligatures or
charlists or extensible characters. (\TeX82 ignores this flag, but older
versions of \TeX\ would only accept \.{TFM} files that were seven-bit safe.)
\.{PLtoTF} computes the correct value of this flag and gives an error message
only if a claimed ``true'' value is incorrect.
\yskip\hang\.{HEADER} (a one-byte value followed by a four-byte value).
The one-byte value should be between 18 and a maximum limit that can be
raised or lowered depending on the compile-time setting of |max_header_bytes|.
The four-byte value goes into the header word whose index is the one-byte
value; for example, to set |header[18]:=1|, one may write
`\.{(HEADER D 18 O 1)}'. This notation is used for header information that
is presently unnamed. (\TeX\ ignores it.)
\yskip\hang\.{FONTDIMEN} (property list value). See below for the names
allowed in this property list.
\yskip\hang\.{LIGTABLE} (property list value). See below for the rules
about this special kind of property list.
\yskip\hang\.{BOUNDARYCHAR} (one-byte value). If this character appears in
a \.{LIGTABLE} command, it matches ``end of word'' as well as itself.
If no boundary character is given and no \.{LABEL} \.{BOUNDARYCHAR} occurs
within \.{LIGTABLE}, word boundaries will not affect ligatures or kerning.
\yskip\hang\.{CHARACTER}. The value is a one-byte integer followed by
a property list. The integer represents the number of a character that is
present in the font; the property list of a character is defined below.
The default is an empty property list.
@ Numeric property list values can be given in various forms identified by
a prefixed letter.
\yskip\hang\.C denotes an ASCII character, which should be a standard visible
character that is not a parenthesis. The numeric value will therefore be
between @'41 and @'176 but not @'50 or @'51.
\yskip\hang\.D denotes a decimal integer, which must be nonnegative and
less than 256. (Use \.R for larger values or for negative values.)
\yskip\hang\.F denotes a three-letter Xerox face code; the admissible codes
are \.{MRR}, \.{MIR}, \.{BRR}, \.{BIR}, \.{LRR}, \.{LIR}, \.{MRC}, \.{MIC},
\.{BRC}, \.{BIC}, \.{LRC}, \.{LIC}, \.{MRE}, \.{MIE}, \.{BRE}, \.{BIE},
\.{LRE}, and \.{LIE}, denoting the integers 0 to 17, respectively.
\yskip\hang\.O denotes an unsigned octal integer, which must be less than
$2^{32}$, i.e., at most `\.{O 37777777777}'.
\yskip\hang\.H denotes an unsigned hexadecimal integer, which must be less than
$2^{32}$, i.e., at most `\.{H FFFFFFFF}'.
\yskip\hang\.R denotes a real number in decimal notation, optionally preceded
by a `\.+' or `\.-' sign, and optionally including a decimal point. The
absolute value must be less than 2048.
@ The property names allowed in a \.{FONTDIMEN} property list correspond to
various \TeX\ parameters, each of which has a (real) numeric value. All
of the parameters except \.{SLANT} are in design units. The admissible
names are \.{SLANT}, \.{SPACE}, \.{STRETCH}, \.{SHRINK}, \.{XHEIGHT},
\.{QUAD}, \.{EXTRASPACE}, \.{NUM1}, \.{NUM2}, \.{NUM3}, \.{DENOM1},
\.{DENOM2}, \.{SUP1}, \.{SUP2}, \.{SUP3}, \.{SUB1}, \.{SUB2}, \.{SUPDROP},
\.{SUBDROP}, \.{DELIM1}, \.{DELIM2}, and \.{AXISHEIGHT}, for parameters
1~to~22. The alternate names \.{DEFAULTRULETHICKNESS},
\.{BIGOPSPACING1}, \.{BIGOPSPACING2}, \.{BIGOPSPACING3},
\.{BIGOPSPACING4}, and \.{BIGOPSPACING5}, may also be used for parameters
8 to 13.
The notation `\.{PARAMETER} $n$' provides another way to specify the
$n$th parameter; for example, `\.{(PARAMETER} \.{D 1 R -.25)}' is another way
to specify that the \.{SLANT} is $-0.25$. The value of $n$ must be positive
and less than |max_param_words|.
@ The elements of a \.{CHARACTER} property list can be of six different types.
\yskip\hang\.{CHARWD} (real value) denotes the character's width in
design units.
\yskip\hang\.{CHARHT} (real value) denotes the character's height in
design units.
\yskip\hang\.{CHARDP} (real value) denotes the character's depth in
design units.
\yskip\hang\.{CHARIC} (real value) denotes the character's italic correction in
design units.
\yskip\hang\.{NEXTLARGER} (one-byte value), specifies the character that
follows the present one in a ``charlist.'' The value must be the number of a
character in the font, and there must be no infinite cycles of supposedly
larger and larger characters.
\yskip\hang\.{VARCHAR} (property list value), specifies an extensible character.
This option and \.{NEXTLARGER} are mutually exclusive; i.e., they cannot
both be used within the same \.{CHARACTER} list.
\yskip\noindent
The elements of a \.{VARCHAR} property list are either \.{TOP}, \.{MID},
\.{BOT}, or \.{REP}; the values are integers, which must be zero or the number
of a character in the font. A zero value for \.{TOP}, \.{MID}, or \.{BOT} means
that the corresponding piece of the extensible character is absent. A nonzero
value, or a \.{REP} value of zero, denotes the character code used to make
up the top, middle, bottom, or replicated piece of an extensible character.
@ A \.{LIGTABLE} property list contains elements of four kinds, specifying a
program in a simple command language that \TeX\ uses for ligatures and kerns.
If several \.{LIGTABLE} lists appear, they are effectively concatenated into
a single list.
\yskip\hang\.{LABEL} (one-byte value) means that the program for the
stated character value starts here. The integer must be the number of a
character in the font; its \.{CHARACTER} property list must not have a
\.{NEXTLARGER} or \.{VARCHAR} field. At least one \.{LIG} or \.{KRN} step
must follow.
\yskip\hang\.{LABEL} \.{BOUNDARYCHAR} means that the program for
beginning-of-word ligatures starts here.
\yskip\hang\.{LIG} (two one-byte values). The instruction `\.{(LIG} $c$ $r$\.)'
means, ``If the next character is $c$, then insert character~$r$ and
possibly delete the current character and/or~$c$;
otherwise go on to the next instruction.''
Characters $r$ and $c$ must be present in the font. \.{LIG} may be immediately
preceded or followed by a slash, and then immediately followed by \.>
characters not exceeding the number of slashes. Thus there are eight
possible forms:
$$\hbox to .8\hsize{\.{LIG}\hfil\.{/LIG}\hfil\.{/LIG>}\hfil
\.{LIG/}\hfil\.{LIG/>}\hfil\.{/LIG/}\hfil\.{/LIG/>}\hfil\.{/LIG/>>}}$$
The slashes specify retention of the left or right original character; the
\.> signs specify passing over the result without further ligature processing.
\yskip\hang\.{KRN} (a one-byte value and a real value). The instruction
`\.{(KRN} $c$ $r$\.)' means, ``If the next character is $c$, then insert
a blank space of width $r$ between the current character and $c$;
otherwise go on to the next instruction.'' The value of $r$, which is in
design units, is often negative. Character code $c$ must exist
in the font.
\yskip\hang\.{STOP} (no value). This instruction ends a ligature/kern program.
It must follow either a \.{LIG} or \.{KRN} instruction, not a \.{LABEL}
or \.{STOP} or \.{SKIP}.
\yskip\hang\.{SKIP} (value in the range |0..127|). This instruction specifies
continuation of a ligature/kern program after the specified number of \.{LIG}
or \.{KRN} steps has been skipped over. The number of subsequent \.{LIG} and
\.{KRN} instructions must therefore exceed this specified amount.
@ In addition to all these possibilities, the property name \.{COMMENT} is
allowed in any property list. Such comments are ignored.
@ So that is what \.{PL} files hold. The next question is, ``What about
\.{TFM} files?'' A complete answer to that question appears in the
documentation of the companion program, \.{TFtoPL}, so it will not
be repeated here. Suffice it to say that a \.{TFM} file stores all of the
relevant font information in a sequence of 8-bit bytes. The number of
bytes is always a multiple of 4, so we could regard the \.{TFM} file
as a sequence of 32-bit words; but \TeX\ uses the byte interpretation,
and so does \.{PLtoTF}. Note that the bytes are considered to be unsigned
numbers.
@<Glob...@>=
@!tfm_file:packed file of 0..255;
@ On some systems you may have to do something special to write a
packed file of bytes. For example, the following code didn't work
when it was first tried at Stanford, because packed files have to be
opened with a special switch setting on the \PASCAL\ that was used.
@^system dependencies@>
@<Set init...@>=
rewrite(tfm_file);
@* Basic input routines.
For the purposes of this program, a |byte| is an unsigned eight-bit quantity,
and an |ASCII_code| is an integer between @'40 and @'177. Such ASCII codes
correspond to one-character constants like \.{"A"} in \.{WEB} language.
@<Types...@>=
@!byte=0..255; {unsigned eight-bit quantity}
@!ASCII_code=@'40..@'177; {standard ASCII code numbers}
@ One of the things \.{PLtoTF} has to do is convert characters of strings
to ASCII form, since that is the code used for the family name and the
coding scheme in a \.{TFM} file. An array |xord| is used to do the
conversion from |char|; the method below should work with little or no change
on most \PASCAL\ systems.
@^system dependencies@>
@d first_ord=0 {ordinal number of the smallest element of |char|}
@d last_ord=127 {ordinal number of the largest element of |char|}
@<Global...@>=
@!xord:array[char] of ASCII_code; {conversion table}
@ @<Local variables for init...@>=
@!k:integer; {all-purpose initialization index}
@ Characters that should not appear in \.{PL} files (except in comments)
are mapped into @'177.
@d invalid_code=@'177 {code deserving an error message}
@<Set init...@>=
for k:=first_ord to last_ord do xord[chr(k)]:=invalid_code;
xord[' ']:=" "; xord['!']:="!"; xord['"']:=""""; xord['#']:="#";
xord['$']:="$"; xord['%']:="%"; xord['&']:="&"; xord['''']:="'";
xord['(']:="("; xord[')']:=")"; xord['*']:="*"; xord['+']:="+"; xord[',']:=",";
xord['-']:="-"; xord['.']:="."; xord['/']:="/"; xord['0']:="0"; xord['1']:="1";
xord['2']:="2"; xord['3']:="3"; xord['4']:="4"; xord['5']:="5"; xord['6']:="6";
xord['7']:="7"; xord['8']:="8"; xord['9']:="9"; xord[':']:=":"; xord[';']:=";";
xord['<']:="<"; xord['=']:="="; xord['>']:=">"; xord['?']:="?";
xord['@@']:="@@"; xord['A']:="A"; xord['B']:="B"; xord['C']:="C";
xord['D']:="D"; xord['E']:="E"; xord['F']:="F"; xord['G']:="G"; xord['H']:="H";
xord['I']:="I"; xord['J']:="J"; xord['K']:="K"; xord['L']:="L"; xord['M']:="M";
xord['N']:="N"; xord['O']:="O"; xord['P']:="P"; xord['Q']:="Q"; xord['R']:="R";
xord['S']:="S"; xord['T']:="T"; xord['U']:="U"; xord['V']:="V"; xord['W']:="W";
xord['X']:="X"; xord['Y']:="Y"; xord['Z']:="Z"; xord['[']:="["; xord['\']:="\";
xord[']']:="]"; xord['^']:="^"; xord['_']:="_"; xord['`']:="`"; xord['a']:="a";
xord['b']:="b"; xord['c']:="c"; xord['d']:="d"; xord['e']:="e"; xord['f']:="f";
xord['g']:="g"; xord['h']:="h"; xord['i']:="i"; xord['j']:="j"; xord['k']:="k";
xord['l']:="l"; xord['m']:="m"; xord['n']:="n"; xord['o']:="o"; xord['p']:="p";
xord['q']:="q"; xord['r']:="r"; xord['s']:="s"; xord['t']:="t"; xord['u']:="u";
xord['v']:="v"; xord['w']:="w"; xord['x']:="x"; xord['y']:="y"; xord['z']:="z";
xord['{']:="{"; xord['|']:="|"; xord['}']:="}"; xord['~']:="~";
@ In order to help catch errors of badly nested parentheses, \.{PLtoTF}
assumes that the user will begin each line with a number of blank spaces equal
to some constant times the number of open parentheses at the beginning of
that line. However, the program doesn't know in advance what the constant
is, nor does it want to print an error message on every line for a user
who has followed no consistent pattern of indentation.
Therefore the following strategy is adopted: If the user has been consistent
with indentation for ten or more lines, an indentation error will be
reported. The constant of indentation is reset on every line that should
have nonzero indentation.
@<Glob...@>=
@!line:integer; {the number of the current line}
@!good_indent:integer; {the number of lines since the last bad indentation}
@!indent: integer; {the number of spaces per open parenthesis, zero if unknown}
@!level: integer; {the current number of open parentheses}
@ @<Set init...@>=
line:=0; good_indent:=0; indent:=0; level:=0;
@ The input need not really be broken into lines of any maximum length, and
we could read it character by character without any buffering. But we shall
place it into a small buffer so that offending lines can be displayed in error
messages.
@<Glob...@>=
@!left_ln,@!right_ln:boolean; {are the left and right ends of the buffer
at end-of-line marks?}
@!limit:0..buf_size; {position of the last character present in the buffer}
@!loc:0..buf_size; {position of the last character read in the buffer}
@!buffer:array[1..buf_size] of char;
@!input_has_ended:boolean; {there is no more input to read}
@ @<Set init...@>=
limit:=0; loc:=0; left_ln:=true; right_ln:=true; input_has_ended:=false;
@ Just before each \.{CHARACTER} property list is evaluated, the character
code is printed in octal notation. Up to eight such codes appear on a line;
so we have a variable to keep track of how many are currently there.
@<Glob...@>=
@!chars_on_line:0..8; {the number of characters printed on the current line}
@ @<Set init...@>=
chars_on_line:=0;
@ The following routine prints an error message and an indication of
where the error was detected. The error message should not include any
final punctuation, since this procedure supplies its own.
@d err_print(#)==begin if chars_on_line>0 then print_ln(' ');
print(#); show_error_context;
end
@p procedure show_error_context; {prints the current scanner location}
var k:0..buf_size; {an index into |buffer|}
begin print_ln(' (line ',line:1,').');
if not left_ln then print('...');
for k:=1 to loc do print(buffer[k]); {print the characters already scanned}
print_ln(' ');
if not left_ln then print(' ');
for k:=1 to loc do print(' '); {space out the second line}
for k:=loc+1 to limit do print(buffer[k]); {print the characters yet unseen}
if right_ln then print_ln(' ')@+else print_ln('...');
chars_on_line:=0;
end;
@ Here is a procedure that does the right thing when we are done
reading the present contents of the buffer. It keeps |buffer[buf_size]|
empty, in order to avoid range errors on certain \PASCAL\ compilers.
An infinite sequence of right parentheses is placed at the end of the
file, so that the program is sure to get out of whatever level of nesting
it is in.
On some systems it is desirable to modify this code so that tab marks
in the buffer are replaced by blank spaces. (Simply setting
|xord[chr(@'11)]:=" "| would not work; for example, two-line
error messages would not come out properly aligned.)
@^system dependencies@>
@p procedure fill_buffer;
begin left_ln:=right_ln; limit:=0; loc:=0;
if left_ln then
begin if line>0 then read_ln(pl_file);
incr(line);
end;
if eof(pl_file) then
begin limit:=1; buffer[1]:=')'; right_ln:=false; input_has_ended:=true;
end
else begin while (limit<buf_size-2)and(not eoln(pl_file)) do
begin incr(limit); read(pl_file,buffer[limit]);
end;
buffer[limit+1]:=' '; right_ln:=eoln(pl_file);
if right_ln then begin incr(limit); buffer[limit+1]:=' ';
end;
if left_ln then @<Set |loc| to the number of leading blanks in
the buffer, and check the indentation@>;
end;
end;
@ The interesting part about |fill_buffer| is the part that learns what
indentation conventions the user is following, if any.
@d bad_indent(#)==begin if good_indent>=10 then err_print(#);
good_indent:=0; indent:=0;
end
@<Set |loc|...@>=
begin while (loc<limit)and(buffer[loc+1]=' ') do incr(loc);
if loc<limit then
begin if level=0 then
if loc=0 then incr(good_indent)
else bad_indent('Warning: Indented line occurred at level zero')
@.Warning: Indented line...@>
else if indent=0 then
if loc mod level=0 then
begin indent:=loc div level; good_indent:=1;
end
else good_indent:=0
else if indent*level=loc then incr(good_indent)
else bad_indent('Warning: Inconsistent indentation; ',
@.Warning: Inconsistent indentation...@>
'you are at parenthesis level ',level:1);
end;
end
@* Basic scanning routines.
The global variable |cur_char| holds the ASCII code corresponding to the
character most recently read from the input buffer, or to a character that
has been substituted for the real one.
@<Global...@>=
@!cur_char:ASCII_code; {we have just read this}
@ Here is a procedure that sets |cur_char| to an ASCII code for the
next character of input, if that character is a letter or digit or slash
or \.>. Otherwise
it sets |cur_char:=" "|, and the input system will be poised to reread the
character that was rejected, whether or not it was a space.
Lower case letters are converted to upper case.
@p procedure get_keyword_char;
begin while (loc=limit)and(not right_ln) do fill_buffer;
if loc=limit then cur_char:=" " {end-of-line counts as a delimiter}
else begin cur_char:=xord[buffer[loc+1]];
if cur_char>="a" then cur_char:=cur_char-@'40;
if ((cur_char>="0")and(cur_char<="9")) then incr(loc)
else if ((cur_char>="A")and(cur_char<="Z")) then incr(loc)
else if cur_char="/" then incr(loc)
else if cur_char=">" then incr(loc)
else cur_char:=" ";
end;
end;
@ The following procedure sets |cur_char| to the next character code,
and converts lower case to upper case. If the character is a left or
right parenthesis, it will not be ``digested''; the character will
be read again and again, until the calling routine does something
like `|incr(loc)|' to get past it. Such special treatment of parentheses
insures that the structural information they contain won't be lost in
the midst of other error recovery operations.
@d backup==begin if (cur_char>")")or(cur_char<"(") then decr(loc);
end {undoes the effect of |get_next|}
@p procedure get_next; {sets |cur_char| to next, balks at parentheses}
begin while loc=limit do fill_buffer;
incr(loc); cur_char:=xord[buffer[loc]];
if cur_char>="a" then
if cur_char<="z" then cur_char:=cur_char-@'40 {uppercasify}
else begin if cur_char=invalid_code then
begin err_print('Illegal character in the file');
@.Illegal character...@>
cur_char:="?";
end;
end
else if (cur_char<=")")and(cur_char>="(") then decr(loc);
end;
@ The next procedure is used to ignore the text of a comment, or to pass over
erroneous material. As such, it has the privilege of passing parentheses.
It stops after the first right parenthesis that drops the level below
the level in force when the procedure was called.
@p procedure skip_to_end_of_item;
var l:integer; {initial value of |level|}
begin l:=level;
while level>=l do
begin while loc=limit do fill_buffer;
incr(loc);
if buffer[loc]=')' then decr(level)
else if buffer[loc]='(' then incr(level);
end;
if input_has_ended then err_print('File ended unexpectedly: No closing ")"');
@.File ended unexpectedly...@>
cur_char:=" "; {now the right parenthesis has been read and digested}
end;
@ Sometimes we merely want to skip past characters in the input until we
reach a left or a right parenthesis. For example, we do this whenever we
have finished scanning a property value and we hope that a right parenthesis
is next (except for possible blank spaces).
@d skip_to_paren==repeat get_next@;@+ until (cur_char="(")or(cur_char=")")
@d skip_error(#)==begin err_print(#); skip_to_paren;
end {this gets to the right parenthesis if something goes wrong}
@d flush_error(#)==begin err_print(#); skip_to_end_of_item;
end {this gets past the right parenthesis if something goes wrong}
@ After a property value has been scanned, we want to move just past the
right parenthesis that should come next in the input (except for possible
blank spaces).
@p procedure finish_the_property; {do this when the value has been scanned}
begin while cur_char=" " do get_next;
if cur_char<>")" then err_print('Junk after property value will be ignored');
@.Junk after property value...@>
skip_to_end_of_item;
end;
@* Scanning property names.
We have to figure out the meaning of names that appear in the \.{PL} file,
by looking them up in a dictionary of known keywords. Keyword number $n$
appears in locations |start[n]| through |start[n+1]-1| of an array called
|dictionary|.
@d max_name_index=88 {upper bound on the number of keywords}
@d max_letters=600 {upper bound on the total length of all keywords}
@<Global...@>=
@!start:array[1..max_name_index] of 0..max_letters;
@!dictionary:array[0..max_letters] of ASCII_code;
@!start_ptr:0..max_name_index; {the first available place in |start|}
@!dict_ptr:0..max_letters; {the first available place in |dictionary|}
@ @<Set init...@>=
start_ptr:=1; start[1]:=0; dict_ptr:=0;
@ When we are looking for a name, we put it into the |cur_name| array.
When we have found it, the corresponding |start| index will go into
the global variable |name_ptr|.
@d longest_name=20 {length of \.{DEFAULTRULETHICKNESS}}
@<Glob...@>=
@!cur_name:array[1..longest_name] of ASCII_code; {a name to look up}
@!name_length:0..longest_name; {its length}
@!name_ptr:0..max_name_index; {its ordinal number in the dictionary}
@ A conventional hash table with linear probing (cf.\ Algorithm 6.4L
in {\sl The Art of Computer Pro\-gram\-ming\/}) is used for the dictionary
operations. If |nhash[h]=0|, the table position is empty, otherwise |nhash[h]|
points into the |start| array.
@d hash_prime=101 {size of the hash table}
@<Glob...@>=
@!nhash:array[0..hash_prime-1] of 0..max_name_index;
@!cur_hash:0..hash_prime-1; {current position in the hash table}
@ @<Local...@>=
@!h:0..hash_prime-1; {runs through the hash table}
@ @<Set init...@>=
for h:=0 to hash_prime-1 do nhash[h]:=0;
@ Since there is no chance of the hash table overflowing, the procedure
is very simple. After |lookup| has done its work, |cur_hash| will point
to the place where the given name was found, or where it should be inserted.
@p procedure lookup; {finds |cur_name| in the dictionary}
var k:0..longest_name; {index into |cur_name|}
@!j:0..max_letters; {index into |dictionary|}
@!not_found:boolean; {clumsy thing necessary to avoid |goto| statement}
begin @<Compute the hash code, |cur_hash|, for |cur_name|@>;
not_found:=true;
while not_found do
begin if cur_hash=0 then cur_hash:=hash_prime-1@+else decr(cur_hash);
if nhash[cur_hash]=0 then not_found:=false
else begin j:=start[nhash[cur_hash]];
if start[nhash[cur_hash]+1]=j+name_length then
begin not_found:=false;
for k:=1 to name_length do
if dictionary[j+k-1]<>cur_name[k] then not_found:=true;
end;
end;
end;
name_ptr:=nhash[cur_hash];
end;
@ @<Compute the hash...@>=
cur_hash:=cur_name[1];
for k:=2 to name_length do
cur_hash:=(cur_hash+cur_hash+cur_name[k]) mod hash_prime
@ The ``meaning'' of the keyword that begins at |start[k]| in the
dictionary is kept in |equiv[k]|. The numeric |equiv| codes are given
symbolic meanings by the following definitions.
@d comment_code=0
@d check_sum_code=1
@d design_size_code=2
@d design_units_code=3
@d coding_scheme_code=4
@d family_code=5
@d face_code=6
@d seven_bit_safe_flag_code=7
@d header_code= 8
@d font_dimen_code=9
@d lig_table_code=10
@d boundary_char_code=11
@d character_code=12
@d parameter_code=20
@d char_info_code=50
@d width=1
@d height=2
@d depth=3
@d italic=4
@d char_wd_code=char_info_code+width
@d char_ht_code=char_info_code+height
@d char_dp_code=char_info_code+depth
@d char_ic_code=char_info_code+italic
@d next_larger_code=55
@d var_char_code=56
@d label_code=70
@d stop_code=71
@d skip_code=72
@d krn_code=73
@d lig_code=74
@<Glo...@>=
@!equiv:array[0..max_name_index] of byte;
@!cur_code:byte; {equivalent most recently found in |equiv|}
@ We have to get the keywords into the hash table and into the dictionary in
the first place (sigh). The procedure that does this has the desired
|equiv| code as a parameter. In order to facilitate \.{WEB} macro writing
for the initialization, the keyword being initialized is placed into the
last positions of |cur_name|, instead of the first positions.
@p procedure enter_name(v:byte); {|cur_name| goes into the dictionary}
var k:0..longest_name;
begin for k:=1 to name_length do
cur_name[k]:=cur_name[k+longest_name-name_length];
{now the name has been shifted into the correct position}
lookup; {this sets |cur_hash| to the proper insertion place}
nhash[cur_hash]:=start_ptr; equiv[start_ptr]:=v;
for k:=1 to name_length do
begin dictionary[dict_ptr]:=cur_name[k]; incr(dict_ptr);
end;
incr(start_ptr); start[start_ptr]:=dict_ptr;
end;
@ Here are the macros to load a name of up to 20 letters into the
dictionary. For example, the macro |load5| is used for five-letter keywords.
@d tail(#)==enter_name(#)
@d t20(#)==cur_name[20]:=#;tail
@d t19(#)==cur_name[19]:=#;t20
@d t18(#)==cur_name[18]:=#;t19
@d t17(#)==cur_name[17]:=#;t18
@d t16(#)==cur_name[16]:=#;t17
@d t15(#)==cur_name[15]:=#;t16
@d t14(#)==cur_name[14]:=#;t15
@d t13(#)==cur_name[13]:=#;t14
@d t12(#)==cur_name[12]:=#;t13
@d t11(#)==cur_name[11]:=#;t12
@d t10(#)==cur_name[10]:=#;t11
@d t9(#)==cur_name[9]:=#;t10
@d t8(#)==cur_name[8]:=#;t9
@d t7(#)==cur_name[7]:=#;t8
@d t6(#)==cur_name[6]:=#;t7
@d t5(#)==cur_name[5]:=#;t6
@d t4(#)==cur_name[4]:=#;t5
@d t3(#)==cur_name[3]:=#;t4
@d t2(#)==cur_name[2]:=#;t3
@d t1(#)==cur_name[1]:=#;t2
@d load3==name_length:=3;t18
@d load4==name_length:=4;t17
@d load5==name_length:=5;t16
@d load6==name_length:=6;t15
@d load7==name_length:=7;t14
@d load8==name_length:=8;t13
@d load9==name_length:=9;t12
@d load10==name_length:=10;t11
@d load11==name_length:=11;t10
@d load12==name_length:=12;t9
@d load13==name_length:=13;t8
@d load14==name_length:=14;t7
@d load15==name_length:=15;t6
@d load16==name_length:=16;t5
@d load17==name_length:=17;t4
@d load18==name_length:=18;t3
@d load19==name_length:=19;t2
@d load20==name_length:=20;t1
@ (Thank goodness for keyboard macros in the text editor used to create this
\.{WEB} file.)
@<Enter all of the names and their equivalents, except the parameter names@>=
equiv[0]:=comment_code; {this is used after unknown keywords}
load8("C")("H")("E")("C")("K")("S")("U")("M")(check_sum_code);@/
load10("D")("E")("S")("I")("G")("N")("S")("I")("Z")("E")(design_size_code);@/
load11("D")("E")("S")("I")("G")("N")
("U")("N")("I")("T")("S")(design_units_code);@/
load12("C")("O")("D")("I")("N")("G")
("S")("C")("H")("E")("M")("E")(coding_scheme_code);@/
load6("F")("A")("M")("I")("L")("Y")(family_code);@/
load4("F")("A")("C")("E")(face_code);@/
load16("S")("E")("V")("E")("N")("B")("I")("T")@/@t\hskip2em@>
("S")("A")("F")("E")("F")("L")("A")("G")(seven_bit_safe_flag_code);@/
load6("H")("E")("A")("D")("E")("R")(header_code);@/
load9("F")("O")("N")("T")("D")("I")("M")("E")("N")(font_dimen_code);@/
load8("L")("I")("G")("T")("A")("B")("L")("E")(lig_table_code);@/
load12("B")("O")("U")("N")("D")("A")("R")("Y")("C")("H")("A")("R")
(boundary_char_code);@/
load9("C")("H")("A")("R")("A")("C")("T")("E")("R")(character_code);@/
load9("P")("A")("R")("A")("M")("E")("T")("E")("R")(parameter_code);@/
load6("C")("H")("A")("R")("W")("D")(char_wd_code);@/
load6("C")("H")("A")("R")("H")("T")(char_ht_code);@/
load6("C")("H")("A")("R")("D")("P")(char_dp_code);@/
load6("C")("H")("A")("R")("I")("C")(char_ic_code);@/
load10("N")("E")("X")("T")("L")("A")("R")("G")("E")("R")(next_larger_code);@/
load7("V")("A")("R")("C")("H")("A")("R")(var_char_code);@/
load3("T")("O")("P")(var_char_code+1);@/
load3("M")("I")("D")(var_char_code+2);@/
load3("B")("O")("T")(var_char_code+3);@/
load3("R")("E")("P")(var_char_code+4);@/
load3("E")("X")("T")(var_char_code+4); {compatibility with older \.{PL} format}
load7("C")("O")("M")("M")("E")("N")("T")(comment_code);@/
load5("L")("A")("B")("E")("L")(label_code);@/
load4("S")("T")("O")("P")(stop_code);@/
load4("S")("K")("I")("P")(skip_code);@/
load3("K")("R")("N")(krn_code);@/
load3("L")("I")("G")(lig_code);@/
load4("/")("L")("I")("G")(lig_code+2);@/
load5("/")("L")("I")("G")(">")(lig_code+6);@/
load4("L")("I")("G")("/")(lig_code+1);@/
load5("L")("I")("G")("/")(">")(lig_code+5);@/
load5("/")("L")("I")("G")("/")(lig_code+3);@/
load6("/")("L")("I")("G")("/")(">")(lig_code+7);@/
load7("/")("L")("I")("G")("/")(">")(">")(lig_code+11);@/
@ @<Enter the parameter names@>=
load5("S")("L")("A")("N")("T")(parameter_code+1);@/
load5("S")("P")("A")("C")("E")(parameter_code+2);@/
load7("S")("T")("R")("E")("T")("C")("H")(parameter_code+3);@/
load6("S")("H")("R")("I")("N")("K")(parameter_code+4);@/
load7("X")("H")("E")("I")("G")("H")("T")(parameter_code+5);@/
load4("Q")("U")("A")("D")(parameter_code+6);@/
load10("E")("X")("T")("R")("A")("S")("P")("A")("C")("E")(parameter_code+7);@/
load4("N")("U")("M")("1")(parameter_code+8);@/
load4("N")("U")("M")("2")(parameter_code+9);@/
load4("N")("U")("M")("3")(parameter_code+10);@/
load6("D")("E")("N")("O")("M")("1")(parameter_code+11);@/
load6("D")("E")("N")("O")("M")("2")(parameter_code+12);@/
load4("S")("U")("P")("1")(parameter_code+13);@/
load4("S")("U")("P")("2")(parameter_code+14);@/
load4("S")("U")("P")("3")(parameter_code+15);@/
load4("S")("U")("B")("1")(parameter_code+16);@/
load4("S")("U")("B")("2")(parameter_code+17);@/
load7("S")("U")("P")("D")("R")("O")("P")(parameter_code+18);@/
load7("S")("U")("B")("D")("R")("O")("P")(parameter_code+19);@/
load6("D")("E")("L")("I")("M")("1")(parameter_code+20);@/
load6("D")("E")("L")("I")("M")("2")(parameter_code+21);@/
load10("A")("X")("I")("S")("H")("E")("I")("G")("H")("T")(parameter_code+22);@/
load20("D")("E")("F")("A")("U")("L")("T")("R")("U")("L")("E")@/@t\hskip2em@>
("T")("H")("I")("C")("K")("N")("E")("S")("S")(parameter_code+8);@/
load13("B")("I")("G")("O")("P")
("S")("P")("A")("C")("I")("N")("G")("1")(parameter_code+9);@/
load13("B")("I")("G")("O")("P")
("S")("P")("A")("C")("I")("N")("G")("2")(parameter_code+10);@/
load13("B")("I")("G")("O")("P")
("S")("P")("A")("C")("I")("N")("G")("3")(parameter_code+11);@/
load13("B")("I")("G")("O")("P")
("S")("P")("A")("C")("I")("N")("G")("4")(parameter_code+12);@/