feature(material): Upgrade to latest material. (closes #346)

[emoralesb05]

Description

Upgrade to latest @angular/material@2.0.0-beta.2. https://github.com/angular/material2/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#200-beta2-flannel-papaya-2017-02-15

What's included?

Material Changes:

• Breaking change from material where md-input has been removed as component and directive in favor of the mdInput directive selector.
• Leverage new input of md-menu [overlapTrigger]="false" in notifications demo so the menu doesnt overlap the icon
• Now we can use the (change) event from md-select.

Covalent Changes/Fixes because of material:

• internal(efficiency): No more need for refresh work around for tooltips used under OnPush angular/components@632b964
• bugfix(layout): Leverage disableClose input from sidenav to prevent ESC closing the sidenav on side mode. angular/components@52ade97
• bugfix(dynamic-forms): number type input works again.
• feature(data-table): Leverage the md-pseudo-checkbox to render the selectable rows more efficiently. angular/components@3b6cab0

Test Steps

• npm run reinstall
• ng serve
• Play around with docs

General Tests for Every PR

• ng serve --aot still works.
• npm run lint passes.
• npm test passes and code coverage is not lower.
• npm run build still works.

NOTE: Needs heavy testing on all fronts since the .mat prefix change affected how certain rules are applied.

[kyleledbetter]

lotta work here, LGTM