distractor_similarity_experiments.txt

<similarity>
<info>
1.1.2.1 Causative/Inchoative Alternation
Janet broke the cup. The cup broke.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V1.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V1.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V1.1] the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
ROLL VERBS: bounce, drift, drop, float, glide, move, roll, slide, swing
including MoTION AROUND AN Axis: coil, revolve, rotate, spin, turn, twirl, twist, whirl, wind
BREAK VERBS: break, chip, crack, crash, crush, fracture, rip, shatter, smash, snap, splinter, split, tear
BEND VERBS: bend, crease, crinkle, crumple, fold, rumple, wrinkle
OTHER ALTERNATING VERBS OF CHANGE OF STATE: abate, advance, age, air, alter, atrophy, awake, balance, blast, blur, bum, burst, capsize, change, char, chill, clog, close, collapse, collect, compress, condense, contract, corrode, crumble, decompose, decrease, deflate, defrost, degrade, diminish, dissolve, distend, divide, double, drain, ease, enlarge, expand, explode, fade, fill, flood, fray, freeze, frost, fuse, grow, halt, heal, heat, hush, ignite, improve, increase, inflate, kindle, light, loop, mature, melt, multiply, overturn, pop, quadruple, rekindle, reopen, reproduce, rupture, scorch, sear, short, short-circuit, shrink, shrivel, singe, sink, soak, splay, sprout, steep, stretch, submerge, subside, taper, thaw, tilt, tire, topple, triple, unfold, vary, warp
ZERO-RELATED TO ADJECTIVE: blunt, clear, clean, cool, crisp, dim, dirty, double, dry, dull, empty, even, firm, level, loose, mellow, muddy, narrow, open, pale, quiet, round, shut, slack, slim, slow, smooth, sober, sour, steady, tame, tense, thin, triple, warm
CHANGE OF CoLOR: blacken, brown, crimson, gray, green, purple, redden, silver, tan, whiten, yellow
-enVERBS:awaken,brighten,broaden,cheapen,coarsen,dampen, darken, deepen, fatten, flatten, freshen, gladden, harden, has ten, heighten, lengthen, lessen, lighten, loosen, moisten, neaten, quicken, quieten, ripen, roughen, sharpen, shorten, sicken, slacken, smarten, soften, steepen, stiffen, straighten, strengthen, sweeten, tauten, thicken, tighten, toughen, waken, weaken, widen, worsen
-ify VERBS: acetify, acidify, alkalify, calcify, carbonify, dehumidify, emulsify, fructify, gasify, humidify, intensify, lignify, liquefy, magnify, nitrify, ossify, petrify, purify, putrefy, silicify, solidify, stratify, vitrify
-ize VERBS: americanize, caramelize, carbonize, crystallize, de centralize, demagnetize, democratize, depressurize, destabilize, energize, equalize, fossilize, gelatinize, glutenize, harmonize, hybridize, iodize, ionize, magnetize, neutralize, oxidize, polarize, pulverize, regularize, stabilize, unionize, vaporize, volatilize, westernizee
-ate VERBS: accelerate, agglomerate, ameliorate, attenuate, coag ulate, decelerate, de-escalate, degenerate, desiccate, deteriorate, detonate, disintegrate, dissipate, evaporate, federate, granulate, incubate, levitate, macerate, operate, proliferate, propagate, ulcerate, vibrate
AMUSE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS : cheer, delight, enthuse, gladden, grieve, madden, obsess, puzzle, sadden, sicken, thrill, tire, weary, worry
* GIVE VERBS: feed, give, lease, lend, loan, pass, pay, peddle, refund, render, rent, repay, sell, serve, trade
* CONTRIBUTE VERBS: administer, contribute, disburse, distribute, donate, extend, forfeit, proffer, refer, reimburse, relinquish, remit, restore, return, sacrifice, submit, surrender, transfer
*VERBSOFFUTUREHAVING: advance,allocate,allot,assign,award, bequeath, cede, concede, extend, grant, guarantee, issue, leave, offer, owe, promise, vote, will, yield
* CuT VERBS: chip, clip, cut, hack, hew, saw, scrape, scratch, slash, snip
* CARVE VERBS: bore, bruise, carve, chip , chop, crop, crush, cube, dent, dice, drill, file, fillet, gash, gouge, grate, grind, mangle, mash, mince, mow, nick, notch, perforate, pulverize, punch , prune, shred, slice, slit, spear, squash, squish
* HIT VERBS: bang, bash, batter, beat, bump, butt, dash, drum, hammer, hit, kick, knock, lash, pound, rap, slap, smack, smash , strike, tamp, tap, thump, thwack, whack
*SWAT VERBS: bite, claw, paw, peck, punch, scratch, shoot, slug, stab, swat, swipe
* SPANK VERBS: belt, birch, bludgeon, bonk, brain, cane, clobber, club, conk, cosh, cudgel, cuff, flog, knife, paddle, paddywhack, pummel, sock, spank, strap, thrash, truncheon, wallop, whip, whisk
* ToucH VERBS: caress, graze, kiss, lick, nudge, pat, peck , pinch, prod, sting, stroke, tickle, touch
* DESTROY VERBS: annihilate, blitz, decimate, demolish, destroy, devastate, exterminate, extirpate, obliterate, ravage, raze, ruin, waste, wreck
* MURDER VERBS: assassinate, butcher, dispatch, eliminate, execute, immolate, kill, liquidate, massacre, murder, slaughter, slay
* POISON VERBS : crucify, electrocute, garrotte, hang, knife, poison, shoot, smother, stab, strangle
* APPEAR VERBS : appear, arise, awake, come, dawn, emanate, emerge, erupt, evolve, flow, gush, issue, materialize, plop, result, rise, steal, stem, stream, supervene, surge, wax
* VERBS OF DISAPPEARANCE: die, disappear, expire, lapse, perish, vanish
* VERBS OF OccuRRENCE: ensue, eventuate, happen, occur, recur, transpire
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
1.2.2 Understood Body-Part Object Alternation
I flossed my teeth. I flossed.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V2.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V2.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V2.1].
</train>
<test>
WINK VERBS: blink , clap , nod , point , shrug , squint, wag , wave , wink
* CRANE VERBS: arch, bare , bat , beat , blow , clench, click, close , cock , crane , crook , cross, drum , flap , flash , flex, flick , flutter , fold , gnash , grind , hang , hunch , kick, knit, open , pucker , purse , raise, roll , rub , shake, show , shuffle , smack , snap , stamp , stretch , toss , turn, twiddle , twitch, wag, waggle , wiggle, wring , wrinkle
FLOSS VERBS: brush , floss, shave, wash
* BRAID VERBS: bob , braid , brush , clip , coldcream , comb , condition , crimp , crop , curl , cut , dye , file , henna , lather, manicure , part , perm , plait , pluck , powder, rinse, rouge, set , shampoo , soap, talc , tease , towel, trim, wave
* HURT VERBS: bark , bite , bump, bum, break, bruise, chip , cut, fracture, hurt, injure, nick, prick , pull , rupture, scald, scratch , skin , split , sprain, strain, stub , turn , twist
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
1.2.3 Understood Reflexive Object Alternation
Jill dressed herself hurriedly. Jill dressed hurriedly.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V3.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V3.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V3.1].
</train>
<test>
DREss VERBS: bathe, charge, disrobe, dress, exercise, preen, primp, shave, shower, strip, undress, wash
* GROOM VERBS: curry, groom
* Fwss VERBS: brush , floss , shave, wash
* BRAID VERBS: bob , braid , brush , clip , coldcream , comb , condition , crimp , crop , curl , cut , dye , file , henna , lather, manicure , part , perm , plait , pluck , powder, rinse, rouge, set , shampoo , soap, talc , tease , towel, trim, wave
* HuRT VERBS: bark , bite , bump, bum, break, bruise, chip , cut, fracture, hurt, injure, nick, prick , pull , rupture, scald, scratch , skin , split , sprain, strain, stub , turn , twist
LOAD VERBS : jam, cram, load, pack
PusH/PULL VERBS : jerk, pull, yank
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
1.2.4 Understood Reciprocal Object Alternation
Anne met Cathy. Anne and Cathy met.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V4.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V4.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V4.1] the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
MARRY VERBS: court, cuddle, date, divorce, embrace, hug, kiss, marry, nuzzle, pass, pet
MEET VERBS: battle, box, consult, debate, fight, meet, play, visit
*CORRESPOND VERBS: agree, argue, banter, bargain, bicker,  clash, coexist, collaborate, collide,  commiserate, communicate, compete, concur, confabulate, conflict, consort, cooperate, correspond, dicker, differ, disagree, dispute, dissent, duel, elope, feud, flirt, haggle, hobnob, jest, joke, joust, mate, mingle, mix, neck, negotiate, pair, plot, quarrel, quibble, rendezvous, scuffle, skirmish, spar, spat, spoon, squabble, struggle, tilt, tussle, vie, war, wrangle, wrestle
VERBS OF CONTIGUOUS LOCATION : cross, hit, intersect, ineet, miss, touch
* TALK VERBS: speak, talk
* CHITCHAT VERBS: argue, chat, chatter, chitchat, confer, converse, gab, gossip, rap, schmooze, yak
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
1.3 Conative Alternation
Paula hit the fence. Paula hit at the fence.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V5.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V5.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V5.1] the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
HIT VERBS: bang, bash, batter, beat, bump, butt, dash, drum, hammer, hit, kick, knock, lash, pound, rap, slap, smack, smash , strike, tamp, tap, thump, thwack, whack
SWAT VERBS : bite, claw, paw, peck, punch , scratch, shoot , slug, stab, swat, swipe
* SPANK VERBS: belt, birch, bludgeon, bonk, brain, cane, clobber, club, conk, cosh, cudgel, cuff, flog, knife, paddle, paddywhack, pummel, sock, spank, strap, thrash, truncheon, wallop, whip, whisk
PoKE VERBS : dig, jab, poke, stick
CuT VERBS: chip, clip, cut, hack, hew, saw, scrape, scratch, slash, snip
* CARVE VERBS: bore, bruise, carve, chip , chop, crop, crush, cube, dent, dice, drill, file, fillet, gash, gouge, grate, grind, mangle, mash, mince, mow, nick, notch, perforate, pulverize, punch , prune, shred, sliCe, slit, spear, squash, squish
SPRAY/LOAD VERBS : dab, rub, splash, spray, squirt, swab
*BREAK VERBS: break, chip, crack, crash, crush, fracture, rip, shatter, smash, snap, splinter, split, tear
*BENDVERBS:bend,crease,crinkle,crumple,fold,rumple,wrinkle
PusH/PULL VERBS:  heave,jerk, press, pull, push, shove,  tug, yank
* DESTROY VERBS: annihilate, blitz, decimate, demolish, destroy, dev astate, exterminate, extirpate, obliterate, ravage, raze, ruin, waste, wreck
EAT VERBS: drink, eat
CHEW VERBS: chew, chomp, crunch, gnaw, lick, munch, nibble, pick, peck, sip, slurp, suck
* GOBBLE VERBS: bolt, gobble, gulp, guzzle, quaff, swallow, swig, wolf
* DEVOUR VERBS: consume, devour, imbibe, ingest, swill
* ToucH VERBS: caress, graze, kiss, lick, nudge, pat, peck , pinch, prod, sting, stroke, tickle, touch
* SEND VERBS: airmail, convey, deliver, dispatch, express, FedEx, forward, hand, mail, pass, port, post, return, send, shift, ship, shunt, slip, smuggle, sneak, transfer, transport, UPS
* SLIDE VERBS: bounce, float, move, roll, slide
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
1.4.2 With Preposition Drop Alternation
Jill met with Sarah. Jill met Sarah.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V6.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V6.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V6.1] with the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
MEET VERBS: battle, box, consult, debate, fight, meet, play, visit
* MARRY VERBS: court, cuddle, date, divorce, embrace, hug, kiss, marry, nuzzle, pass, pet
* CORRESPOND VERBS: agree, argue, banter, bargain, bicker, brawl, clash, coexist, collaborate, collide, combat, commiserate, communicate, compete, concur, confabulate, conflict, consort, cooperate, correspond, dicker, differ, disagree, dispute, dissent, duel, elope, feud, flirt, haggle, hobnob, jest,joke,joust, mate, mingle, mix, neck, negotiate, pair, plot, quarrel, quibble, rendezvous, scuffle, skirmish, spar, spat, spoon, squabble, struggle, tilt, tussle, vie, war, wrangle, wrestle
*TALKVERBS:speak,talk
* CHITCHAT VERBS: argue, chat, chatter, chitchat, confer, converse, gab, gossip, rap, schmooze, yak
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.1 Dative Alternation
Bill sold a car to Tom. Bill sold Tom a car.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V7.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V7.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V7.1] a [MASK] to the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
GIVE VERBS: feed, give, lease, lend, loan, pass, pay, peddle, refund, render, rent, repay, sell, serve, trade
VERBS OF FUTURE HAVING: advance, allocate, allot, assign, award, bequeath, cede, concede, extend, grant, guarantee, issue, leave, offer, owe, promise, vote, will, yield
BRING AND TAKE: bring, take
SEND VERBS: forward, hand, mail, post, send, ship, slip, smuggle, sneak
SLIDE VERBS: bounce, float, roll, slide
CARRY VERBS: carry, drag, haul, heave, heft, hoist, kick, lug, pull, push, schlep, shove, tote, tow, tug
DRIVE VERBS: barge, bus, cart, drive, ferry, fly, row, shuttle, truck, wheel, wire
VERBS OF THROWING: bash, bat, bunt, catapult, chuck, flick, fling, flip, hit, hurl, kick, lob, pass, pitch, punt, shoot, shove, slam, slap, sling, throw, tip, toss
VERBS OF TRANSFER OF A MESSAGE: ask, cite,  preach, quote, read, relay, show, teach, tell, write
VERBS OF INSTRUMENT OF COMMUNICATION: cable, e-mail, fax, modem, netmail, phone, radio, relay, satellite, semaphore, sign, signal, telephone, telecast, telegraph, telex, wire, wireless
* Primarily Latinate verbs belonging to some of the semantically plausible classes listed above: address, administer, broadcast, convey, contribute, delegate, deliver, denounce, demonstrate, describe, dictate, dispatch, display, distribute, donate, elucidate, exhibit, express, explain, explicate, forfeit, illustrate, introduce, narrate, portray, proffer, recite, recommend, refer, reimburse, remit, restore, return, sacrifice, submit, surrender, transfer, transport
* SAY VERBS: admit, allege, announce, articulate, assert, communicate, confess, convey, declare, mention, propose, recount, repeat, report, reveal, say, state
*VERBSOFMANNEROFSPEAKING:babble,bark, bawl,bellow,bleat, boom, bray, burble, cackle, call, carol, chant, chatter, chirp, cluck, coo, croak, croon, crow, cry, drawl, drone, gabble, gibber, groan, growl, grumble, grunt, hiss, holler, hoot, howl, jabber, lilt, lisp, moan, mumble, murmur, mutter, purr, rage, rasp, roar, rumble, scream, screech, shout, shriek, sing, snap, snarl, snuffle, splut ter, squall, squawk, squeak, squeal, stammer, stutter, thunder, tisk, trill, trumpet, twitter, wail, warble, wheeze, whimper, whine, whisper, whistle, whoop, yammer, yap, yell, yelp, yodel
* VERBS OF PUTTING WITH A SPECIFIED DIRECTION: drop, hoist, lift, lower, raise
* VERBS OF FULFILLING: credit, entrust, furnish, issue, leave, present, provide, serve, supply, trust
*Non-Alternating Double Object Only: accord, ask, bear, begrudge, bode, cost, deny, envy, flash , forbid, forgive, guarantee, issue, refuse, save, spare, strike , vouchsafe, wish, write
* BILL VERBS: bet, bill, charge, fine, mulct, overcharge, save, spare, tax, tip, undercharge, wager
* APPOINT VERBS: acknowledge, adopt, appoint, consider, crown, deem, designate, elect, esteem, imagine, mark, nominate, ordain, proclaim, rate, reckon, report, want
* DuB VERBS: anoint, baptize, brand, call, christen, consecrate, crown, decree, dub, label, make, name, nickname, pronounce, rule, stamp, style, term, vote
*DECLAREVERBS:adjudge,adjudicate,assume,avow,believe,con fess, declare, fancy, find, judge, presume, profess, prove, suppose, think, warrant
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.2 Benefactive Alternation
Martha carved a toy for the baby. Martha carved the baby a toy.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V8.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V8.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V8.1] a [MASK] for the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
BUILD VERBs: arrange, assemble, bake, blow, build, carve, cast, chisel, churn, compile, cook, crochet, cut, develop, embroider, fashion, fold, forge , grind, grow, hack, hammer, hatch, knit, make, mold, pound, roll, sculpt, sew, shape, spin , stitch, weave, whittle
CREATE VERBS: design, dig, mint
PREPARE VERBS: bake , blend , boil, brew , clean, clear , cook , fix , fry , grill, hardboil , iron, light , mix , poach , pour , prepare , roast , roll, run , scramble , set , softboil , toast, toss , wash
VERBS OF PERFORMANCE : dance, draw , hum , paint , play, recite , sing , spin , whistle , write
GET VERBS: book, buy, call, cash, catch, charter,  earn, fetch, find, gain, gather, get, hire, keep, lease, leave, order, phone , pick, pluck , procure, pull , reach, rent, reserve, save, secure, shoot , slaughter , steal, vote, win
* OBTAIN VERBS: accept, accumulate, acquire, appropriate, borrow,  collect, exact, grab, inherit, obtain, purchase, receive, recover, regain, retrieve, seize, select, snatch
* VERBS OP SELECTION:  designate, favor, indicate, prefer, pick , select
* CREATE VERBS : coin, compose, compute, construct, create, derive, fabricate, form, invent, manufacture, mint, organize, produce, recreate, style
* STEAL VERBS: abduct, cadge, capture, confiscate, cop, emancipate, embezzle, exorcise, extort, extract, filch, flog, grab, impound, kidnap, liberate, lift, nab, pilfer, pinch, pirate, phigiarize, purloin, recover, redeem, reclaim, regain, repossess, rescue, retrieve, rustle, seize, smuggle, snatch, sneak, sponge, steal, swipe, take, thieve, wangle, weasel, winkle, withdraw, wrest
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.3.1 Spray/Load Alternation
Jack sprayed paint on the wall. Jack sprayed the wall with paint.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V9.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V9.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V9.1] the [MASK] onto the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
SPRAY/LOAD VERBS: brush, cram, crowd, cultivate, dab, daub, drape, drizzle, dust, hang, heap, inject, jam, load, mound, pack, pile, plant, plaster,  pump, rub, scatter, seed, settle, sew, shower, slather, smear, smudge, sow, spatter, splash, splatter, spray, spread, sprinkle, spritz, squirt, stack, stick, stock, strew, string, stuff, swab, wrap
* FILL VERBS: adorn, anoint, bandage, bathe, bestrew, bind, blanket, block, blot, bombard, carpet, choke, cloak, clog, clutter, coat, con taminate, cover, dam, dapple, deck, decorate, deluge, dirty, douse, dot, drench, edge, embellish, emblazon, encircle, encrust, endow, enrich, entangle, face, festoon, fill, fleck, flood, frame, garland, garnish, imbue, impregnate, infect, inlay, interlace, interlard, interleave, in tersperse, interweave, inundate, lard, lash, line, litter, mask, mottle, ornament, pad, pave, plate, plug, pollute, replenish, repopulate, riddle, ring, ripple,robe, saturate, season, shroud, smother, soak, soil, speckle, splotch, spot, staff, stain, stipple, stop up, stud, suffuse, surround, swaddle, swathe, taint, tile, trim, veil, vein, wreathe
* Pur VERBS: arrange, immerse, install, lodge, mount, place, position, put, set, situate, sling, stash, stow
* VERBS OF PUTTING IN A SPATIAL CONFIGURATION : dangle, lay, lean, perch, rest, sit, stand, suspend
* FUNNEL VERBS: bang, channel, dip, dump, funnel, hammer, ladle, pound, push, rake, ram, scoop, scrape, shake, shovel, siphon, spoon, squeeze, squish, squash, sweep, tuck, wad, wedge, wipe, wring
* VERBS OF PUTTING WITH A SPECIFIED DIRECTION: drop, hoist, lift, lower, raise
* POUR VERBS: dribble, drip, pour, slop, slosh, spew, spill, spurt
* COIL VERBS: coil, curl, loop, roll, spin, twirl, twist, whirl, wind
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.3.2 Clear Alternation (transitive)
Henry cleared dishes from the table. Henry cleared the table of dishes.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V10.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V10.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V10.1] the [MASK] from the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
CLEAR VERBS: clear, clean, drain, empty
* CHEAT VERBS: absolve, acquit, balk, bereave, bilk, bleed, break , burgle, cheat, cleanse, con, cull, cure, defraud, denude, deplete, depopulate, deprive, despoil, disabuse, disarm, disencumber, dispossess, divest, drain, ease, exonerate, fleece, free, gull, milk, mulct, pardon, plunder, purge, purify, ransack, relieve, render, rid, rifle, rob, sap, strip, swindle, unburden, void, wean
* REMOVE VERBS: abstract, cull, delete, discharge, disgorge, dislodge, dismiss, disengage, draw, eject, eliminate, eradicate, evict, excise, excommunicate, expel, extirpate, extract, extrude, lop, omit, ostracize, oust, partition, pry, reap, remove, separate, sever, shoo, subtract, uproot, winkle, withdraw, wrench
* BANISH VERBS: banish, deport, evacuate, expel, extradite, recall, remove
* STEAL VERBS: abduct, cadge, capture, confiscate, cop, eman cipate, embezzle, exorcise, extort, extract, filch, flog, grab, impound, kidnap, liberate, lift, nab, pilfer, pinch, pirate, plagia rize, purloin, recover, redeem, reclaim, regain, repossess, rescue, retrieve, rustle, seize, smuggle, snatch, sneak, sponge, steal, swipe, take, thieve, wangle, weasel, winkle, withdraw, wrest
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.3.4 Swarm Alternation
Bees are swarming in the garden. The garden is swarming with bees.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V11.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V11.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V11.1] in the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
VERBS OF LIGHT EMISSION: beam, blink, bum, blaze, flame, flare, flash, flicker, glare, gleam, glimmer, glint, glisten, glitter, glow, incandesce, scintillate, shimmer, shine, sparkle, twinkle
VERBS OF SOUND EMISSION: babble, bang, beat, beep, bellow, blare, blast, blat, boom, bubble, burble, burr, buzz, chatter, chime, chink, chir, chitter, chug, clack, clang, clank, clap, clash, clatter, click, cling, clink, clomp, clump, clunk, crack, crackle, crash, creak, crepitate, crunch, cry, ding, dong, explode, fizz, fizzle, groan, growl, gurgle, hiss, hoot, howl, hum, jangle, jingle, knell, knock, lilt, moan, murmur, patter, peal, ping, pink, pipe, plink, plonk, plop, plunk, pop, purr, putter, rap, rasp, rattle, ring, roar, roll, rumble, rustle, scream, screech, shriek, shrill, sing, sizzle, snap, splash, splutter, sputter, squawk, squeak, squeal, squelch, strike, swish, swoosh, thrum, thud, thump, thunder, thunk, tick, ting, tinkle, toll, toot, tootle, trill, trumpet, twang, ululate, vroom, wail, wheeze, whine, whir, whish, whistle, whoosh, whump, zing
VERBS OF SUBSTANCE EMISSION: drip, foam, gush, ooze, radiate, spout, sprout, squirt, stream, sweat
VERBS OF SOUND EXISTENCE:  echo, resonate, resound, reverberate, sound
VERBS OF ENTITY-SPECIFIC MODES OF BEING: bloom, blossom, bristle, foam, sprout
VERBS OF MODES OF BEING INVOLVING MOTION: dance, flutter, pulsate, quiver, shake, stir, sway, tremble, writhe
SWARM VERBS: abound, bustle, crawl, creep, hop, run, swarm, swim, teem, throng
* BULGE VERBS: bristle, bulge, seethe
* HERD VERBS: accumulate, aggregate, amass, assemble, cluster, collect, congregate, convene, flock, gather, group, herd, huddle, mass
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.4.1 Material/Product Alternation (transitive)
Martha carved a toy out of the piece of wood. Martha carved the piece of wood into a toy.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V12.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V12.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V12.1] a [MASK] out of the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
BUILD VERBS: arrange, assemble, bake, blow, build, carve, cast, chisel, chum, compile, cook, crochet, cut, develop, embroider, fashion, fold, forge , grind, grow, hack, hammer, hatch, knit, make, mold, pound, roll, sculpt, sew, shape, spin , stitch, weave, whittle
* CREATE VERBS: coin, compose, compute, concoct, construct, create, derive, design, dig, fabricate, form, invent, manufacture, mint, model, organize, produce, recreate, style, synthesize
* KNEAD VERBS: beat, bend, coil, collect, compress, fold, freeze, knead, melt, shake, squash, squish, squeeze, twirl, twist, wad, whip, wind, work
* TURN VERBS: alter, change, convert, metamorphose, transform, transmute, turn
* DESTROY VERBS: annihilate, blitz, decimate, demolish, destroy, devastate, exterminate, extirpate, obliterate, ravage, raze, ruin, waste, wreck
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.4.2 Material/Product Alternation (intransitive)
That acorn will grow into an oak tree. An oak tree will grow from that acorn.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V13.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V13.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
That [MASK] will [V13.1] into an [MASK].
</train>
<test>
GROW VERBS: develop, evolve, grow, hatch, mature
* TURN VERBS: alter, change, convert, metamorphose, transform, transmute, turn
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.4.3 Total Transformation Alternation (transitive)
The witch turned him into a frog. The witch turned him from a prince into a frog.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V14.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V14.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V14.1] the [MASK] into a [MASK].
</train>
<test>
TURN VERBS: alter, change, convert, metamorphose, transform, transmute, turn
* BUILD VERBS: arrange, assemble, bake, blow, build, carve, cast, chisel, churn, compile, cook, crochet, cut, develop, embroider, fashion, fold, forge, grind, grow, hack, hammer, hatch, knit, make, mold, pound, roll, sculpt, sew, shape, spin, stitch, weave, whittle
* KNEAD VERBS: beat, bend, coil, collect, compress, fold, freeze, knead, melt, shake, squash, squish, squeeze, twirl, twist, wad, whip, wind, work
* DESTROY VERBS: annihilate, blitz, decimate, demolish, destroy, devastate, exterminate, extirpate, obliterate, ravage, raze, ruin, waste, wreck
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.4.4 Total Transformation Alternation (intransitive)
He turned into a frog. He turned from a prince into a frog.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V15.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V15.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V15.1] into a [MASK].
</train>
<test>
TuRN VERBS (some): alter, change, metamorphose, turn
* GRow VERBS: develop, evolve, grow, hatch, mature
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.5.3 Apart Reciprocal Alternation (transitive)
I broke the twig off(of) the branch. I broke the twig and the branch apart.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V16.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V16.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V16.1] the [MASK] off of the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
SPLIT VERBS: blow, break, cut, draw, hack, hew, kick, knock, pry, pull, push, rip, roll, saw, shove, slip, split, tear, tug, yank
* SEPARATE VERBS: decouple, differentiate, disconnect, disentangle, dissociate, distinguish, divide, divorce, part, segregate, separate, sever
* DISASSEMBLE VERBS: detach, disassemble, disconnect, partition, sift, sunder, unbolt, unbuckle, unbutton, unchain, unclamp, un clasp, unclip, unfasten, unglue, unhinge, unhitch, unhook, unlace, unlatch, unlock, unleash, unpeg, unpin, unscrew, unshackle, unstaple, unstitch, untie, unzip
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.5.6 Apart Reciprocal Alternation (intransitive)
The twig broke off (of) the branch. The twig and the branch broke apart.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V17.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V17.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V17.1] off of the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
SPLIT VERBS: blow, break, draw, kick, knock, pry, pull, push, rip, roll, shove, slip, split, tear, tug, yank
* SEPARATE VERBS: decouple, differentiate, disconnect, disentangle, dissociate, distinguish, divide, divorce, part, segregate, separate, sever
* DIFFER VERBS: differ, diverge
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.6 Fulfilling Alternation
The judge presented a prize to the winner. The judge presented the winner with a prize.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V18.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V18.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V18.1] a [MASK] to the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
VERBS oF FULFILLING: credit, entrust, furnish, issue, leave, present, provide, serve, supply, trust
* VERBS OF FUTURE HAVING: advance, allocate, allot, assign, award, bequeath, cede, concede, extend, grant, guarantee, issue, leave, offer, owe, promise, vote, will, yield
* EQUIP VERBS: arm, burden, charge, compensate, equip, invest, ply, regale, reward, saddle
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.7 Image Impression Alternation
The jeweller inscribed the name on the ring. The jeweller inscribed the ring with the name.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V19.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V19.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V19.1] the [MASK] on the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
VERBS OF IMAGE IMPRESSION: applique, emboss, embroider, engrave, etch, imprint, incise, inscribe, mark, paint, set, sign, stamp, tattoo
* SCRIBBLE VERBs: carve, chalk, charcoal, copy, crayon, doodle, draw, forge, ink, paint, pencil, plot, print, scratch, scrawl, scribble, sketch, spraypaint, stencil, trace, type, write
*TRANSCRIBE VERBS: copy, film, forge, microfilm, photocopy, photograph, record, tape, televise, transcribe, type
* ILLUSTRATE VERBS: address, adorn, autograph, brand, date, decorate, embellish, endorse, illuminate, illustrate, initial, label, letter, monogram, ornament, tag
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.8 With/Against Alternation
Brian hit the stick against the fence. Brian hit the fence with the stick.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V20.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V20.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V20.1] the [MASK] against the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
HIT VERBS: bang, bash, batter, beat, bump, butt, dash, drum, hammer, hit, kick, knock, lash, pound, rap, slap, smack, smash, strike, tamp, tap, thump, thwack, whack
*SWATVERBS:bite,claw,paw,peck,punch,scratch,shoot, slug, stab, swat, swipe
* SPANK VERBS: belt, birch, bludgeon, bonk, brain, cane, clobber, club, conk, cosh, cudgel, cuff, flog, knife, paddle, paddywhack, pummel, sock, spank, strap, thrash, truncheon, wallop, whip, whisk
* PoKE VERBS: dig, jab, pierce, poke, prick, stick
* THROW VERBS (some): bat, bunt, chuck, fling, flip, hurl, lob, pitch, punt, shoot, shove, slap, sling, throw, tip, toss
* BREAK VERBS: break, crack, crash, crush, fracture, rip, shatter, smash, snap, splinter, split, tear
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.9 Through/With Alternation
Alison pierced the needle through the cloth. Alison pierced the cloth with a needle.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V21.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V21.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V21.1] the [MASK] through the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
PoKE VERBS: dig, jab, pierce, poke, prick, stick
*HITVERBS:bang,bash,batter,beat,bump,butt,dash,drum,hammer, hit, kick, knock, lash, pound, rap, slap, smack, smash, strike, tamp, tap, thump, thwack, whack
* SWAT VERBS : bite, claw, paw, peck, punch, scratch, shoot, slug, stab, swat, swipe
* SPANK VERBS: belt, birch, bludgeon, bonk, brain, cane, clobber, club, conk, cosh, cudgel, cuff, flog, knife, paddle, paddywhack, pummel, sock, spank, strap, thrash, truncheon, wallop, whip, whisk
* TOUCH VERBS: caress, graze, kiss, lick, nudge, pat, peck, pinch, prod, sting, stroke, tickle, touch
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.10 Blame Alternation
Mira blamed the accident on Terry. Mira blamed Terry for the accident.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V22.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V22.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V22.1] the [MASK] on the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
Alternating Verbs: blame
*WANT VERBS: want, covet, crave, desire, fancy, need
*POSITIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: admire, adore, appreciate, cherish, enjoy, esteem, exalt, fancy, favor, idolize, like, love, miss, prize, respect, relish, revere, savor, stand, support, tolerate, treasure, trust, value, venerate, worship
*NEGATIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: abhor, deplore, despise, detest, disdain, dislike, distrust, dread, envy, execrate, fear, hate, lament, loathe, mourn, pity, regret, resent
*NEGATIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: abuse, backbite, calumniate, castigate, censure, chasten, chastise, chide, condemn, criticize, decry, defame, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, deride, disparage, fault, fine, impeach, insult, lambaste, malign, mock, penalize, persecute, prosecute, punish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, revile, ridicule, scold, scorn, shame, snub, upbraid, victimize, vilify
*POSITIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: acclaim, applaud, bless, celebrate, commend, compensate, compliment, congratulate, eulogize, excuse, extol, felicitate, forgive, greet, hail, honor, laud, pardon, praise, recompense, remunerate, repay, reward, salute, thank, toast, welcome
*VERBS OF AssESSMENT: analyze, assess, audit, evaluate, review, scrutinize, study
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.13.1 Possessor Object
They praised the volunteers' dedication. They praised the volunteers for their dedication.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V23.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V23.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V23.1] their [MASK].
</train>
<test>
POSITIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: admire, adore, appreciate, cherish, enjoy, esteem, exalt, fancy, favor, idolize, like, love, miss, prize, respect, relish, revere, savor, stand, support, tolerate, treasure, trust, value, venerate, worship
NEGATIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: abhor, deplore, despise, detest, disdain, dislike, distrust, dread, envy, execrate, fear, hate, lament, loathe, mourn, pity, regret, resent
NEGATIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: abuse, backbite, calumniate, castigate, censure, chasten, chastise, chide, condemn, criticize, decry, defame, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, deride, disparage, fault, fine, impeach, insult, lambaste, malign, mock, penalize, persecute, prosecute, punish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, revile, ridicule, scold, scorn, shame, snub, upbraid, victimize, vilify
POSITIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: acclaim, applaud, bless, celebrate, commend, compensate, compliment, congratulate, eulogize, excuse, extol, felicitate, forgive, greet, hail, honor, laud, pardon, praise, recompense, remunerate, repay, reward, salute, thank, toast, welcome
WANT VERBS: covet, crave, desire, fancy, need, want
VERBS OF AssESSMENT: analyze, assess, audit, evaluate, review, scrutinize, study
* SEE VERBS: detect, discern, feel, hear, notice, see, sense, smell, taste
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.13.2 Attribute Object
I admired his honesty. I admired the honesty in him.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V24.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V24.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V24.1] their [MASK].
</train>
<test>
POSITIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PsYCH-VERBS: admire, adore, appreciate, cherish, enjoy, esteem, exalt, fancy, favor, idolize, like, love, miss, prize, respect, relish, revere, savor, stand, support, tolerate, treasure, trust, value, venerate, worship
NEGATIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: abhor, deplore, despise, detest, disdain, dislike, distrust, dread, envy, execrate, fear, hate, lament, loathe, mourn, pity, regret, resent
SEE VERBS: detect, discern, feel, hear, notice, see, sense, smell, taste
* NEGATIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: abuse, backbite, calumniate, castigate, censure, chasten, chastise, chide, condemn, criticize, decry, defame, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, deride, disparage, fault, fine, impeach, insult, lambaste, malign, mock, penalize, persecute, prosecute, punish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, revile, ridicule, scold, scorn, shame, snub, upbraid, victimize, vilify
* PosiTIVE JuDGMENT VERBS: acclaim, applaud, bless, celebrate, commend, compensate, compliment, congratulate, eulogize, excuse, extol, felicitate, forgive, greet, hail, honor, laud, pardon, praise, recompense, remunerate, repay, reward, salute, thank, toast, welcome
* WANT VERBS: covet, crave, desire, fancy, need, want
* VERBS OF AssESSMENT: analyze, assess, audit, evaluate, review, scrutinize, study
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.13.3 Possessor and Attribute Alternation
I admired him for his honesty. I admired the honesty in him.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V25.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V25.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V25.1] them for their [MASK].
</train>
<test>
POSITIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: admire, adore, appreciate, cherish, enjoy, esteem, exalt, fancy, favor, idolize, like, love, miss, prize, respect, relish, revere, savor, stand, support, tolerate, treasure, trust, value, venerate, worship
NEGATIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: abhor, deplore, despise, detest, disdain, dislike, distrust, dread, envy, execrate, fear, hate, lament, loathe, mourn, pity, regret, resent
* SEE VERBS: detect, discern, feel, hear, notice, see, sense, smell, taste
* NEGATIVE JuDGMENT VERBS: abuse, backbite, calumniate, castigate, censure, chasten, chastise, chide, condemn, criticize, decry, defame, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, deride, disparage, fault, fine, impeach, insult, lambaste, malign, mock, penalize, persecute, prosecute, punish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, revile, ridicule, scold, scorn, shame, snub, upbraid, victimize, vilify
* POSITIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: acclaim, applaud, bless, celebrate, commend, compensate, compliment, congratulate, eulogize, excuse, extol, felicitate, forgive, greet, hail, honor, laud, pardon, praise, recompense, remunerate, repay, reward, salute, thank, toast, welcome
* WANT VERBS: covet, crave, desire, fancy, need, want
* VERBS OF AssESSMENT: analyze, assess, audit, evaluate, review, scrutinize, study
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.14 As Alternation
The president appointed Smith press secretary. The president appointed Smith as press secretary.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V26.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V26.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V26.1] the [MASK] the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
APPOINT VERBS: acknowledge, adopt, appoint, consider, crown, deem, designate, elect, esteem, imagine, mark, nominate, ordain, proclaim, rate, reckon, report, want
* CHARACTERIZE VERBS: accept, address, appreciate, bill, cast, certify, characterize, choose, cite, class, classify, confirm, count, define, describe, diagnose, disguise, employ, engage, enlist, enroll, enter, envisage, establish, esteem, hail, herald, hire, honor, identify, imagine, incorporate, induct, intend, lampoon, offer, oppose, paint, portray, praise, qualify, rank, recollect, recommend, regard, reinstate, reject, remember, represent, repudiate, reveal, salute, see, select, stigmatize, take, train, treat, use, value, view, visualize
* DuB VERBS: anoint, baptize, brand, call, christen, consecrate, crown, decree, dub, label, make, name, nickname, pronounce, rule, stamp, style, term, vote
* DECLARE VERBS: adjudge, adjudicate, assume, avow, believe, confess, declare, fancy, find, judge, presume, profess, prove, suppose, think, warrant
* BILL VERBS: bet, bill, charge, fine, mulct, overcharge, save, spare, tax, tip, undercharge, wager
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
3.8 Raw Material Subject Alternation
She baked wonderful bread from that whole wheat flour. That whole wheat flour bakes wonderful bread.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V27.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V27.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V27.1] the [MASK] from that [MASK].
</train>
<test>
BUILD VERBS (some): bake, blow, carve, cast, churn, cook, crochet, grind, grow, knit, make, sew, spin, weave, whittle
* CREATE VERBS: coin, compose, compute, concoct, construct, create, derive, design, dig, fabricate, form, invent, manufacture, mint, model, organize, produce, recreate, style, synthesize
* KNEAD VERBS: beat, bend, coil, collect, compress, fold, freeze, knead, melt, shake, squash, squish, squeeze, twirl, twist, wad, whip, wind, work
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
3.10 Source Subject Alternation
The middle class will benefit from the new tax laws. The new tax laws will benefit the middle class.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V28.1]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V28.1]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V28.1] from the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
Alternating Verbs: benefit, profit
* Non-Alternating Verbs: gain, prosper
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
1.1.2.1 Causative/Inchoative Alternation
Janet broke the cup. The cup broke.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V1.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V1.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V1.2].
</train>
<test>
ROLL VERBS: bounce, drift, drop, float, glide, move, roll, slide, swing
including MoTION AROUND AN Axis: coil, revolve, rotate, spin, turn, twirl, twist, whirl, wind
BREAK VERBS: break, chip, crack, crash, crush, fracture, rip, shatter, smash, snap, splinter, split, tear
BEND VERBS: bend, crease, crinkle, crumple, fold, rumple, wrinkle
OTHER ALTERNATING VERBS OF CHANGE OF STATE: abate, advance, age, air, alter, atrophy, awake, balance, blast, blur, bum, burst, capsize, change, char, chill, clog, close, collapse, collect, compress, condense, contract, corrode, crumble, decompose, decrease, deflate, defrost, degrade, diminish, dissolve, distend, divide, double, drain, ease, enlarge, expand, explode, fade, fill, flood, fray, freeze, frost, fuse, grow, halt, heal, heat, hush, ignite, improve, increase, inflate, kindle, light, loop, mature, melt, multiply, overturn, pop, quadruple, rekindle, reopen, reproduce, rupture, scorch, sear, short, short-circuit, shrink, shrivel, singe, sink, soak, splay, sprout, steep, stretch, submerge, subside, taper, thaw, tilt, tire, topple, triple, unfold, vary, warp
ZERO-RELATED TO ADJECTIVE: blunt, clear, clean, cool, crisp, dim, dirty, double, dry, dull, empty, even, firm, level, loose, mellow, muddy, narrow, open, pale, quiet, round, shut, slack, slim, slow, smooth, sober, sour, steady, tame, tense, thin, triple, warm
CHANGE OF CoLOR: blacken, brown, crimson, gray, green, purple, redden, silver, tan, whiten, yellow
-enVERBS:awaken,brighten,broaden,cheapen,coarsen,dampen, darken, deepen, fatten, flatten, freshen, gladden, harden, has ten, heighten, lengthen, lessen, lighten, loosen, moisten, neaten, quicken, quieten, ripen, roughen, sharpen, shorten, sicken, slacken, smarten, soften, steepen, stiffen, straighten, strengthen, sweeten, tauten, thicken, tighten, toughen, waken, weaken, widen, worsen
-ify VERBS: acetify, acidify, alkalify, calcify, carbonify, dehumidify, emulsify, fructify, gasify, humidify, intensify, lignify, liquefy, magnify, nitrify, ossify, petrify, purify, putrefy, silicify, solidify, stratify, vitrify
-ize VERBS: americanize, caramelize, carbonize, crystallize, de centralize, demagnetize, democratize, depressurize, destabilize, energize, equalize, fossilize, gelatinize, glutenize, harmonize, hybridize, iodize, ionize, magnetize, neutralize, oxidize, polarize, pulverize, regularize, stabilize, unionize, vaporize, volatilize, westernizee
-ate VERBS: accelerate, agglomerate, ameliorate, attenuate, coag ulate, decelerate, de-escalate, degenerate, desiccate, deteriorate, detonate, disintegrate, dissipate, evaporate, federate, granulate, incubate, levitate, macerate, operate, proliferate, propagate, ulcerate, vibrate
AMUSE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS : cheer, delight, enthuse, gladden, grieve, madden, obsess, puzzle, sadden, sicken, thrill, tire, weary, worry
* GIVE VERBS: feed, give, lease, lend, loan, pass, pay, peddle, refund, render, rent, repay, sell, serve, trade
* CONTRIBUTE VERBS: administer, contribute, disburse, distribute, donate, extend, forfeit, proffer, refer, reimburse, relinquish, remit, restore, return, sacrifice, submit, surrender, transfer
*VERBSOFFUTUREHAVING: advance,allocate,allot,assign,award, bequeath, cede, concede, extend, grant, guarantee, issue, leave, offer, owe, promise, vote, will, yield
* CuT VERBS: chip, clip, cut, hack, hew, saw, scrape, scratch, slash, snip
* CARVE VERBS: bore, bruise, carve, chip , chop, crop, crush, cube, dent, dice, drill, file, fillet, gash, gouge, grate, grind, mangle, mash, mince, mow, nick, notch, perforate, pulverize, punch , prune, shred, slice, slit, spear, squash, squish
* HIT VERBS: bang, bash, batter, beat, bump, butt, dash, drum, hammer, hit, kick, knock, lash, pound, rap, slap, smack, smash , strike, tamp, tap, thump, thwack, whack
*SWAT VERBS: bite, claw, paw, peck, punch, scratch, shoot, slug, stab, swat, swipe
* SPANK VERBS: belt, birch, bludgeon, bonk, brain, cane, clobber, club, conk, cosh, cudgel, cuff, flog, knife, paddle, paddywhack, pummel, sock, spank, strap, thrash, truncheon, wallop, whip, whisk
* ToucH VERBS: caress, graze, kiss, lick, nudge, pat, peck , pinch, prod, sting, stroke, tickle, touch
* DESTROY VERBS: annihilate, blitz, decimate, demolish, destroy, devastate, exterminate, extirpate, obliterate, ravage, raze, ruin, waste, wreck
* MURDER VERBS: assassinate, butcher, dispatch, eliminate, execute, immolate, kill, liquidate, massacre, murder, slaughter, slay
* POISON VERBS : crucify, electrocute, garrotte, hang, knife, poison, shoot, smother, stab, strangle
* APPEAR VERBS : appear, arise, awake, come, dawn, emanate, emerge, erupt, evolve, flow, gush, issue, materialize, plop, result, rise, steal, stem, stream, supervene, surge, wax
* VERBS OF DISAPPEARANCE: die, disappear, expire, lapse, perish, vanish
* VERBS OF OccuRRENCE: ensue, eventuate, happen, occur, recur, transpire
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
1.2.2 Understood Body-Part Object Alternation
I flossed my teeth. I flossed.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V2.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V2.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V2.2] their [MASK].
</train>
<test>
WINK VERBS: blink , clap , nod , point , shrug , squint, wag , wave , wink
* CRANE VERBS: arch, bare , bat , beat , blow , clench, click, close , cock , crane , crook , cross, drum , flap , flash , flex, flick , flutter , fold , gnash , grind , hang , hunch , kick, knit, open , pucker , purse , raise, roll , rub , shake, show , shuffle , smack , snap , stamp , stretch , toss , turn, twiddle , twitch, wag, waggle , wiggle, wring , wrinkle
FLOSS VERBS: brush , floss, shave, wash
* BRAID VERBS: bob , braid , brush , clip , coldcream , comb , condition , crimp , crop , curl , cut , dye , file , henna , lather, manicure , part , perm , plait , pluck , powder, rinse, rouge, set , shampoo , soap, talc , tease , towel, trim, wave
* HURT VERBS: bark , bite , bump, bum, break, bruise, chip , cut, fracture, hurt, injure, nick, prick , pull , rupture, scald, scratch , skin , split , sprain, strain, stub , turn , twist
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
1.2.3 Understood Reflexive Object Alternation
Jill dressed herself hurriedly. Jill dressed hurriedly.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V3.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V3.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V3.2] themself.
</train>
<test>
DREss VERBS: bathe, charge, disrobe, dress, exercise, preen, primp, shave, shower, strip, undress, wash
* GROOM VERBS: curry, groom
* Fwss VERBS: brush , floss , shave, wash
* BRAID VERBS: bob , braid , brush , clip , coldcream , comb , condition , crimp , crop , curl , cut , dye , file , henna , lather, manicure , part , perm , plait , pluck , powder, rinse, rouge, set , shampoo , soap, talc , tease , towel, trim, wave
* HuRT VERBS: bark , bite , bump, bum, break, bruise, chip , cut, fracture, hurt, injure, nick, prick , pull , rupture, scald, scratch , skin , split , sprain, strain, stub , turn , twist
LOAD VERBS : jam, cram, load, pack
PusH/PULL VERBS : jerk, pull, yank
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
1.2.4 Understood Reciprocal Object Alternation
Anne met Cathy. Anne and Cathy met.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V4.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V4.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] and the [MASK] will [V4.2].
</train>
<test>
MARRY VERBS: court, cuddle, date, divorce, embrace, hug, kiss, marry, nuzzle, pass, pet
MEET VERBS: battle, box, consult, debate, fight, meet, play, visit
*CORRESPOND VERBS: agree, argue, banter, bargain, bicker,  clash, coexist, collaborate, collide,  commiserate, communicate, compete, concur, confabulate, conflict, consort, cooperate, correspond, dicker, differ, disagree, dispute, dissent, duel, elope, feud, flirt, haggle, hobnob, jest, joke, joust, mate, mingle, mix, neck, negotiate, pair, plot, quarrel, quibble, rendezvous, scuffle, skirmish, spar, spat, spoon, squabble, struggle, tilt, tussle, vie, war, wrangle, wrestle
VERBS OF CONTIGUOUS LOCATION : cross, hit, intersect, ineet, miss, touch
* TALK VERBS: speak, talk
* CHITCHAT VERBS: argue, chat, chatter, chitchat, confer, converse, gab, gossip, rap, schmooze, yak
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
1.3 Conative Alternation
Paula hit the fence. Paula hit at the fence.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V5.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V5.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V5.2] at the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
HIT VERBS: bang, bash, batter, beat, bump, butt, dash, drum, hammer, hit, kick, knock, lash, pound, rap, slap, smack, smash , strike, tamp, tap, thump, thwack, whack
SWAT VERBS : bite, claw, paw, peck, punch , scratch, shoot , slug, stab, swat, swipe
* SPANK VERBS: belt, birch, bludgeon, bonk, brain, cane, clobber, club, conk, cosh, cudgel, cuff, flog, knife, paddle, paddywhack, pummel, sock, spank, strap, thrash, truncheon, wallop, whip, whisk
PoKE VERBS : dig, jab, poke, stick
CuT VERBS: chip, clip, cut, hack, hew, saw, scrape, scratch, slash, snip
* CARVE VERBS: bore, bruise, carve, chip , chop, crop, crush, cube, dent, dice, drill, file, fillet, gash, gouge, grate, grind, mangle, mash, mince, mow, nick, notch, perforate, pulverize, punch , prune, shred, sliCe, slit, spear, squash, squish
SPRAY/LOAD VERBS : dab, rub, splash, spray, squirt, swab
*BREAK VERBS: break, chip, crack, crash, crush, fracture, rip, shatter, smash, snap, splinter, split, tear
*BENDVERBS:bend,crease,crinkle,crumple,fold,rumple,wrinkle
PusH/PULL VERBS:  heave,jerk, press, pull, push, shove,  tug, yank
* DESTROY VERBS: annihilate, blitz, decimate, demolish, destroy, dev astate, exterminate, extirpate, obliterate, ravage, raze, ruin, waste, wreck
EAT VERBS: drink, eat
CHEW VERBS: chew, chomp, crunch, gnaw, lick, munch, nibble, pick, peck, sip, slurp, suck
* GOBBLE VERBS: bolt, gobble, gulp, guzzle, quaff, swallow, swig, wolf
* DEVOUR VERBS: consume, devour, imbibe, ingest, swill
* ToucH VERBS: caress, graze, kiss, lick, nudge, pat, peck , pinch, prod, sting, stroke, tickle, touch
* SEND VERBS: airmail, convey, deliver, dispatch, express, FedEx, forward, hand, mail, pass, port, post, return, send, shift, ship, shunt, slip, smuggle, sneak, transfer, transport, UPS
* SLIDE VERBS: bounce, float, move, roll, slide
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
1.4.2 With Preposition Drop Alternation
Jill met with Sarah. Jill met Sarah.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V6.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V6.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V6.2] the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
MEET VERBS: battle, box, consult, debate, fight, meet, play, visit
* MARRY VERBS: court, cuddle, date, divorce, embrace, hug, kiss, marry, nuzzle, pass, pet
* CORRESPOND VERBS: agree, argue, banter, bargain, bicker, brawl, clash, coexist, collaborate, collide, combat, commiserate, communicate, compete, concur, confabulate, conflict, consort, cooperate, correspond, dicker, differ, disagree, dispute, dissent, duel, elope, feud, flirt, haggle, hobnob, jest,joke,joust, mate, mingle, mix, neck, negotiate, pair, plot, quarrel, quibble, rendezvous, scuffle, skirmish, spar, spat, spoon, squabble, struggle, tilt, tussle, vie, war, wrangle, wrestle
*TALKVERBS:speak,talk
* CHITCHAT VERBS: argue, chat, chatter, chitchat, confer, converse, gab, gossip, rap, schmooze, yak
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.1 Dative Alternation
Bill sold a car to Tom. Bill sold Tom a car.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V7.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V7.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V7.2] the [MASK] a [MASK].
</train>
<test>
GIVE VERBS: feed, give, lease, lend, loan, pass, pay, peddle, refund, render, rent, repay, sell, serve, trade
VERBS OF FUTURE HAVING: advance, allocate, allot, assign, award, bequeath, cede, concede, extend, grant, guarantee, issue, leave, offer, owe, promise, vote, will, yield
BRING AND TAKE: bring, take
SEND VERBS: forward, hand, mail, post, send, ship, slip, smuggle, sneak
SLIDE VERBS: bounce, float, roll, slide
CARRY VERBS: carry, drag, haul, heave, heft, hoist, kick, lug, pull, push, schlep, shove, tote, tow, tug
DRIVE VERBS: barge, bus, cart, drive, ferry, fly, row, shuttle, truck, wheel, wire
VERBS OF THROWING: bash, bat, bunt, catapult, chuck, flick, fling, flip, hit, hurl, kick, lob, pass, pitch, punt, shoot, shove, slam, slap, sling, throw, tip, toss
VERBS OF TRANSFER OF A MESSAGE: ask, cite,  preach, quote, read, relay, show, teach, tell, write
VERBS OF INSTRUMENT OF COMMUNICATION: cable, e-mail, fax, modem, netmail, phone, radio, relay, satellite, semaphore, sign, signal, telephone, telecast, telegraph, telex, wire, wireless
* Primarily Latinate verbs belonging to some of the semantically plausible classes listed above: address, administer, broadcast, convey, contribute, delegate, deliver, denounce, demonstrate, describe, dictate, dispatch, display, distribute, donate, elucidate, exhibit, express, explain, explicate, forfeit, illustrate, introduce, narrate, portray, proffer, recite, recommend, refer, reimburse, remit, restore, return, sacrifice, submit, surrender, transfer, transport
* SAY VERBS: admit, allege, announce, articulate, assert, communicate, confess, convey, declare, mention, propose, recount, repeat, report, reveal, say, state
*VERBSOFMANNEROFSPEAKING:babble,bark, bawl,bellow,bleat, boom, bray, burble, cackle, call, carol, chant, chatter, chirp, cluck, coo, croak, croon, crow, cry, drawl, drone, gabble, gibber, groan, growl, grumble, grunt, hiss, holler, hoot, howl, jabber, lilt, lisp, moan, mumble, murmur, mutter, purr, rage, rasp, roar, rumble, scream, screech, shout, shriek, sing, snap, snarl, snuffle, splut ter, squall, squawk, squeak, squeal, stammer, stutter, thunder, tisk, trill, trumpet, twitter, wail, warble, wheeze, whimper, whine, whisper, whistle, whoop, yammer, yap, yell, yelp, yodel
* VERBS OF PUTTING WITH A SPECIFIED DIRECTION: drop, hoist, lift, lower, raise
* VERBS OF FULFILLING: credit, entrust, furnish, issue, leave, present, provide, serve, supply, trust
*Non-Alternating Double Object Only: accord, ask, bear, begrudge, bode, cost, deny, envy, flash , forbid, forgive, guarantee, issue, refuse, save, spare, strike , vouchsafe, wish, write
* BILL VERBS: bet, bill, charge, fine, mulct, overcharge, save, spare, tax, tip, undercharge, wager
* APPOINT VERBS: acknowledge, adopt, appoint, consider, crown, deem, designate, elect, esteem, imagine, mark, nominate, ordain, proclaim, rate, reckon, report, want
* DuB VERBS: anoint, baptize, brand, call, christen, consecrate, crown, decree, dub, label, make, name, nickname, pronounce, rule, stamp, style, term, vote
*DECLAREVERBS:adjudge,adjudicate,assume,avow,believe,con fess, declare, fancy, find, judge, presume, profess, prove, suppose, think, warrant
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.2 Benefactive Alternation
Martha carved a toy for the baby. Martha carved the baby a toy.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V8.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V8.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V8.2] the [MASK] a [MASK].
</train>
<test>
BUILD VERBs: arrange, assemble, bake, blow, build, carve, cast, chisel, churn, compile, cook, crochet, cut, develop, embroider, fashion, fold, forge , grind, grow, hack, hammer, hatch, knit, make, mold, pound, roll, sculpt, sew, shape, spin , stitch, weave, whittle
CREATE VERBS: design, dig, mint
PREPARE VERBS: bake , blend , boil, brew , clean, clear , cook , fix , fry , grill, hardboil , iron, light , mix , poach , pour , prepare , roast , roll, run , scramble , set , softboil , toast, toss , wash
VERBS OF PERFORMANCE : dance, draw , hum , paint , play, recite , sing , spin , whistle , write
GET VERBS: book, buy, call, cash, catch, charter,  earn, fetch, find, gain, gather, get, hire, keep, lease, leave, order, phone , pick, pluck , procure, pull , reach, rent, reserve, save, secure, shoot , slaughter , steal, vote, win
* OBTAIN VERBS: accept, accumulate, acquire, appropriate, borrow,  collect, exact, grab, inherit, obtain, purchase, receive, recover, regain, retrieve, seize, select, snatch
* VERBS OP SELECTION:  designate, favor, indicate, prefer, pick , select
* CREATE VERBS : coin, compose, compute, construct, create, derive, fabricate, form, invent, manufacture, mint, organize, produce, recreate, style
* STEAL VERBS: abduct, cadge, capture, confiscate, cop, emancipate, embezzle, exorcise, extort, extract, filch, flog, grab, impound, kidnap, liberate, lift, nab, pilfer, pinch, pirate, phigiarize, purloin, recover, redeem, reclaim, regain, repossess, rescue, retrieve, rustle, seize, smuggle, snatch, sneak, sponge, steal, swipe, take, thieve, wangle, weasel, winkle, withdraw, wrest
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.3.1 Spray/Load Alternation
Jack sprayed paint on the wall. Jack sprayed the wall with paint.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V9.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V9.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V9.2] the [MASK] with the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
SPRAY/LOAD VERBS: brush, cram, crowd, cultivate, dab, daub, drape, drizzle, dust, hang, heap, inject, jam, load, mound, pack, pile, plant, plaster,  pump, rub, scatter, seed, settle, sew, shower, slather, smear, smudge, sow, spatter, splash, splatter, spray, spread, sprinkle, spritz, squirt, stack, stick, stock, strew, string, stuff, swab, wrap
* FILL VERBS: adorn, anoint, bandage, bathe, bestrew, bind, blanket, block, blot, bombard, carpet, choke, cloak, clog, clutter, coat, con taminate, cover, dam, dapple, deck, decorate, deluge, dirty, douse, dot, drench, edge, embellish, emblazon, encircle, encrust, endow, enrich, entangle, face, festoon, fill, fleck, flood, frame, garland, garnish, imbue, impregnate, infect, inlay, interlace, interlard, interleave, in tersperse, interweave, inundate, lard, lash, line, litter, mask, mottle, ornament, pad, pave, plate, plug, pollute, replenish, repopulate, riddle, ring, ripple,robe, saturate, season, shroud, smother, soak, soil, speckle, splotch, spot, staff, stain, stipple, stop up, stud, suffuse, surround, swaddle, swathe, taint, tile, trim, veil, vein, wreathe
* Pur VERBS: arrange, immerse, install, lodge, mount, place, position, put, set, situate, sling, stash, stow
* VERBS OF PUTTING IN A SPATIAL CONFIGURATION : dangle, lay, lean, perch, rest, sit, stand, suspend
* FUNNEL VERBS: bang, channel, dip, dump, funnel, hammer, ladle, pound, push, rake, ram, scoop, scrape, shake, shovel, siphon, spoon, squeeze, squish, squash, sweep, tuck, wad, wedge, wipe, wring
* VERBS OF PUTTING WITH A SPECIFIED DIRECTION: drop, hoist, lift, lower, raise
* POUR VERBS: dribble, drip, pour, slop, slosh, spew, spill, spurt
* COIL VERBS: coil, curl, loop, roll, spin, twirl, twist, whirl, wind
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.3.2 Clear Alternation (transitive)
Henry cleared dishes from the table. Henry cleared the table of dishes.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V10.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V10.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V10.2] the [MASK] of the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
CLEAR VERBS: clear, clean, drain, empty
* CHEAT VERBS: absolve, acquit, balk, bereave, bilk, bleed, break , burgle, cheat, cleanse, con, cull, cure, defraud, denude, deplete, depopulate, deprive, despoil, disabuse, disarm, disencumber, dispossess, divest, drain, ease, exonerate, fleece, free, gull, milk, mulct, pardon, plunder, purge, purify, ransack, relieve, render, rid, rifle, rob, sap, strip, swindle, unburden, void, wean
* REMOVE VERBS: abstract, cull, delete, discharge, disgorge, dislodge, dismiss, disengage, draw, eject, eliminate, eradicate, evict, excise, excommunicate, expel, extirpate, extract, extrude, lop, omit, ostracize, oust, partition, pry, reap, remove, separate, sever, shoo, subtract, uproot, winkle, withdraw, wrench
* BANISH VERBS: banish, deport, evacuate, expel, extradite, recall, remove
* STEAL VERBS: abduct, cadge, capture, confiscate, cop, eman cipate, embezzle, exorcise, extort, extract, filch, flog, grab, impound, kidnap, liberate, lift, nab, pilfer, pinch, pirate, plagia rize, purloin, recover, redeem, reclaim, regain, repossess, rescue, retrieve, rustle, seize, smuggle, snatch, sneak, sponge, steal, swipe, take, thieve, wangle, weasel, winkle, withdraw, wrest
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.3.4 Swarm Alternation
Bees are swarming in the garden. The garden is swarming with bees.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V11.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V11.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V11.2] with the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
VERBS OF LIGHT EMISSION: beam, blink, bum, blaze, flame, flare, flash, flicker, glare, gleam, glimmer, glint, glisten, glitter, glow, incandesce, scintillate, shimmer, shine, sparkle, twinkle
VERBS OF SOUND EMISSION: babble, bang, beat, beep, bellow, blare, blast, blat, boom, bubble, burble, burr, buzz, chatter, chime, chink, chir, chitter, chug, clack, clang, clank, clap, clash, clatter, click, cling, clink, clomp, clump, clunk, crack, crackle, crash, creak, crepitate, crunch, cry, ding, dong, explode, fizz, fizzle, groan, growl, gurgle, hiss, hoot, howl, hum, jangle, jingle, knell, knock, lilt, moan, murmur, patter, peal, ping, pink, pipe, plink, plonk, plop, plunk, pop, purr, putter, rap, rasp, rattle, ring, roar, roll, rumble, rustle, scream, screech, shriek, shrill, sing, sizzle, snap, splash, splutter, sputter, squawk, squeak, squeal, squelch, strike, swish, swoosh, thrum, thud, thump, thunder, thunk, tick, ting, tinkle, toll, toot, tootle, trill, trumpet, twang, ululate, vroom, wail, wheeze, whine, whir, whish, whistle, whoosh, whump, zing
VERBS OF SUBSTANCE EMISSION: drip, foam, gush, ooze, radiate, spout, sprout, squirt, stream, sweat
VERBS OF SOUND EXISTENCE:  echo, resonate, resound, reverberate, sound
VERBS OF ENTITY-SPECIFIC MODES OF BEING: bloom, blossom, bristle, foam, sprout
VERBS OF MODES OF BEING INVOLVING MOTION: dance, flutter, pulsate, quiver, shake, stir, sway, tremble, writhe
SWARM VERBS: abound, bustle, crawl, creep, hop, run, swarm, swim, teem, throng
* BULGE VERBS: bristle, bulge, seethe
* HERD VERBS: accumulate, aggregate, amass, assemble, cluster, collect, congregate, convene, flock, gather, group, herd, huddle, mass
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.4.1 Material/Product Alternation (transitive)
Martha carved a toy out of the piece of wood. Martha carved the piece of wood into a toy.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V12.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V12.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V12.2] the [MASK] into a [MASK].
</train>
<test>
BUILD VERBS: arrange, assemble, bake, blow, build, carve, cast, chisel, chum, compile, cook, crochet, cut, develop, embroider, fashion, fold, forge , grind, grow, hack, hammer, hatch, knit, make, mold, pound, roll, sculpt, sew, shape, spin , stitch, weave, whittle
* CREATE VERBS: coin, compose, compute, concoct, construct, create, derive, design, dig, fabricate, form, invent, manufacture, mint, model, organize, produce, recreate, style, synthesize
* KNEAD VERBS: beat, bend, coil, collect, compress, fold, freeze, knead, melt, shake, squash, squish, squeeze, twirl, twist, wad, whip, wind, work
* TURN VERBS: alter, change, convert, metamorphose, transform, transmute, turn
* DESTROY VERBS: annihilate, blitz, decimate, demolish, destroy, devastate, exterminate, extirpate, obliterate, ravage, raze, ruin, waste, wreck
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.4.2 Material/Product Alternation (intransitive)
That acorn will grow into an oak tree. An oak tree will grow from that acorn.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V13.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V13.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
An [MASK] will [V13.2] from that [MASK].
</train>
<test>
GROW VERBS: develop, evolve, grow, hatch, mature
* TURN VERBS: alter, change, convert, metamorphose, transform, transmute, turn
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.4.3 Total Transformation Alternation (transitive)
The witch turned him into a frog. The witch turned him from a prince into a frog.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V14.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V14.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V14.2] the [MASK] from a [MASK] into a [MASK].
</train>
<test>
TURN VERBS: alter, change, convert, metamorphose, transform, transmute, turn
* BUILD VERBS: arrange, assemble, bake, blow, build, carve, cast, chisel, churn, compile, cook, crochet, cut, develop, embroider, fashion, fold, forge, grind, grow, hack, hammer, hatch, knit, make, mold, pound, roll, sculpt, sew, shape, spin, stitch, weave, whittle
* KNEAD VERBS: beat, bend, coil, collect, compress, fold, freeze, knead, melt, shake, squash, squish, squeeze, twirl, twist, wad, whip, wind, work
* DESTROY VERBS: annihilate, blitz, decimate, demolish, destroy, devastate, exterminate, extirpate, obliterate, ravage, raze, ruin, waste, wreck
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.4.4 Total Transformation Alternation (intransitive)
He turned into a frog. He turned from a prince into a frog.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V15.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V15.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V15.2] from a [MASK] into a [MASK].
</train>
<test>
TuRN VERBS (some): alter, change, metamorphose, turn
* GRow VERBS: develop, evolve, grow, hatch, mature
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.5.3 Apart Reciprocal Alternation (transitive)
I broke the twig off(of) the branch. I broke the twig and the branch apart.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V16.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V16.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V16.2] the [MASK] and the [MASK] apart.
</train>
<test>
SPLIT VERBS: blow, break, cut, draw, hack, hew, kick, knock, pry, pull, push, rip, roll, saw, shove, slip, split, tear, tug, yank
* SEPARATE VERBS: decouple, differentiate, disconnect, disentangle, dissociate, distinguish, divide, divorce, part, segregate, separate, sever
* DISASSEMBLE VERBS: detach, disassemble, disconnect, partition, sift, sunder, unbolt, unbuckle, unbutton, unchain, unclamp, un clasp, unclip, unfasten, unglue, unhinge, unhitch, unhook, unlace, unlatch, unlock, unleash, unpeg, unpin, unscrew, unshackle, unstaple, unstitch, untie, unzip
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.5.6 Apart Reciprocal Alternation (intransitive)
The twig broke off (of) the branch. The twig and the branch broke apart.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V17.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V17.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] and the [MASK] will [V17.2] apart.
</train>
<test>
SPLIT VERBS: blow, break, draw, kick, knock, pry, pull, push, rip, roll, shove, slip, split, tear, tug, yank
* SEPARATE VERBS: decouple, differentiate, disconnect, disentangle, dissociate, distinguish, divide, divorce, part, segregate, separate, sever
* DIFFER VERBS: differ, diverge
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.6 Fulfilling Alternation
The judge presented a prize to the winner. The judge presented the winner with a prize.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V18.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V18.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V18.2] the [MASK] with a [MASK].
</train>
<test>
VERBS oF FULFILLING: credit, entrust, furnish, issue, leave, present, provide, serve, supply, trust
* VERBS OF FUTURE HAVING: advance, allocate, allot, assign, award, bequeath, cede, concede, extend, grant, guarantee, issue, leave, offer, owe, promise, vote, will, yield
* EQUIP VERBS: arm, burden, charge, compensate, equip, invest, ply, regale, reward, saddle
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.7 Image Impression Alternation
The jeweller inscribed the name on the ring. The jeweller inscribed the ring with the name.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V19.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V19.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V19.2] the [MASK] with the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
VERBS OF IMAGE IMPRESSION: applique, emboss, embroider, engrave, etch, imprint, incise, inscribe, mark, paint, set, sign, stamp, tattoo
* SCRIBBLE VERBs: carve, chalk, charcoal, copy, crayon, doodle, draw, forge, ink, paint, pencil, plot, print, scratch, scrawl, scribble, sketch, spraypaint, stencil, trace, type, write
*TRANSCRIBE VERBS: copy, film, forge, microfilm, photocopy, photograph, record, tape, televise, transcribe, type
* ILLUSTRATE VERBS: address, adorn, autograph, brand, date, decorate, embellish, endorse, illuminate, illustrate, initial, label, letter, monogram, ornament, tag
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.8 With/Against Alternation
Brian hit the stick against the fence. Brian hit the fence with the stick.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V20.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V20.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V20.2] the [MASK] with the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
HIT VERBS: bang, bash, batter, beat, bump, butt, dash, drum, hammer, hit, kick, knock, lash, pound, rap, slap, smack, smash, strike, tamp, tap, thump, thwack, whack
*SWATVERBS:bite,claw,paw,peck,punch,scratch,shoot, slug, stab, swat, swipe
* SPANK VERBS: belt, birch, bludgeon, bonk, brain, cane, clobber, club, conk, cosh, cudgel, cuff, flog, knife, paddle, paddywhack, pummel, sock, spank, strap, thrash, truncheon, wallop, whip, whisk
* PoKE VERBS: dig, jab, pierce, poke, prick, stick
* THROW VERBS (some): bat, bunt, chuck, fling, flip, hurl, lob, pitch, punt, shoot, shove, slap, sling, throw, tip, toss
* BREAK VERBS: break, crack, crash, crush, fracture, rip, shatter, smash, snap, splinter, split, tear
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.9 Through/With Alternation
Alison pierced the needle through the cloth. Alison pierced the cloth with a needle.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V21.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V21.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V21.2] the [MASK] with a [MASK].
</train>
<test>
PoKE VERBS: dig, jab, pierce, poke, prick, stick
*HITVERBS:bang,bash,batter,beat,bump,butt,dash,drum,hammer, hit, kick, knock, lash, pound, rap, slap, smack, smash, strike, tamp, tap, thump, thwack, whack
* SWAT VERBS : bite, claw, paw, peck, punch, scratch, shoot, slug, stab, swat, swipe
* SPANK VERBS: belt, birch, bludgeon, bonk, brain, cane, clobber, club, conk, cosh, cudgel, cuff, flog, knife, paddle, paddywhack, pummel, sock, spank, strap, thrash, truncheon, wallop, whip, whisk
* TOUCH VERBS: caress, graze, kiss, lick, nudge, pat, peck, pinch, prod, sting, stroke, tickle, touch
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.10 Blame Alternation
Mira blamed the accident on Terry. Mira blamed Terry for the accident.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V22.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V22.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V22.2] the [MASK] for the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
Alternating Verbs: blame
*WANT VERBS: want, covet, crave, desire, fancy, need
*POSITIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: admire, adore, appreciate, cherish, enjoy, esteem, exalt, fancy, favor, idolize, like, love, miss, prize, respect, relish, revere, savor, stand, support, tolerate, treasure, trust, value, venerate, worship
*NEGATIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: abhor, deplore, despise, detest, disdain, dislike, distrust, dread, envy, execrate, fear, hate, lament, loathe, mourn, pity, regret, resent
*NEGATIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: abuse, backbite, calumniate, castigate, censure, chasten, chastise, chide, condemn, criticize, decry, defame, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, deride, disparage, fault, fine, impeach, insult, lambaste, malign, mock, penalize, persecute, prosecute, punish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, revile, ridicule, scold, scorn, shame, snub, upbraid, victimize, vilify
*POSITIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: acclaim, applaud, bless, celebrate, commend, compensate, compliment, congratulate, eulogize, excuse, extol, felicitate, forgive, greet, hail, honor, laud, pardon, praise, recompense, remunerate, repay, reward, salute, thank, toast, welcome
*VERBS OF AssESSMENT: analyze, assess, audit, evaluate, review, scrutinize, study
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.13.1 Possessor Object
They praised the volunteers' dedication. They praised the volunteers for their dedication.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V23.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V23.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V23.2] them for their [MASK].
</train>
<test>
POSITIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: admire, adore, appreciate, cherish, enjoy, esteem, exalt, fancy, favor, idolize, like, love, miss, prize, respect, relish, revere, savor, stand, support, tolerate, treasure, trust, value, venerate, worship
NEGATIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: abhor, deplore, despise, detest, disdain, dislike, distrust, dread, envy, execrate, fear, hate, lament, loathe, mourn, pity, regret, resent
NEGATIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: abuse, backbite, calumniate, castigate, censure, chasten, chastise, chide, condemn, criticize, decry, defame, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, deride, disparage, fault, fine, impeach, insult, lambaste, malign, mock, penalize, persecute, prosecute, punish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, revile, ridicule, scold, scorn, shame, snub, upbraid, victimize, vilify
POSITIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: acclaim, applaud, bless, celebrate, commend, compensate, compliment, congratulate, eulogize, excuse, extol, felicitate, forgive, greet, hail, honor, laud, pardon, praise, recompense, remunerate, repay, reward, salute, thank, toast, welcome
WANT VERBS: covet, crave, desire, fancy, need, want
VERBS OF AssESSMENT: analyze, assess, audit, evaluate, review, scrutinize, study
* SEE VERBS: detect, discern, feel, hear, notice, see, sense, smell, taste
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.13.2 Attribute Object
I admired his honesty. I admired the honesty in him.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V24.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V24.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V24.2] the [MASK] in them.
</train>
<test>
POSITIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PsYCH-VERBS: admire, adore, appreciate, cherish, enjoy, esteem, exalt, fancy, favor, idolize, like, love, miss, prize, respect, relish, revere, savor, stand, support, tolerate, treasure, trust, value, venerate, worship
NEGATIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: abhor, deplore, despise, detest, disdain, dislike, distrust, dread, envy, execrate, fear, hate, lament, loathe, mourn, pity, regret, resent
SEE VERBS: detect, discern, feel, hear, notice, see, sense, smell, taste
* NEGATIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: abuse, backbite, calumniate, castigate, censure, chasten, chastise, chide, condemn, criticize, decry, defame, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, deride, disparage, fault, fine, impeach, insult, lambaste, malign, mock, penalize, persecute, prosecute, punish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, revile, ridicule, scold, scorn, shame, snub, upbraid, victimize, vilify
* PosiTIVE JuDGMENT VERBS: acclaim, applaud, bless, celebrate, commend, compensate, compliment, congratulate, eulogize, excuse, extol, felicitate, forgive, greet, hail, honor, laud, pardon, praise, recompense, remunerate, repay, reward, salute, thank, toast, welcome
* WANT VERBS: covet, crave, desire, fancy, need, want
* VERBS OF AssESSMENT: analyze, assess, audit, evaluate, review, scrutinize, study
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.13.3 Possessor and Attribute Alternation
I admired him for his honesty. I admired the honesty in him.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V25.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V25.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V25.2] the [MASK] in them.
</train>
<test>
POSITIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: admire, adore, appreciate, cherish, enjoy, esteem, exalt, fancy, favor, idolize, like, love, miss, prize, respect, relish, revere, savor, stand, support, tolerate, treasure, trust, value, venerate, worship
NEGATIVE ADMIRE-TYPE PSYCH-VERBS: abhor, deplore, despise, detest, disdain, dislike, distrust, dread, envy, execrate, fear, hate, lament, loathe, mourn, pity, regret, resent
* SEE VERBS: detect, discern, feel, hear, notice, see, sense, smell, taste
* NEGATIVE JuDGMENT VERBS: abuse, backbite, calumniate, castigate, censure, chasten, chastise, chide, condemn, criticize, decry, defame, denigrate, denounce, deprecate, deride, disparage, fault, fine, impeach, insult, lambaste, malign, mock, penalize, persecute, prosecute, punish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach, reprove, revile, ridicule, scold, scorn, shame, snub, upbraid, victimize, vilify
* POSITIVE JUDGMENT VERBS: acclaim, applaud, bless, celebrate, commend, compensate, compliment, congratulate, eulogize, excuse, extol, felicitate, forgive, greet, hail, honor, laud, pardon, praise, recompense, remunerate, repay, reward, salute, thank, toast, welcome
* WANT VERBS: covet, crave, desire, fancy, need, want
* VERBS OF AssESSMENT: analyze, assess, audit, evaluate, review, scrutinize, study
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
2.14 As Alternation
The president appointed Smith press secretary. The president appointed Smith as press secretary.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V26.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V26.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V26.2] the [MASK] as the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
APPOINT VERBS: acknowledge, adopt, appoint, consider, crown, deem, designate, elect, esteem, imagine, mark, nominate, ordain, proclaim, rate, reckon, report, want
* CHARACTERIZE VERBS: accept, address, appreciate, bill, cast, certify, characterize, choose, cite, class, classify, confirm, count, define, describe, diagnose, disguise, employ, engage, enlist, enroll, enter, envisage, establish, esteem, hail, herald, hire, honor, identify, imagine, incorporate, induct, intend, lampoon, offer, oppose, paint, portray, praise, qualify, rank, recollect, recommend, regard, reinstate, reject, remember, represent, repudiate, reveal, salute, see, select, stigmatize, take, train, treat, use, value, view, visualize
* DuB VERBS: anoint, baptize, brand, call, christen, consecrate, crown, decree, dub, label, make, name, nickname, pronounce, rule, stamp, style, term, vote
* DECLARE VERBS: adjudge, adjudicate, assume, avow, believe, confess, declare, fancy, find, judge, presume, profess, prove, suppose, think, warrant
* BILL VERBS: bet, bill, charge, fine, mulct, overcharge, save, spare, tax, tip, undercharge, wager
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
3.8 Raw Material Subject Alternation
She baked wonderful bread from that whole wheat flour. That whole wheat flour bakes wonderful bread.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V27.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V27.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
That [MASK] will [V27.2] the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
BUILD VERBS (some): bake, blow, carve, cast, churn, cook, crochet, grind, grow, knit, make, sew, spin, weave, whittle
* CREATE VERBS: coin, compose, compute, concoct, construct, create, derive, design, dig, fabricate, form, invent, manufacture, mint, model, organize, produce, recreate, style, synthesize
* KNEAD VERBS: beat, bend, coil, collect, compress, fold, freeze, knead, melt, shake, squash, squish, squeeze, twirl, twist, wad, whip, wind, work
</test>
</similarity>

<similarity>
<info>
3.10 Source Subject Alternation
The middle class will benefit from the new tax laws. The new tax laws will benefit the middle class.
</info>
<novel_verb>
[V28.2]
</novel_verb>
<novel_tokens>
[V28.2]
</novel_tokens>
<train>
The [MASK] will [V28.2] the [MASK].
</train>
<test>
Alternating Verbs: benefit, profit
* Non-Alternating Verbs: gain, prosper
</test>
</similarity>