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| # Summary | |
| This corpus consists of samples from various treebanks annotated at the University of Groningen using the Alpino annotation tools and guidelines. | |
| # Introduction | |
| The data consists of samples from various treebanks annotated at the University of Groningen using the Alpino annotation tools and guidelines: | |
| * train consists of material from the original Alpino CD-ROM (file id 'cdb' 7000+ sentences from the Eindhoven corpus), questions using in a QA project (file ids with qa and wpspel), material from suites used for grammar maintenance (id: g_suite, h_suite, leuven_yellow_pages), example sentence from the Dutch reference grammar ANS (eans), and the WR-P-P-H section of the Lassy Small corpus | |
| * dev consists of material from the WR-P-P-H section of the Lassy Small corpus | |
| * test consists of material from the WR-P-P-H and WR-P-P-L sections of the Lassy Small corpus | |
| The data was thoroughly revised by Gosse Bouma and Gertjan van Noord for UD 2.1 in November 2017. | |
| The new version was created using the same conversion script as was used for Dutch LassySmall. | |
| As sources, we used the (manually corrected) Alpino treebank annotation for this material as it is | |
| available in Groningen. Links to original files have been added. Note that tokenization may differ | |
| from the previous UD version. | |
| The conversion script can be found here: https://github.com/gossebouma/lassy2ud | |
| # Acknowledgements | |
| # Older | |
| Description of the material as it was included in UD 1.0 and 2.0: | |
| The data were used in the CoNLL-X Shared Task in dependency parsing (2006); the CoNLL version | |
| was taken and converted to the Prague dependency style as a part of HamleDT (since 2011). | |
| Later versions of HamleDT added a conversion to the Stanford dependencies (2014) and to | |
| Universal Dependencies (HamleDT 3.0, 2015). The conversion path from the original Alpino still | |
| goes through the CoNLL-X format and the Prague dependencies, which may occasionally lead to | |
| loss of information. The first release of Universal Dependencies that included this treebank | |
| was UD v1.2 in November 2015. It was essentially the HamleDT conversion but the data was not | |
| identical to HamleDT 3.0 because the conversion procedure had been further improved. | |
| # References: | |
| * http://odur.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/trees/ | |
| * http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/hamledt ... HamleDT | |
| * http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/treex ... Treex is the software used for conversion | |
| * http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/interset ... Interset was used to convert POS tags and features | |
| * Gosse Bouma and Gertjan van Noord Increasing Return on annotation investment: the automatic construction of a Universal Dependency treebank for Dutch in: Proceedings of the Universal Dependencies Workshop, Gothenburg, 22 May 2017 | |
| http://aclweb.org/anthology/W17-0403 | |
| * van Noord G. et al. (2013) Large Scale Syntactic Annotation of Written Dutch: Lassy. In: Spyns P., Odijk J. (eds) Essential Speech and Language Technology for Dutch. Theory and Applications of Natural Language Processing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30910-6_9 | |
| * L. van der Beek, G. Bouma, R. Malouf, and G. van Noord. The alpino dependency treebank. In Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands (CLIN) 2001, Twente University, 2002. http://www.let.rug.nl/~gosse/papers/clin01c.pdf | |
| # Changelog | |
| * 2018-04-15 v2.2 | |
| * Repository renamed from UD_Dutch to UD_Dutch-Alpino. | |
| * 2017-11-15 v2.1 | |
| * First version of thorougly revised data. | |
| It was created using the same conversion script as is being used for Dutch | |
| LassySmall. As sources, we used the (manually corrected) Alpino treebank | |
| annotation for this material as it is available in Groningen. Links to | |
| original files have been added. Issues: | |
| * tokenization may differ from the previous version. | |
| * some sentences are missing in the Alpino treebanks. In those cases UD 2.0 | |
| annotation has been preserved. | |
| * 2017-03-01 v2.0 | |
| * Converted to UD v2 guidelines. | |
| * Reconsidered PRON vs. DET. | |
| * Changed advmod vs. obl distinction. This is a result of a general rule for | |
| the Prague deprel 'Adv'. However, we should extend it by a Dutch-specific | |
| rule for adjectives, which often act like adverbs and definitely not like | |
| obliques. | |
| * 2016-05-15 v1.3 | |
| * Multi-word expressions that were collapsed into one node (with underscores) | |
| are split again. This needs to be revisited and POS tags and MWE-internal | |
| relations improved. | |
| * Fixed adverbs that were attached as nmod; correct: advmod. | |
| * Copulas with clausal complements are now heads. | |
| * Relative pronouns are no longer treated as subordinating conjunctions. | |
| More work is needed: now all are attached as 'dobj', which may not be correct; | |
| noun phrases with relative determiners (welke boeken) and relative prepositional | |
| phrases (bij wat) are not handled properly. | |
| * Reversed relation finite auxiliary "heb" – participle. | |
| * Infinitives under modal verbs are now 'xcomp', not 'aux'. | |
| <pre> | |
| === Machine-readable metadata (DO NOT REMOVE!) ================================ | |
| Data available since: UD v1.2 | |
| License: CC BY-SA 4.0 | |
| Includes text: yes | |
| Genre: news | |
| Lemmas: converted from manual | |
| UPOS: converted from manual | |
| XPOS: manual native | |
| Features: converted from manual | |
| Relations: converted from manual | |
| Contributors: Zeman, Daniel; Žabokrtský, Zdeněk; Bouma, Gosse; van Noord, Gertjan | |
| Contributing: elsewhere | |
| Contact: g.bouma@rug.nl | |
| Paragraphs to web: 5 | |
| =============================================================================== | |
| </pre> |