02. Python 101.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "這裡我們要介紹 Python 基本入門, 有很多看起來就是準備來踢館的同學, 希望能幫忙一下剛剛開始學程式語言的同學。\n",
    "\n",
    "初學可能會需要找本 Python 入門書。這很容易, 到書店找一本你看起來最順眼的, 大概就可以了。學習一個程式語言, 大致上要學會的東西有:\n",
    "\n",
    "* 資料型態\n",
    "* 基本輸入輸出\n",
    "* 函數定義的方法\n",
    "* 迴圈的寫法\n",
    "* 條件判斷\n",
    "\n",
    "等等。在如 Python 這種「物件導向」程式語言, 可能還要加入 `class` 的用法。不過說實在, `class` 大概理解就可以。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 02-01 把 Python 當計算機\n",
    "\n",
    "基本資料型態和當計算機功能, 通常是最無聊的部份 (不過可能是最實用功能之一)。我們不準備花太多時間...\n",
    "\n",
    "記得所有程式原則, 就是有模糊的地方, 就加小括號。Python 有要特别說明的, 大概只有指數的運算。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2**3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "忍不住要告訴大家, Python 整數是「無限長度」, 這在一些應用上很方便。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = 453495892082398492384983948239482384320192839182938981230123981"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "453495892082398492384983948239482384320192839182938981230123982"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a + 1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 資料型態\n",
    "\n",
    "寫過程式的就知道, 什麼整數、浮點數、字串等等的, 在 Python 當然是有的。在 Python 字串可以用單引號或雙引號 (沒有區別), 還有「三引號」..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ham = 'This is a book.'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "spam = '''Python\n",
    "是\n",
    "一個\n",
    "可愛的\n",
    "程式語言。'''"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Python\\n是\\n一個\\n可愛的\\n程式語言。'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "spam"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Python\n",
      "是\n",
      "一個\n",
      "可愛的\n",
      "程式語言。\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(spam)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 【註】\n",
    "\n",
    "Python 喜歡用 `spam`, `ham`, `eggs` 當做沒什麼特别意義的變數 (metasyntactic variables) 名稱 。出處是 Monty Python 的影片, 當然知道這種東西, 其實對我們寫程式也沒什麼幫助...\n",
    "\n",
    "[Monty Python: Spam](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OVKXIfrGJE)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### List 串列\n",
    "\n",
    "串列是我們學到 Python 第一個和數據分析比較有關的資料型態。嚴格說起來, 其實是串列的親戚 array 才真的是我們重視的。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ham = [12, 33, 45, 83, 128]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 非常一致的 index 方式\n",
    "\n",
    "Python index 的方式, 從 list 到字串, 甚至到之後的 array, 基本上都是一樣的。所以我們可以用一樣的方式找出我們要的部份。\n",
    "\n",
    "![slicing](images/slicing.jpeg)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "spam = \"MATHEMATICS\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'HE'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "spam[3:5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "eggs = list(spam)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['M', 'A', 'T', 'H', 'E', 'M', 'A', 'T', 'I', 'C', 'S']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['H', 'E']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs[3:5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'M'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs[5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'M'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs[-6]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['H', 'E', 'M', 'A', 'T', 'I']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs[3:-2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['H', 'E', 'M', 'A', 'T', 'I', 'C', 'S']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs[3:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['M', 'A', 'T', 'H', 'E', 'M', 'A', 'T', 'I']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs[:-2]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['M', 'A', 'T', 'H', 'E', 'M', 'A', 'T', 'I', 'C', 'S']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs[:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 字典資料型態"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d = {'spam':'午餐肉', 'ham':'火腿', 'eggs':'蛋'}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'午餐肉'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "d['spam']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "午餐肉\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(d['spam'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 字串、串列的「計算」\n",
    "\n",
    "    eggs = 'ლ(╹◡╹ლ)'\n",
    "    ham = '(σ′▽‵)′▽‵)σ'\n",
    "    \n",
    "範例是由[顏文字卡](http://facemood.grtimed.com/)找來的。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "eggs = 'ლ(╹◡╹ლ)'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "ლ(╹◡╹ლ)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(eggs)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'ლ(╹◡╹ლ)ლ(╹◡╹ლ)ლ(╹◡╹ლ)ლ(╹◡╹ლ)ლ(╹◡╹ლ)'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs * 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ham = '(σ′▽‵)′▽‵)σ'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'(σ′▽‵)′▽‵)σლ(╹◡╹ლ)'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ham + eggs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'(σ′▽‵)′▽‵)σ          ლ(╹◡╹ლ)'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ham + ' '*10 + eggs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "不同型態的資料沒辦法直接加。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "must be str, not int",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m--------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                          Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-31-bc8f3cdbbe52>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mham\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m87\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0meggs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: must be str, not int"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ham + 87 + eggs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "spam = 87"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'(σ′▽‵)′▽‵)σ87ლ(╹◡╹ლ)'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ham + str(spam) + eggs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 02-02 基本輸入輸出\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "請輸入一個數字: 9487\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs = input('請輸入一個數字: ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'9487'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "94875"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "int(eggs) * 10 + 5"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "![拍拍機器人](images/pypy.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      ">> 今天我很難過\n",
      "拍拍\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs = input('>> ')\n",
    "print('拍拍')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 02-03 函數真的炫炫的\n",
    "\n",
    "這裡的函數和我們機器學習的函數意思不太一樣, 是指在電腦程式裡的函數。需要「重覆」型的工作, 我們就可以寫成一個函數來做。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def spam(eggs):\n",
    "    print(eggs)\n",
    "    print(87)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hi 你好\n",
      "87\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "spam('hi 你好')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "87\n",
      "87\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "spam(87)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 匯率換算順便 f-string\n",
    "\n",
    "Python 3.6 出現 f-string, 是 Python 使用 `print` 格式化新標準。使用上非常直覺簡單!\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def usd2twd(usd):\n",
    "    c = 30.867\n",
    "    twd = c * usd\n",
    "    print(f'{usd} 美金合台幣 {twd} 元')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "100 美金合台幣 3086.7000000000003 元\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "usd2twd(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "這樣太醜, 我們還是可以加入一些格式化參數選項。\n",
    "\n",
    "    {twd:.2f}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def usd2twd(usd):\n",
    "    c = 30.867\n",
    "    twd = c * usd\n",
    "    print(f'{usd} 美金合台幣 {twd:.2f} 元。')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "100 美金合台幣 3086.70 元。\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "usd2twd(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### return 其實才是標準的"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "100 美金合台幣 3086.70 元。\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = usd2twd(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def usd2twd(usd):\n",
    "    '''usd2twd(usd) 輸入 usd, 回傳 usd 合台幣多少'''\n",
    "    c = 30.867 # 美金匯率\n",
    "    twd = c * usd\n",
    "    return twd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3086.7000000000003"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "usd2twd(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a = usd2twd(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3086.7000000000003"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 02-04 基本條件判斷"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 > 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 60,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "'Z' > 'B'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 61,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 == 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "2 != 3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 標準的 if else"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      ">> 今天很快樂\n",
      "真好\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs = input('>> ')\n",
    "if eggs == 'bye':\n",
    "    print('Bye Bye')\n",
    "elif '快樂' in eggs:\n",
    "    print('真好')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('拍拍')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 02-05 一直做一直做的迴圈"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### while 迴圈"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      ">> 今天很難過\n",
      "拍拍\n",
      ">> 選課都選不到\n",
      "拍拍\n",
      ">> 只選到星期五什麼 Python 的\n",
      "拍拍\n",
      ">> bye\n",
      "再見!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eggs = ''\n",
    "\n",
    "while eggs != 'bye':\n",
    "    eggs = input('>> ')\n",
    "    if eggs == 'bye':\n",
    "        print('再見!')\n",
    "    elif '快樂' in eggs:\n",
    "        print('太好了!')\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('拍拍')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### for 迴圈基本上用 list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "31mm\n",
      "43mm\n",
      "77mm\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lens = ['31mm', '43mm', '77mm']\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in lens:\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 快速產生 list 的方法"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 67,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list(range(10))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 68,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list(range(3, 10))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "*\n",
      "**\n",
      "***\n",
      "****\n",
      "*****\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(1, 6):\n",
    "    print('*' * i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 02-06 耍寶練習時間\n",
    "\n",
    "可以清空 cell 顯示的指令 (Jupyter Notebook 指令)\n",
    "\n",
    "    from IPython.display import clear_output\n",
    "    \n",
    "時間套件 (Python 標準套件)\n",
    "\n",
    "    import time"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "    emoticon = 'ヽ(●´∀`●)ﾉ'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "       ヽ(●´∀`●)ﾉ\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from IPython.display import clear_output\n",
    "import time\n",
    "\n",
    "sp = 0\n",
    "emoticon = 'ヽ(●´∀`●)ﾉ'\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(25):\n",
    "    k = (-1)**np.random.randint(1,3)\n",
    "    sp = sp + k\n",
    "    if sp < 0:\n",
    "        sp = 0\n",
    "    elif sp > 50:\n",
    "        sp = 50\n",
    "    clear_output(wait=True)\n",
    "    print(' '*sp + emoticon)\n",
    "    time.sleep(0.5)"
   ]
  }
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