AccessibilityNodeObject.cpp

/*
* Copyright (C) 2012, Google Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
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*     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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*     its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
*     from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
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#include "config.h"
#include "AccessibilityNodeObject.h"

#include "AXLogger.h"
#include "AXObjectCache.h"
#include "AccessibilityImageMapLink.h"
#include "AccessibilityLabel.h"
#include "AccessibilityList.h"
#include "AccessibilityListBox.h"
#include "AccessibilitySpinButton.h"
#include "AccessibilityTable.h"
#include "Editing.h"
#include "ElementAncestorIteratorInlines.h"
#include "ElementChildIteratorInlines.h"
#include "Event.h"
#include "EventNames.h"
#include "FloatRect.h"
#include "FrameLoader.h"
#include "FrameSelection.h"
#include "HTMLAudioElement.h"
#include "HTMLCanvasElement.h"
#include "HTMLDetailsElement.h"
#include "HTMLFieldSetElement.h"
#include "HTMLFormElement.h"
#include "HTMLImageElement.h"
#include "HTMLInputElement.h"
#include "HTMLLabelElement.h"
#include "HTMLLegendElement.h"
#include "HTMLNames.h"
#include "HTMLOptionElement.h"
#include "HTMLParserIdioms.h"
#include "HTMLSelectElement.h"
#include "HTMLSummaryElement.h"
#include "HTMLTextAreaElement.h"
#include "HTMLTextFormControlElement.h"
#include "HTMLVideoElement.h"
#include "KeyboardEvent.h"
#include "LocalFrame.h"
#include "LocalFrameView.h"
#include "LocalizedStrings.h"
#include "MathMLElement.h"
#include "MathMLNames.h"
#include "NodeList.h"
#include "NodeTraversal.h"
#include "ProgressTracker.h"
#include "RenderImage.h"
#include "RenderView.h"
#include "SVGElement.h"
#include "Text.h"
#include "TextControlInnerElements.h"
#include "UserGestureIndicator.h"
#include "VisibleUnits.h"
#include <wtf/StdLibExtras.h>
#include <wtf/text/StringBuilder.h>
#include <wtf/unicode/CharacterNames.h>

namespace WebCore {

using namespace HTMLNames;

static String accessibleNameForNode(Node* node, Node* labelledbyNode = nullptr);

AccessibilityNodeObject::AccessibilityNodeObject(Node* node)
    : AccessibilityObject()
    , m_node(node)
{
}

AccessibilityNodeObject::~AccessibilityNodeObject()
{
    ASSERT(isDetached());
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::init()
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
    ASSERT(!m_initialized);
    m_initialized = true;
#endif
    m_role = determineAccessibilityRole();
}

Ref<AccessibilityNodeObject> AccessibilityNodeObject::create(Node& node)
{
    return adoptRef(*new AccessibilityNodeObject(&node));
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::detachRemoteParts(AccessibilityDetachmentType detachmentType)
{
    // AccessibilityObject calls clearChildren.
    AccessibilityObject::detachRemoteParts(detachmentType);
    m_node = nullptr;
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::updateRole()
{
    auto previousRole = m_role;
    m_role = determineAccessibilityRole();
    if (previousRole != m_role) {
        if (auto* cache = axObjectCache())
            cache->handleRoleChanged(this);
    }
}

AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::firstChild() const
{
    if (!node())
        return nullptr;
    
    Node* firstChild = node()->firstChild();

    if (!firstChild)
        return nullptr;

    auto objectCache = axObjectCache();
    return objectCache ? objectCache->getOrCreate(firstChild) : nullptr;
}

AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::lastChild() const
{
    if (!node())
        return nullptr;
    
    Node* lastChild = node()->lastChild();
    if (!lastChild)
        return nullptr;

    auto objectCache = axObjectCache();
    return objectCache ? objectCache->getOrCreate(lastChild) : nullptr;
}

AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::previousSibling() const
{
    if (!node())
        return nullptr;

    Node* previousSibling = node()->previousSibling();
    if (!previousSibling)
        return nullptr;

    auto objectCache = axObjectCache();
    return objectCache ? objectCache->getOrCreate(previousSibling) : nullptr;
}

AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::nextSibling() const
{
    if (!node())
        return nullptr;

    Node* nextSibling = node()->nextSibling();
    if (!nextSibling)
        return nullptr;

    auto objectCache = axObjectCache();
    return objectCache ? objectCache->getOrCreate(nextSibling) : nullptr;
}
    
AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::parentObjectIfExists() const
{
    return parentObject();
}
    
AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::ownerParentObject() const
{
    auto owners = this->owners();
    ASSERT(owners.size() <= 1);
    return owners.size() ? dynamicDowncast<AccessibilityObject>(owners.first().get()) : nullptr;
}

AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::parentObject() const
{
    if (!node())
        return nullptr;

    if (auto* ownerParent = ownerParentObject())
        return ownerParent;
    
    Node* parentObj = node()->parentNode();
    if (!parentObj)
        return nullptr;
    
    if (AXObjectCache* cache = axObjectCache())
        return cache->getOrCreate(parentObj);
    
    return nullptr;
}

LayoutRect AccessibilityNodeObject::elementRect() const
{
    return boundingBoxRect();
}

LayoutRect AccessibilityNodeObject::boundingBoxRect() const
{
    if (hasDisplayContents()) {
        LayoutRect contentsRect;
        for (const auto& child : const_cast<AccessibilityNodeObject*>(this)->children(false))
            contentsRect.unite(child->elementRect());

        if (!contentsRect.isEmpty())
            return contentsRect;
    }

    // Non-display:contents AccessibilityNodeObjects have no mechanism to return a size or position.
    // Instead, let's return a box at the position of an ancestor that does have a position, make it
    // the width of that ancestor, and about the height of a line of text, so it's clear this object is
    // a descendant of that ancestor.
    for (RefPtr<AccessibilityObject> ancestor = parentObject(); ancestor; ancestor = ancestor->parentObject()) {
        if (!is<AccessibilityRenderObject>(ancestor))
            continue;
        auto ancestorRect = ancestor->elementRect();
        if (ancestorRect.isEmpty())
            continue;

        return {
            ancestorRect.location(),
            LayoutSize(ancestorRect.width(), LayoutUnit(std::min(10.0f, ancestorRect.height().toFloat())))
        };
    }
    return { };
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::setNode(Node* node)
{
    m_node = node;
}

Document* AccessibilityNodeObject::document() const
{
    if (!node())
        return nullptr;
    return &node()->document();
}

AccessibilityRole AccessibilityNodeObject::determineAccessibilityRole()
{
    AXTRACE("AccessibilityNodeObject::determineAccessibilityRole"_s);
    if ((m_ariaRole = determineAriaRoleAttribute()) != AccessibilityRole::Unknown)
        return m_ariaRole;

    return determineAccessibilityRoleFromNode();
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::matchesTextAreaRole() const
{
    return is<HTMLTextAreaElement>(node()) || hasContentEditableAttributeSet();
}

AccessibilityRole AccessibilityNodeObject::determineAccessibilityRoleFromNode(TreatStyleFormatGroupAsInline treatStyleFormatGroupAsInline) const
{
    if (!node())
        return AccessibilityRole::Unknown;

    if (node()->isLink())
        return AccessibilityRole::WebCoreLink;
    if (node()->isTextNode())
        return AccessibilityRole::StaticText;
    if (node()->hasTagName(selectTag)) {
        auto& selectElement = downcast<HTMLSelectElement>(*node());
        return selectElement.multiple() ? AccessibilityRole::ListBox : AccessibilityRole::PopUpButton;
    }
    if (is<HTMLImageElement>(*node()) && downcast<HTMLImageElement>(*node()).hasAttributeWithoutSynchronization(usemapAttr))
        return AccessibilityRole::ImageMap;
    if (node()->hasTagName(liTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::ListItem;
    if (node()->hasTagName(buttonTag))
        return buttonRoleType();
    if (node()->hasTagName(legendTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Legend;
    if (node()->hasTagName(canvasTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Canvas;
    if (isFileUploadButton())
        return AccessibilityRole::Button;
    if (is<HTMLInputElement>(node())) {
        HTMLInputElement& input = downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node());
        if (input.isCheckbox())
            return AccessibilityRole::CheckBox;
        if (input.isRadioButton())
            return AccessibilityRole::RadioButton;
        if (input.isTextButton())
            return buttonRoleType();
        // On iOS, the date field and time field are popup buttons. On other platforms they are text fields.
#if PLATFORM(IOS_FAMILY)
        if (input.isDateField() || input.isTimeField())
            return AccessibilityRole::PopUpButton;
#endif
#if ENABLE(INPUT_TYPE_COLOR)
        if (input.isColorControl())
            return AccessibilityRole::ColorWell;
#endif
        if (input.isInputTypeHidden())
            return AccessibilityRole::Ignored;
        if (input.isRangeControl())
            return AccessibilityRole::Slider;
        if (input.isSearchField())
            return AccessibilityRole::SearchField;

        return AccessibilityRole::TextField;
    }

    if (matchesTextAreaRole())
        return AccessibilityRole::TextArea;

    if (headingLevel())
        return AccessibilityRole::Heading;

    if (node()->hasTagName(codeTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Code;
    if (node()->hasTagName(delTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Deletion;
    if (node()->hasTagName(insTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Insertion;
    if (node()->hasTagName(subTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Subscript;
    if (node()->hasTagName(supTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Superscript;
    if (isStyleFormatGroup())
        return treatStyleFormatGroupAsInline == TreatStyleFormatGroupAsInline::Yes ? AccessibilityRole::Inline : AccessibilityRole::TextGroup;

    if (node()->hasTagName(ddTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::DescriptionListDetail;
    if (node()->hasTagName(dtTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::DescriptionListTerm;
    if (node()->hasTagName(dlTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::DescriptionList;
    if (node()->hasTagName(olTag) || node()->hasTagName(ulTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::List;
    if (node()->hasTagName(fieldsetTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Group;
    if (node()->hasTagName(figureTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Figure;
    if (node()->hasTagName(pTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Paragraph;
    if (is<HTMLLabelElement>(node()))
        return AccessibilityRole::Label;
    if (node()->hasTagName(dfnTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Definition;
    if (node()->hasTagName(divTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Generic;
    if (is<HTMLFormElement>(node()))
        return AccessibilityRole::Form;
    if (node()->hasTagName(articleTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::DocumentArticle;
    if (node()->hasTagName(mainTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::LandmarkMain;
    if (node()->hasTagName(navTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::LandmarkNavigation;
    if (node()->hasTagName(asideTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::LandmarkComplementary;

    // The default role attribute value for the section element, region, became a landmark in ARIA 1.1.
    // The HTML AAM spec says it is "strongly recommended" that ATs only convey and provide navigation
    // for section elements which have names.
    if (node()->hasTagName(sectionTag))
        return hasAttribute(aria_labelAttr) || hasAttribute(aria_labelledbyAttr) ? AccessibilityRole::LandmarkRegion : AccessibilityRole::TextGroup;
    if (node()->hasTagName(addressTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Group;
    if (node()->hasTagName(blockquoteTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Blockquote;
    if (node()->hasTagName(captionTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Caption;
    if (node()->hasTagName(dialogTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::ApplicationDialog;
    if (node()->hasTagName(markTag) || equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(getAttribute(roleAttr), "mark"_s))
        return AccessibilityRole::Mark;
    if (node()->hasTagName(preTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Pre;
    if (is<HTMLDetailsElement>(node()))
        return AccessibilityRole::Details;
    if (auto* summaryElement = dynamicDowncast<HTMLSummaryElement>(node()); summaryElement && summaryElement->isActiveSummary())
        return AccessibilityRole::Summary;

    // http://rawgit.com/w3c/aria/master/html-aam/html-aam.html
    // Output elements should be mapped to status role.
    if (isOutput())
        return AccessibilityRole::ApplicationStatus;

#if ENABLE(VIDEO)
    if (is<HTMLVideoElement>(node()))
        return AccessibilityRole::Video;
    if (is<HTMLAudioElement>(node()))
        return AccessibilityRole::Audio;
#endif

#if ENABLE(MODEL_ELEMENT)
    if (node()->hasTagName(modelTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Model;
#endif

    // The HTML element should not be exposed as an element. That's what the RenderView element does.
    if (node()->hasTagName(htmlTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Ignored;

    // There should only be one banner/contentInfo per page. If header/footer are being used within an article or section
    // then it should not be exposed as whole page's banner/contentInfo
    if (node()->hasTagName(headerTag) && !isDescendantOfElementType({ articleTag, sectionTag }))
        return AccessibilityRole::LandmarkBanner;

    // http://webkit.org/b/190138 Footers should become contentInfo's if scoped to body (and consequently become a landmark).
    // It should remain a footer if scoped to main, sectioning elements (article, section) or root sectioning element (blockquote, details, dialog, fieldset, figure, td).
    if (node()->hasTagName(footerTag)) {
        if (!isDescendantOfElementType({ articleTag, sectionTag, mainTag, blockquoteTag, detailsTag, fieldsetTag, figureTag, tdTag }))
            return AccessibilityRole::LandmarkContentInfo;
        return AccessibilityRole::Footer;
    }

    // menu tags with toolbar type should have Toolbar role.
    if (node()->hasTagName(menuTag) && equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(getAttribute(typeAttr), "toolbar"_s))
        return AccessibilityRole::Toolbar;
    if (node()->hasTagName(timeTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::Time;
    if (node()->hasTagName(hrTag))
        return AccessibilityRole::HorizontalRule;

    // If the element does not have role, but it has ARIA attributes, or accepts tab focus, accessibility should fallback to exposing it as a group.
    if (supportsARIAAttributes() || canSetFocusAttribute())
        return AccessibilityRole::Group;
    if (is<Element>(*node()) && downcast<Element>(*node()).isFocusable())
        return AccessibilityRole::Group;

    return AccessibilityRole::Unknown;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isDescendantOfElementType(const HashSet<QualifiedName>& tagNames) const
{
    if (!m_node)
        return false;

    for (auto& ancestorElement : ancestorsOfType<Element>(*m_node)) {
        if (tagNames.contains(ancestorElement.tagQName()))
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::updateChildrenIfNecessary()
{
    if (needsToUpdateChildren())
        clearChildren();

    AccessibilityObject::updateChildrenIfNecessary();
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::clearChildren()
{
    AccessibilityObject::clearChildren();
    m_childrenDirty = false;
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::updateOwnedChildren()
{
    for (RefPtr child : ownedObjects()) {
        // If the child already exists as a DOM child, but is also in the owned objects, then
        // we need to re-order this child in the aria-owns order.
        m_children.removeFirst(child);
        addChild(child.get());
    }
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::addChildren()
{
    // If the need to add more children in addition to existing children arises, 
    // childrenChanged should have been called, leaving the object with no children.
    ASSERT(!m_childrenInitialized); 
    
    if (!m_node)
        return;

    m_childrenInitialized = true;

    // The only time we add children from the DOM tree to a node with a renderer is when it's a canvas.
    if (renderer() && !node()->hasTagName(canvasTag))
        return;

    auto objectCache = axObjectCache();
    if (!objectCache)
        return;

    for (auto* child = node()->firstChild(); child; child = child->nextSibling())
        addChild(objectCache->getOrCreate(child));
    
    updateOwnedChildren();
    m_subtreeDirty = false;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::canHaveChildren() const
{
    // If this is an AccessibilityRenderObject, then it's okay if this object
    // doesn't have a node - there are some renderers that don't have associated
    // nodes, like scroll areas and css-generated text.
    if (!node() && !isAccessibilityRenderObject())
        return false;

    // When <noscript> is not being used (its renderer() == 0), ignore its children.
    if (node() && !renderer() && node()->hasTagName(noscriptTag))
        return false;

    // Elements that should not have children.
    switch (roleValue()) {
    case AccessibilityRole::Button:
    case AccessibilityRole::PopUpButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::CheckBox:
    case AccessibilityRole::RadioButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::Tab:
    case AccessibilityRole::ToggleButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::StaticText:
    case AccessibilityRole::ListBoxOption:
    case AccessibilityRole::ScrollBar:
    case AccessibilityRole::ProgressIndicator:
    case AccessibilityRole::Switch:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemCheckbox:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemRadio:
    case AccessibilityRole::Splitter:
    case AccessibilityRole::Meter:
        return false;
    default:
        return true;
    }
}

AXCoreObject::AccessibilityChildrenVector AccessibilityNodeObject::visibleChildren()
{
    // Only listboxes are asked for their visible children.
    // Native list boxes would be AccessibilityListBoxes, so only check for aria list boxes.
    if (ariaRoleAttribute() != AccessibilityRole::ListBox)
        return { };

    if (!childrenInitialized())
        addChildren();

    AccessibilityChildrenVector result;
    for (const auto& child : children()) {
        if (!child->isOffScreen())
            result.append(child);
    }
    return result;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::computeAccessibilityIsIgnored() const
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
    // Double-check that an AccessibilityObject is never accessed before
    // it's been initialized.
    ASSERT(m_initialized);
#endif

    // Handle non-rendered text that is exposed through aria-hidden=false.
    if (node() && node()->isTextNode() && !renderer()) {
        // Fallback content in iframe nodes should be ignored.
        if (node()->parentNode() && node()->parentNode()->hasTagName(iframeTag) && node()->parentNode()->renderer())
            return true;

        // Whitespace only text elements should be ignored when they have no renderer.
        String string = stringValue().stripWhiteSpace().simplifyWhiteSpace();
        if (!string.length())
            return true;
    }

    AccessibilityObjectInclusion decision = defaultObjectInclusion();
    if (decision == AccessibilityObjectInclusion::IncludeObject)
        return false;
    if (decision == AccessibilityObjectInclusion::IgnoreObject)
        return true;
    // If this element is within a parent that cannot have children, it should not be exposed.
    if (isDescendantOfBarrenParent())
        return true;

    if (roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::Ignored)
        return true;
    
    return m_role == AccessibilityRole::Unknown;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::canvasHasFallbackContent() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!is<HTMLCanvasElement>(node))
        return false;
    HTMLCanvasElement& canvasElement = downcast<HTMLCanvasElement>(*node);
    // If it has any children that are elements, we'll assume it might be fallback
    // content. If it has no children or its only children are not elements
    // (e.g. just text nodes), it doesn't have fallback content.
    return childrenOfType<Element>(canvasElement).first();
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isNativeTextControl() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return false;

    if (is<HTMLTextAreaElement>(node))
        return true;

    auto* input = dynamicDowncast<HTMLInputElement>(node);
    return input && (input->isText() || input->isNumberField());
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isSearchField() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return false;

    if (roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::SearchField)
        return true;

    if (!is<HTMLInputElement>(*node))
        return false;

    auto& inputElement = downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node);

    // Some websites don't label their search fields as such. However, they will
    // use the word "search" in either the form or input type. This won't catch every case,
    // but it will catch google.com for example.

    // Check the node name of the input type, sometimes it's "search".
    const AtomString& nameAttribute = getAttribute(nameAttr);
    if (nameAttribute.containsIgnoringASCIICase("search"_s))
        return true;

    // Check the form action and the name, which will sometimes be "search".
    auto* form = inputElement.form();
    if (form && (form->name().containsIgnoringASCIICase("search"_s) || form->action().containsIgnoringASCIICase("search"_s)))
        return true;

    return false;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isNativeImage() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return false;

    if (is<HTMLImageElement>(*node))
        return true;

    if (node->hasTagName(appletTag) || node->hasTagName(embedTag) || node->hasTagName(objectTag))
        return true;

    if (is<HTMLInputElement>(*node)) {
        HTMLInputElement& input = downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node);
        return input.isImageButton();
    }

    return false;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isSecureField() const
{
    RefPtr input = dynamicDowncast<HTMLInputElement>(node());
    if (!input || ariaRoleAttribute() != AccessibilityRole::Unknown)
        return false;

    return input->isSecureField();
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isInputImage() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (is<HTMLInputElement>(node) && roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::Button) {
        HTMLInputElement& input = downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node);
        return input.isImageButton();
    }

    return false;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isProgressIndicator() const
{
    return roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::ProgressIndicator || roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::Meter;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isEnabled() const
{
    // ARIA says that the disabled status applies to the current element and all descendant elements.
    for (AccessibilityObject* object = const_cast<AccessibilityNodeObject*>(this); object; object = object->parentObject()) {
        const AtomString& disabledStatus = object->getAttribute(aria_disabledAttr);
        if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(disabledStatus, "true"_s))
            return false;
        if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(disabledStatus, "false"_s))
            break;
    }
    
    if (roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::HorizontalRule)
        return false;
    
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!is<Element>(node))
        return true;

    return !downcast<Element>(*node).isDisabledFormControl();
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isIndeterminate() const
{
    if (supportsCheckedState())
        return checkboxOrRadioValue() == AccessibilityButtonState::Mixed;

    // We handle this for native <progress> elements in AccessibilityProgressIndicator::isIndeterminate.
    if (ariaRoleAttribute() == AccessibilityRole::ProgressIndicator)
        return !hasARIAValueNow();

    return false;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isPressed() const
{
    if (!isButton())
        return false;

    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return false;

    // If this is an toggle button, check the aria-pressed attribute rather than node()->active()
    if (isToggleButton())
        return equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(getAttribute(aria_pressedAttr), "true"_s);

    if (!is<Element>(*node))
        return false;
    return downcast<Element>(*node).active();
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isChecked() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return false;

    // First test for native checkedness semantics
    if (is<HTMLInputElement>(*node))
        return downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node).shouldAppearChecked();

    // Else, if this is an ARIA checkbox or radio, respect the aria-checked attribute
    bool validRole = false;
    switch (ariaRoleAttribute()) {
    case AccessibilityRole::RadioButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::CheckBox:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItem:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemCheckbox:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemRadio:
    case AccessibilityRole::Switch:
    case AccessibilityRole::TreeItem:
        validRole = true;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    
    if (validRole && equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(getAttribute(aria_checkedAttr), "true"_s))
        return true;

    return false;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isHovered() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    return is<Element>(node) && downcast<Element>(*node).hovered();
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isMultiSelectable() const
{
    const AtomString& ariaMultiSelectable = getAttribute(aria_multiselectableAttr);
    if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(ariaMultiSelectable, "true"_s))
        return true;
    if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(ariaMultiSelectable, "false"_s))
        return false;
    
    return node() && node()->hasTagName(selectTag) && downcast<HTMLSelectElement>(*node()).multiple();
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isRequired() const
{
    // Explicit aria-required values should trump native required attributes.
    const AtomString& requiredValue = getAttribute(aria_requiredAttr);
    if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(requiredValue, "true"_s))
        return true;
    if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(requiredValue, "false"_s))
        return false;

    Node* n = this->node();
    if (is<HTMLFormControlElement>(n))
        return downcast<HTMLFormControlElement>(*n).isRequired();

    return false;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::supportsRequiredAttribute() const
{
    switch (roleValue()) {
    case AccessibilityRole::Button:
        return isFileUploadButton();
    case AccessibilityRole::Cell:
    case AccessibilityRole::ColumnHeader:
    case AccessibilityRole::CheckBox:
    case AccessibilityRole::ComboBox:
    case AccessibilityRole::Grid:
    case AccessibilityRole::GridCell:
    case AccessibilityRole::Incrementor:
    case AccessibilityRole::ListBox:
    case AccessibilityRole::PopUpButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::RadioButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::RadioGroup:
    case AccessibilityRole::RowHeader:
    case AccessibilityRole::Slider:
    case AccessibilityRole::SpinButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::TableHeaderContainer:
    case AccessibilityRole::TextArea:
    case AccessibilityRole::TextField:
    case AccessibilityRole::ToggleButton:
        return true;
    default:
        return false;
    }
}

unsigned AccessibilityNodeObject::headingLevel() const
{
    // headings can be in block flow and non-block flow
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return 0;

    if (isHeading()) {
        if (auto level = getIntegralAttribute(aria_levelAttr); level > 0)
            return level;
    }

    if (node->hasTagName(h1Tag))
        return 1;

    if (node->hasTagName(h2Tag))
        return 2;

    if (node->hasTagName(h3Tag))
        return 3;

    if (node->hasTagName(h4Tag))
        return 4;

    if (node->hasTagName(h5Tag))
        return 5;

    if (node->hasTagName(h6Tag))
        return 6;

    // The implicit value of aria-level is 2 for the heading role.
    // https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#heading
    if (ariaRoleAttribute() == AccessibilityRole::Heading)
        return 2;

    return 0;
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::valueDescription() const
{
    if (!isRangeControl())
        return String();

    return getAttribute(aria_valuetextAttr).string();
}

float AccessibilityNodeObject::valueForRange() const
{
    if (is<HTMLInputElement>(node())) {
        HTMLInputElement& input = downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node());
        if (input.isRangeControl())
            return input.valueAsNumber();
    }

    if (!isRangeControl())
        return 0.0f;

    // In ARIA 1.1, the implicit value for aria-valuenow on a spin button is 0.
    // For other roles, it is half way between aria-valuemin and aria-valuemax.
    auto& value = getAttribute(aria_valuenowAttr);
    if (!value.isEmpty())
        return value.toFloat();

    return isSpinButton() ? 0 : (minValueForRange() + maxValueForRange()) / 2;
}

float AccessibilityNodeObject::maxValueForRange() const
{
    if (is<HTMLInputElement>(node())) {
        HTMLInputElement& input = downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node());
        if (input.isRangeControl())
            return input.maximum();
    }

    if (!isRangeControl())
        return 0.0f;

    auto& value = getAttribute(aria_valuemaxAttr);
    if (!value.isEmpty())
        return value.toFloat();

    // In ARIA 1.1, the implicit value for aria-valuemax on a spin button
    // is that there is no maximum value. For other roles, it is 100.
    return isSpinButton() ? std::numeric_limits<float>::max() : 100.0f;
}

float AccessibilityNodeObject::minValueForRange() const
{
    if (is<HTMLInputElement>(node())) {
        HTMLInputElement& input = downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node());
        if (input.isRangeControl())
            return input.minimum();
    }

    if (!isRangeControl())
        return 0.0f;

    auto& value = getAttribute(aria_valueminAttr);
    if (!value.isEmpty())
        return value.toFloat();

    // In ARIA 1.1, the implicit value for aria-valuemin on a spin button
    // is that there is no minimum value. For other roles, it is 0.
    return isSpinButton() ? -std::numeric_limits<float>::max() : 0.0f;
}

float AccessibilityNodeObject::stepValueForRange() const
{
    return getAttribute(stepAttr).toFloat();
}

AccessibilityOrientation AccessibilityNodeObject::orientation() const
{
    const AtomString& ariaOrientation = getAttribute(aria_orientationAttr);
    if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(ariaOrientation, "horizontal"_s))
        return AccessibilityOrientation::Horizontal;
    if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(ariaOrientation, "vertical"_s))
        return AccessibilityOrientation::Vertical;
    if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(ariaOrientation, "undefined"_s))
        return AccessibilityOrientation::Undefined;

    // In ARIA 1.1, the implicit value of aria-orientation changed from horizontal
    // to undefined on all roles that don't have their own role-specific values. In
    // addition, the implicit value of combobox became undefined.
    if (isComboBox() || isRadioGroup() || isTreeGrid())
        return AccessibilityOrientation::Undefined;

    if (isScrollbar() || isListBox() || isMenu() || isTree())
        return AccessibilityOrientation::Vertical;

    if (isMenuBar() || isSplitter() || isTabList() || isToolbar() || isSlider())
        return AccessibilityOrientation::Horizontal;

    return AccessibilityObject::orientation();
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isLink() const
{
    return roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::WebCoreLink;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isBusy() const
{
    return elementAttributeValue(aria_busyAttr);
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isControl() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return false;

    return is<HTMLFormControlElement>(*node) || AccessibilityObject::isARIAControl(ariaRoleAttribute()) || roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::Button;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isFieldset() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return false;

    return node->hasTagName(fieldsetTag);
}

AccessibilityButtonState AccessibilityNodeObject::checkboxOrRadioValue() const
{
    if (auto* input = dynamicDowncast<HTMLInputElement>(node()); input && (input->isCheckbox() || input->isRadioButton()))
        return input->indeterminate() ? AccessibilityButtonState::Mixed : isChecked() ? AccessibilityButtonState::On : AccessibilityButtonState::Off;

    return AccessibilityObject::checkboxOrRadioValue();
}

Element* AccessibilityNodeObject::anchorElement() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return nullptr;

    AXObjectCache* cache = axObjectCache();
    if (!cache)
        return nullptr;

    // search up the DOM tree for an anchor element
    // NOTE: this assumes that any non-image with an anchor is an HTMLAnchorElement
    for ( ; node; node = node->parentNode()) {
        if (is<HTMLAnchorElement>(*node) || (node->renderer() && cache->getOrCreate(node->renderer())->isLink()))
            return downcast<Element>(node);
    }

    return nullptr;
}

static bool isNodeActionElement(Node* node)
{
    if (is<HTMLInputElement>(*node)) {
        HTMLInputElement& input = downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node);
        if (!input.isDisabledFormControl() && (input.isRadioButton() || input.isCheckbox() || input.isTextButton() || input.isFileUpload() || input.isImageButton()))
            return true;
    } else if (node->hasTagName(buttonTag) || node->hasTagName(selectTag))
        return true;

    return false;
}
    
static Element* nativeActionElement(Node* start)
{
    if (!start)
        return nullptr;
    
    // Do a deep-dive to see if any nodes should be used as the action element.
    // We have to look at Nodes, since this method should only be called on objects that do not have children (like buttons).
    // It solves the problem when authors put role="button" on a group and leave the actual button inside the group.
    
    for (Node* child = start->firstChild(); child; child = child->nextSibling()) {
        if (isNodeActionElement(child))
            return downcast<Element>(child);

        if (Element* subChild = nativeActionElement(child))
            return subChild;
    }
    return nullptr;
}
    
Element* AccessibilityNodeObject::actionElement() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return nullptr;

    if (isNodeActionElement(node))
        return downcast<Element>(node);
    
    if (AccessibilityObject::isARIAInput(ariaRoleAttribute()))
        return downcast<Element>(node);

    switch (roleValue()) {
    case AccessibilityRole::Button:
    case AccessibilityRole::PopUpButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::ToggleButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::Tab:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItem:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemCheckbox:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemRadio:
    case AccessibilityRole::ListItem:
        // Check if the author is hiding the real control element inside the ARIA element.
        if (Element* nativeElement = nativeActionElement(node))
            return nativeElement;
        return downcast<Element>(node);
    default:
        break;
    }
    
    Element* elt = anchorElement();
    if (!elt)
        elt = mouseButtonListener();
    return elt;
}

Element* AccessibilityNodeObject::mouseButtonListener(MouseButtonListenerResultFilter filter) const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return nullptr;

    // check if our parent is a mouse button listener
    // FIXME: Do the continuation search like anchorElement does
    for (auto& element : lineageOfType<Element>(is<Element>(*node) ? downcast<Element>(*node) : *node->parentElement())) {
        // If we've reached the body and this is not a control element, do not expose press action for this element unless filter is IncludeBodyElement.
        // It can cause false positives, where every piece of text is labeled as accepting press actions.
        if (element.hasTagName(bodyTag) && isStaticText() && filter == ExcludeBodyElement)
            break;
        
        if (element.hasEventListeners(eventNames().clickEvent) || element.hasEventListeners(eventNames().mousedownEvent) || element.hasEventListeners(eventNames().mouseupEvent))
            return &element;
    }

    return nullptr;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isDescendantOfBarrenParent() const
{
    if (!m_isIgnoredFromParentData.isNull())
        return m_isIgnoredFromParentData.isDescendantOfBarrenParent;
    
    for (AccessibilityObject* object = parentObject(); object; object = object->parentObject()) {
        if (!object->canHaveChildren())
            return true;
    }

    return false;
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::alterRangeValue(StepAction stepAction)
{
    if (roleValue() != AccessibilityRole::Slider && roleValue() != AccessibilityRole::SpinButton)
        return;
    
    auto element = this->element();
    if (!element || element->isDisabledFormControl())
        return;

    if (!getAttribute(stepAttr).isEmpty())
        changeValueByStep(stepAction);
    else
        changeValueByPercent(stepAction == StepAction::Increment ? 5 : -5);
}
    
void AccessibilityNodeObject::increment()
{
    UserGestureIndicator gestureIndicator(ProcessingUserGesture, document());
    alterRangeValue(StepAction::Increment);
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::decrement()
{
    UserGestureIndicator gestureIndicator(ProcessingUserGesture, document());
    alterRangeValue(StepAction::Decrement);
}

static bool dispatchSimulatedKeyboardUpDownEvent(AccessibilityObject* object, const KeyboardEvent::Init& keyInit)
{
    // In case the keyboard event causes this element to be removed.
    Ref<AccessibilityObject> protectedObject(*object);
    
    bool handled = false;
    if (auto* node = object->node()) {
        auto event = KeyboardEvent::create(eventNames().keydownEvent, keyInit, Event::IsTrusted::Yes);
        node->dispatchEvent(event);
        handled |= event->defaultHandled();
    }
    
    // Ensure node is still valid and wasn't removed after the keydown.
    if (auto* node = object->node()) {
        auto event = KeyboardEvent::create(eventNames().keyupEvent, keyInit, Event::IsTrusted::Yes);
        node->dispatchEvent(event);
        handled |= event->defaultHandled();
    }
    return handled;
}

static void InitializeLegacyKeyInitProperties(KeyboardEvent::Init &keyInit, const AccessibilityObject& object)
{
    keyInit.which = keyInit.keyCode;
    keyInit.code = keyInit.key;

    keyInit.view = object.document()->windowProxy();
    keyInit.cancelable = true;
    keyInit.composed = true;
    keyInit.bubbles = true;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::performDismissAction()
{
    auto keyInit = KeyboardEvent::Init();
    keyInit.key = "Escape"_s;
    keyInit.keyCode = 0x1b;
    keyInit.keyIdentifier = "U+001B"_s;
    InitializeLegacyKeyInitProperties(keyInit, *this);

    return dispatchSimulatedKeyboardUpDownEvent(this, keyInit);
}

// Fire a keyboard event if we were not able to set this value natively.
bool AccessibilityNodeObject::postKeyboardKeysForValueChange(StepAction stepAction)
{
    auto keyInit = KeyboardEvent::Init();
    bool isLTR = page()->userInterfaceLayoutDirection() == UserInterfaceLayoutDirection::LTR;
    // https://w3c.github.io/aria/#spinbutton
    // `spinbutton` elements don't have an implicit orientation, but the spec does say:
    //     > Authors SHOULD also ensure the up and down arrows on a keyboard perform the increment and decrement functions
    // So let's force a vertical orientation for `spinbutton`s so we simulate the correct keypress (either up or down).
    bool vertical = orientation() == AccessibilityOrientation::Vertical || roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::SpinButton;

    // The goal is to mimic existing keyboard dispatch completely, so that this is indistinguishable from a real key press.
    typedef enum { left = 37, up = 38, right = 39, down = 40 } keyCode;
    keyInit.key = stepAction == StepAction::Increment ? (vertical ? "ArrowUp"_s : (isLTR ? "ArrowRight"_s : "ArrowLeft"_s)) : (vertical ? "ArrowDown"_s : (isLTR ? "ArrowLeft"_s : "ArrowRight"_s));
    keyInit.keyCode = stepAction == StepAction::Increment ? (vertical ? keyCode::up : (isLTR ? keyCode::right : keyCode::left)) : (vertical ? keyCode::down : (isLTR ? keyCode::left : keyCode::right));
    keyInit.keyIdentifier = stepAction == StepAction::Increment ? (vertical ? "Up"_s : (isLTR ? "Right"_s : "Left"_s)) : (vertical ? "Down"_s : (isLTR ? "Left"_s : "Right"_s));

    InitializeLegacyKeyInitProperties(keyInit, *this);

    return dispatchSimulatedKeyboardUpDownEvent(this, keyInit);
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::setNodeValue(StepAction stepAction, float value)
{
    bool didSet = setValue(String::number(value));
    
    if (didSet) {
        if (auto* cache = axObjectCache())
            cache->postNotification(this, document(), AXObjectCache::AXValueChanged);
    } else
        postKeyboardKeysForValueChange(stepAction);
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::changeValueByStep(StepAction stepAction)
{
    float step = stepValueForRange();
    float value = valueForRange();

    value += stepAction == StepAction::Increment ? step : -step;
    setNodeValue(stepAction, value);
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::changeValueByPercent(float percentChange)
{
    if (!percentChange)
        return;

    float range = maxValueForRange() - minValueForRange();
    float step = range * (percentChange / 100);
    float value = valueForRange();

    // Make sure the specified percent will cause a change of one integer step or larger.
    if (std::abs(step) < 1)
        step = std::abs(percentChange) * (1 / percentChange);

    value += step;
    setNodeValue(percentChange > 0 ? StepAction::Increment : StepAction::Decrement, value);
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::elementAttributeValue(const QualifiedName& attributeName) const
{
    return equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(getAttribute(attributeName), "true"_s);
}

const String AccessibilityNodeObject::liveRegionStatus() const
{
    const auto& liveRegionStatus = getAttribute(aria_liveAttr);
    if (liveRegionStatus.isEmpty())
        return defaultLiveRegionStatusForRole(roleValue());

    return liveRegionStatus;
}

const String AccessibilityNodeObject::liveRegionRelevant() const
{
    const auto& relevant = getAttribute(aria_relevantAttr);
    // Default aria-relevant = "additions text".
    if (relevant.isEmpty())
        return "additions text"_s;

    return relevant;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::liveRegionAtomic() const
{
    const auto& atomic = getAttribute(aria_atomicAttr);
    if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(atomic, "true"_s))
        return true;
    if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(atomic, "false"_s))
        return false;

    // WAI-ARIA "alert" and "status" roles have an implicit aria-atomic value of true.
    switch (roleValue()) {
    case AccessibilityRole::ApplicationAlert:
    case AccessibilityRole::ApplicationStatus:
        return true;
    default:
        return false;
    }
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isGenericFocusableElement() const
{
    if (!canSetFocusAttribute())
        return false;

    // If it's a control, it's not generic.
    if (isControl())
        return false;
    
    AccessibilityRole role = roleValue();
    if (role == AccessibilityRole::Video || role == AccessibilityRole::Audio)
        return false;

    // If it has an aria role, it's not generic.
    if (m_ariaRole != AccessibilityRole::Unknown)
        return false;

    // If the content editable attribute is set on this element, that's the reason
    // it's focusable, and existing logic should handle this case already - so it's not a
    // generic focusable element.

    if (hasContentEditableAttributeSet())
        return false;

    // The web area and body element are both focusable, but existing logic handles these
    // cases already, so we don't need to include them here.
    if (role == AccessibilityRole::WebArea)
        return false;
    if (node() && node()->hasTagName(bodyTag))
        return false;

    // An SVG root is focusable by default, but it's probably not interactive, so don't
    // include it. It can still be made accessible by giving it an ARIA role.
    if (role == AccessibilityRole::SVGRoot)
        return false;

    return true;
}

AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::correspondingControlForLabelElement() const
{
    auto* labelElement = labelElementContainer();
    if (!labelElement)
        return nullptr;

    auto correspondingControl = labelElement->control();
    if (!correspondingControl)
        return nullptr;

    // Make sure the corresponding control isn't a descendant of this label that's in the middle of being destroyed.
    if (correspondingControl->renderer() && !correspondingControl->renderer()->parent())
        return nullptr;

    return axObjectCache()->getOrCreate(correspondingControl.get());
}

AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::correspondingLabelForControlElement() const
{
    // ARIA: section 2A, bullet #3 says if aria-labeledby or aria-label appears, it should
    // override the "label" element association.
    if (hasTextAlternative())
        return nullptr;

    if (auto* element = dynamicDowncast<HTMLElement>(node())) {
        if (auto* label = labelForElement(element))
            return axObjectCache()->getOrCreate(label);
    }
    return nullptr;
}

HTMLLabelElement* AccessibilityNodeObject::labelForElement(Element* element) const
{
    if (!is<HTMLElement>(*element) || !downcast<HTMLElement>(*element).isLabelable())
        return nullptr;

    const AtomString& id = element->getIdAttribute();
    if (!id.isEmpty()) {
        if (HTMLLabelElement* label = element->treeScope().labelElementForId(id))
            return label;
    }

    if (auto* nearestLabel = ancestorsOfType<HTMLLabelElement>(*element).first()) {
        // Only use the nearest label if it isn't pointing at something else.
        const auto& forAttribute = nearestLabel->attributeWithoutSynchronization(forAttr);
        if (forAttribute.isEmpty() || forAttribute == id)
            return nearestLabel;
    }
    return nullptr;
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::ariaAccessibilityDescription() const
{
    String ariaLabeledBy = ariaLabeledByAttribute();
    if (!ariaLabeledBy.isEmpty())
        return ariaLabeledBy;

    const AtomString& ariaLabel = getAttribute(aria_labelAttr);
    if (!ariaLabel.isEmpty())
        return ariaLabel;

    return String();
}

static Element* siblingWithAriaRole(Node* node, ASCIILiteral role)
{
    // FIXME: Either we should add a null check here or change the function to take a reference instead of a pointer.
    ContainerNode* parent = node->parentNode();
    if (!parent)
        return nullptr;

    for (auto& sibling : childrenOfType<Element>(*parent)) {
        // FIXME: Should skip sibling that is the same as the node.
        if (equalIgnoringASCIICase(sibling.attributeWithoutSynchronization(roleAttr), role))
            return &sibling;
    }

    return nullptr;
}

Element* AccessibilityNodeObject::menuElementForMenuButton() const
{
    if (ariaRoleAttribute() != AccessibilityRole::MenuButton)
        return nullptr;

    return siblingWithAriaRole(node(), "menu"_s);
}

AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::menuForMenuButton() const
{
    if (AXObjectCache* cache = axObjectCache())
        return cache->getOrCreate(menuElementForMenuButton());
    return nullptr;
}

Element* AccessibilityNodeObject::menuItemElementForMenu() const
{
    if (ariaRoleAttribute() != AccessibilityRole::Menu)
        return nullptr;
    
    return siblingWithAriaRole(node(), "menuitem"_s);
}

AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::menuButtonForMenu() const
{
    AXObjectCache* cache = axObjectCache();
    if (!cache)
        return nullptr;

    Element* menuItem = menuItemElementForMenu();

    if (menuItem) {
        // ARIA just has generic menu items. AppKit needs to know if this is a top level items like MenuBarButton or MenuBarItem
        AccessibilityObject* menuItemAX = cache->getOrCreate(menuItem);
        if (menuItemAX && menuItemAX->isMenuButton())
            return menuItemAX;
    }
    return nullptr;
}

AccessibilityObject* AccessibilityNodeObject::captionForFigure() const
{
    if (!isFigureElement())
        return nullptr;
    
    AXObjectCache* cache = axObjectCache();
    if (!cache)
        return nullptr;
    
    Node* node = this->node();
    for (Node* child = node->firstChild(); child; child = child->nextSibling()) {
        if (child->hasTagName(figcaptionTag))
            return cache->getOrCreate(child);
    }
    return nullptr;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::usesAltTagForTextComputation() const
{
    bool usesAltTag = isImage() || isInputImage() || isNativeImage() || isCanvas() || (node() && node()->hasTagName(imgTag));
#if ENABLE(MODEL_ELEMENT)
    usesAltTag |= isModel();
#endif
    return usesAltTag;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isLabelable() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return false;
    
    return is<HTMLInputElement>(*node) || isControl() || isProgressIndicator() || isMeter();
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::textForLabelElement(Element* element) const
{
    String result = String();
    if (!is<HTMLLabelElement>(*element))
        return result;

    auto objectCache = axObjectCache();
    if (!objectCache)
        return result;

    HTMLLabelElement* label = downcast<HTMLLabelElement>(element);
    // Check to see if there's aria-labelledby attribute on the label element.
    if (AccessibilityObject* labelObject = objectCache->getOrCreate(label))
        result = labelObject->ariaLabeledByAttribute();
    
    return !result.isEmpty() ? result : accessibleNameForNode(label);
}

HTMLLabelElement* AccessibilityNodeObject::labelElementContainer() const
{
    // The control element should not be considered part of the label.
    if (isControl())
        return nullptr;

    // Find an ancestor label element.
    for (auto* parentNode = node(); parentNode; parentNode = parentNode->parentNode()) {
        if (is<HTMLLabelElement>(*parentNode))
            return downcast<HTMLLabelElement>(parentNode);
    }
    return nullptr;
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::titleElementText(Vector<AccessibilityText>& textOrder) const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return;
    
    if (isLabelable()) {
        if (HTMLLabelElement* label = labelForElement(downcast<Element>(node))) {
            String innerText = textForLabelElement(label);

            auto objectCache = axObjectCache();
            // Only use the <label> text if there's no ARIA override.
            if (objectCache && !innerText.isEmpty() && !ariaAccessibilityDescription())
                textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(innerText, isMeter() ? AccessibilityTextSource::Alternative : AccessibilityTextSource::LabelByElement));
            return;
        }
    }
    
    AccessibilityObject* titleUIElement = this->titleUIElement();
    if (titleUIElement)
        textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(String(), AccessibilityTextSource::LabelByElement));
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::exposesTitleUIElement() const
{
    if (!isControl() && !isFigureElement())
        return false;

    // If this control is ignored (because it's invisible),
    // then the label needs to be exposed so it can be visible to accessibility.
    if (accessibilityIsIgnored())
        return true;

    // When controls have their own descriptions, the title element should be ignored.
    if (hasTextAlternative())
        return false;

    // When <label> element has aria-label or aria-labelledby on it, we shouldn't expose it as the
    // titleUIElement, otherwise its inner text will be announced by a screenreader.
    if (isLabelable()) {
        if (auto* label = labelForElement(dynamicDowncast<Element>(node()))) {
            if (!label->attributeWithoutSynchronization(aria_labelAttr).isEmpty())
                return false;
            if (AccessibilityObject* labelObject = axObjectCache()->getOrCreate(label)) {
                if (!labelObject->ariaLabeledByAttribute().isEmpty())
                    return false;
                // To simplify instances where the labeling element includes widget descendants
                // which it does not label.
                if (is<AccessibilityLabel>(*labelObject)
                    && downcast<AccessibilityLabel>(*labelObject).containsUnrelatedControls())
                    return false;
            }
        }
    }
    return true;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::hasTextAlternative() const
{
    // ARIA: section 2A, bullet #3 says if aria-labeledby or aria-label appears, it should
    // override the "label" element association.
    return ariaAccessibilityDescription().length();
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::alternativeText(Vector<AccessibilityText>& textOrder) const
{
    if (isWebArea()) {
        String webAreaText = alternativeTextForWebArea();
        if (!webAreaText.isEmpty())
            textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(webAreaText, AccessibilityTextSource::Alternative));
        return;
    }
    
    ariaLabeledByText(textOrder);
    
    const AtomString& ariaLabel = getAttribute(aria_labelAttr);
    if (!ariaLabel.isEmpty())
        textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(ariaLabel, AccessibilityTextSource::Alternative));
    
    if (usesAltTagForTextComputation()) {
        if (is<RenderImage>(renderer())) {
            String renderAltText = downcast<RenderImage>(*renderer()).altText();

            // RenderImage will return title as a fallback from altText, but we don't want title here because we consider that in helpText.
            if (!renderAltText.isEmpty() && renderAltText != getAttribute(titleAttr)) {
                textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(renderAltText, AccessibilityTextSource::Alternative));
                return;
            }
        }
        // Images should use alt as long as the attribute is present, even if empty.
        // Otherwise, it should fallback to other methods, like the title attribute.
        const AtomString& alt = getAttribute(altAttr);
        if (!alt.isEmpty())
            textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(alt, AccessibilityTextSource::Alternative));
    }
    
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return;
    
    auto objectCache = axObjectCache();
    // The fieldset element derives its alternative text from the first associated legend element if one is available.
    if (objectCache && is<HTMLFieldSetElement>(*node)) {
        AccessibilityObject* object = objectCache->getOrCreate(downcast<HTMLFieldSetElement>(*node).legend());
        if (object && !object->isHidden())
            textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(accessibleNameForNode(object->node()), AccessibilityTextSource::Alternative));
    }
    
    // The figure element derives its alternative text from the first associated figcaption element if one is available.
    if (isFigureElement()) {
        AccessibilityObject* captionForFigure = this->captionForFigure();
        if (captionForFigure && !captionForFigure->isHidden())
            textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(accessibleNameForNode(captionForFigure->node()), AccessibilityTextSource::Alternative));
    }
    
    // Tree items missing a label are labeled by all child elements.
    if (isTreeItem() && ariaLabel.isEmpty() && ariaLabeledByAttribute().isEmpty())
        textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(accessibleNameForNode(node), AccessibilityTextSource::Alternative));
    
#if ENABLE(MATHML)
    if (node->isMathMLElement())
        textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(getAttribute(MathMLNames::alttextAttr), AccessibilityTextSource::Alternative));
#endif
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::visibleText(Vector<AccessibilityText>& textOrder) const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return;
    
    bool isInputTag = is<HTMLInputElement>(*node);
    if (isInputTag) {
        HTMLInputElement& input = downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node);
        if (input.isTextButton()) {
            textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(input.valueWithDefault(), AccessibilityTextSource::Visible));
            return;
        }
    }
    
    // If this node isn't rendered, there's no inner text we can extract from a select element.
    if (!isAccessibilityRenderObject() && node->hasTagName(selectTag))
        return;
    
    bool useTextUnderElement = false;
    
    switch (roleValue()) {
    case AccessibilityRole::PopUpButton:
        // Native popup buttons should not use their button children's text as a title. That value is retrieved through stringValue().
        if (node->hasTagName(selectTag))
            break;
        FALLTHROUGH;
    case AccessibilityRole::Button:
    case AccessibilityRole::ToggleButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::CheckBox:
    case AccessibilityRole::ListBoxOption:
    // MacOS does not expect native <li> elements to expose label information, it only expects leaf node elements to do that.
#if !PLATFORM(COCOA)
    case AccessibilityRole::ListItem:
#endif
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItem:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemCheckbox:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemRadio:
    case AccessibilityRole::RadioButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::Switch:
    case AccessibilityRole::Tab:
        useTextUnderElement = true;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    
    // If it's focusable but it's not content editable or a known control type, then it will appear to
    // the user as a single atomic object, so we should use its text as the default title.
    if (isHeading() || isLink())
        useTextUnderElement = true;
    
    if (isOutput())
        useTextUnderElement = true;
    
    if (useTextUnderElement) {
        AccessibilityTextUnderElementMode mode;
        
        // Headings often include links as direct children. Those links need to be included in text under element.
        if (isHeading())
            mode.includeFocusableContent = true;

        String text = textUnderElement(mode);
        if (!text.isEmpty())
            textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(text, AccessibilityTextSource::Children));
    }
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::helpText(Vector<AccessibilityText>& textOrder) const
{
    const AtomString& ariaHelp = getAttribute(aria_helpAttr);
    if (!ariaHelp.isEmpty())
        textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(ariaHelp, AccessibilityTextSource::Help));
    
    String describedBy = ariaDescribedByAttribute();
    if (!describedBy.isEmpty())
        textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(describedBy, AccessibilityTextSource::Summary));
    else if (isControl()) {
        // For controls, use their fieldset parent's described-by text if available.
        auto matchFunc = [] (const AccessibilityObject& object) {
            return object.isFieldset() && !object.ariaDescribedByAttribute().isEmpty();
        };
        if (const auto* parent = Accessibility::findAncestor<AccessibilityObject>(*this, false, WTFMove(matchFunc)))
            textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(parent->ariaDescribedByAttribute(), AccessibilityTextSource::Summary));
    }

    // Summary attribute used as help text on tables.
    const AtomString& summary = getAttribute(summaryAttr);
    if (!summary.isEmpty())
        textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(summary, AccessibilityTextSource::Summary));

    // The title attribute should be used as help text unless it is already being used as descriptive text.
    // However, when the title attribute is the only text alternative provided, it may be exposed as the
    // descriptive text. This is problematic in the case of meters because the HTML spec suggests authors
    // can expose units through this attribute. Therefore, if the element is a meter, change its source
    // type to AccessibilityTextSource::Help.
    const AtomString& title = getAttribute(titleAttr);
    if (!title.isEmpty()) {
        if (!isMeter() && !roleIgnoresTitle())
            textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(title, AccessibilityTextSource::TitleTag));
        else
            textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(title, AccessibilityTextSource::Help));
    }
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::accessibilityText(Vector<AccessibilityText>& textOrder) const
{
    titleElementText(textOrder);
    alternativeText(textOrder);
    visibleText(textOrder);
    helpText(textOrder);
    
    String placeholder = placeholderValue();
    if (!placeholder.isEmpty())
        textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(placeholder, AccessibilityTextSource::Placeholder));
}
    
void AccessibilityNodeObject::ariaLabeledByText(Vector<AccessibilityText>& textOrder) const
{
    String ariaLabeledBy = ariaLabeledByAttribute();
    if (!ariaLabeledBy.isEmpty())
        textOrder.append(AccessibilityText(ariaLabeledBy, AccessibilityTextSource::Alternative));
}
    
String AccessibilityNodeObject::alternativeTextForWebArea() const
{
    // The WebArea description should follow this order:
    //     aria-label on the <html>
    //     title on the <html>
    //     <title> inside the <head> (of it was set through JS)
    //     name on the <html>
    // For iframes:
    //     aria-label on the <iframe>
    //     title on the <iframe>
    //     name on the <iframe>
    
    Document* document = this->document();
    if (!document)
        return String();
    
    // Check if the HTML element has an aria-label for the webpage.
    if (Element* documentElement = document->documentElement()) {
        const AtomString& ariaLabel = documentElement->attributeWithoutSynchronization(aria_labelAttr);
        if (!ariaLabel.isEmpty())
            return ariaLabel;
    }
    
    if (auto* owner = document->ownerElement()) {
        if (owner->hasTagName(frameTag) || owner->hasTagName(iframeTag)) {
            const AtomString& title = owner->attributeWithoutSynchronization(titleAttr);
            if (!title.isEmpty())
                return title;
        }
        return owner->getNameAttribute();
    }
    
    String documentTitle = document->title();
    if (!documentTitle.isEmpty())
        return documentTitle;
    
    if (auto* body = document->bodyOrFrameset())
        return body->getNameAttribute();
    
    return String();
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::description() const
{
    // Static text should not have a description, it should only have a stringValue.
    if (roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::StaticText)
        return { };

    String ariaDescription = ariaAccessibilityDescription();
    if (!ariaDescription.isEmpty())
        return ariaDescription;

    if (usesAltTagForTextComputation()) {
        // Images should use alt as long as the attribute is present, even if empty.                    
        // Otherwise, it should fallback to other methods, like the title attribute.                    
        const AtomString& alt = getAttribute(altAttr);
        if (!alt.isNull())
            return alt;
    }

#if ENABLE(MATHML)
    if (is<MathMLElement>(node()))
        return getAttribute(MathMLNames::alttextAttr);
#endif

    // An element's descriptive text is comprised of title() (what's visible on the screen) and description() (other descriptive text).
    // Both are used to generate what a screen reader speaks.
    // If this point is reached (i.e. there's no accessibilityDescription) and there's no title(), we should fallback to using the title attribute.
    // The title attribute is normally used as help text (because it is a tooltip), but if there is nothing else available, this should be used (according to ARIA).
    // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=170475: An exception is when the element is semantically unimportant. In those cases, title text should remain as help text.
    if (!roleIgnoresTitle()) {
        // title() can be an expensive operation because it can invoke textUnderElement for all descendants. Thus call it last.
        auto titleAttribute = getAttribute(titleAttr);
        if (!titleAttribute.isEmpty() && title().isEmpty())
            return titleAttribute;
    }

    return { };
}

// Returns whether the role was not intended to play a semantically meaningful part of the
// accessibility hierarchy. This applies to generic groups like <div>'s with no role value set.
bool AccessibilityNodeObject::roleIgnoresTitle() const
{
    if (ariaRoleAttribute() != AccessibilityRole::Unknown)
        return false;

    switch (roleValue()) {
    case AccessibilityRole::Generic:
    case AccessibilityRole::Unknown:
        return true;
    default:
        return false;
    }
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::helpText() const
{
    WeakPtr node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return { };

    const auto& ariaHelp = getAttribute(aria_helpAttr);
    if (!ariaHelp.isEmpty())
        return ariaHelp;

    String describedBy = ariaDescribedByAttribute();
    if (!describedBy.isEmpty())
        return describedBy;

    String description = this->description();
    for (Node* ancestor = node.get(); ancestor; ancestor = ancestor->parentNode()) {
        if (auto* element = dynamicDowncast<HTMLElement>(ancestor)) {
            const auto& summary = element->getAttribute(summaryAttr);
            if (!summary.isEmpty())
                return summary;

            // The title attribute should be used as help text unless it is already being used as descriptive text.
            const auto& title = element->getAttribute(titleAttr);
            if (!title.isEmpty() && description != title)
                return title;
        }

        auto* cache = axObjectCache();
        if (!cache)
            return { };

        // Only take help text from an ancestor element if its a group or an unknown role. If help was
        // added to those kinds of elements, it is likely it was meant for a child element.
        if (auto* axAncestor = cache->getOrCreate(ancestor)) {
            if (!axAncestor->isGroup() && axAncestor->roleValue() != AccessibilityRole::Unknown)
                break;
        }
    }

    return { };
}

unsigned AccessibilityNodeObject::hierarchicalLevel() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!is<Element>(node))
        return 0;

    auto& element = downcast<Element>(*node);
    if (!element.attributeWithoutSynchronization(aria_levelAttr).isEmpty())
        return element.getIntegralAttribute(aria_levelAttr);

    // Only tree item will calculate its level through the DOM currently.
    if (roleValue() != AccessibilityRole::TreeItem)
        return 0;
    
    // Hierarchy leveling starts at 1, to match the aria-level spec.
    // We measure tree hierarchy by the number of groups that the item is within.
    unsigned level = 1;
    for (AccessibilityObject* parent = parentObject(); parent; parent = parent->parentObject()) {
        AccessibilityRole parentRole = parent->ariaRoleAttribute();
        if (parentRole == AccessibilityRole::ApplicationGroup)
            level++;
        else if (parentRole == AccessibilityRole::Tree)
            break;
    }
    
    return level;
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::setIsExpanded(bool expand)
{
    if (is<HTMLDetailsElement>(node())) {
        auto& details = downcast<HTMLDetailsElement>(*node());
        if (expand != details.isOpen())
            details.toggleOpen();
    }
}
    
// When building the textUnderElement for an object, determine whether or not
// we should include the inner text of this given descendant object or skip it.
static bool shouldUseAccessibilityObjectInnerText(AccessibilityObject* obj, AccessibilityTextUnderElementMode mode)
{
    // Do not use any heuristic if we are explicitly asking to include all the children.
    if (mode.childrenInclusion == AccessibilityTextUnderElementMode::TextUnderElementModeIncludeAllChildren)
        return true;

    // Consider this hypothetical example:
    // <div tabindex=0>
    //   <h2>
    //     Table of contents
    //   </h2>
    //   <a href="#start">Jump to start of book</a>
    //   <ul>
    //     <li><a href="#1">Chapter 1</a></li>
    //     <li><a href="#1">Chapter 2</a></li>
    //   </ul>
    // </div>
    //
    // The goal is to return a reasonable title for the outer container div, because
    // it's focusable - but without making its title be the full inner text, which is
    // quite long. As a heuristic, skip links, controls, and elements that are usually
    // containers with lots of children.

    // ARIA states that certain elements are not allowed to expose their children content for name calculation.
    if (mode.childrenInclusion == AccessibilityTextUnderElementMode::TextUnderElementModeIncludeNameFromContentsChildren
        && !obj->accessibleNameDerivesFromContent())
        return false;
    
    if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(obj->getAttribute(aria_hiddenAttr), "true"_s))
        return false;
    
    // If something doesn't expose any children, then we can always take the inner text content.
    // This is what we want when someone puts an <a> inside a <button> for example.
    if (obj->isDescendantOfBarrenParent())
        return true;
    
    // Skip focusable children, so we don't include the text of links and controls.
    if (obj->canSetFocusAttribute() && !mode.includeFocusableContent)
        return false;

    // Skip big container elements like lists, tables, etc.
    if (is<AccessibilityList>(*obj))
        return false;

    if (is<AccessibilityTable>(*obj) && downcast<AccessibilityTable>(*obj).isExposable())
        return false;

    if (obj->isTree() || obj->isCanvas())
        return false;

#if ENABLE(MODEL_ELEMENT)
    if (obj->isModel())
        return false;
#endif

    return true;
}

static bool shouldAddSpaceBeforeAppendingNextElement(StringBuilder& builder, const String& childText)
{
    if (!builder.length() || !childText.length())
        return false;

    // We don't need to add an additional space before or after a line break.
    return !(isHTMLLineBreak(childText[0]) || isHTMLLineBreak(builder[builder.length() - 1]));
}
    
static void appendNameToStringBuilder(StringBuilder& builder, const String& text)
{
    if (shouldAddSpaceBeforeAppendingNextElement(builder, text))
        builder.append(' ');
    builder.append(text);
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::textUnderElement(AccessibilityTextUnderElementMode mode) const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (is<Text>(node))
        return downcast<Text>(*node).wholeText();

    bool isAriaVisible = Accessibility::findAncestor<AccessibilityObject>(*this, true, [] (const AccessibilityObject& object) {
        return equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(object.getAttribute(aria_hiddenAttr), "false"_s);
    }) != nullptr;

    // The Accname specification states that if the current node is hidden, and not directly
    // referenced by aria-labelledby or aria-describedby, and is not a host language text
    // alternative, the empty string should be returned.
    if (isDOMHidden() && !isAriaVisible && !is<HTMLLabelElement>(node) && (node && !ancestorsOfType<HTMLCanvasElement>(*node).first())) {
        if (labelForObjects().isEmpty() && descriptionForObjects().isEmpty())
            return { };
    }

    StringBuilder builder;
    for (RefPtr child = firstChild(); child; child = child->nextSibling()) {
        if (mode.ignoredChildNode && child->node() == mode.ignoredChildNode)
            continue;
        
        bool shouldDeriveNameFromAuthor = (mode.childrenInclusion == AccessibilityTextUnderElementMode::TextUnderElementModeIncludeNameFromContentsChildren && !child->accessibleNameDerivesFromContent());
        if (shouldDeriveNameFromAuthor) {
            appendNameToStringBuilder(builder, accessibleNameForNode(child->node()));
            continue;
        }
        
        if (!shouldUseAccessibilityObjectInnerText(child.get(), mode))
            continue;

        if (is<AccessibilityNodeObject>(*child)) {
            // We should ignore the child if it's labeled by this node.
            // This could happen when this node labels multiple child nodes and we didn't
            // skip in the above ignoredChildNode check.
            auto labeledByElements = downcast<AccessibilityNodeObject>(*child).ariaLabeledByElements();
            if (labeledByElements.contains(node))
                continue;
            
            Vector<AccessibilityText> textOrder;
            downcast<AccessibilityNodeObject>(*child).alternativeText(textOrder);
            if (textOrder.size() > 0 && textOrder[0].text.length()) {
                appendNameToStringBuilder(builder, textOrder[0].text);
                continue;
            }
        }
        
        String childText = child->textUnderElement(mode);
        if (childText.length())
            appendNameToStringBuilder(builder, childText);
    }

    return builder.toString().stripWhiteSpace().simplifyWhiteSpace(isHTMLSpaceButNotLineBreak);
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::title() const
{
    WeakPtr node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return { };

    if (auto* input = dynamicDowncast<HTMLInputElement>(node.get())) {
        if (input->isTextButton())
            return input->valueWithDefault();
    }

    if (isLabelable()) {
        RefPtr label = labelForElement(downcast<Element>(node.get()));
        // Use the label text as the title if 1) the title element is NOT an exposed element and 2) there's no ARIA override.
        if (label && !exposesTitleUIElement() && !ariaAccessibilityDescription().length())
            return textForLabelElement(label.get());
    }

    // For <select> elements, title should be empty if they are not rendered or have role PopUpButton.
    if (node && node->hasTagName(selectTag)
        && (!isAccessibilityRenderObject() || roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::PopUpButton))
        return { };

    switch (roleValue()) {
    case AccessibilityRole::Button:
    case AccessibilityRole::CheckBox:
    case AccessibilityRole::ListBoxOption:
    case AccessibilityRole::ListItem:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItem:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemCheckbox:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemRadio:
    case AccessibilityRole::PopUpButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::RadioButton:
    case AccessibilityRole::Switch:
    case AccessibilityRole::Tab:
    case AccessibilityRole::ToggleButton:
        return textUnderElement();
    // SVGRoots should not use the text under itself as a title. That could include the text of objects like <text>.
    case AccessibilityRole::SVGRoot:
        return String();
    default:
        break;
    }

    if (isLink())
        return textUnderElement();
    if (isHeading())
        return textUnderElement(AccessibilityTextUnderElementMode(AccessibilityTextUnderElementMode::TextUnderElementModeSkipIgnoredChildren, true));

    return { };
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::text() const
{
    if (isSecureField())
        return secureFieldValue();

    // Static text can be either an element with role="text", aka ARIA static text, or inline rendered text.
    // In the former case, prefer any alt text that may have been specified.
    // If no alt text is present, fallback to the inline static text case where textUnderElement is used.
    if (isARIAStaticText()) {
        Vector<AccessibilityText> textOrder;
        alternativeText(textOrder);
        if (textOrder.size() > 0 && textOrder[0].text.length())
            return textOrder[0].text;
    }

    if (roleValue() == AccessibilityRole::StaticText)
        return textUnderElement();

    if (!isTextControl())
        return { };

    RefPtr element = dynamicDowncast<Element>(this->node());
    if (isNativeTextControl() && is<HTMLTextFormControlElement>(element))
        return downcast<HTMLTextFormControlElement>(element.get())->value();
    return element ? element->innerText() : String();
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::stringValue() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return { };

    if (isARIAStaticText()) {
        String staticText = text();
        if (!staticText.length())
            staticText = textUnderElement();
        return staticText;
    }

    if (node->isTextNode())
        return textUnderElement();

    if (node->hasTagName(selectTag)) {
        HTMLSelectElement& selectElement = downcast<HTMLSelectElement>(*node);
        int selectedIndex = selectElement.selectedIndex();
        auto& listItems = selectElement.listItems();
        if (selectedIndex >= 0 && static_cast<size_t>(selectedIndex) < listItems.size()) {
            if (RefPtr selectedItem = listItems[selectedIndex].get()) {
                const AtomString& overriddenDescription = selectedItem->attributeWithoutSynchronization(aria_labelAttr);
                if (!overriddenDescription.isNull())
                    return overriddenDescription;
            }
        }
        if (!selectElement.multiple())
            return selectElement.value();
        return String();
    }

    if (isTextControl())
        return text();

    // FIXME: We might need to implement a value here for more types
    // FIXME: It would be better not to advertise a value at all for the types for which we don't implement one;
    // this would require subclassing or making accessibilityAttributeNames do something other than return a
    // single static array.
    return { };
}

SRGBA<uint8_t> AccessibilityNodeObject::colorValue() const
{
#if !ENABLE(INPUT_TYPE_COLOR)
    return Color::transparentBlack;
#else
    if (!isColorWell())
        return Color::transparentBlack;

    if (!is<HTMLInputElement>(node()))
        return Color::transparentBlack;

    return downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node()).valueAsColor().toColorTypeLossy<SRGBA<uint8_t>>();
#endif
}

// This function implements the ARIA accessible name as described by the Mozilla                                        
// ARIA Implementer's Guide.                                                                                            
static String accessibleNameForNode(Node* node, Node* labelledbyNode)
{
    ASSERT(node);
    if (!is<Element>(node))
        return String();
    
    Element& element = downcast<Element>(*node);
    const AtomString& ariaLabel = element.attributeWithoutSynchronization(aria_labelAttr);
    if (!ariaLabel.isEmpty())
        return ariaLabel;
    
    const AtomString& alt = element.attributeWithoutSynchronization(altAttr);
    if (!alt.isEmpty())
        return alt;

    // If the node can be turned into an AX object, we can use standard name computation rules.
    // If however, the node cannot (because there's no renderer e.g.) fallback to using the basic text underneath.
    auto axObject = element.document().axObjectCache()->getOrCreate(&element);
    if (axObject) {
        String valueDescription = axObject->valueDescription();
        if (!valueDescription.isEmpty())
            return valueDescription;

        // The Accname specification states that if the name is being calculated for a combobox
        // or listbox inside a labeling element, return the text alternative of the chosen option.
        AccessibilityObject::AccessibilityChildrenVector children;
        if (axObject->isListBox())
            axObject->selectedChildren(children);
        else if (axObject->isComboBox()) {
            for (const auto& child : axObject->children()) {
                if (child->isListBox()) {
                    child->selectedChildren(children);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        StringBuilder builder;
        String childText;
        for (const auto& child : children)
            appendNameToStringBuilder(builder, accessibleNameForNode(child->node()));

        childText = builder.toString();
        if (!childText.isEmpty())
            return childText;
    }

    if (auto* input = dynamicDowncast<HTMLInputElement>(element)) {
        String inputValue = input->value();
        if (input->isPasswordField()) {
            StringBuilder passwordValue;
            passwordValue.reserveCapacity(inputValue.length());
            for (size_t i = 0; i < inputValue.length(); i++)
                passwordValue.append(String::fromUTF8("•"));
            return passwordValue.toString();
        }
        return inputValue;
    }
    if (auto* option = dynamicDowncast<HTMLOptionElement>(element))
        return option->value();

    String text;
    if (axObject) {
        if (axObject->accessibleNameDerivesFromContent())
            text = axObject->textUnderElement(AccessibilityTextUnderElementMode(AccessibilityTextUnderElementMode::TextUnderElementModeIncludeNameFromContentsChildren, true, labelledbyNode));
    } else
        text = element.innerText().simplifyWhiteSpace();

    if (!text.isEmpty())
        return text;
    
    const AtomString& title = element.attributeWithoutSynchronization(titleAttr);
    if (!title.isEmpty())
        return title;
    
    return String();
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::accessibilityDescriptionForChildren() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return String();

    AXObjectCache* cache = axObjectCache();
    if (!cache)
        return String();

    StringBuilder builder;
    for (Node* child = node->firstChild(); child; child = child->nextSibling()) {
        if (!is<Element>(child))
            continue;

        if (AccessibilityObject* axObject = cache->getOrCreate(child)) {
            String description = axObject->ariaLabeledByAttribute();
            if (description.isEmpty())
                description = accessibleNameForNode(child);
            appendNameToStringBuilder(builder, description);
        }
    }

    return builder.toString();
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::descriptionForElements(Vector<Element*>&& elements) const
{
    StringBuilder builder;
    for (auto* element : elements)
        appendNameToStringBuilder(builder, accessibleNameForNode(element, node()));
    return builder.toString();
}

String AccessibilityNodeObject::ariaDescribedByAttribute() const
{
    return descriptionForElements(elementsFromAttribute(aria_describedbyAttr));
}

Vector<Element*> AccessibilityNodeObject::ariaLabeledByElements() const
{
    // FIXME: should walk the DOM elements only once.
    auto elements = elementsFromAttribute(aria_labelledbyAttr);
    if (elements.size())
        return elements;
    return elementsFromAttribute(aria_labeledbyAttr);
}


String AccessibilityNodeObject::ariaLabeledByAttribute() const
{
    return descriptionForElements(ariaLabeledByElements());
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::hasAttributesRequiredForInclusion() const
{
    if (AccessibilityObject::hasAttributesRequiredForInclusion())
        return true;

    // Avoid calculating the actual description here, which is expensive.
    // This means there might be more accessible elements in the tree if the labelledBy points to invalid elements, but that shouldn't cause any real problems.
    if (getAttribute(aria_labelledbyAttr).length() || getAttribute(aria_labeledbyAttr).length() || getAttribute(aria_labelAttr).length())
        return true;

    return false;
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::isFocused() const
{
    if (!m_node)
        return false;

    auto& document = node()->document();
    auto* focusedElement = document.focusedElement();
    if (!focusedElement)
        return false;

    if (focusedElement == node())
        return true;

    // A web area is represented by the Document node in the DOM tree which isn't focusable.
    // Instead, check if the frame's selection is focused.
    if (roleValue() != AccessibilityRole::WebArea)
        return false;

    auto* frame = document.frame();
    return frame ? frame->selection().isFocusedAndActive() : false;
}

void AccessibilityNodeObject::setFocused(bool on)
{
    // Call the base class setFocused to ensure the view is focused and active.
    AccessibilityObject::setFocused(on);

    if (!canSetFocusAttribute())
        return;

    auto* document = this->document();
    if (!on || !is<Element>(node())) {
        document->setFocusedElement(nullptr);
        return;
    }

    // When a node is told to set focus, that can cause it to be deallocated, which means that doing
    // anything else inside this object will crash. To fix this, we added a RefPtr to protect this object
    // long enough for duration.
    RefPtr<AccessibilityObject> protectedThis(this);

    // If this node is already the currently focused node, then calling focus() won't do anything.
    // That is a problem when focus is removed from the webpage to chrome, and then returns.
    // In these cases, we need to do what keyboard and mouse focus do, which is reset focus first.
    if (document->focusedElement() == node())
        document->setFocusedElement(nullptr);

    // If we return from setFocusedElement and our element has been removed from a tree, axObjectCache() may be null.
    if (auto* cache = axObjectCache()) {
        cache->setIsSynchronizingSelection(true);
        downcast<Element>(*m_node).focus();
        cache->setIsSynchronizingSelection(false);
    }
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::canSetFocusAttribute() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return false;

    if (isWebArea())
        return true;
    
    // NOTE: It would be more accurate to ask the document whether setFocusedElement() would
    // do anything. For example, setFocusedElement() will do nothing if the current focused
    // node will not relinquish the focus.
    if (!is<Element>(node))
        return false;

    Element& element = downcast<Element>(*node);

    if (element.isDisabledFormControl())
        return false;

    return element.supportsFocus();
}

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::canSetValueAttribute() const
{
    Node* node = this->node();
    if (!node)
        return false;

    // The host-language readonly attribute trumps aria-readonly.
    if (is<HTMLTextAreaElement>(*node))
        return !downcast<HTMLTextAreaElement>(*node).isReadOnly();
    if (is<HTMLInputElement>(*node)) {
        HTMLInputElement& input = downcast<HTMLInputElement>(*node);
        if (input.isTextField())
            return !input.isReadOnly();
    }

    String readOnly = readOnlyValue();
    if (!readOnly.isEmpty())
        return readOnly == "true"_s ? false : true;

    if (isNonNativeTextControl())
        return true;

    if (isMeter())
        return false;

    if (isProgressIndicator() || isSlider() || isScrollbar())
        return true;

#if USE(ATSPI)
    // In ATSPI, input types which support aria-readonly are treated as having a
    // settable value if the user can modify the widget's value or its state.
    if (supportsReadOnly())
        return true;

    if (isRadioButton()) {
        auto radioGroup = radioGroupAncestor();
        return radioGroup ? radioGroup->readOnlyValue() != "true"_s : true;
    }
#endif

    if (isWebArea()) {
        Document* document = this->document();
        if (!document)
            return false;

        if (HTMLElement* body = document->bodyOrFrameset()) {
            if (body->hasEditableStyle())
                return true;
        }

        return document->hasEditableStyle();
    }

    return node->hasEditableStyle();
}

AccessibilityRole AccessibilityNodeObject::determineAriaRoleAttribute() const
{
    const AtomString& ariaRole = getAttribute(roleAttr);
    if (ariaRole.isNull() || ariaRole.isEmpty())
        return AccessibilityRole::Unknown;
    
    AccessibilityRole role = ariaRoleToWebCoreRole(ariaRole);

    // ARIA states if an item can get focus, it should not be presentational.
    if (role == AccessibilityRole::Presentational && canSetFocusAttribute())
        return AccessibilityRole::Unknown;

    if (role == AccessibilityRole::Button)
        role = buttonRoleType();

    // If ariaRoleToWebCoreRole computed AccessibilityRole::TextField, we need to figure out if we should use the single-line WebCore textbox role (AccessibilityRole::TextField)
    // or the multi-line WebCore textbox role (AccessibilityRole::TextArea) because the "textbox" ARIA role is overloaded and can mean either.
    if (role == AccessibilityRole::TextField) {
        auto ariaMultiline = getAttribute(aria_multilineAttr);
        if (equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(ariaMultiline, "true"_s) || (!equalLettersIgnoringASCIICase(ariaMultiline, "false"_s) && matchesTextAreaRole()))
            role = AccessibilityRole::TextArea;
    }

    role = remapAriaRoleDueToParent(role);
    
    // Presentational roles are invalidated by the presence of ARIA attributes.
    if (role == AccessibilityRole::Presentational && supportsARIAAttributes())
        role = AccessibilityRole::Unknown;
    
    // The ARIA spec states, "Authors must give each element with role region a brief label that
    // describes the purpose of the content in the region." The Core AAM states, "Special case:
    // if the region does not have an accessible name, do not expose the element as a landmark.
    // Use the native host language role of the element instead."
    if (role == AccessibilityRole::LandmarkRegion && !hasAttribute(aria_labelAttr) && !hasAttribute(aria_labelledbyAttr))
        role = AccessibilityRole::Unknown;

    if (static_cast<int>(role))
        return role;

    return AccessibilityRole::Unknown;
}

AccessibilityRole AccessibilityNodeObject::remapAriaRoleDueToParent(AccessibilityRole role) const
{
    // Some objects change their role based on their parent.
    // However, asking for the unignoredParent calls accessibilityIsIgnored(), which can trigger a loop. 
    // While inside the call stack of creating an element, we need to avoid accessibilityIsIgnored().
    // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=65174

    if (role != AccessibilityRole::ListBoxOption && role != AccessibilityRole::MenuItem)
        return role;
    
    for (AccessibilityObject* parent = parentObject(); parent && !parent->accessibilityIsIgnored(); parent = parent->parentObject()) {
        AccessibilityRole parentAriaRole = parent->ariaRoleAttribute();

        // Selects and listboxes both have options as child roles, but they map to different roles within WebCore.
        if (role == AccessibilityRole::ListBoxOption && parentAriaRole == AccessibilityRole::Menu)
            return AccessibilityRole::MenuItem;
        // An aria "menuitem" may map to MenuButton or MenuItem depending on its parent.
        if (role == AccessibilityRole::MenuItem && parentAriaRole == AccessibilityRole::ApplicationGroup)
            return AccessibilityRole::MenuButton;
        
        // If the parent had a different role, then we don't need to continue searching up the chain.
        if (parentAriaRole != AccessibilityRole::Unknown)
            break;
    }
    
    return role;
}   

bool AccessibilityNodeObject::canSetSelectedAttribute() const
{
    // Elements that can be selected
    switch (roleValue()) {
    case AccessibilityRole::Cell:
    case AccessibilityRole::GridCell:
    case AccessibilityRole::RowHeader:
    case AccessibilityRole::Row:
    case AccessibilityRole::TabList:
    case AccessibilityRole::Tab:
    case AccessibilityRole::TreeGrid:
    case AccessibilityRole::TreeItem:
    case AccessibilityRole::Tree:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemCheckbox:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItemRadio:
    case AccessibilityRole::MenuItem:
        return isEnabled();
    default:
        return false;
    }
}

} // namespace WebCore