根据平台和需要的java版本选择，需要native-image需要同时下载native-image插件，一下以windows平台，jdk21为例
下载 graalvm for jdk21
https://download.oracle.com/graalvm/21/latest/graalvm-jdk-21_windows-x64_bin.zip
native-image-installable-svm-java19-windows-amd64-22.3.1.jar
GraalVM JDK with Native Image
docker pull container-registry.oracle.com/graalvm/native-image:21
GraalVM JDK without Native Image
docker pull container-registry.oracle.com/graalvm/jdk:21
将 graalvm-jdk-21_windows-x64_bin.zip 解压多指定目录，如
D:\develop\java\jdk\graalvm\21\graalvm-jdk-21.0.2+13.1添加系统环境变量
GRAALVM_HOME = D:\develop\java\jdk\graalvm\21\graalvm-jdk-21.0.2+13.1（可选）如果想要在控制台直接输入native-image调用可以将JAVA_HOME设置为GRAALVM_HOME，这样系统会默认使用GRAALVM作为jdk
JAVA_HOME = %GRAALVM_HOME%确保系统环境变量Path中包含 %JAVA_HOME%\bin，如果不设置的话，在控制台通过加前缀%GRAALVM_HOME%\bin\ 启动graalvm 的相关命令，如 %GRAALVM_HOME%\bin\java, %GRAALVM_HOME%\bin\gu, %GRAALVM_HOME%\bin\native-image ，下文均假设设置了 JAVA_HOME=GRALVM_HOME
java -version
输出
java version "21.0.2" 2024-01-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment Oracle GraalVM 21.0.2+13.1 (build 21.0.2+13-LTS-jvmci-23.1-b30)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM Oracle GraalVM 21.0.2+13.1 (build 21.0.2+13-LTS-jvmci-23.1-b30, mixed mode, sharing)注意提示中有 GraalVM
新版Graalvm自带 native-image 工具, 在 %GRAALVM_HOME%\bin 目录下, 可以通过指令检测 native-image 工具是否已经安装:
native-image --version
输出:
native-image 21.0.2 2024-01-16
GraalVM Runtime Environment Oracle GraalVM 21.0.2+13.1 (build 21.0.2+13-LTS-jvmci-23.1-b30)
Substrate VM Oracle GraalVM 21.0.2+13.1 (build 21.0.2+13-LTS, serial gc, compressed references)
则说明已经安装成功
下载 visual studio community 版本即可，这里以 visual studio community 2022 版本为例
工作负荷
- 使用C++的桌面开发
右侧 “可选项” 中勾选
- MSVC v142 -VS 2019 C++ x64/x86生成工具(v14.39)
- MSVC v141 -VS 2017 C++ x64/x86生成工具(v14.16)
- MSVC v140 -VS 2015 C++ 生成工具(v14.00)
！！！！！注意，语言包一定要取消中文，只使用英文的语言包！！！！！
否则可能会报错
Native-image building on Windows currently only supports target architecture: AMD64 (?? unsupported)如果已经安装了vs, 并且设置语言包为中文, 可以通过下面的方式修改为英文:
1 打开 Visual Studio Installer
点击修改
点击 语言包 , 将 中文 反选, 再选择 英文, 此时右下角按钮会变为 "修改", 点击 修改 按钮, 等待 vs-installer 安装英文语言包即可
新建系统环境变量 INCLUDE ，设置值为：
具体路径根据具体安装vs的版本及安装路径会有不同
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\include
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\shared
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.22621.0\um值之间可用 ; 分隔，有两个变量值之后， 关闭添加窗口重新打开，windows环境变量编辑工具可以显示为多行。
再添加系统环境变量 LIB
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\lib\x64
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\um\x64
C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\ucrt\x64在 PATH 中添加 cl.exe 的路径， cl.exe 是vs的C编译器
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519\bin\Hostx64\x64或者创建系统环境变量
MSVC = C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.39.33519
在Path中添加
%MSVC%\bin\Hostx64\x64
通过指令验证cl是否配置正确
cl输出:
用于 x64 的 Microsoft (R) C/C++ 优化编译器 19.38.33135 版
版权所有(C) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
用法: cl [ 选项... ] 文件名... [ /link 链接选项... ]
在任意目录，如：D:\tmp\hello 下新建文件 HelloWorld.java
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, Native World!");
}
}在当前目录下运行命令：
javac HelloWorld.java
native-image HelloWorld输出:
========================================================================================================================
GraalVM Native Image: Generating 'helloworld' (executable)...
========================================================================================================================
For detailed information and explanations on the build output, visit:
https://github.com/oracle/graal/blob/master/docs/reference-manual/native-image/BuildOutput.md
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1/8] Initializing... (11.5s @ 0.13GB)
Java version: 21.0.2+13-LTS, vendor version: Oracle GraalVM 21.0.2+13.1
Graal compiler: optimization level: 2, target machine: x86-64-v3, PGO: ML-inferred
C compiler: cl.exe (microsoft, x64, 19.39.33519)
Garbage collector: Serial GC (max heap size: 80% of RAM)
1 user-specific feature(s):
- com.oracle.svm.thirdparty.gson.GsonFeature
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Build resources:
- 26.49GB of memory (41.4% of 63.93GB system memory, determined at start)
- 24 thread(s) (100.0% of 24 available processor(s), determined at start)
[2/8] Performing analysis... [*****] (3.6s @ 0.19GB)
2,088 reachable types (61.4% of 3,402 total)
1,995 reachable fields (45.6% of 4,372 total)
9,649 reachable methods (38.5% of 25,042 total)
769 types, 109 fields, and 474 methods registered for reflection
53 types, 30 fields, and 48 methods registered for JNI access
1 native library: version
[3/8] Building universe... (0.8s @ 0.30GB)
[4/8] Parsing methods... [*] (1.3s @ 0.30GB)
[5/8] Inlining methods... [***] (0.4s @ 0.29GB)
[6/8] Compiling methods... [***] (6.4s @ 0.35GB)
[7/8] Layouting methods... [*] (0.8s @ 0.33GB)
[8/8] Creating image... [*] (0.9s @ 0.37GB)
3.49MB (47.52%) for code area: 4,554 compilation units
3.77MB (51.38%) for image heap: 57,132 objects and 71 resources
82.23kB ( 1.09%) for other data
7.34MB in total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Top 10 origins of code area: Top 10 object types in image heap:
1.83MB java.base 880.34kB byte[] for code metadata
1.35MB svm.jar (Native Image) 723.24kB byte[] for java.lang.String
90.25kB com.oracle.svm.svm_enterprise 431.28kB heap alignment
42.46kB jdk.proxy3 383.23kB java.lang.String
40.50kB jdk.proxy1 332.00kB java.lang.Class
30.21kB org.graalvm.nativeimage.base 154.03kB java.util.HashMap$Node
29.85kB org.graalvm.collections 114.01kB char[]
21.47kB jdk.internal.vm.ci 100.64kB byte[] for reflection metadata
17.29kB jdk.internal.vm.compiler 91.68kB java.lang.Object[]
11.90kB jdk.proxy2 81.56kB com.oracle.svm.core.hub.DynamicHubCompanion
389.00B for 1 more packages 571.98kB for 553 more object types
Use '-H:+BuildReport' to create a report with more details.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Security report:
- Binary does not include Java deserialization.
- Use '--enable-sbom' to embed a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) in the binary.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recommendations:
PGO: Use Profile-Guided Optimizations ('--pgo') for improved throughput.
INIT: Adopt '--strict-image-heap' to prepare for the next GraalVM release.
HEAP: Set max heap for improved and more predictable memory usage.
CPU: Enable more CPU features with '-march=native' for improved performance.
QBM: Use the quick build mode ('-Ob') to speed up builds during development.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.0s (3.8% of total time) in 117 GCs | Peak RSS: 0.97GB | CPU load: 6.32
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Produced artifacts:
D:\tmp\hello\helloworld.exe (executable)
========================================================================================================================
Finished generating 'helloworld' in 26.5s.
即可看到输出文件helloworld.exe，再通过运行指令启动 helloworld.exe即可看到输出
Hello, Native World!