01_03 - Functions_Fuggvenyek.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# METHODS"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "list_valt = [1,2,'c','d']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 'c', 'd', 5]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list_valt.append(5)\n",
    "list_valt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list_valt.pop()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[1, 2, 'c', 'd']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "list_valt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "SyntaxError",
     "evalue": "invalid syntax (<ipython-input-5-dca4a26b0464>, line 5)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;36m  File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-5-dca4a26b0464>\"\u001b[1;36m, line \u001b[1;32m5\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;33m    list_valt. #TAB\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;37m                   ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;31m:\u001b[0m invalid syntax\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# What kind of methods can we use for a given variable? Milyen method-okat használhatunk egy adott változóhoz?\n",
    "# --> Type in the name of the variable and a '.' at the end, then hit 'TAB' --> We can see the list of the available methods.\n",
    "# --> Írjuk be a változó nevét egy '.'-tal a végén, majd nyomjunk egy 'TAB'-ot --> Egy legördülő listában megjelennek \n",
    "# az elérhető method-ok.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# How do we know how to use the chosen method and what does it do? --> Hit 'shift + TAB' after \n",
    "# the name of the method and we will see the help. OR use the help(<variable.method>) function.\n",
    "list_valt.insert(2,'2.5')\n",
    "list_valt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# OR / VAGY: https://docs.python.org/3/ --> Library Reference"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# FUNCTIONS\n",
    "\n",
    "Structure / Struktúra: \"def + function name + ():\" - Note the \":\" at the end!!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def say_hello():\n",
    "    print('Hello')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Without parenthesis (), it just says that we have this function / Zárójelek () nélkül csak annyit kapunk vissza, \n",
    "# hogy létezik a függvény\n",
    "say_hello"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Zárójellel jó!\n",
    "say_hello()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#De nincs help-je!!\n",
    "help(say_hello)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Help beillesztése\n",
    "def say_hello():\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    Here comes the help!\n",
    "    Input: none\n",
    "    Output: Hello...\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    print('Hello')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "help(say_hello)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Legyen egy name attribútuma!\n",
    "def say_hello(name):\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    Here comes the help!\n",
    "    Input: none\n",
    "    Output: Hello...\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    print('Hello '+name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello Baby\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "say_hello('Baby')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "TypeError",
     "evalue": "say_hello() missing 1 required positional argument: 'name'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-8-87b20f0ab27a>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# Így hiányolja a name értékét!!\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0msay_hello\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: say_hello() missing 1 required positional argument: 'name'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Így hiányolja a name értékét!!\n",
    "say_hello()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# We can assign default values to a function!!\n",
    "def say_hello(name='NAME'):\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    Here comes the help!\n",
    "    Input: none\n",
    "    Output: Hello...\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    print('Hello '+name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "say_hello()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "result = say_hello('Baby')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# In this way it did not assign the result variable with the actual result. We need to define what the function will return!\n",
    "# Így nem rendelte hozzá a result változóhoz az eredményt. Definiálnunk kell mit adjon vissza a függvény!\n",
    "# We can assign default values to a function!!\n",
    "#RETURN\n",
    "def say_hello(name='NAME'):\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    Here comes the help!\n",
    "    Input: none\n",
    "    Output: Hello...\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    return 'Hello '+name"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "result = say_hello('Baby')\n",
    "result"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Írjunk egy függvényt, ami összead egy a és b számot! (sum)\n",
    "def adding_func(a,b):\n",
    "    return sum((a,b))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "adding_func(40,60)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# What if we will an undefined number of arguments? / Mi történik, ha nem meghatározott számú argumentumunk lesz?\n",
    "def adding_func(*args):\n",
    "    return sum(args)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# The \"args\" word can be replaced by anything, but the * must be present before it. / Az \"args\" szócska bármivel helyettesíthető\n",
    "#de előtte a *-nak szerepelnie kell.\n",
    "adding_func(10,20,30)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Similarly, an undefined number of keywords can be used as well, using the **kwargs structure. / Hasonlóan, határozatlan számú\n",
    "# kulcsó is használható a **kwargs szerkezet használatával.\n",
    "def fruit_func(**kwargs):\n",
    "    print(kwargs)\n",
    "    if 'fruit' in kwargs:\n",
    "        print('My fruit choice is {}'.format(kwargs['fruit']))\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('I did not choose any fruit')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fruit_func(fruit='apple',veggie='lettuce')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Az *args és **kwargs használata vegyíthető\n",
    "def mix_func(*args,**kwargs):\n",
    "    print('I would like to eat {} {}'.format(sum(args),kwargs['food']))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mix_func(10,20,30,40,food='gombóc',fruit='banán')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# PIG LATIN\n",
    "\n",
    "<ul>\n",
    "  <li> If a words starts with a vowel, add 'ay' to the end. / Ha egy szó magánhangzóval kezdődik, akkor a végére illesszük az 'ay' szót. </li>\n",
    "  <li> If a word does not start with a vowel, put the first letter to the end, then add 'ay' to it. / Ha a szó nem magánhangzóval kezdődik, akkor az első betűjét illesszük a végére és illesszük az 'ay' szót a végére.</li>\n",
    "</ul>\n",
    "word --> ordway <br>\n",
    "apple --> appleay"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def pig_latin(word):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    first_letter = word[0]\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # check if vowel\n",
    "    if first_letter in 'aeiou':\n",
    "        pig_word = word + 'ay'\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        pig_word = word[1:]+word[0]+'ay'\n",
    "    return pig_word\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pig_latin('word')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pig_latin('apple')"
   ]
  }
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