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id name rule_type description accessibility_requirements input_aspects authors
c4a8a4
Document title is descriptive
atomic
This rule checks that the document title describes the topic or purpose of the document.
wcag20:2.4.2
forConformance failed passed inapplicable
true
not satisfied
further testing needed
further testing needed
DOM Tree
Anne Thyme Nørregaard
Corbb O'Connor

Applicability

This rule applies to the first HTML title element that

Expectation

The target element describes the topic or purpose of the overall content of the document.

Assumptions

There are no assumptions for this rule.

Accessibility Support

  • This rule assumes that browsers only recognize the first title element if multiple title elements are present in the document. Testing shows that this in general is the case. Therefore the scope of this rule is limited to only checking the first title element in a document.

Background

Test Cases

Passed

Passed Example 1

The <title> element describes the content of the document.

<html>
	<head>
		<title>Clementine harvesting season</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<p>
			Clementines will be ready to harvest from late October through February.
		</p>
	</body>
</html>

Passed Example 2

Two <title> elements where the first one describes the content of the document.

<html>
	<head>
		<title>Clementine harvesting season</title>
		<title>Apple harvesting season</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<p>
			Clementines will be ready to harvest from late October through February.
		</p>
	</body>
</html>

Passed Example 3

Even though the descriptive <title> element is not placed within the <head> element that is the context the element can be used in according to the HTML specification, the rule still passes, since the browser fixes it, and it doesn't cause any known accessibility issues.

<html>
	<head> </head>
	<body>
		<title>Clementine harvesting season</title>
		<p>
			Clementines will be ready to harvest from late October through February.
		</p>
	</body>
</html>

Passed Example 4

<title> element with content present in document, and the title is descriptive of the content, even though it does not contain letters or numbers.

<html>
	<head>
		<title>;)</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<h1>;)</h1>
		<p>
			The winking emoticon is commonly used after a light-hearted or sarcastic
			remark. It is also a popular IM and e-mail emoticon shortcut.
		</p>
	</body>
</html>

Failed

Failed Example 1

<title> is not descriptive of the content of the document.

<html>
	<head>
		<title>Apple harvesting season</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<p>
			Clementines will be ready to harvest from late October through February.
		</p>
	</body>
</html>

Failed Example 2

Even though a correct <title> element is put in the <head> of the document, this rule only looks at the first <title> element.

<html>
	<head>
		<title>Apple harvesting season</title>
		<title>Clementine harvesting season</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<p>
			Clementines will be ready to harvest from late October through February.
		</p>
	</body>
</html>

Failed Example 3

<title> element with content present in document, but it is not descriptive of the content.

<html>
	<head>
		<title>;)</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<p>
			Clementines will be ready to harvest from late October through February.
		</p>
	</body>
</html>

Inapplicable

Inapplicable Example 1

No <title> element present in document.

<html>
	<head> </head>
	<body>
		<p>
			Clementines will be ready to harvest from late October through February.
		</p>
	</body>
</html>

Inapplicable Example 2

<title> element present in document, but is empty.

<html>
	<head>
		<title></title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<p>
			Clementines will be ready to harvest from late October through February.
		</p>
	</body>
</html>

Inapplicable Example 3

This document has a <title> element but is inapplicable since the document element is an SVG <svg> element.

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <title>This is a circle</title>
  <circle cx="150" cy="75" r="50" fill="green"></circle>
</svg>

Inapplicable Example 4

First <title> element is empty

<html>
	<head>
		<title></title>
		<title>Clementine harvesting season</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<p>
			Clementines will be ready to harvest from late October through February.
		</p>
	</body>
</html>

Inapplicable Example 5

First <title> element contains only whitespace

<html>
	<head>
		<title> </title>
		<title>Clementine harvesting season</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<p>
			Clementines will be ready to harvest from late October through February.
		</p>
	</body>
</html>