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<!doctype html>
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<meta property="og:description" content="This page lists all the glossary used in the GraphScope project. FLASH: FLASH is a distributed programming model for programming a broad spectrum of graph algorithms, including clustering, centrali..." />
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<link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /><link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /><link rel="next" title="Frequently Asked Questions" href="../frequently_asked_questions.html" /><link rel="prev" title="Positioning of GraphScope" href="positioning.html" />
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Overview</span></p>
<ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html">Introducing GraphScope</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../loading_graphs.html">Loading Graphs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="graph_analytics_workloads.html">Graph Analytics Workloads</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="graph_interactive_workloads.html">Graph Interactive Workloads</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="graph_learning_workloads.html">Graph Learning Workloads</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="design_of_graphscope.html">Design of GraphScope</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="positioning.html">Positioning of GraphScope</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current current-page"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Glossary</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../frequently_asked_questions.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Installation & Deployment</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../deployment/install_on_local.html">Install GraphScope on Local</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../deployment/deploy_graphscope_on_self_managed_k8s.html">Deploy on K8s Cluster</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../deployment/deploy_with_existing_vineyard_cluster.html">Deploy with Existing Vineyard Cluster</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../deployment/persistent_storage_of_graphs_on_k8s.html">Persistent storage of graphs on the Kubernetes cluster</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../deployment/deploy_graphscope_with_helm.html">Deploy GraphScope with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">helm</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../deployment/install_in_offline_env.html">Install GraphScope in offline environment</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">GraphScope Flex</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive_intro.html">GraphScope Interactive</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-1" name="toctree-checkbox-1" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-1"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of GraphScope Interactive</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/overview.html">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/installation.html">Installation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/custom_graph_data.html">Using Custom Graph</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/stored_procedures.html">Stored Procedures</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/configuration.html">Engine Configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/data_model.html">Data Model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/data_import.html">Data Import Configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/dev_guide.html">GraphScope Interactive Development guide</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-2" name="toctree-checkbox-2" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-2"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of GraphScope Interactive Development guide</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/development/cypher_procedure.html">Turning Cypher Queries into Stored Procedures with GraphScope Interactive</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/development/cpp_procedure.html">Create c++ Stored Procedures on GraphScope Interactive</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/development/admin_service.html">GraphScope Interactive Admin Service Documentation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/glossary.html">Glossary</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../flex/interactive/deployment.html">GraphScope Interactive Deployment</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Graph Analytical Engine</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../analytical_engine/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../analytical_engine/deployment.html">Deployment for GAE</a></li>
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<section class="tex2jax_ignore mathjax_ignore" id="glossary">
<h1>Glossary<a class="headerlink" href="#glossary" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1>
<p>This page lists all the glossary used in the GraphScope project.</p>
<section id="flash">
<h2>FLASH<a class="headerlink" href="#flash" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>FLASH is a distributed programming model for programming a broad spectrum of graph algorithms, including clustering, centrality, traversal, matching, mining, etc. FLASH follows the vertex-centric philosophy, but it moves a step further for stronger expressiveness by providing flexible control flow, the operations on arbitrary vertex sets and beyond-neighborhood communication. FLASH makes diverse complex graph algorithms easy to write at the distributed runtime. The algorithms expressed in FLASH take only a few lines of code, and provide a satisfactory performance.</p>
<p>FLASH is planned to be integrated to GraphScope, as a module in the analytical engine(GAE).</p>
<p>Learn more: <a class="reference internal" href="#"><span class="xref myst">Paper on ICDE2023</span></a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://graphscope.io/docs/latest/analytical_engine/flash.html">Doc</a></p>
</section>
<section id="grape">
<h2>GRAPE<a class="headerlink" href="#grape" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>the code name of analytical engine in GraphScope. It was first introduced in the SIGMOD2017 paper, represents <u>GRA</u>ph <u>P</u>arallel processing <u>E</u>ngine. The analytical engine inherits the design proposed in this paper.</p>
<p>The core part of GRAPE is opensourced at <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/alibaba/libgrape-lite">https://github.com/alibaba/libgrape-lite</a>, which is a dependency and serves as the analytical engine in GraphScope.</p>
<p>Read more: <a class="reference external" href="https://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wenfei/papers/sigmod17-GRAPE.pdf">Best Paper on SIGMOD2017</a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://graphscope.io/docs/latest/analytical_engine/design_of_gae.html">Design of GAE</a></p>
</section>
<section id="gae">
<h2>GAE<a class="headerlink" href="#gae" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>GAE is short for GraphScope Analytical Engine, a.k.a., GRAPE.</p>
</section>
<section id="gart">
<h2>GART<a class="headerlink" href="#gart" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>GART is short for <u>G</u>raph <u>A</u>nalysis and <u>R</u>elational <u>T</u>ransactions. It is a loosely-coupled framework that can be deployed to bridge an existing relational OLTP system (e.g., MySQL) with the graph-specific system GraphScope. In a nutshell, GART exploits the high availability mechanism of modern OLTP systems, and leverages write-ahead logs (WALs) of OLTP systems to extract graphs on which to perform graph-related workloads over execution engines of GraphScope. Instead of offline data migration, GART reuses WALs to replay graph data online with multi-version support.</p>
<p>GART is planned to be integrated to GraphScope, in the storage layer.</p>
</section>
<section id="grin">
<h2>GRIN<a class="headerlink" href="#grin" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>GRIN is a proposed standard <u>G</u>raph <u>R</u>etrieval <u>IN</u>terface in GraphScope. The goal of GRIN is to provide a common way for the graph computing engines to retrieve graph data stored in different storage engines in GraphScope, and to simplify the integration of these engines with each other.</p>
<p>GRIN is defined in C, which makes it portable to systems written in different programming languages, such as C++, Rust and Java. It provides a set of common operations and data structure handlers that can be used to access graph data, regardless of the underlying storage engine.</p>
<p>Repo: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/graphscope/grin">https://github.com/graphscope/grin</a></p>
</section>
<section id="graphar">
<h2>GraphAr<a class="headerlink" href="#graphar" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>GraphAr (short for <u>Graph</u> <u>Ar</u>chive) is a project that aims to make it easier for diverse applications and systems (in-memory and out-of-core storages, databases, graph computing systems, and interactive graph query frameworks) to build and access graph data conveniently and efficiently.</p>
<p>Repo: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/alibaba/GraphAr">https://github.com/alibaba/GraphAr</a></p>
</section>
<section id="groot">
<h2>Groot<a class="headerlink" href="#groot" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Groot is the code name of the persistent storage in GraphScope. It was named after the tree Groot in the movie “Guardians of the Galaxy”. The name “g-root” also indicates the fundamental role of the storage component in the graph system.</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://graphscope.io/docs/latest/storage_engine/groot.html">Read more</a></p>
</section>
<section id="gum">
<h2>GUM<a class="headerlink" href="#gum" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>GUM is a highly efficient multi-GPU graph analytics engine that employs a work-stealing mechanism to tackle both dynamic load imbalances and long-tail issues. It does so by utilizing the high-speed NVLinks found in modern multi-GPU servers. Additionally, GUM is acutely aware of the asymmetric topology of GPU connections and generates an optimal task-stealing plan from a holistic perspective during each iteration. With this innovative approach, GUM can offer a significant order-of-magnitude improvement in performance.</p>
<p>GUM serves as an GPU-speedup module for GRAPE when applicable.</p>
<p>Read more: <a class="reference internal" href="#"><span class="xref myst">Paper on ICDE2023</span></a>, <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/alibaba/libgrape-lite/tree/gum">Code</a></p>
</section>
<section id="maxgraph-deprecated">
<h2>MaxGraph (deprecated)<a class="headerlink" href="#maxgraph-deprecated" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>MaxGraph is the deprecated interactive engine in GraphScope. It was replaced by a new designed engine GAIA with multiple query language (e.g., Gremlin/Cypher…) support.</p>
</section>
<section id="vineyard-or-v6d">
<h2>Vineyard, or v6d<a class="headerlink" href="#vineyard-or-v6d" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Vineyard is the code name of the immutable memory management. Its name suggests it was a underlying component of GRAPE.</p>
<p>Vineyard (v6d) is an innovative in-memory immutable data manager that offers out-of-the-box high-level abstractions and zero-copy in-memory sharing for distributed data in various big data tasks, such as graph analytics (e.g., GraphScope), numerical computing (e.g., Mars), and machine learning. It is a CNCF sandbox project.</p>
<p>Repo: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/v6d-io/v6d">https://github.com/v6d-io/v6d</a></p>
</section>
<section id="gie">
<h2>GIE<a class="headerlink" href="#gie" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>GraphScope Interactive Engine, or GIE for short, utilizes Gaia (or Pegasus) to enable parallel execution in distribution.
It offers storage options consisting of the immutable, in-memory <a class="reference internal" href="../interactive_engine/deployment.html"><span class="std std-doc">v6d</span></a>
and the mutable, persistent <a class="reference internal" href="../storage_engine/groot.html"><span class="std std-doc">groot</span></a>. GIE can process queries using
<a class="reference internal" href="../interactive_engine/tinkerpop_eco.html"><span class="std std-doc">Tinkerpop’s Gremlin language</span></a>, with support for
<a class="reference external" href="https://opencypher.org/">Neo4j’s openCypher</a> to come soon. The capabilities of GIE are amplified by
a sophisticated <a class="reference internal" href="../interactive_engine/design_of_gie.html"><span class="std std-doc">Intermediate Representation (IR) Layer</span></a> that
dissociates the query languages from the computing engines and stores.</p>
</section>
<section id="gaia">
<h2>GAIA<a class="headerlink" href="#gaia" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Gaia is a distributed data-parallel compute engine based on the cyclic dataflow computation model, which
has been employed by GIE to support large-scale interactive graph queries.
Gaia serves as the computation engine, lying at the core of the GraphScope system. Users can construct
the computation via a directed acyclic graph (DAG), and easily run the job on their laptop or even a
distributed environment across a cluster of computers. Note that cycle can be introduced via the loop
control flow, while the whole loop contexts will be wrapped in a scope within which the cycle is
completely hidden from the users. Scope is a unique concept of Gaia to handle complex control flow
such as loop and conditional. In addition, it is also the key to many application-level primitives,
e.g. correlated subtask, as well as advanced scheduling techniques, e.g. early-stop mechanism.</p>
<p>Read more: <a class="reference external" href="https://www.usenix.org/system/files/nsdi21-qian.pdf">Paper on NSDI 2021</a></p>
</section>
<section id="pegasus">
<h2>Pegasus<a class="headerlink" href="#pegasus" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>A legacy name of Gaia, for which we use Gaia and Pegasus interchangeably in the project.</p>
</section>
<section id="ingress">
<h2>Ingress<a class="headerlink" href="#ingress" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Ingress is an automated system for incremental graph processing. It is able to incrementalize batch vertex-centric algorithms into their incremental counterparts as a whole, without the need of redesigned logic or data structures from users. Underlying Ingress is an automated incrementalization framework equipped with four different memoization policies, to support all kinds of vertex-centric computations with optimized memory utilization.</p>
<p>Ingress is planned to be integrated into GraphScope, as an incrementalization module in the analytical engine(GAE).</p>
<p>Read more: <a class="reference external" href="http://vldb.org/pvldb/vol14/p1613-gong.pdf">Paper on VLDB2021</a></p>
</section>
<section id="pie-model">
<h2>PIE-model<a class="headerlink" href="#pie-model" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The subgraph centric programming model proposed in GRAPE, which is short for <u>P</u>artial evaluation, <u>I</u>ncremental evaluation and assembl<u>E</u>, the three core functions to fulfill in GRAPE.</p>
</section>
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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Glossary</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#flash">FLASH</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#grape">GRAPE</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gae">GAE</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gart">GART</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#grin">GRIN</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#graphar">GraphAr</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#groot">Groot</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gum">GUM</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#maxgraph-deprecated">MaxGraph (deprecated)</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#vineyard-or-v6d">Vineyard, or v6d</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gie">GIE</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#gaia">GAIA</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#pegasus">Pegasus</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ingress">Ingress</a></li>
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