delong.py

import numpy as np
import scipy.stats
from scipy import stats

# Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/a/53180614/7521428

# Original creator comment included below. 
"""
Created on Tue Nov  6 10:06:52 2018

@author: yandexdataschool

Original Code found in:
https://github.com/yandexdataschool/roc_comparison

updated: Raul Sanchez-Vazquez
"""

# AUC comparison adapted from
# https://github.com/Netflix/vmaf/
def compute_midrank(x):
    """Computes midranks.
    Args:
       x - a 1D numpy array
    Returns:
       array of midranks
    """
    J = np.argsort(x)
    Z = x[J]
    N = len(x)
    T = np.zeros(N, dtype=np.float)
    i = 0
    while i < N:
        j = i
        while j < N and Z[j] == Z[i]:
            j += 1
        T[i:j] = 0.5*(i + j - 1)
        i = j
    T2 = np.empty(N, dtype=np.float)
    # Note(kazeevn) +1 is due to Python using 0-based indexing
    # instead of 1-based in the AUC formula in the paper
    T2[J] = T + 1
    return T2


def compute_midrank_weight(x, sample_weight):
    """Computes midranks.
    Args:
       x - a 1D numpy array
    Returns:
       array of midranks
    """
    J = np.argsort(x)
    Z = x[J]
    cumulative_weight = np.cumsum(sample_weight[J])
    N = len(x)
    T = np.zeros(N, dtype=np.float)
    i = 0
    while i < N:
        j = i
        while j < N and Z[j] == Z[i]:
            j += 1
        T[i:j] = cumulative_weight[i:j].mean()
        i = j
    T2 = np.empty(N, dtype=np.float)
    T2[J] = T
    return T2


def fastDeLong(predictions_sorted_transposed, label_1_count, sample_weight):
    if sample_weight is None:
        return fastDeLong_no_weights(predictions_sorted_transposed, label_1_count)
    else:
        return fastDeLong_weights(predictions_sorted_transposed, label_1_count, sample_weight)


def fastDeLong_weights(predictions_sorted_transposed, label_1_count, sample_weight):
    """
    The fast version of DeLong's method for computing the covariance of
    unadjusted AUC.
    Args:
       predictions_sorted_transposed: a 2D numpy.array[n_classifiers, n_examples]
          sorted such as the examples with label "1" are first
    Returns:
       (AUC value, DeLong covariance)
    Reference:
     @article{sun2014fast,
       title={Fast Implementation of DeLong's Algorithm for
              Comparing the Areas Under Correlated Receiver Oerating Characteristic Curves},
       author={Xu Sun and Weichao Xu},
       journal={IEEE Signal Processing Letters},
       volume={21},
       number={11},
       pages={1389--1393},
       year={2014},
       publisher={IEEE}
     }
    """
    # Short variables are named as they are in the paper
    m = label_1_count
    n = predictions_sorted_transposed.shape[1] - m
    positive_examples = predictions_sorted_transposed[:, :m]
    negative_examples = predictions_sorted_transposed[:, m:]
    k = predictions_sorted_transposed.shape[0]

    tx = np.empty([k, m], dtype=np.float)
    ty = np.empty([k, n], dtype=np.float)
    tz = np.empty([k, m + n], dtype=np.float)
    for r in range(k):
        tx[r, :] = compute_midrank_weight(positive_examples[r, :], sample_weight[:m])
        ty[r, :] = compute_midrank_weight(negative_examples[r, :], sample_weight[m:])
        tz[r, :] = compute_midrank_weight(predictions_sorted_transposed[r, :], sample_weight)
    total_positive_weights = sample_weight[:m].sum()
    total_negative_weights = sample_weight[m:].sum()
    pair_weights = np.dot(sample_weight[:m, np.newaxis], sample_weight[np.newaxis, m:])
    total_pair_weights = pair_weights.sum()
    aucs = (sample_weight[:m]*(tz[:, :m] - tx)).sum(axis=1) / total_pair_weights
    v01 = (tz[:, :m] - tx[:, :]) / total_negative_weights
    v10 = 1. - (tz[:, m:] - ty[:, :]) / total_positive_weights
    sx = np.cov(v01)
    sy = np.cov(v10)
    delongcov = sx / m + sy / n
    return aucs, delongcov


def fastDeLong_no_weights(predictions_sorted_transposed, label_1_count):
    """
    The fast version of DeLong's method for computing the covariance of
    unadjusted AUC.
    Args:
       predictions_sorted_transposed: a 2D numpy.array[n_classifiers, n_examples]
          sorted such as the examples with label "1" are first
    Returns:
       (AUC value, DeLong covariance)
    Reference:
     @article{sun2014fast,
       title={Fast Implementation of DeLong's Algorithm for
              Comparing the Areas Under Correlated Receiver Oerating
              Characteristic Curves},
       author={Xu Sun and Weichao Xu},
       journal={IEEE Signal Processing Letters},
       volume={21},
       number={11},
       pages={1389--1393},
       year={2014},
       publisher={IEEE}
     }
    """
    # Short variables are named as they are in the paper
    m = label_1_count
    n = predictions_sorted_transposed.shape[1] - m
    positive_examples = predictions_sorted_transposed[:, :m]
    negative_examples = predictions_sorted_transposed[:, m:]
    k = predictions_sorted_transposed.shape[0]

    tx = np.empty([k, m], dtype=np.float)
    ty = np.empty([k, n], dtype=np.float)
    tz = np.empty([k, m + n], dtype=np.float)
    for r in range(k):
        tx[r, :] = compute_midrank(positive_examples[r, :])
        ty[r, :] = compute_midrank(negative_examples[r, :])
        tz[r, :] = compute_midrank(predictions_sorted_transposed[r, :])
    aucs = tz[:, :m].sum(axis=1) / m / n - float(m + 1.0) / 2.0 / n
    v01 = (tz[:, :m] - tx[:, :]) / n
    v10 = 1.0 - (tz[:, m:] - ty[:, :]) / m
    sx = np.cov(v01)
    sy = np.cov(v10)
    delongcov = sx / m + sy / n
    return aucs, delongcov


def calc_pvalue(aucs, sigma):
    """Computes log(10) of p-values.
    Args:
       aucs: 1D array of AUCs
       sigma: AUC DeLong covariances
    Returns:
       log10(pvalue)
    """
    l = np.array([[1, -1]])
    z = np.abs(np.diff(aucs)) / np.sqrt(np.dot(np.dot(l, sigma), l.T))
    return np.log10(2) + scipy.stats.norm.logsf(z, loc=0, scale=1) / np.log(10)


def compute_ground_truth_statistics(ground_truth, sample_weight):
    assert np.array_equal(np.unique(ground_truth), [0, 1])
    order = (-ground_truth).argsort()
    label_1_count = int(ground_truth.sum())
    if sample_weight is None:
        ordered_sample_weight = None
    else:
        ordered_sample_weight = sample_weight[order]

    return order, label_1_count, ordered_sample_weight


def delong_roc_variance(ground_truth, predictions, sample_weight=None):
    """
    Computes ROC AUC variance for a single set of predictions
    Args:
       ground_truth: np.array of 0 and 1
       predictions: np.array of floats of the probability of being class 1
    """
    order, label_1_count, ordered_sample_weight = compute_ground_truth_statistics(
        ground_truth, sample_weight)
    predictions_sorted_transposed = predictions[np.newaxis, order]
    aucs, delongcov = fastDeLong(predictions_sorted_transposed, label_1_count, ordered_sample_weight)
    assert len(aucs) == 1, "There is a bug in the code, please forward this to the developers"
    return aucs[0], delongcov

def print_delong_AUROCs(y_groundtruth, y_predictions):
    alpha = .95
    y_p = np.asarray(y_predictions).reshape(-1)
    y_true = np.asarray(y_groundtruth).reshape(-1)

    auc, auc_cov = delong_roc_variance(
        y_true,
        y_p)

    auc_std = np.sqrt(auc_cov)
    lower_upper_q = np.abs(np.array([0, 1]) - (1 - alpha) / 2)

    ci = stats.norm.ppf(
        lower_upper_q,
        loc=auc,
        scale=auc_std)

    ci[ci > 1] = 1

    print('Delong CIs follow.')
    print('AUC:', auc)
    print('AUC COV:', auc_cov)
    print('95% AUC CI:', ci)

    return auc, auc_cov, ci