orthographic.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import torch\n",
    "\n",
    "def return_rays (H=400,W=400,f=1200):\n",
    "    \n",
    "    rays_o = np.zeros((H*W, 3))\n",
    "    rays_d = np.zeros((H*W, 3))\n",
    "    u = np.arange(W)\n",
    "    v = np.arange(H)\n",
    "    u, v = np.meshgrid(u, v)\n",
    "\n",
    "    rays_o = np.stack((u - W / 2,\n",
    "                    -(v - H / 2),\n",
    "                    np.zeros((H,W))), axis=-1)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "    dirs = np.stack((u - W / 2,\n",
    "                    -(v - H / 2),\n",
    "                    - np.ones_like(u) * f), axis=-1)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    rays_d = dirs / np.linalg.norm(dirs, axis=-1, keepdims=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "    return rays_o, rays_d"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[-200.  200.    0.]\n",
      "[-0.16222142  0.16222142 -0.97332853]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rays_o,rays_d = return_rays()\n",
    "print(rays_o[0,0])\n",
    "print(rays_d[0,0])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "\n",
    "def project_rays(o,d,t):\n",
    "    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(24,24))\n",
    "    ax = fig.add_subplot(projection='3d')\n",
    "    pt1 = o\n",
    "    pt2 = o + t * d\n",
    "\n",
    "    for p1,p2 in zip(pt1,pt2):\n",
    "        plt.plot([p1[0],p2[0]],[p1[1],p2[1]],[p1[2],p2[2]])\n",
    "    \n",
    "    plt.show()\n",
    "         \n",
    "        "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "operands could not be broadcast together with remapped shapes [original->remapped]: (6,)  and requested shape (2,)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[38], line 2\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m rays_o,rays_d \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m return_rays()\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0m project_rays(rays_o,rays_d,\u001b[39m1\u001b[39;49m)\n",
      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[37], line 10\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mproject_rays\u001b[0;34m(o, d, t)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      7\u001b[0m pt2 \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m o \u001b[39m+\u001b[39m t \u001b[39m*\u001b[39m d\n\u001b[1;32m      9\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfor\u001b[39;00m p1,p2 \u001b[39min\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mzip\u001b[39m(pt1,pt2):\n\u001b[0;32m---> 10\u001b[0m     plt\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mplot([p1[\u001b[39m0\u001b[39;49m],p2[\u001b[39m0\u001b[39;49m]],[p1[\u001b[39m1\u001b[39;49m],p2[\u001b[39m1\u001b[39;49m]],[p1[\u001b[39m2\u001b[39;49m],p2[\u001b[39m2\u001b[39;49m]])\n\u001b[1;32m     12\u001b[0m plt\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mshow()\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py:2812\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mplot\u001b[0;34m(scalex, scaley, data, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   2810\u001b[0m \u001b[39m@_copy_docstring_and_deprecators\u001b[39m(Axes\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mplot)\n\u001b[1;32m   2811\u001b[0m \u001b[39mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mplot\u001b[39m(\u001b[39m*\u001b[39margs, scalex\u001b[39m=\u001b[39m\u001b[39mTrue\u001b[39;00m, scaley\u001b[39m=\u001b[39m\u001b[39mTrue\u001b[39;00m, data\u001b[39m=\u001b[39m\u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39m\u001b[39m*\u001b[39mkwargs):\n\u001b[0;32m-> 2812\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m gca()\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mplot(\n\u001b[1;32m   2813\u001b[0m         \u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49margs, scalex\u001b[39m=\u001b[39;49mscalex, scaley\u001b[39m=\u001b[39;49mscaley,\n\u001b[1;32m   2814\u001b[0m         \u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49m({\u001b[39m\"\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39mdata\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m\"\u001b[39;49m: data} \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;49;00m data \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;49;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;49;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;49;00m \u001b[39melse\u001b[39;49;00m {}), \u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49mkwargs)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py:1488\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mAxes3D.plot\u001b[0;34m(self, xs, ys, zdir, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1486\u001b[0m lines \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m \u001b[39msuper\u001b[39m()\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mplot(xs, ys, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39margs, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39m\u001b[39m*\u001b[39mkwargs)\n\u001b[1;32m   1487\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfor\u001b[39;00m line \u001b[39min\u001b[39;00m lines:\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1488\u001b[0m     art3d\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mline_2d_to_3d(line, zs\u001b[39m=\u001b[39;49mzs, zdir\u001b[39m=\u001b[39;49mzdir)\n\u001b[1;32m   1490\u001b[0m xs, ys, zs \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m art3d\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mjuggle_axes(xs, ys, zs, zdir)\n\u001b[1;32m   1491\u001b[0m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mauto_scale_xyz(xs, ys, zs, had_data)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/art3d.py:290\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mline_2d_to_3d\u001b[0;34m(line, zs, zdir)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    277\u001b[0m \u001b[39m\u001b[39m\u001b[39m\"\"\"\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    278\u001b[0m \u001b[39mConvert a `.Line2D` to a `.Line3D` object.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    279\u001b[0m \n\u001b[0;32m   (...)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    286\u001b[0m \u001b[39m    See `.get_dir_vector` for a description of the values.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    287\u001b[0m \u001b[39m\"\"\"\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    289\u001b[0m line\u001b[39m.\u001b[39m\u001b[39m__class__\u001b[39m \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m Line3D\n\u001b[0;32m--> 290\u001b[0m line\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mset_3d_properties(zs, zdir)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/art3d.py:227\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mLine3D.set_3d_properties\u001b[0;34m(self, zs, zdir)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    225\u001b[0m ys \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_ydata()\n\u001b[1;32m    226\u001b[0m zs \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m cbook\u001b[39m.\u001b[39m_to_unmasked_float_array(zs)\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mravel()\n\u001b[0;32m--> 227\u001b[0m zs \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m np\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mbroadcast_to(zs, \u001b[39mlen\u001b[39;49m(xs))\n\u001b[1;32m    228\u001b[0m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39m_verts3d \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m juggle_axes(xs, ys, zs, zdir)\n\u001b[1;32m    229\u001b[0m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstale \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m \u001b[39mTrue\u001b[39;00m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m<__array_function__ internals>:200\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mbroadcast_to\u001b[0;34m(*args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.py:413\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mbroadcast_to\u001b[0;34m(array, shape, subok)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    367\u001b[0m \u001b[39m@array_function_dispatch\u001b[39m(_broadcast_to_dispatcher, module\u001b[39m=\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39mnumpy\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[1;32m    368\u001b[0m \u001b[39mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mbroadcast_to\u001b[39m(array, shape, subok\u001b[39m=\u001b[39m\u001b[39mFalse\u001b[39;00m):\n\u001b[1;32m    369\u001b[0m \u001b[39m    \u001b[39m\u001b[39m\"\"\"Broadcast an array to a new shape.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    370\u001b[0m \n\u001b[1;32m    371\u001b[0m \u001b[39m    Parameters\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m   (...)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    411\u001b[0m \u001b[39m           [1, 2, 3]])\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    412\u001b[0m \u001b[39m    \"\"\"\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 413\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m _broadcast_to(array, shape, subok\u001b[39m=\u001b[39;49msubok, readonly\u001b[39m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39mTrue\u001b[39;49;00m)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/lib/stride_tricks.py:349\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_broadcast_to\u001b[0;34m(array, shape, subok, readonly)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    346\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mraise\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mValueError\u001b[39;00m(\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39mall elements of broadcast shape must be non-\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\n\u001b[1;32m    347\u001b[0m                      \u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39mnegative\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[1;32m    348\u001b[0m extras \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m []\n\u001b[0;32m--> 349\u001b[0m it \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m np\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mnditer(\n\u001b[1;32m    350\u001b[0m     (array,), flags\u001b[39m=\u001b[39;49m[\u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39mmulti_index\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m, \u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39mrefs_ok\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m, \u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39mzerosize_ok\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m] \u001b[39m+\u001b[39;49m extras,\n\u001b[1;32m    351\u001b[0m     op_flags\u001b[39m=\u001b[39;49m[\u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39mreadonly\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m], itershape\u001b[39m=\u001b[39;49mshape, order\u001b[39m=\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39mC\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39;49m)\n\u001b[1;32m    352\u001b[0m \u001b[39mwith\u001b[39;00m it:\n\u001b[1;32m    353\u001b[0m     \u001b[39m# never really has writebackifcopy semantics\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    354\u001b[0m     broadcast \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m it\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mitviews[\u001b[39m0\u001b[39m]\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: operands could not be broadcast together with remapped shapes [original->remapped]: (6,)  and requested shape (2,)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Error in callback <function _draw_all_if_interactive at 0x169c304c0> (for post_execute):\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "AttributeError",
     "evalue": "'Line3D' object has no attribute '_verts3d'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py:120\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_draw_all_if_interactive\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    118\u001b[0m \u001b[39mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39m_draw_all_if_interactive\u001b[39m():\n\u001b[1;32m    119\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m matplotlib\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mis_interactive():\n\u001b[0;32m--> 120\u001b[0m         draw_all()\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/_pylab_helpers.py:132\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mGcf.draw_all\u001b[0;34m(cls, force)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    130\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfor\u001b[39;00m manager \u001b[39min\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mcls\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_all_fig_managers():\n\u001b[1;32m    131\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m force \u001b[39mor\u001b[39;00m manager\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mcanvas\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mfigure\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstale:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 132\u001b[0m         manager\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mcanvas\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mdraw_idle()\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py:2082\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mFigureCanvasBase.draw_idle\u001b[0;34m(self, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   2080\u001b[0m \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39m_is_idle_drawing:\n\u001b[1;32m   2081\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mwith\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39m_idle_draw_cntx():\n\u001b[0;32m-> 2082\u001b[0m         \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mdraw(\u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49margs, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49mkwargs)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py:400\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mFigureCanvasAgg.draw\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    396\u001b[0m \u001b[39m# Acquire a lock on the shared font cache.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    397\u001b[0m \u001b[39mwith\u001b[39;00m RendererAgg\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mlock, \\\n\u001b[1;32m    398\u001b[0m      (\u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mtoolbar\u001b[39m.\u001b[39m_wait_cursor_for_draw_cm() \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mtoolbar\n\u001b[1;32m    399\u001b[0m       \u001b[39melse\u001b[39;00m nullcontext()):\n\u001b[0;32m--> 400\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mfigure\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mdraw(\u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mrenderer)\n\u001b[1;32m    401\u001b[0m     \u001b[39m# A GUI class may be need to update a window using this draw, so\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    402\u001b[0m     \u001b[39m# don't forget to call the superclass.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    403\u001b[0m     \u001b[39msuper\u001b[39m()\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mdraw()\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:95\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_finalize_rasterization.<locals>.draw_wrapper\u001b[0;34m(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     93\u001b[0m \u001b[39m@wraps\u001b[39m(draw)\n\u001b[1;32m     94\u001b[0m \u001b[39mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mdraw_wrapper\u001b[39m(artist, renderer, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39margs, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39m\u001b[39m*\u001b[39mkwargs):\n\u001b[0;32m---> 95\u001b[0m     result \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m draw(artist, renderer, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49margs, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49mkwargs)\n\u001b[1;32m     96\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39m_rasterizing:\n\u001b[1;32m     97\u001b[0m         renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstop_rasterizing()\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:72\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mallow_rasterization.<locals>.draw_wrapper\u001b[0;34m(artist, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     69\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     70\u001b[0m         renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstart_filter()\n\u001b[0;32m---> 72\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m draw(artist, renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m     73\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfinally\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py:3175\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mFigure.draw\u001b[0;34m(self, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   3172\u001b[0m         \u001b[39m# ValueError can occur when resizing a window.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   3174\u001b[0m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mpatch\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mdraw(renderer)\n\u001b[0;32m-> 3175\u001b[0m mimage\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49m_draw_list_compositing_images(\n\u001b[1;32m   3176\u001b[0m     renderer, \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m, artists, \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49msuppressComposite)\n\u001b[1;32m   3178\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfor\u001b[39;00m sfig \u001b[39min\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39msubfigs:\n\u001b[1;32m   3179\u001b[0m     sfig\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mdraw(renderer)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py:131\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_draw_list_compositing_images\u001b[0;34m(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    129\u001b[0m \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m not_composite \u001b[39mor\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m has_images:\n\u001b[1;32m    130\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mfor\u001b[39;00m a \u001b[39min\u001b[39;00m artists:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 131\u001b[0m         a\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mdraw(renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m    132\u001b[0m \u001b[39melse\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    133\u001b[0m     \u001b[39m# Composite any adjacent images together\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    134\u001b[0m     image_group \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m []\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:72\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mallow_rasterization.<locals>.draw_wrapper\u001b[0;34m(artist, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     69\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     70\u001b[0m         renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstart_filter()\n\u001b[0;32m---> 72\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m draw(artist, renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m     73\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfinally\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py:492\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mAxes3D.draw\u001b[0;34m(self, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    489\u001b[0m         axis\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mdraw(renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m    491\u001b[0m \u001b[39m# Then rest\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 492\u001b[0m \u001b[39msuper\u001b[39;49m()\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mdraw(renderer)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:72\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mallow_rasterization.<locals>.draw_wrapper\u001b[0;34m(artist, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     69\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     70\u001b[0m         renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstart_filter()\n\u001b[0;32m---> 72\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m draw(artist, renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m     73\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfinally\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py:3064\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_AxesBase.draw\u001b[0;34m(self, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   3061\u001b[0m \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artists_rasterized:\n\u001b[1;32m   3062\u001b[0m     _draw_rasterized(\u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mfigure, artists_rasterized, renderer)\n\u001b[0;32m-> 3064\u001b[0m mimage\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49m_draw_list_compositing_images(\n\u001b[1;32m   3065\u001b[0m     renderer, \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m, artists, \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mfigure\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49msuppressComposite)\n\u001b[1;32m   3067\u001b[0m renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mclose_group(\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39maxes\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[1;32m   3068\u001b[0m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstale \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m \u001b[39mFalse\u001b[39;00m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py:131\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_draw_list_compositing_images\u001b[0;34m(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    129\u001b[0m \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m not_composite \u001b[39mor\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m has_images:\n\u001b[1;32m    130\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mfor\u001b[39;00m a \u001b[39min\u001b[39;00m artists:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 131\u001b[0m         a\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mdraw(renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m    132\u001b[0m \u001b[39melse\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    133\u001b[0m     \u001b[39m# Composite any adjacent images together\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    134\u001b[0m     image_group \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m []\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:72\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mallow_rasterization.<locals>.draw_wrapper\u001b[0;34m(artist, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     69\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     70\u001b[0m         renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstart_filter()\n\u001b[0;32m---> 72\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m draw(artist, renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m     73\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfinally\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/art3d.py:269\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mLine3D.draw\u001b[0;34m(self, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    267\u001b[0m \u001b[39m@artist\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mallow_rasterization\n\u001b[1;32m    268\u001b[0m \u001b[39mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mdraw\u001b[39m(\u001b[39mself\u001b[39m, renderer):\n\u001b[0;32m--> 269\u001b[0m     xs3d, ys3d, zs3d \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49m_verts3d\n\u001b[1;32m    270\u001b[0m     xs, ys, zs \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m proj3d\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mproj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39maxes\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mM)\n\u001b[1;32m    271\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mset_data(xs, ys)\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'Line3D' object has no attribute '_verts3d'"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "AttributeError",
     "evalue": "'Line3D' object has no attribute '_verts3d'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/IPython/core/formatters.py:340\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mBaseFormatter.__call__\u001b[0;34m(self, obj)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    338\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mpass\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    339\u001b[0m \u001b[39melse\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 340\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m printer(obj)\n\u001b[1;32m    341\u001b[0m \u001b[39m# Finally look for special method names\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    342\u001b[0m method \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m get_real_method(obj, \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mprint_method)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/IPython/core/pylabtools.py:152\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mprint_figure\u001b[0;34m(fig, fmt, bbox_inches, base64, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    149\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mfrom\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mmatplotlib\u001b[39;00m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;00m\u001b[39mbackend_bases\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mimport\u001b[39;00m FigureCanvasBase\n\u001b[1;32m    150\u001b[0m     FigureCanvasBase(fig)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 152\u001b[0m fig\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mcanvas\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mprint_figure(bytes_io, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49mkw)\n\u001b[1;32m    153\u001b[0m data \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m bytes_io\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mgetvalue()\n\u001b[1;32m    154\u001b[0m \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m fmt \u001b[39m==\u001b[39m \u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39msvg\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py:2342\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mFigureCanvasBase.print_figure\u001b[0;34m(self, filename, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, orientation, format, bbox_inches, pad_inches, bbox_extra_artists, backend, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   2336\u001b[0m     renderer \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m _get_renderer(\n\u001b[1;32m   2337\u001b[0m         \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mfigure,\n\u001b[1;32m   2338\u001b[0m         functools\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mpartial(\n\u001b[1;32m   2339\u001b[0m             print_method, orientation\u001b[39m=\u001b[39morientation)\n\u001b[1;32m   2340\u001b[0m     )\n\u001b[1;32m   2341\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mwith\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mgetattr\u001b[39m(renderer, \u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[39m_draw_disabled\u001b[39m\u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m, nullcontext)():\n\u001b[0;32m-> 2342\u001b[0m         \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mfigure\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mdraw(renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m   2344\u001b[0m \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m bbox_inches:\n\u001b[1;32m   2345\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m bbox_inches \u001b[39m==\u001b[39m \u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m\u001b[39mtight\u001b[39m\u001b[39m\"\u001b[39m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:95\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_finalize_rasterization.<locals>.draw_wrapper\u001b[0;34m(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     93\u001b[0m \u001b[39m@wraps\u001b[39m(draw)\n\u001b[1;32m     94\u001b[0m \u001b[39mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mdraw_wrapper\u001b[39m(artist, renderer, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39margs, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39m\u001b[39m*\u001b[39mkwargs):\n\u001b[0;32m---> 95\u001b[0m     result \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m draw(artist, renderer, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49margs, \u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m*\u001b[39;49mkwargs)\n\u001b[1;32m     96\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39m_rasterizing:\n\u001b[1;32m     97\u001b[0m         renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstop_rasterizing()\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:72\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mallow_rasterization.<locals>.draw_wrapper\u001b[0;34m(artist, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     69\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     70\u001b[0m         renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstart_filter()\n\u001b[0;32m---> 72\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m draw(artist, renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m     73\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfinally\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py:3175\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mFigure.draw\u001b[0;34m(self, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   3172\u001b[0m         \u001b[39m# ValueError can occur when resizing a window.\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m   3174\u001b[0m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mpatch\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mdraw(renderer)\n\u001b[0;32m-> 3175\u001b[0m mimage\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49m_draw_list_compositing_images(\n\u001b[1;32m   3176\u001b[0m     renderer, \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m, artists, \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49msuppressComposite)\n\u001b[1;32m   3178\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfor\u001b[39;00m sfig \u001b[39min\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39msubfigs:\n\u001b[1;32m   3179\u001b[0m     sfig\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mdraw(renderer)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py:131\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_draw_list_compositing_images\u001b[0;34m(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    129\u001b[0m \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m not_composite \u001b[39mor\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m has_images:\n\u001b[1;32m    130\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mfor\u001b[39;00m a \u001b[39min\u001b[39;00m artists:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 131\u001b[0m         a\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mdraw(renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m    132\u001b[0m \u001b[39melse\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    133\u001b[0m     \u001b[39m# Composite any adjacent images together\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    134\u001b[0m     image_group \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m []\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:72\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mallow_rasterization.<locals>.draw_wrapper\u001b[0;34m(artist, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     69\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     70\u001b[0m         renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstart_filter()\n\u001b[0;32m---> 72\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m draw(artist, renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m     73\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfinally\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/axes3d.py:492\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mAxes3D.draw\u001b[0;34m(self, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    489\u001b[0m         axis\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mdraw(renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m    491\u001b[0m \u001b[39m# Then rest\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 492\u001b[0m \u001b[39msuper\u001b[39;49m()\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mdraw(renderer)\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:72\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mallow_rasterization.<locals>.draw_wrapper\u001b[0;34m(artist, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     69\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     70\u001b[0m         renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstart_filter()\n\u001b[0;32m---> 72\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m draw(artist, renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m     73\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfinally\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py:3064\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_AxesBase.draw\u001b[0;34m(self, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   3061\u001b[0m \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artists_rasterized:\n\u001b[1;32m   3062\u001b[0m     _draw_rasterized(\u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mfigure, artists_rasterized, renderer)\n\u001b[0;32m-> 3064\u001b[0m mimage\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49m_draw_list_compositing_images(\n\u001b[1;32m   3065\u001b[0m     renderer, \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m, artists, \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mfigure\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49msuppressComposite)\n\u001b[1;32m   3067\u001b[0m renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mclose_group(\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m\u001b[39maxes\u001b[39m\u001b[39m'\u001b[39m)\n\u001b[1;32m   3068\u001b[0m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstale \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m \u001b[39mFalse\u001b[39;00m\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/image.py:131\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36m_draw_list_compositing_images\u001b[0;34m(renderer, parent, artists, suppress_composite)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    129\u001b[0m \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m not_composite \u001b[39mor\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m has_images:\n\u001b[1;32m    130\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mfor\u001b[39;00m a \u001b[39min\u001b[39;00m artists:\n\u001b[0;32m--> 131\u001b[0m         a\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49mdraw(renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m    132\u001b[0m \u001b[39melse\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m    133\u001b[0m     \u001b[39m# Composite any adjacent images together\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m    134\u001b[0m     image_group \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m []\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/matplotlib/artist.py:72\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mallow_rasterization.<locals>.draw_wrapper\u001b[0;34m(artist, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     69\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     70\u001b[0m         renderer\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mstart_filter()\n\u001b[0;32m---> 72\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mreturn\u001b[39;00m draw(artist, renderer)\n\u001b[1;32m     73\u001b[0m \u001b[39mfinally\u001b[39;00m:\n\u001b[1;32m     74\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mif\u001b[39;00m artist\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mget_agg_filter() \u001b[39mis\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mnot\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mNone\u001b[39;00m:\n",
      "File \u001b[0;32m~/Developer/udemy-nerf/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/art3d.py:269\u001b[0m, in \u001b[0;36mLine3D.draw\u001b[0;34m(self, renderer)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    267\u001b[0m \u001b[39m@artist\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mallow_rasterization\n\u001b[1;32m    268\u001b[0m \u001b[39mdef\u001b[39;00m \u001b[39mdraw\u001b[39m(\u001b[39mself\u001b[39m, renderer):\n\u001b[0;32m--> 269\u001b[0m     xs3d, ys3d, zs3d \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m \u001b[39mself\u001b[39;49m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39;49m_verts3d\n\u001b[1;32m    270\u001b[0m     xs, ys, zs \u001b[39m=\u001b[39m proj3d\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mproj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39maxes\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mM)\n\u001b[1;32m    271\u001b[0m     \u001b[39mself\u001b[39m\u001b[39m.\u001b[39mset_data(xs, ys)\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mAttributeError\u001b[0m: 'Line3D' object has no attribute '_verts3d'"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 2400x2400 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "rays_o,rays_d = return_rays()\n",
    "project_rays(rays_o,rays_d,1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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