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arp

arp stands for Address Resolution Protocol is a protocol for mapping an IP address to a physical MAC address on a local area network. arp is a program used by a computer system to find another computer's MAC address based on its IP address.

why mac?

The reason is simple, any local communications would use MAC address, not IP address. When a computer wants to communicate with another computer on a different network, the IP address would be used. The IP address is like your mailing address while MAC address is like your name.

cache

arp cache is a table of IP addresses with their corresponding MAC addresses.

Example

computer's ARP table

arp -a

Reverse ARP

rarp is a network layer protocol and It allows any host to obtain its IP address from the server.

Resources