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emulator.h
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emulator.h
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//==============================================================================
// _____ __ __ __ ____ ____ ___ _ __
// | ____| \/ | / /_| ___| / ___( _ )/ |/ /_
// | _| | |\/| |_____| '_ \___ \| | / _ \| | '_ \
// | |___| | | |_____| (_) |__) | |__| (_) | | (_) |
// |_____|_|__|_|___ __\___/____/ \____\___/|_|\___/
// | ____/ ___|| _ \___ /___ \
// | _| \___ \| |_) ||_ \ __) |
// | |___ ___) | __/___) / __/
// |_____|____/|_| |____/_____|
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (C),2019 Andrew John Jacobs
// All rights reserved.
//
// This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons
// Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Open the
// following URL to see the details.
//
// http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Notes:
//
//==============================================================================
#ifndef EMULATOR_H
#define EMULATOR_H
#include <stdint.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "Memory.h"
//==============================================================================
// Macros
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#if 0
#define SHOW_PC() Trace::start()
#define SHOW_CY(CY) Trace::cycles(CY)
#define BYTES(NM) Trace::bytes(NM)
#define TRACE(OP) Trace::trace (#OP, eal, eah)
#define CLK_FREQ 1
#else
#define SHOW_PC()
#define SHOW_CY(CY)
#define BYTES(NM)
#define TRACE(OP)
#define CLK_FREQ 100
#endif
//==============================================================================
// Data Types
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// A 16-bit word accessible as a whole or as high and lo bytes
union Word {
struct {
uint8_t l;
uint8_t h;
};
uint16_t w;
};
// A 24-bit address accessible as a whole or as an 8-bit bank number
union Address {
struct {
uint16_t w;
uint8_t b;
};
uint32_t a;
};
// The processor status flags as bits and as an 8-bit byte
union Flags {
struct {
uint8_t c : 1;
uint8_t z : 1;
uint8_t i : 1;
uint8_t d : 1;
uint8_t x : 1;
uint8_t m : 1;
uint8_t v : 1;
uint8_t n : 1;
};
uint8_t f;
};
// The interrupt enable and flag bits individually and as a 16-bit value
union Interrupts {
struct {
uint8_t tmr : 1;
uint8_t u1rx : 1;
uint8_t u1tx : 1;
};
uint16_t f;
};
//==============================================================================
// Opcode Function Table
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// A pointer to a opcode executing function
typedef uint8_t(*Opcode)(void);
// A set of pointers to functions that execution opcodes and interrupts
struct OpcodeSet {
const Opcode pIrq;
const Opcode pNmi;
const Opcode pAbort;
const Opcode pOpcode[256];
};
//==============================================================================
// Registers
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// The 65C816's register set and state variables
class Registers
{
protected:
static Word pc;
static Word sp;
static Word dp;
static Word c;
static Word x;
static Word y;
static Address pbr;
static Address dbr;
static Flags p;
static bool e;
static const OpcodeSet *pOpcodeSet;
static Interrupts ier;
static bool stopped;
static bool interrupted;
static bool waiting;
Registers(void) { }
// Set the Carry bit
static void setc(bool v)
{
p.c = v ? 1 : 0;
}
// Set the Zero bit
static void setz(bool v)
{
p.z = v ? 1 : 0;
}
// Set the Interrupt Disable bit
static void seti(bool v)
{
p.i = v ? 1 : 0;
}
// Set the Decimal Arithmetic bit
static void setd(bool v)
{
p.d = v ? 1 : 0;
}
// Set the Overflow bit
static void setv(bool v)
{
p.v = v ? 1 : 0;
}
// Set the Negative bit
static void setn(bool v)
{
p.n = v ? 1 : 0;
}
// Set the Negative and Zero flags to match an 8-bit value
static void setnz_b(uint8_t v)
{
setn(v & 0x80);
setz(v == 0x00);
}
// Set the Negative and Zero flags to match a 18-bit value
static void setnz_w(uint16_t v)
{
setn(v & 0x8000);
setz(v == 0x0000);
}
// Get a byte from memory
static uint8_t getByte(uint32_t l)
{
return (Memory::getByte(l));
}
// Get a word from memory
static uint16_t getWord(uint32_t l, uint32_t h)
{
return (getByte(l) | (getByte(h) << 8));
}
// Set a byte in memory
static void setByte(uint32_t l, uint8_t b)
{
return (Memory::setByte(l, b));
}
// Set a word in memory
static void setWord(uint32_t l, uint32_t h, uint16_t w)
{
setByte(l, w >> 0);
setByte(h, w >> 8);
}
// Set the emulation as stopped.
static void stop(void)
{
stopped = true;
}
public:
static volatile Interrupts ifr;
// Return the state of the stopped flag
static bool isStopped(void)
{
return (stopped);
}
};
//==============================================================================
// Trace Utility
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Trace : public Registers
{
private:
static bool enabled;
Trace(void) { }
static const char *toHex(uint32_t value, uint16_t digits);
public:
static void enable(bool state)
{
enabled = state;
}
static void start(void);
static void bytes(uint16_t count);
static void trace(const char *pOpcode, uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah);
static void cycles(uint16_t cycles);
};
//==============================================================================
// Emulator
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Emulator : public Registers
{
friend class Common;
friend class ModeE;
friend class ModeN;
private:
Emulator() { }
static void setMode(void);
public:
static void reset(void);
static uint8_t step(void)
{
if (ier.f & ifr.f) {
interrupted = true;
if (p.i == 0) (*(pOpcodeSet -> pIrq))();
}
SHOW_PC();
register uint8_t opcode = Memory::getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint8_t cycles = ((*(pOpcodeSet->pOpcode[opcode]))());
SHOW_CY(cycles);
return (cycles);
}
};
//==============================================================================
// Common Opcodes and Addressing Modes
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Common : public Registers
{
protected:
// Absolute Indirect (JMP only)
static uint8_t am_absi(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(2);
register uint16_t al = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint16_t ah = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
al = (ah << 8) | al;
ah = al + 1;
eal = pbr.a | getWord(pbr.a | al, pbr.a | ah);
eah = eal + 1;
return (4);
}
// Absolute Indexed by X Indirect (JMP & JSR only)
static uint8_t am_abxi(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(2);
register uint16_t al = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint16_t ah = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
al = (ah << 8) | al + x.w;
ah = al + 1;
eal = pbr.a | getWord(pbr.a | al, pbr.a | ah);
eah = eal + 1;
return (5);
}
// Absolute Indirect Long
static uint8_t am_abil(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(2);
register uint16_t al = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint16_t ah = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
al = (ah << 8) | al + x.w;
ah = al + 1;
register uint16_t au = ah + 1;
eal = (getByte(au) << 16) | getWord(al, ah);
eah = eal + 1;
return (4);
}
// Absolute Long
static uint8_t am_alng(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(3);
register uint8_t al = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint8_t ah = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint8_t au = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = ((au << 16) | (ah << 8) | al);
eah = eal + 1;
return (3);
}
// Absolute Long Indexed by X
static uint8_t am_alnx(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(3);
register uint8_t al = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint8_t ah = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint8_t au = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = ((au << 16) | (ah << 8) | al) + x.w;
eah = eal + 1;
return (3);
}
// Immediate Byte
static uint8_t am_immb(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
eal = pbr.a | pc.w++;
eah = 0;
return (0);
}
// Immediate Word (PEA only)
static uint8_t am_immw(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(2);
eal = pbr.a | pc.w++;
eah = pbr.a | pc.w++;
return (0);
}
// Implied
static uint8_t am_impl(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(0);
eal = eah = 0;
return (0);
}
// Relative
static uint8_t am_rela(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
register uint8_t dl = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = pbr.a | ((pc.w + (int8_t)dl) & 0xffff);
eah = 0;
return (1);
}
// Long Relative
static uint8_t am_lrel(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(2);
register uint8_t dl = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint8_t dh = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = pbr.a | ((pc.w + (int16_t)((dh << 8) | dl)) & 0xffff);
eah = 0;
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_clc(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(clc);
setc(false);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_cld(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(cld);
setd(false);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_cli(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(cli);
seti(false);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_clv(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(clv);
setv(false);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_jml(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(jml);
pbr.b = eal >> 16;
pc.w = (uint16_t)eal;
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_jmp(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(jmp);
pc.w = (uint16_t)eal;
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_nop(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(nop);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_sec(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(sec);
setc(true);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_sed(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(sed);
setd(true);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_sei(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(sei);
seti(true);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_stp(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(stp);
stop();
--pc.w;
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_tcd(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(tcd);
dp.w = c.w;
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_tcs(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(tcs);
sp.w = c.w;
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_tdc(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(tdc);
setnz_w(c.w = dp.w);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_tsc(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(tsc);
setnz_w(c.w = sp.w);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_wai(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(wai);
if (waiting) {
if (interrupted)
waiting = false;
else
--pc.w;
}
else {
interrupted = false;
waiting = true;
--pc.w;
}
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_wdm(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah);
static uint8_t op_xba(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(xba);
c.w = (c.l << 8) | c.h;
setnz_b(c.l);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_xce(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(xce);
register bool ne = p.c;
p.c = e;
e = ne;
Emulator::setMode();
return (2);
}
};
//==============================================================================
// Emulation Mode
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class ModeE : public Registers
{
private:
ModeE() { }
static void pushByte(uint8_t b)
{
setByte(sp.w, b);
--sp.l;
}
static uint8_t pullByte(void)
{
++sp.l;
return (getByte(sp.w));
}
protected:
static uint8_t do_irq(void)
{
pushByte(pc.h);
pushByte(pc.l);
pushByte((p.f | 0x20) & 0xef);
p.i = 1;
p.d = 0;
pc.w = getWord(0xfffe, 0xffff);
pbr.b = 0;
return (7);
}
static uint8_t do_nmi(void)
{
pushByte(pc.h);
pushByte(pc.l);
pushByte(p.f | 0x30);
p.i = 1;
p.d = 0;
pc.w = getWord(0xfffa, 0xfffb);
pbr.b = 0;
return (7);
}
static uint8_t do_abort(void)
{
pushByte(pc.h);
pushByte(pc.l);
pushByte(p.f | 0x30);
p.i = 1;
p.d = 0;
pc.w = getWord(0xfff8, 0xfff9);
pbr.b = 0;
return (7);
}
// Absolute
static uint8_t am_absl(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(2);
register uint8_t al = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint8_t ah = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = dbr.a | ((ah << 8) | al);
eah = eal + 1;
return (2);
}
// Absolute (JMP/JSR)
static uint8_t am_absp(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(2);
register uint8_t al = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint8_t ah = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = pbr.a | ((ah << 8) | al);
eah = eal + 1;
return (2);
}
// Absolute Indexed X
static uint8_t am_absx(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(2);
register uint8_t al = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint8_t ah = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = (dbr.a | ((ah << 8) | al)) + x.w;
eah = eal + 1;
return (2);
}
// Absolute Indexed Y
static uint8_t am_absy(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(2);
register uint8_t al = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint8_t ah = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = (dbr.a | ((ah << 8) | al)) + y.w;
eah = eal + 1;
return (2);
}
// Direct Page
static uint8_t am_dpag(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
register uint8_t of = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = dp.w + ((of + 0) & 0xff);
eah = dp.w + ((of + 1) & 0xff);
return ((dp.l) ? 2 : 1);
}
// Direct Page Indexed X
static uint8_t am_dpgx(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
register uint8_t of = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = (dp.w + ((of + x.l + 0) & 0xff)) & 0xffff;
eah = (dp.w + ((of + x.l + 1) & 0xff)) & 0xffff;
return ((dp.l) ? 2 : 1);
}
// Direct Page Indexed Y
static uint8_t am_dpgy(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
register uint8_t of = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = (dp.w + ((of + y.l + 0) & 0xff)) & 0xffff;
eah = (dp.w + ((of + y.l + 1) & 0xff)) & 0xffff;
return ((dp.l) ? 2 : 1);
}
// Direct Page Indirect
static uint8_t am_dpgi(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
register uint8_t of = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint16_t al = (dp.w + ((of + 0) & 0xff));
register uint16_t ah = (dp.w + ((of + 1) & 0xff));
eal = dbr.a | getWord(al, ah);
eah = eal + 1;
return ((dp.l) ? 4 : 3);
}
static uint8_t am_dpix(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
register uint8_t of = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint16_t al = (dp.w + ((of + x.l + 0) & 0xff));
register uint16_t ah = (dp.w + ((of + x.l + 1) & 0xff));
eal = dbr.a | getWord(al, ah);
eah = eal + 1;
return ((dp.l) ? 4 : 3);
}
static uint8_t am_dpiy(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
register uint8_t of = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint16_t al = (dp.w + ((of + 0) & 0xff));
register uint16_t ah = (dp.w + ((of + 1) & 0xff));
eal = (dbr.a | getWord(al, ah)) + y.l;
eah = eal + 1;
return ((dp.l) ? 4 : 3);
}
static uint8_t am_dpil(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
register uint8_t of = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint16_t al = (dp.w + ((of + 0) & 0xff));
register uint16_t ah = (dp.w + ((of + 1) & 0xff));
register uint16_t au = (dp.w + ((of + 2) & 0xff));
eal = ((getByte (au) << 16) | getWord (al, ah));
eah = eal + 1;
return (4);
}
static uint8_t am_dily(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
register uint8_t of = getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint16_t al = (dp.w + ((of + 0) & 0xff));
register uint16_t ah = (dp.w + ((of + 1) & 0xff));
register uint16_t au = (dp.w + ((of + 2) & 0xff));
eal = ((getByte (au) << 16) | getWord (al, ah)) + y.l;
eah = eal + 1;
return (4);
}
// Immediate (based on M)
static uint8_t am_immm(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
eal = pbr.a | pc.w++;
eah = 0;
return (0);
}
// Immediate (based on X)
static uint8_t am_immx(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
eal = pbr.a | pc.w++;
eah = 0;
return (0);
}
// Stack Relative
static uint8_t am_srel(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
register Word ad = sp;
ad.l += getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
eal = ad.w;
eah = 0;
return (2);
}
static uint8_t am_sriy(uint32_t &eal, uint32_t &eah)
{
BYTES(1);
register Word ad = sp;
ad.l += getByte(pbr.a | pc.w++);
register uint8_t al = getByte(ad.w++);
register uint8_t ah = getByte(ad.w++);
eal = (dbr.a | (ah << 8) | al) + y.l;
eah = eal + 1;
return (5);
}
static uint8_t op_adc(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(adc);
register uint8_t data = Memory::getByte(eal);
register uint16_t temp = c.l + data + p.c;
if (p.d) {
if ((temp & 0x0f) > 0x09) temp += 0x06;
if ((temp & 0xf0) > 0x90) temp += 0x60;
}
setc(temp & 0x100);
setv((~(c.l ^ data)) & (c.l ^ temp) & 0x80);
setnz_b(c.l = (uint8_t)temp);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_and(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(and);
setnz_b(c.l &= Memory::getByte(eal));
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_asl(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(asl);
register uint8_t data = Memory::getByte(eal);
setc(data & 0x80);
setnz_b(data <<= 1);
Memory::setByte(eal, data);
return (4);
}
static uint8_t op_asla(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(asl);
setc(c.l & 0x80);
setnz_b(c.l <<= 1);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_bcc(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(bcc);
register bool samePage = ((pc.w ^ eal) & 0xff00) == 0x0000;
if (p.c == 0) {
pc.w = eal;
return (samePage ? 3 : 4);
}
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_bcs(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(bcs);
register bool samePage = ((pc.w ^ eal) & 0xff00) == 0x0000;
if (p.c == 1) {
pc.w = eal;
return (samePage ? 3 : 4);
}
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_beq(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(beq);
register bool samePage = ((pc.w ^ eal) & 0xff00) == 0x0000;
if (p.z == 1) {
pc.w = eal;
return (samePage ? 3 : 4);
}
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_bit(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(bit);
register uint8_t data = getByte(eal);
setn(data & 0x80);
setv(data & 0x40);
setz((data & c.l) == 0x00);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_biti(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(bit);
register uint8_t data = getByte(eal);
setz((data & c.l) == 0x00);
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_bmi(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(bmi);
register bool samePage = ((pc.w ^ eal) & 0xff00) == 0x0000;
if (p.n == 1) {
pc.w = eal;
return (samePage ? 3 : 4);
}
return (2);
}
static uint8_t op_bne(uint32_t eal, uint32_t eah)
{
TRACE(bne);
register bool samePage = ((pc.w ^ eal) & 0xff00) == 0x0000;