http.js

'use strict';

/**
 * Parse headers into key value object
 *
 * @param {string} headers Raw headers as a string
 * @returns {Object} Parsed headers as key value object
 */
function parseHeaders(headers) {
  var parsed = {}, key, val, i;

  if (!headers) return parsed;

  forEach(headers.split('\n'), function(line) {
    i = line.indexOf(':');
    key = lowercase(trim(line.substr(0, i)));
    val = trim(line.substr(i + 1));

    if (key) {
      if (parsed[key]) {
        parsed[key] += ', ' + val;
      } else {
        parsed[key] = val;
      }
    }
  });

  return parsed;
}


/**
 * Returns a function that provides access to parsed headers.
 *
 * Headers are lazy parsed when first requested.
 * @see parseHeaders
 *
 * @param {(string|Object)} headers Headers to provide access to.
 * @returns {function(string=)} Returns a getter function which if called with:
 *
 *   - if called with single an argument returns a single header value or null
 *   - if called with no arguments returns an object containing all headers.
 */
function headersGetter(headers) {
  var headersObj = isObject(headers) ? headers : undefined;

  return function(name) {
    if (!headersObj) headersObj =  parseHeaders(headers);

    if (name) {
      return headersObj[lowercase(name)] || null;
    }

    return headersObj;
  };
}


/**
 * Chain all given functions
 *
 * This function is used for both request and response transforming
 *
 * @param {*} data Data to transform.
 * @param {function(string=)} headers Http headers getter fn.
 * @param {(function|Array.<function>)} fns Function or an array of functions.
 * @returns {*} Transformed data.
 */
function transformData(data, headers, fns) {
  if (isFunction(fns))
    return fns(data, headers);

  forEach(fns, function(fn) {
    data = fn(data, headers);
  });

  return data;
}


function isSuccess(status) {
  return 200 <= status && status < 300;
}


function $HttpProvider() {
  var JSON_START = /^\s*(\[|\{[^\{])/,
      JSON_END = /[\}\]]\s*$/,
      PROTECTION_PREFIX = /^\)\]\}',?\n/;

  var $config = this.defaults = {
    // transform incoming response data
    transformResponse: [function(data) {
      if (isString(data)) {
        // strip json vulnerability protection prefix
        data = data.replace(PROTECTION_PREFIX, '');
        if (JSON_START.test(data) && JSON_END.test(data))
          data = fromJson(data, true);
      }
      return data;
    }],

    // transform outgoing request data
    transformRequest: [function(d) {
      return isObject(d) && !isFile(d) ? toJson(d) : d;
    }],

    // default headers
    headers: {
      common: {
        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
        'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
      },
      post: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
      put:  {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    }
  };

  var providerResponseInterceptors = this.responseInterceptors = [];

  this.$get = ['$httpBackend', '$browser', '$cacheFactory', '$rootScope', '$q', '$injector',
      function($httpBackend, $browser, $cacheFactory, $rootScope, $q, $injector) {

    var defaultCache = $cacheFactory('$http'),
        responseInterceptors = [];

    forEach(providerResponseInterceptors, function(interceptor) {
      responseInterceptors.push(
          isString(interceptor)
              ? $injector.get(interceptor)
              : $injector.invoke(interceptor)
      );
    });


    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name angular.module.ng.$http
     * @requires $httpBacked
     * @requires $browser
     * @requires $cacheFactory
     * @requires $rootScope
     * @requires $q
     * @requires $injector
     *
     * @description
     * The `$http` service is a core Angular service that facilitates communication with the remote
     * HTTP servers via browser's {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en/xmlhttprequest
     * XMLHttpRequest} object or via {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP JSONP}.
     *
     * For unit testing applications that use `$http` service, see
     * {@link angular.module.ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
     *
     * For a higher level of abstraction, please check out the {@link angular.module.ngResource.$resource
     * $resource} service.
     *
     * The $http API is based on the {@link angular.module.ng.$q deferred/promise APIs} exposed by
     * the $q service. While for simple usage patters this doesn't matter much, for advanced usage,
     * it is important to familiarize yourself with these apis and guarantees they provide.
     *
     *
     * # General usage
     * The `$http` service is a function which takes a single argument — a configuration object —
     * that is used to generate an http request and returns  a {@link angular.module.ng.$q promise}
     * with two $http specific methods: `success` and `error`.
     *
     * <pre>
     *   $http({method: 'GET', url: '/someUrl'}).
     *     success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
     *       // this callback will be called asynchronously
     *       // when the response is available
     *     }).
     *     error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
     *       // called asynchronously if an error occurs
     *       // or server returns response with status
     *       // code outside of the <200, 400) range
     *     });
     * </pre>
     *
     * Since the returned value of calling the $http function is a Promise object, you can also use
     * the `then` method to register callbacks, and these callbacks will receive a single argument –
     * an object representing the response. See the api signature and type info below for more
     * details.
     *
     *
     * # Shortcut methods
     *
     * Since all invocation of the $http service require definition of the http method and url and
     * POST and PUT requests require response body/data to be provided as well, shortcut methods
     * were created to simplify using the api:
     *
     * <pre>
     *   $http.get('/someUrl').success(successCallback);
     *   $http.post('/someUrl', data).success(successCallback);
     * </pre>
     *
     * Complete list of shortcut methods:
     *
     * - {@link angular.module.ng.$http#get $http.get}
     * - {@link angular.module.ng.$http#head $http.head}
     * - {@link angular.module.ng.$http#post $http.post}
     * - {@link angular.module.ng.$http#put $http.put}
     * - {@link angular.module.ng.$http#delete $http.delete}
     * - {@link angular.module.ng.$http#jsonp $http.jsonp}
     *
     *
     * # Setting HTTP Headers
     *
     * The $http service will automatically add certain http headers to all requests. These defaults
     * can be fully configured by accessing the `$httpProvider.defaults.headers` configuration
     * object, which currently contains this default configuration:
     *
     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.common` (headers that are common for all requests):
     *   - `Accept: application/json, text/plain, * / *`
     *   - `X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest`
     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.post`: (header defaults for HTTP POST requests)
     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.put` (header defaults for HTTP PUT requests)
     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
     *
     * To add or overwrite these defaults, simply add or remove a property from this configuration
     * objects. To add headers for an HTTP method other than POST or PUT, simply add a new object
     * with name equal to the lower-cased http method name, e.g.
     * `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.get['My-Header']='value'`.
     *
     *
     * # Transforming Requests and Responses
     *
     * Both requests and responses can be transformed using transform functions. By default, Angular
     * applies these transformations:
     *
     * Request transformations:
     *
     * - if the `data` property of the request config object contains an object, serialize it into
     *   JSON format.
     *
     * Response transformations:
     *
     *  - if XSRF prefix is detected, strip it (see Security Considerations section below)
     *  - if json response is detected, deserialize it using a JSON parser
     *
     * To override these transformation locally, specify transform functions as `transformRequest`
     * and/or `transformResponse` properties of the config object. To globally override the default
     * transforms, override the `$httpProvider.defaults.transformRequest` and
     * `$httpProvider.defaults.transformResponse` properties of the `$httpProvider`.
     *
     *
     * # Caching
     *
     * To enable caching set the configuration property `cache` to `true`. When the cache is
     * enabled, `$http` stores the response from the server in local cache. Next time the
     * response is served from the cache without sending a request to the server.
     *
     * Note that even if the response is served from cache, delivery of the data is asynchronous in
     * the same way that real requests are.
     *
     * If there are multiple GET requests for the same url that should be cached using the same
     * cache, but the cache is not populated yet, only one request to the server will be made and
     * the remaining requests will be fulfilled using the response for the first request.
     *
     *
     * # Response interceptors
     *
     * Before you start creating interceptors, be sure to understand the
     * {@link angular.module.ng.$q $q and deferred/promise APIs}.
     *
     * For purposes of global error handling, authentication or any kind of synchronous or
     * asynchronous preprocessing of received responses, it is desirable to be able to intercept
     * responses for http requests before they are handed over to the application code that
     * initiated these requests. The response interceptors leverage the {@link angular.module.ng.$q
     * promise apis} to fulfil this need for both synchronous and asynchronous preprocessing.
     *
     * The interceptors are service factories that are registered with the $httpProvider by
     * adding them to the `$httpProvider.responseInterceptors` array. The factory is called and
     * injected with dependencies (if specified) and returns the interceptor  — a function that
     * takes a {@link angular.module.ng.$q promise} and returns the original or a new promise.
     *
     * <pre>
     *   // register the interceptor as a service
     *   $provide.factory('myHttpInterceptor', function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
     *     return function(promise) {
     *       return promise.then(function(response) {
     *         // do something on success
     *       }, function(response) {
     *         // do something on error
     *         if (canRecover(response)) {
     *           return responseOrNewPromise
     *         }
     *         return $q.reject(response);
     *       });
     *     }
     *   });
     *
     *   $httpProvider.responseInterceptors.push('myHttpInterceptor');
     *
     *
     *   // register the interceptor via an anonymous factory
     *   $httpProvider.responseInterceptors.push(function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
     *     return function(promise) {
     *       // same as above
     *     }
     *   });
     * </pre>
     *
     *
     * # Security Considerations
     *
     * When designing web applications, consider security threats from:
     *
     * - {@link http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx
     *   JSON Vulnerability}
     * - {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery XSRF}
     *
     * Both server and the client must cooperate in order to eliminate these threats. Angular comes
     * pre-configured with strategies that address these issues, but for this to work backend server
     * cooperation is required.
     *
     * ## JSON Vulnerability Protection
     *
     * A {@link http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx
     * JSON Vulnerability} allows third party web-site to turn your JSON resource URL into
     * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON#JSONP JSONP} request under some conditions. To
     * counter this your server can prefix all JSON requests with following string `")]}',\n"`.
     * Angular will automatically strip the prefix before processing it as JSON.
     *
     * For example if your server needs to return:
     * <pre>
     * ['one','two']
     * </pre>
     *
     * which is vulnerable to attack, your server can return:
     * <pre>
     * )]}',
     * ['one','two']
     * </pre>
     *
     * Angular will strip the prefix, before processing the JSON.
     *
     *
     * ## Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF) Protection
     *
     * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery XSRF} is a technique by which
     * an unauthorized site can gain your user's private data. Angular provides following mechanism
     * to counter XSRF. When performing XHR requests, the $http service reads a token from a cookie
     * called `XSRF-TOKEN` and sets it as the HTTP header `X-XSRF-TOKEN`. Since only JavaScript that
     * runs on your domain could read the cookie, your server can be assured that the XHR came from
     * JavaScript running on your domain.
     *
     * To take advantage of this, your server needs to set a token in a JavaScript readable session
     * cookie called `XSRF-TOKEN` on first HTTP GET request. On subsequent non-GET requests the
     * server can verify that the cookie matches `X-XSRF-TOKEN` HTTP header, and therefore be sure
     * that only JavaScript running on your domain could have read the token. The token must be
     * unique for each user and must be verifiable by the server (to prevent the JavaScript making
     * up its own tokens). We recommend that the token is a digest of your site's authentication
     * cookie with {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_table salt for added security}.
     *
     *
     * @param {object} config Object describing the request to be made and how it should be
     *    processed. The object has following properties:
     *
     *    - **method** – `{string}` – HTTP method (e.g. 'GET', 'POST', etc)
     *    - **url** – `{string}` – Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested.
     *    - **params** – `{Object.<string|Object>}` – Map of strings or objects which will be turned to
     *      `?key1=value1&key2=value2` after the url. If the value is not a string, it will be JSONified.
     *    - **data** – `{string|Object}` – Data to be sent as the request message data.
     *    - **headers** – `{Object}` – Map of strings representing HTTP headers to send to the server.
     *    - **transformRequest** – `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
     *      request body and headers and returns its transformed (typically serialized) version.
     *    - **transformResponse** – `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
     *      response body and headers and returns its transformed (typically deserialized) version.
     *    - **cache** – `{boolean|Cache}` – If true, a default $http cache will be used to cache the
     *      GET request, otherwise if a cache instance built with
     *      {@link angular.module.ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}, this cache will be used for
     *      caching.
     *    - **timeout** – `{number}` – timeout in milliseconds.
     *    - **withCredentials** - `{boolean}` - whether to to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
     *      XHR object. See {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en/http_access_control#section_5
     *      requests with credentials} for more information.
     *
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Returns a {@link angular.module.ng.$q promise} object with the
     *   standard `then` method and two http specific methods: `success` and `error`. The `then`
     *   method takes two arguments a success and an error callback which will be called with a
     *   response object. The `success` and `error` methods take a single argument - a function that
     *   will be called when the request succeeds or fails respectively. The arguments passed into
     *   these functions are destructured representation of the response object passed into the
     *   `then` method. The response object has these properties:
     *
     *   - **data** – `{string|Object}` – The response body transformed with the transform functions.
     *   - **status** – `{number}` – HTTP status code of the response.
     *   - **headers** – `{function([headerName])}` – Header getter function.
     *   - **config** – `{Object}` – The configuration object that was used to generate the request.
     *
     * @property {Array.<Object>} pendingRequests Array of config objects for currently pending
     *   requests. This is primarily meant to be used for debugging purposes.
     *
     *
     * @example
        <doc:example>
          <doc:source jsfiddle="false">
            <script>
              function FetchCtrl($scope, $http) {
                $scope.method = 'GET';
                $scope.url = 'examples/http-hello.html';

                $scope.fetch = function() {
                  $scope.code = null;
                  $scope.response = null;

                  $http({method: $scope.method, url: $scope.url}).
                    success(function(data, status) {
                      $scope.status = status;
                      $scope.data = data;
                    }).
                    error(function(data, status) {
                      $scope.data = data || "Request failed";
                      $scope.status = status;
                  });
                };

                $scope.updateModel = function(method, url) {
                  $scope.method = method;
                  $scope.url = url;
                };
              }
            </script>
            <div ng-controller="FetchCtrl">
              <select ng-model="method">
                <option>GET</option>
                <option>JSONP</option>
              </select>
              <input type="text" ng-model="url" size="80"/>
              <button ng-click="fetch()">fetch</button><br>
              <button ng-click="updateModel('GET', 'examples/http-hello.html')">Sample GET</button>
              <button ng-click="updateModel('JSONP', 'http://angularjs.org/greet.php?callback=JSON_CALLBACK&name=Super%20Hero')">Sample JSONP</button>
              <button ng-click="updateModel('JSONP', 'http://angularjs.org/doesntexist&callback=JSON_CALLBACK')">Invalid JSONP</button>
              <pre>http status code: {{status}}</pre>
              <pre>http response data: {{data}}</pre>
            </div>
          </doc:source>
          <doc:scenario>
            it('should make an xhr GET request', function() {
              element(':button:contains("Sample GET")').click();
              element(':button:contains("fetch")').click();
              expect(binding('status')).toBe('200');
              expect(binding('data')).toBe('Hello, $http!\n');
            });

            it('should make a JSONP request to angularjs.org', function() {
              element(':button:contains("Sample JSONP")').click();
              element(':button:contains("fetch")').click();
              expect(binding('status')).toBe('200');
              expect(binding('data')).toMatch(/Super Hero!/);
            });

            it('should make JSONP request to invalid URL and invoke the error handler',
                function() {
              element(':button:contains("Invalid JSONP")').click();
              element(':button:contains("fetch")').click();
              expect(binding('status')).toBe('0');
              expect(binding('data')).toBe('Request failed');
            });
          </doc:scenario>
        </doc:example>
     */
    function $http(config) {
      config.method = uppercase(config.method);

      var reqTransformFn = config.transformRequest || $config.transformRequest,
          respTransformFn = config.transformResponse || $config.transformResponse,
          defHeaders = $config.headers,
          reqHeaders = extend({'X-XSRF-TOKEN': $browser.cookies()['XSRF-TOKEN']},
              defHeaders.common, defHeaders[lowercase(config.method)], config.headers),
          reqData = transformData(config.data, headersGetter(reqHeaders), reqTransformFn),
          promise;

      // strip content-type if data is undefined
      if (isUndefined(config.data)) {
        delete reqHeaders['Content-Type'];
      }

      // send request
      promise = sendReq(config, reqData, reqHeaders);


      // transform future response
      promise = promise.then(transformResponse, transformResponse);

      // apply interceptors
      forEach(responseInterceptors, function(interceptor) {
        promise = interceptor(promise);
      });

      promise.success = function(fn) {
        promise.then(function(response) {
          fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
        });
        return promise;
      };

      promise.error = function(fn) {
        promise.then(null, function(response) {
          fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
        });
        return promise;
      };

      return promise;

      function transformResponse(response) {
        // make a copy since the response must be cacheable
        var resp = extend({}, response, {
          data: transformData(response.data, response.headers, respTransformFn)
        });
        return (isSuccess(response.status))
          ? resp
          : $q.reject(resp);
      }
    }

    $http.pendingRequests = [];

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.module.ng.$http#get
     * @methodOf angular.module.ng.$http
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `GET` request
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.module.ng.$http#delete
     * @methodOf angular.module.ng.$http
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `DELETE` request
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.module.ng.$http#head
     * @methodOf angular.module.ng.$http
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `HEAD` request
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {XhrFuture} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.module.ng.$http#jsonp
     * @methodOf angular.module.ng.$http
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `JSONP` request
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request.
     *                     Should contain `JSON_CALLBACK` string.
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {XhrFuture} Future object
     */
    createShortMethods('get', 'delete', 'head', 'jsonp');

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.module.ng.$http#post
     * @methodOf angular.module.ng.$http
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `POST` request
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {*} data Request content
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name angular.module.ng.$http#put
     * @methodOf angular.module.ng.$http
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `PUT` request
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {*} data Request content
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {XhrFuture} Future object
     */
    createShortMethodsWithData('post', 'put');


    return $http;


    function createShortMethods(names) {
      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
        $http[name] = function(url, config) {
          return $http(extend(config || {}, {
            method: name,
            url: url
          }));
        };
      });
    }


    function createShortMethodsWithData(name) {
      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
        $http[name] = function(url, data, config) {
          return $http(extend(config || {}, {
            method: name,
            url: url,
            data: data
          }));
        };
      });
    }


    /**
     * Makes the request
     *
     * !!! ACCESSES CLOSURE VARS:
     * $httpBackend, $config, $log, $rootScope, defaultCache, $http.pendingRequests
     */
    function sendReq(config, reqData, reqHeaders) {
      var deferred = $q.defer(),
          promise = deferred.promise,
          cache,
          cachedResp,
          url = buildUrl(config.url, config.params);

      $http.pendingRequests.push(config);
      promise.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);


      if (config.cache && config.method == 'GET') {
        cache = isObject(config.cache) ? config.cache : defaultCache;
      }

      if (cache) {
        cachedResp = cache.get(url);
        if (cachedResp) {
          if (cachedResp.then) {
            // cached request has already been sent, but there is no response yet
            cachedResp.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);
            return cachedResp;
          } else {
            // serving from cache
            if (isArray(cachedResp)) {
              resolvePromise(cachedResp[1], cachedResp[0], copy(cachedResp[2]));
            } else {
              resolvePromise(cachedResp, 200, {});
            }
          }
        } else {
          // put the promise for the non-transformed response into cache as a placeholder
          cache.put(url, promise);
        }
      }

      // if we won't have the response in cache, send the request to the backend
      if (!cachedResp) {
        $httpBackend(config.method, url, reqData, done, reqHeaders, config.timeout,
            config.withCredentials);
      }

      return promise;


      /**
       * Callback registered to $httpBackend():
       *  - caches the response if desired
       *  - resolves the raw $http promise
       *  - calls $apply
       */
      function done(status, response, headersString) {
        if (cache) {
          if (isSuccess(status)) {
            cache.put(url, [status, response, parseHeaders(headersString)]);
          } else {
            // remove promise from the cache
            cache.remove(url);
          }
        }

        resolvePromise(response, status, headersString);
        $rootScope.$apply();
      }


      /**
       * Resolves the raw $http promise.
       */
      function resolvePromise(response, status, headers) {
        // normalize internal statuses to 0
        status = Math.max(status, 0);

        (isSuccess(status) ? deferred.resolve : deferred.reject)({
          data: response,
          status: status,
          headers: headersGetter(headers),
          config: config
        });
      }


      function removePendingReq() {
        var idx = indexOf($http.pendingRequests, config);
        if (idx !== -1) $http.pendingRequests.splice(idx, 1);
      }
    }


    function buildUrl(url, params) {
          if (!params) return url;
          var parts = [];
          forEachSorted(params, function(value, key) {
            if (value == null || value == undefined) return;
            if (isObject(value)) {
              value = toJson(value);
            }
            parts.push(encodeURIComponent(key) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value));
          });
          return url + ((url.indexOf('?') == -1) ? '?' : '&') + parts.join('&');
        }


  }];
}