/
application_ref.ts
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/
application_ref.ts
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/**
* @license
* Copyright Google LLC All Rights Reserved.
*
* Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
* found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
*/
import '../util/ng_jit_mode';
import {setThrowInvalidWriteToSignalError} from '@angular/core/primitives/signals';
import {Observable} from 'rxjs';
import {first, map} from 'rxjs/operators';
import {getCompilerFacade, JitCompilerUsage} from '../compiler/compiler_facade';
import {Console} from '../console';
import {inject} from '../di';
import {Injectable} from '../di/injectable';
import {InjectionToken} from '../di/injection_token';
import {Injector} from '../di/injector';
import {EnvironmentInjector} from '../di/r3_injector';
import {ErrorHandler, INTERNAL_APPLICATION_ERROR_HANDLER} from '../error_handler';
import {formatRuntimeError, RuntimeError, RuntimeErrorCode} from '../errors';
import {Type} from '../interface/type';
import {COMPILER_OPTIONS, CompilerOptions} from '../linker/compiler';
import {ComponentFactory, ComponentRef} from '../linker/component_factory';
import {ComponentFactoryResolver} from '../linker/component_factory_resolver';
import {NgModuleFactory, NgModuleRef} from '../linker/ng_module_factory';
import {ViewRef} from '../linker/view_ref';
import {isComponentResourceResolutionQueueEmpty, resolveComponentResources} from '../metadata/resource_loading';
import {PendingTasks} from '../pending_tasks';
import {AfterRenderEventManager} from '../render3/after_render_hooks';
import {assertNgModuleType} from '../render3/assert';
import {ComponentFactory as R3ComponentFactory} from '../render3/component_ref';
import {isStandalone} from '../render3/definition';
import {setJitOptions} from '../render3/jit/jit_options';
import {NgModuleFactory as R3NgModuleFactory} from '../render3/ng_module_ref';
import {publishDefaultGlobalUtils as _publishDefaultGlobalUtils} from '../render3/util/global_utils';
import {ViewRef as InternalViewRef} from '../render3/view_ref';
import {TESTABILITY} from '../testability/testability';
import {isPromise} from '../util/lang';
import {NgZone} from '../zone/ng_zone';
import {ApplicationInitStatus} from './application_init';
/**
* A [DI token](guide/glossary#di-token "DI token definition") that provides a set of callbacks to
* be called for every component that is bootstrapped.
*
* Each callback must take a `ComponentRef` instance and return nothing.
*
* `(componentRef: ComponentRef) => void`
*
* @publicApi
*/
export const APP_BOOTSTRAP_LISTENER =
new InjectionToken<ReadonlyArray<(compRef: ComponentRef<any>) => void>>('appBootstrapListener');
export function compileNgModuleFactory<M>(
injector: Injector, options: CompilerOptions,
moduleType: Type<M>): Promise<NgModuleFactory<M>> {
ngDevMode && assertNgModuleType(moduleType);
const moduleFactory = new R3NgModuleFactory(moduleType);
// All of the logic below is irrelevant for AOT-compiled code.
if (typeof ngJitMode !== 'undefined' && !ngJitMode) {
return Promise.resolve(moduleFactory);
}
const compilerOptions = injector.get(COMPILER_OPTIONS, []).concat(options);
// Configure the compiler to use the provided options. This call may fail when multiple modules
// are bootstrapped with incompatible options, as a component can only be compiled according to
// a single set of options.
setJitOptions({
defaultEncapsulation: _lastDefined(compilerOptions.map(opts => opts.defaultEncapsulation)),
preserveWhitespaces: _lastDefined(compilerOptions.map(opts => opts.preserveWhitespaces)),
});
if (isComponentResourceResolutionQueueEmpty()) {
return Promise.resolve(moduleFactory);
}
const compilerProviders = compilerOptions.flatMap((option) => option.providers ?? []);
// In case there are no compiler providers, we just return the module factory as
// there won't be any resource loader. This can happen with Ivy, because AOT compiled
// modules can be still passed through "bootstrapModule". In that case we shouldn't
// unnecessarily require the JIT compiler.
if (compilerProviders.length === 0) {
return Promise.resolve(moduleFactory);
}
const compiler = getCompilerFacade({
usage: JitCompilerUsage.Decorator,
kind: 'NgModule',
type: moduleType,
});
const compilerInjector = Injector.create({providers: compilerProviders});
const resourceLoader = compilerInjector.get(compiler.ResourceLoader);
// The resource loader can also return a string while the "resolveComponentResources"
// always expects a promise. Therefore we need to wrap the returned value in a promise.
return resolveComponentResources(url => Promise.resolve(resourceLoader.get(url)))
.then(() => moduleFactory);
}
export function publishDefaultGlobalUtils() {
ngDevMode && _publishDefaultGlobalUtils();
}
/**
* Sets the error for an invalid write to a signal to be an Angular `RuntimeError`.
*/
export function publishSignalConfiguration(): void {
setThrowInvalidWriteToSignalError(() => {
throw new RuntimeError(
RuntimeErrorCode.SIGNAL_WRITE_FROM_ILLEGAL_CONTEXT,
ngDevMode &&
'Writing to signals is not allowed in a `computed` or an `effect` by default. ' +
'Use `allowSignalWrites` in the `CreateEffectOptions` to enable this inside effects.');
});
}
export function isBoundToModule<C>(cf: ComponentFactory<C>): boolean {
return (cf as R3ComponentFactory<C>).isBoundToModule;
}
/**
* A token for third-party components that can register themselves with NgProbe.
*
* @deprecated
* @publicApi
*/
export class NgProbeToken {
constructor(public name: string, public token: any) {}
}
/**
* Provides additional options to the bootstrapping process.
*
* @publicApi
*/
export interface BootstrapOptions {
/**
* Optionally specify which `NgZone` should be used.
*
* - Provide your own `NgZone` instance.
* - `zone.js` - Use default `NgZone` which requires `Zone.js`.
* - `noop` - Use `NoopNgZone` which does nothing.
*/
ngZone?: NgZone|'zone.js'|'noop';
/**
* Optionally specify coalescing event change detections or not.
* Consider the following case.
*
* ```
* <div (click)="doSomething()">
* <button (click)="doSomethingElse()"></button>
* </div>
* ```
*
* When button is clicked, because of the event bubbling, both
* event handlers will be called and 2 change detections will be
* triggered. We can coalesce such kind of events to only trigger
* change detection only once.
*
* By default, this option will be false. So the events will not be
* coalesced and the change detection will be triggered multiple times.
* And if this option be set to true, the change detection will be
* triggered async by scheduling a animation frame. So in the case above,
* the change detection will only be triggered once.
*/
ngZoneEventCoalescing?: boolean;
/**
* Optionally specify if `NgZone#run()` method invocations should be coalesced
* into a single change detection.
*
* Consider the following case.
* ```
* for (let i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
* ngZone.run(() => {
* // do something
* });
* }
* ```
*
* This case triggers the change detection multiple times.
* With ngZoneRunCoalescing options, all change detections in an event loop trigger only once.
* In addition, the change detection executes in requestAnimation.
*
*/
ngZoneRunCoalescing?: boolean;
}
export function _callAndReportToErrorHandler(
errorHandler: ErrorHandler, ngZone: NgZone, callback: () => any): any {
try {
const result = callback();
if (isPromise(result)) {
return result.catch((e: any) => {
ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => errorHandler.handleError(e));
// rethrow as the exception handler might not do it
throw e;
});
}
return result;
} catch (e) {
ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => errorHandler.handleError(e));
// rethrow as the exception handler might not do it
throw e;
}
}
export function optionsReducer<T extends Object>(dst: T, objs: T|T[]): T {
if (Array.isArray(objs)) {
return objs.reduce(optionsReducer, dst);
}
return {...dst, ...objs};
}
/**
* A reference to an Angular application running on a page.
*
* @usageNotes
* {@a is-stable-examples}
* ### isStable examples and caveats
*
* Note two important points about `isStable`, demonstrated in the examples below:
* - the application will never be stable if you start any kind
* of recurrent asynchronous task when the application starts
* (for example for a polling process, started with a `setInterval`, a `setTimeout`
* or using RxJS operators like `interval`);
* - the `isStable` Observable runs outside of the Angular zone.
*
* Let's imagine that you start a recurrent task
* (here incrementing a counter, using RxJS `interval`),
* and at the same time subscribe to `isStable`.
*
* ```
* constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef) {
* appRef.isStable.pipe(
* filter(stable => stable)
* ).subscribe(() => console.log('App is stable now');
* interval(1000).subscribe(counter => console.log(counter));
* }
* ```
* In this example, `isStable` will never emit `true`,
* and the trace "App is stable now" will never get logged.
*
* If you want to execute something when the app is stable,
* you have to wait for the application to be stable
* before starting your polling process.
*
* ```
* constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef) {
* appRef.isStable.pipe(
* first(stable => stable),
* tap(stable => console.log('App is stable now')),
* switchMap(() => interval(1000))
* ).subscribe(counter => console.log(counter));
* }
* ```
* In this example, the trace "App is stable now" will be logged
* and then the counter starts incrementing every second.
*
* Note also that this Observable runs outside of the Angular zone,
* which means that the code in the subscription
* to this Observable will not trigger the change detection.
*
* Let's imagine that instead of logging the counter value,
* you update a field of your component
* and display it in its template.
*
* ```
* constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef) {
* appRef.isStable.pipe(
* first(stable => stable),
* switchMap(() => interval(1000))
* ).subscribe(counter => this.value = counter);
* }
* ```
* As the `isStable` Observable runs outside the zone,
* the `value` field will be updated properly,
* but the template will not be refreshed!
*
* You'll have to manually trigger the change detection to update the template.
*
* ```
* constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef, cd: ChangeDetectorRef) {
* appRef.isStable.pipe(
* first(stable => stable),
* switchMap(() => interval(1000))
* ).subscribe(counter => {
* this.value = counter;
* cd.detectChanges();
* });
* }
* ```
*
* Or make the subscription callback run inside the zone.
*
* ```
* constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef, zone: NgZone) {
* appRef.isStable.pipe(
* first(stable => stable),
* switchMap(() => interval(1000))
* ).subscribe(counter => zone.run(() => this.value = counter));
* }
* ```
*
* @publicApi
*/
@Injectable({providedIn: 'root'})
export class ApplicationRef {
/** @internal */
private _bootstrapListeners: ((compRef: ComponentRef<any>) => void)[] = [];
private _runningTick: boolean = false;
private _destroyed = false;
private _destroyListeners: Array<() => void> = [];
/** @internal */
_views: InternalViewRef<unknown>[] = [];
private readonly internalErrorHandler = inject(INTERNAL_APPLICATION_ERROR_HANDLER);
private readonly afterRenderEffectManager = inject(AfterRenderEventManager);
/**
* Indicates whether this instance was destroyed.
*/
get destroyed() {
return this._destroyed;
}
/**
* Get a list of component types registered to this application.
* This list is populated even before the component is created.
*/
public readonly componentTypes: Type<any>[] = [];
/**
* Get a list of components registered to this application.
*/
public readonly components: ComponentRef<any>[] = [];
/**
* Returns an Observable that indicates when the application is stable or unstable.
*/
public readonly isStable: Observable<boolean> =
inject(PendingTasks).hasPendingTasks.pipe(map(pending => !pending));
private readonly _injector = inject(EnvironmentInjector);
/**
* The `EnvironmentInjector` used to create this application.
*/
get injector(): EnvironmentInjector {
return this._injector;
}
/**
* Bootstrap a component onto the element identified by its selector or, optionally, to a
* specified element.
*
* @usageNotes
* ### Bootstrap process
*
* When bootstrapping a component, Angular mounts it onto a target DOM element
* and kicks off automatic change detection. The target DOM element can be
* provided using the `rootSelectorOrNode` argument.
*
* If the target DOM element is not provided, Angular tries to find one on a page
* using the `selector` of the component that is being bootstrapped
* (first matched element is used).
*
* ### Example
*
* Generally, we define the component to bootstrap in the `bootstrap` array of `NgModule`,
* but it requires us to know the component while writing the application code.
*
* Imagine a situation where we have to wait for an API call to decide about the component to
* bootstrap. We can use the `ngDoBootstrap` hook of the `NgModule` and call this method to
* dynamically bootstrap a component.
*
* {@example core/ts/platform/platform.ts region='componentSelector'}
*
* Optionally, a component can be mounted onto a DOM element that does not match the
* selector of the bootstrapped component.
*
* In the following example, we are providing a CSS selector to match the target element.
*
* {@example core/ts/platform/platform.ts region='cssSelector'}
*
* While in this example, we are providing reference to a DOM node.
*
* {@example core/ts/platform/platform.ts region='domNode'}
*/
bootstrap<C>(component: Type<C>, rootSelectorOrNode?: string|any): ComponentRef<C>;
/**
* Bootstrap a component onto the element identified by its selector or, optionally, to a
* specified element.
*
* @usageNotes
* ### Bootstrap process
*
* When bootstrapping a component, Angular mounts it onto a target DOM element
* and kicks off automatic change detection. The target DOM element can be
* provided using the `rootSelectorOrNode` argument.
*
* If the target DOM element is not provided, Angular tries to find one on a page
* using the `selector` of the component that is being bootstrapped
* (first matched element is used).
*
* ### Example
*
* Generally, we define the component to bootstrap in the `bootstrap` array of `NgModule`,
* but it requires us to know the component while writing the application code.
*
* Imagine a situation where we have to wait for an API call to decide about the component to
* bootstrap. We can use the `ngDoBootstrap` hook of the `NgModule` and call this method to
* dynamically bootstrap a component.
*
* {@example core/ts/platform/platform.ts region='componentSelector'}
*
* Optionally, a component can be mounted onto a DOM element that does not match the
* selector of the bootstrapped component.
*
* In the following example, we are providing a CSS selector to match the target element.
*
* {@example core/ts/platform/platform.ts region='cssSelector'}
*
* While in this example, we are providing reference to a DOM node.
*
* {@example core/ts/platform/platform.ts region='domNode'}
*
* @deprecated Passing Component factories as the `Application.bootstrap` function argument is
* deprecated. Pass Component Types instead.
*/
bootstrap<C>(componentFactory: ComponentFactory<C>, rootSelectorOrNode?: string|any):
ComponentRef<C>;
/**
* Bootstrap a component onto the element identified by its selector or, optionally, to a
* specified element.
*
* @usageNotes
* ### Bootstrap process
*
* When bootstrapping a component, Angular mounts it onto a target DOM element
* and kicks off automatic change detection. The target DOM element can be
* provided using the `rootSelectorOrNode` argument.
*
* If the target DOM element is not provided, Angular tries to find one on a page
* using the `selector` of the component that is being bootstrapped
* (first matched element is used).
*
* ### Example
*
* Generally, we define the component to bootstrap in the `bootstrap` array of `NgModule`,
* but it requires us to know the component while writing the application code.
*
* Imagine a situation where we have to wait for an API call to decide about the component to
* bootstrap. We can use the `ngDoBootstrap` hook of the `NgModule` and call this method to
* dynamically bootstrap a component.
*
* {@example core/ts/platform/platform.ts region='componentSelector'}
*
* Optionally, a component can be mounted onto a DOM element that does not match the
* selector of the bootstrapped component.
*
* In the following example, we are providing a CSS selector to match the target element.
*
* {@example core/ts/platform/platform.ts region='cssSelector'}
*
* While in this example, we are providing reference to a DOM node.
*
* {@example core/ts/platform/platform.ts region='domNode'}
*/
bootstrap<C>(componentOrFactory: ComponentFactory<C>|Type<C>, rootSelectorOrNode?: string|any):
ComponentRef<C> {
(typeof ngDevMode === 'undefined' || ngDevMode) && this.warnIfDestroyed();
const isComponentFactory = componentOrFactory instanceof ComponentFactory;
const initStatus = this._injector.get(ApplicationInitStatus);
if (!initStatus.done) {
const standalone = !isComponentFactory && isStandalone(componentOrFactory);
const errorMessage = (typeof ngDevMode === 'undefined' || ngDevMode) &&
'Cannot bootstrap as there are still asynchronous initializers running.' +
(standalone ?
'' :
' Bootstrap components in the `ngDoBootstrap` method of the root module.');
throw new RuntimeError(RuntimeErrorCode.ASYNC_INITIALIZERS_STILL_RUNNING, errorMessage);
}
let componentFactory: ComponentFactory<C>;
if (isComponentFactory) {
componentFactory = componentOrFactory;
} else {
const resolver = this._injector.get(ComponentFactoryResolver);
componentFactory = resolver.resolveComponentFactory(componentOrFactory)!;
}
this.componentTypes.push(componentFactory.componentType);
// Create a factory associated with the current module if it's not bound to some other
const ngModule =
isBoundToModule(componentFactory) ? undefined : this._injector.get(NgModuleRef);
const selectorOrNode = rootSelectorOrNode || componentFactory.selector;
const compRef = componentFactory.create(Injector.NULL, [], selectorOrNode, ngModule);
const nativeElement = compRef.location.nativeElement;
const testability = compRef.injector.get(TESTABILITY, null);
testability?.registerApplication(nativeElement);
compRef.onDestroy(() => {
this.detachView(compRef.hostView);
remove(this.components, compRef);
testability?.unregisterApplication(nativeElement);
});
this._loadComponent(compRef);
if (typeof ngDevMode === 'undefined' || ngDevMode) {
const _console = this._injector.get(Console);
_console.log(`Angular is running in development mode.`);
}
return compRef;
}
/**
* Invoke this method to explicitly process change detection and its side-effects.
*
* In development mode, `tick()` also performs a second change detection cycle to ensure that no
* further changes are detected. If additional changes are picked up during this second cycle,
* bindings in the app have side-effects that cannot be resolved in a single change detection
* pass.
* In this case, Angular throws an error, since an Angular application can only have one change
* detection pass during which all change detection must complete.
*/
tick(): void {
(typeof ngDevMode === 'undefined' || ngDevMode) && this.warnIfDestroyed();
if (this._runningTick) {
throw new RuntimeError(
RuntimeErrorCode.RECURSIVE_APPLICATION_REF_TICK,
ngDevMode && 'ApplicationRef.tick is called recursively');
}
try {
this._runningTick = true;
for (let view of this._views) {
view.detectChanges();
}
if (typeof ngDevMode === 'undefined' || ngDevMode) {
for (let view of this._views) {
view.checkNoChanges();
}
}
} catch (e) {
// Attention: Don't rethrow as it could cancel subscriptions to Observables!
this.internalErrorHandler(e);
} finally {
// Catch any `ExpressionChanged...` errors and report them to error handler like above
try {
const callbacksExecuted = this.afterRenderEffectManager.execute();
if ((typeof ngDevMode === 'undefined' || ngDevMode) && callbacksExecuted) {
for (let view of this._views) {
view.checkNoChanges();
}
}
} catch (e) {
this.internalErrorHandler(e);
}
this._runningTick = false;
}
}
/**
* Attaches a view so that it will be dirty checked.
* The view will be automatically detached when it is destroyed.
* This will throw if the view is already attached to a ViewContainer.
*/
attachView(viewRef: ViewRef): void {
(typeof ngDevMode === 'undefined' || ngDevMode) && this.warnIfDestroyed();
const view = (viewRef as InternalViewRef<unknown>);
this._views.push(view);
view.attachToAppRef(this);
}
/**
* Detaches a view from dirty checking again.
*/
detachView(viewRef: ViewRef): void {
(typeof ngDevMode === 'undefined' || ngDevMode) && this.warnIfDestroyed();
const view = (viewRef as InternalViewRef<unknown>);
remove(this._views, view);
view.detachFromAppRef();
}
private _loadComponent(componentRef: ComponentRef<any>): void {
this.attachView(componentRef.hostView);
this.tick();
this.components.push(componentRef);
// Get the listeners lazily to prevent DI cycles.
const listeners = this._injector.get(APP_BOOTSTRAP_LISTENER, []);
if (ngDevMode && !Array.isArray(listeners)) {
throw new RuntimeError(
RuntimeErrorCode.INVALID_MULTI_PROVIDER,
'Unexpected type of the `APP_BOOTSTRAP_LISTENER` token value ' +
`(expected an array, but got ${typeof listeners}). ` +
'Please check that the `APP_BOOTSTRAP_LISTENER` token is configured as a ' +
'`multi: true` provider.');
}
[...this._bootstrapListeners, ...listeners].forEach((listener) => listener(componentRef));
}
/** @internal */
ngOnDestroy() {
if (this._destroyed) return;
try {
// Call all the lifecycle hooks.
this._destroyListeners.forEach(listener => listener());
// Destroy all registered views.
this._views.slice().forEach((view) => view.destroy());
} finally {
// Indicate that this instance is destroyed.
this._destroyed = true;
// Release all references.
this._views = [];
this._bootstrapListeners = [];
this._destroyListeners = [];
}
}
/**
* Registers a listener to be called when an instance is destroyed.
*
* @param callback A callback function to add as a listener.
* @returns A function which unregisters a listener.
*/
onDestroy(callback: () => void): VoidFunction {
(typeof ngDevMode === 'undefined' || ngDevMode) && this.warnIfDestroyed();
this._destroyListeners.push(callback);
return () => remove(this._destroyListeners, callback);
}
/**
* Destroys an Angular application represented by this `ApplicationRef`. Calling this function
* will destroy the associated environment injectors as well as all the bootstrapped components
* with their views.
*/
destroy(): void {
if (this._destroyed) {
throw new RuntimeError(
RuntimeErrorCode.APPLICATION_REF_ALREADY_DESTROYED,
ngDevMode && 'This instance of the `ApplicationRef` has already been destroyed.');
}
// This is a temporary type to represent an instance of an R3Injector, which can be destroyed.
// The type will be replaced with a different one once destroyable injector type is available.
type DestroyableInjector = Injector&{destroy?: Function, destroyed?: boolean};
const injector = this._injector as DestroyableInjector;
// Check that this injector instance supports destroy operation.
if (injector.destroy && !injector.destroyed) {
// Destroying an underlying injector will trigger the `ngOnDestroy` lifecycle
// hook, which invokes the remaining cleanup actions.
injector.destroy();
}
}
/**
* Returns the number of attached views.
*/
get viewCount() {
return this._views.length;
}
private warnIfDestroyed() {
if ((typeof ngDevMode === 'undefined' || ngDevMode) && this._destroyed) {
console.warn(formatRuntimeError(
RuntimeErrorCode.APPLICATION_REF_ALREADY_DESTROYED,
'This instance of the `ApplicationRef` has already been destroyed.'));
}
}
}
export function remove<T>(list: T[], el: T): void {
const index = list.indexOf(el);
if (index > -1) {
list.splice(index, 1);
}
}
function _lastDefined<T>(args: T[]): T|undefined {
for (let i = args.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (args[i] !== undefined) {
return args[i];
}
}
return undefined;
}
let whenStableStore: WeakMap<ApplicationRef, Promise<void>>|undefined;
/**
* Returns a Promise that resolves when the application becomes stable after this method is called
* the first time.
*/
export function whenStable(applicationRef: ApplicationRef): Promise<void> {
whenStableStore ??= new WeakMap();
const cachedWhenStable = whenStableStore.get(applicationRef);
if (cachedWhenStable) {
return cachedWhenStable;
}
const whenStablePromise =
applicationRef.isStable.pipe(first((isStable) => isStable)).toPromise().then(() => void 0);
whenStableStore.set(applicationRef, whenStablePromise);
// Be a good citizen and clean the store `onDestroy` even though we are using `WeakMap`.
applicationRef.onDestroy(() => whenStableStore?.delete(applicationRef));
return whenStablePromise;
}