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Implementation Status

The following tables summarize the features available in the various official Arrow libraries. All libraries currently follow version 1.0.0 of the Arrow format, or later minor versions that are compatible with version 1.0.0. See :doc:`./format/Versioning` for details about versioning. Unless otherwise stated, the Python, R, Ruby and C/GLib libraries follow the C++ Arrow library.

Data Types

Data type (primitive) C++ Java Go JS C# Rust Julia Swift nanoarrow
Null ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Boolean ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Int8/16/32/64 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
UInt8/16/32/64 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Float16 ✓ ✓ (1) ✓ ✓ ✓ (2) ✓ ✓   ✓
Float32/64 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Decimal128 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Decimal256 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Date32/64 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Time32/64 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Timestamp ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Duration ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Interval ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Fixed Size Binary ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Binary ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Large Binary ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ (4) ✓ ✓   ✓
Utf8 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Large Utf8 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ (4) ✓ ✓   ✓
Binary View ✓   ✓   ✓        
Large Binary View ✓   ✓            
Utf8 View ✓   ✓   ✓        
Large Utf8 View ✓   ✓            
Data type (nested) C++ Java Go JS C# Rust Julia Swift nanoarrow
Fixed Size List ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
List ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Large List ✓ ✓ ✓   (4) ✓ ✓   ✓
List View ✓   ✓   ✓        
Large List View ✓   ✓            
Struct ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Map ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Dense Union ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Sparse Union ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓
Data type (special) C++ Java Go JS C# Rust Julia Swift nanoarrow
Dictionary ✓ ✓ (3) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ (3) ✓   ✓
Extension ✓ ✓ ✓     ✓ ✓   ✓
Run-End Encoded ✓   ✓            
Canonical Extension types C++ Java Go JavaScript C# Rust Julia Swift
Fixed shape tensor ✓              
Variable shape tensor                

Notes:

  • (1) Casting to/from Float16 in Java is not supported.
  • (2) Float16 support in C# is only available when targeting .NET 6+.
  • (3) Nested dictionaries not supported
  • (4) C# large array types are provided to help with interoperability with other libraries, but these do not support buffers larger than 2 GiB and an exception will be raised if trying to import an array that is too large.
.. seealso::
   The :ref:`format_columnar` and the
   :ref:`format_canonical_extensions` specification.

IPC Format

IPC Feature C++ Java Go JS C# Rust Julia Swift nanoarrow
Arrow stream format ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ (4)
Arrow file format ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓  
Record batches ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Dictionaries ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓    
Replacement dictionaries ✓ ✓ ✓       ✓    
Delta dictionaries ✓ (1)   ✓ (1) ✓ ✓   ✓    
Tensors ✓                
Sparse tensors ✓                
Buffer compression ✓ ✓ (3) ✓   ✓ ✓ ✓    
Endianness conversion ✓ (2)   ✓ (2)           ✓ (2)
Custom schema metadata ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓

Notes:

  • (1) Delta dictionaries not supported on nested dictionaries
  • (2) Data with non-native endianness can be byte-swapped automatically when reading.
  • (3) LZ4 Codec currently is quite inefficient. ARROW-11901 tracks improving performance.
  • (4) The nanoarrow IPC implementation is only implemented for reading IPC streams.
.. seealso::
   The :ref:`format-ipc` specification.

Flight RPC

Flight RPC Transport C++ Java Go JS C# Rust Julia Swift
gRPC transport (grpc:, grpc+tcp:) ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
gRPC domain socket transport (grpc+unix:) ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
gRPC + TLS transport (grpc+tls:) ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
UCX transport (ucx:) ✓              

Supported features in the gRPC transport:

Flight RPC Feature C++ Java Go JS C# Rust Julia Swift
All RPC methods ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ (1) ✓    
Authentication handlers ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ (2) ✓    
Call timeouts ✓ ✓ ✓     ✓    
Call cancellation ✓ ✓ ✓     ✓    
Concurrent client calls (3) ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
Custom middleware ✓ ✓ ✓     ✓    
RPC error codes ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    

Supported features in the UCX transport:

Flight RPC Feature C++ Java Go JS C# Rust Julia Swift
All RPC methods ✓ (4)              
Authentication handlers                
Call timeouts                
Call cancellation                
Concurrent client calls ✓ (5)              
Custom middleware                
RPC error codes ✓              

Notes:

  • (1) No support for Handshake or DoExchange.
  • (2) Support using AspNetCore authentication handlers.
  • (3) Whether a single client can support multiple concurrent calls.
  • (4) Only support for DoExchange, DoGet, DoPut, and GetFlightInfo.
  • (5) Each concurrent call is a separate connection to the server (unlike gRPC where concurrent calls are multiplexed over a single connection). This will generally provide better throughput but consumes more resources both on the server and the client.
.. seealso::
   The :ref:`flight-rpc` specification.

Flight SQL

Note

Flight SQL is still experimental.

The feature support refers to the client/server libraries only; databases which implement the Flight SQL protocol in turn will support/not support individual features.

Feature C++ Java Go JS C# Rust Julia Swift
BeginSavepoint ✓ ✓            
BeginTransaction ✓ ✓            
CancelQuery ✓ ✓            
ClosePreparedStatement ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
CreatePreparedStatement ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
CreatePreparedSubstraitPlan ✓ ✓            
EndSavepoint ✓ ✓            
EndTransaction ✓ ✓            
GetCatalogs ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
GetCrossReference ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
GetDbSchemas ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
GetExportedKeys ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
GetImportedKeys ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
GetPrimaryKeys ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
GetSqlInfo ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
GetTables ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
GetTableTypes ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
GetXdbcTypeInfo ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
PreparedStatementQuery ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
PreparedStatementUpdate ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
StatementSubstraitPlan ✓ ✓            
StatementQuery ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓    
StatementUpdate ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓     
.. seealso::
   The :doc:`./format/FlightSql` specification.

C Data Interface

Feature C++ Python R Rust Go Java C/GLib Ruby Julia C# Swift nanoarrow
Schema export ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓   ✓
Array export ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓   ✓
Schema import ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓   ✓
Array import ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓   ✓ 
.. seealso::
   The :ref:`C Data Interface <c-data-interface>` specification.

C Stream Interface

Feature C++ Python R Rust Go Java C/GLib Ruby Julia C# Swift nanoarrow
Stream export ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓   ✓   ✓
Stream import ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓   ✓ ✓   ✓   ✓ 
.. seealso::
   The :ref:`C Stream Interface <c-stream-interface>` specification.

Third-Party Data Formats

Format C++ Java Go JS C# Rust Julia Swift
Avro   R R          
CSV R/W R (2) R/W     R/W R/W  
ORC R/W R (1)            
Parquet R/W R (2) R/W     R/W    

Notes:

  • R = Read supported
  • W = Write supported
  • (1) Through JNI bindings. (Provided by org.apache.arrow.orc:arrow-orc)
  • (2) Through JNI bindings to Arrow C++ Datasets. (Provided by org.apache.arrow:arrow-dataset)