[Python] Provide testing setup to verify wheel binaries work in one or more common Linux distributions

[asfimport]

To help catch issues like ARROW-3514: install a candidate wheel in a fresh environment, run Arrow test suite with the installed package

Reporter: Wes McKinney / @wesm
Assignee: Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #2781

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-3546. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs:
Are Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, CentOS enough? Does manylinux support alpine?

Should this run at the end of the packaging task?
https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/master/dev/tasks/python-wheels/travis.linux.yml#L50

[asfimport]

Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs:
BTW this is another good example for dependent tasks.

[asfimport]

Wes McKinney / @wesm:
We can start with 1 Linux distribution. Mostly I want to see how we could have prevented ARROW-3514 from happening which is causing us to have to endure a lot of pain

[asfimport]

Uwe Korn / @xhochy:
Alpine is not supported by manylinux1 as it's using musl libc instead of glibc.

[asfimport]

Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs:
Added to 0.11.1

[asfimport]

Wes McKinney / @wesm:
Issue resolved by pull request 2781
#2781

[asfimport]

Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs:
@wesm did You intentionally set fix version to 0.12.0 (or the merge script)? This needs to be part of 0.11.1 to actually test the wheels.
Crossbow runs the builds against the locally checked out commit, so when You create the release branch this patch should be applied as well to test the wheels.

[asfimport]

Wes McKinney / @wesm:
OK, I will apply the patch to the maintenance branch