[R][CI] Add nightly job that checks reverse dependencies

[asfimport]

Our 2.0.0 CRAN release is held up because there is now a package with a hard dependency on arrow, and they happened to use an API that we removed in this release (wrongly assuming that no one would want to call it). To prevent future surprises, we should add a nightly (or possibly less frequently, or possibly only triggered if there's changes to R) job that runs reverse dependency checks.

Rscript -e 'install.packages("revdepcheck"); revdepcheck::revdep_check()'
if ! grep -q "no problems at all" revdep/failures.md; then
  cat revdep/failures.md
  exit 1
fi

should be sufficient to run the checks and fail the build if any fail.

Reporter: Neal Richardson / @nealrichardson

Related issues:

• [R] [CI] Run revdep in CI (duplicates)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-10357. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}