[Python][Docs] Update outdated examples for hdfs/azure on the Parquet doc page

[asfimport]

From #10492

• The chapter "Writing to Partitioned Datasets" still presents a "solution" with "hdfs.connect" but since it's mentioned as deprecated no more a good idea to mention it.
• The chapter "Reading a Parquet File from Azure Blob storage" is based on the package "azure.storage.blob" ... but an old one and the actual "azure-sdk-for-python" doesn't have any-more methods like get_blob_to_stream(). Possible to update this part with new blob storage possibilities, and also another mentioning the same concept with Delta Lake (similar principle but since there are differences ...)

Reporter: Joris Van den Bossche / @jorisvandenbossche
Assignee: Joris Van den Bossche / @jorisvandenbossche

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #10548

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-13034. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Joris Van den Bossche / @jorisvandenbossche:
And additionally, for the part about reading from the cloud, we should more clearly refer to fsspec based systems as a workaround for now for filesystems that are not supported natively by Arrow.

[asfimport]

David Li / @lidavidm:
Issue resolved by pull request 10548
#10548