[Doc] Start Glossary of common terms

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Add Annotation Glossary for Apache Arrow project.

Example from the scikit-learn project: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/glossary.html

Reporter: Alenka Frim / @AlenkaF
Assignee: David Li / @lidavidm

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #12868

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-15130. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

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Joris Van den Bossche / @jorisvandenbossche:
A stack overflow answer from David with some useful content: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71428738/is-it-possible-to-append-rows-to-an-existing-arrow-pyarrow-table

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David Li / @lidavidm:
I started working on this incidentally (I didn't notice this ticket until just now) - I'll see if I can get it posted somewhere

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Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou:
Issue resolved by pull request 12868
#12868