[C++][Python] Update developers/python.rst (console blocks + "" in archery install)

[asfimport]

The developers/python.rst page has to be __ updated with:

• use 'console' highlighting (instead of 'shell'). See: MINOR: [Docs] Use 'console' highlighting (instead of 'shell') for code blocks with $ #11840
• add "" to 'pip install -e arrow/dev/archery[lint]'

Reporter: Alenka Frim / @AlenkaF
Assignee: Alenka Frim / @AlenkaF

Related issues:

• [Doc] Add copy button extension to code-blocks (fixes)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #12485

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-15623. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Joris Van den Bossche / @jorisvandenbossche:
Issue resolved by pull request 12485
#12485