[C++] Implement full chunked array support for replace_with_mask

[asfimport]

ARROW-15928 enables this function to accept chunked arrays for the input array, but not for the mask or replacements array. More work is needed to implement those cases (which currently just return an error).

We should also consider how to make this work at least somewhat reusable for similar kernels (e.g. replace_with_indices)

Reporter: David Li / @lidavidm

Related issues:

• [C++][Python] replace_with_mask seg faults when passed ChunkedArray (relates to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-16271. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}