[CI][Archery] Add retry mechanism to git fetch

[asfimport]

Archery seems to fail sometimes to fetch branches for some repositories. Some of the report packaging jobs (https://github.com/ursacomputing/crossbow/runs/6643769198?check_suite_focus=true) have been failing due to git errors when fetching:

   File "/home/runner/work/crossbow/crossbow/arrow/dev/archery/archery/crossbow/cli.py", line 238, in latest_prefix
    queue.fetch()
  File "/home/runner/work/crossbow/crossbow/arrow/dev/archery/archery/crossbow/core.py", line 271, in fetch
    self.origin.fetch([refspec])
  File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.12/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pygit2/remote.py", line 146, in fetch
    payload.check_error(err)
  File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.12/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pygit2/callbacks.py", line 93, in check_error
    check_error(error_code)
  File "/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.8.12/x64/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pygit2/errors.py", line 65, in check_error
    raise GitError(message)
_pygit2.GitError: SSL error: received early EOF
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

I have seen that retrying the job can make it pass.

We should add a retry mechanism to archery to allow retry on GitErrors when fetching branches.

Reporter: Raúl Cumplido / @raulcd
Assignee: Raúl Cumplido / @raulcd

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #13258

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-16684. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs:
Issue resolved by pull request 13258
#13258