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NEWS.txt
2382 lines (1998 loc) · 102 KB
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NEWS.txt
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PLEASE READ: MAXIMUM TTL EXPIRATION DATE NOTICE (CASSANDRA-14092)
------------------------------------------------------------------
(General upgrading instructions are available in the next section)
The maximum expiration timestamp that can be represented by the storage engine is
2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00, which means that inserts with TTL thatl expire after
this date are not currently supported. By default, INSERTS with TTL exceeding the
maximum supported date are rejected, but it's possible to choose a different
expiration overflow policy. See CASSANDRA-14092.txt for more details.
Prior to 3.0.16 (3.0.X) and 3.11.2 (3.11.x) there was no protection against INSERTS
with TTL expiring after the maximum supported date, causing the expiration time
field to overflow and the records to expire immediately. Clusters in the 2.X and
lower series are not subject to this when assertions are enabled. Backed up SSTables
can be potentially recovered and recovery instructions can be found on the
CASSANDRA-14092.txt file.
If you use or plan to use very large TTLS (10 to 20 years), read CASSANDRA-14092.txt
for more information.
PLEASE READ: CVE-2017-5929 LOGBACK BEFORE 1.2.0 SERIALIZATION VULNERABILITY
------------------------------------------------------------------
QOS.ch Logback before 1.2.0 has a serialization vulnerability affecting the
SocketServer and ServerSocketReceiver components.
Logback has not been upgraded to avoid breaking deployments and customizations
based on older versions. If you are using vulnerable components you will need
to upgrade to a newer version of Logback or stop using the vulnerable components.
PLEASE READ: CVE-2021-44521 SCRIPTED UDF SYSTEM ACCESS (CASSANDRA-17352)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have enabled scripted UDFs and run without UDF threads in cassandra.yaml:
enable_user_defined_functions_threads: false
an attacker could access java.lang.System methods and execute arbitrary code on
the machine. Disabling UDF threads is still considered insecure and not recommended.
To continue running without UDF threads you will need to set:
allow_insecure_udfs: true
and if you need access to java.lang.System for existing UDFs, set:
allow_extra_insecure_udfs: true
GENERAL UPGRADING ADVICE FOR ANY VERSION
========================================
Snapshotting is fast (especially if you have JNA installed) and takes
effectively zero disk space until you start compacting the live data
files again. Thus, best practice is to ALWAYS snapshot before any
upgrade, just in case you need to roll back to the previous version.
(Cassandra version X + 1 will always be able to read data files created
by version X, but the inverse is not necessarily the case.)
When upgrading major versions of Cassandra, you will be unable to
restore snapshots created with the previous major version using the
'sstableloader' tool. You can upgrade the file format of your snapshots
using the provided 'sstableupgrade' tool.
3.0.26
======
Upgrading
---------
- Before you upgrade, if you are using `cassandra.auth_bcrypt_gensalt_log2_rounds` property,
confirm it is set to value lower than 31 otherwise Cassandra will fail to start. See CASSANDRA-9384
for further details. You also need to regenerate passwords for users for who the password
was created while the above property was set to be more than 30 otherwise they will not be able to log in.
- The config properties for setting the streaming throughput `stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec` and
`inter_dc_stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec` were incorrectly interpreted as mebibits. This has
been fixed by CASSANDRA-17243, so the values for these properties will now indicate a throughput ~4.6% lower than
what was actually applied in previous versions. This also affects the setters and getters for these properties in
the JMX MBean `org.apache.cassandra.db:type=StorageService` and the nodetool commands `set/getstreamthroughput`
and `set/getinterdcstreamthroughput`.
Statement re-prepare storms
---------------------------
- CASSANDRA-15252 has changed how prepared statement ids are computed in order to avoid infinite re-prepare
loops caused by the driver. This new behaviour will be picked up only when the entire cluster has been updated
to 3.0.26 or higher. In case of a mixed version cluster, different major versions will be taken as a minimum
required version.
3.0.25
======
ALTER ... DROP COMPACT STORAGE
------------------------------
- Following a discussion regarding concerns about the safety of the 'ALTER ... DROP COMPACT STORAGE' statement,
the C* development community does not recommend its use in production and considers it experimental
(see https://www.mail-archive.com/dev@cassandra.apache.org/msg16789.html).
- An 'enable_drop_compact_storage' flag has been added to cassandra.yaml to allow operators to prevent its use.
3.0.24
======
Upgrading
---------
- This release fix a correctness issue with SERIAL reads, and LWT writes that do not apply.
Unfortunately, this fix has a performance impact on read performance at the SERIAL or
LOCAL_SERIAL consistency levels. For heavy users of such SERIAL reads, the performance
impact may be noticeable and may also result in an increased of timeouts. For that
reason, a opt-in system property has been added to disable the fix:
-Dcassandra.unsafe.disable-serial-reads-linearizability=true
Use this flag at your own risk as it revert SERIAL reads to the incorrect behavior of
previous versions. See CASSANDRA-12126 for details.
- In cassandra.yaml, when using vnodes num_tokens must be defined if initial_token is defined.
If it is not defined, or not equal to the numbers of tokens defined in initial_tokens,
the node will not start. See CASSANDRA-14477 for details.
3.0.20
======
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to this release, but please see previous upgrading sections,
especially if you are upgrading from 2.2.
3.0.19
======
Upgrading
---------
- repair_session_max_tree_depth setting has been added to cassandra.yaml to allow operators to reduce
merkle tree size if repair is creating too much heap pressure. See CASSANDRA-14096 for details.
- native_transport_max_negotiable_protocol_version has been added to cassandra.yaml to allow operators to
enforce an upper limit on the version of the native protocol that servers will negotiate with clients.
This can be used during upgrades from 2.1 to 3.0 to prevent errors due to incompatible paging state formats
between the two versions. See CASSANDRA-15193 for details.
3.0.18
======
Upgrading
---------
- The order of static columns in SELECT * has been fixed to match that of 2.0 and 2.1 - they are now sorted
alphabetically again, by their name, just like regular columns are. If you use prepared statements and
SELECT * queries, and have both simple and collection static columns in those tables, and are upgrading from an
earlier 3.0 version, then you might be affected by this change. Please see CASSANDRA-14638 for details.
3.0.17
=====
Upgrading
---------
- Materialized view users upgrading from 3.0.15 or later that have performed range movements (join, decommission, move, etc),
should run repair on the base tables, and subsequently on the views to ensure data affected by CASSANDRA-14251 is correctly
propagated to all replicas.
- Changes to bloom_filter_fp_chance will no longer take effect on existing sstables when the node is restarted. Only
compactions/upgradesstables regenerates bloom filters and Summaries sstable components. See CASSANDRA-11163
Deprecation
-----------
- Background read repair has been deprecated. dclocal_read_repair_chance and
read_repair_chance table options have been deprecated, and will be removed entirely in 4.0.
See CASSANDRA-13910 for details.
3.0.16
=====
Upgrading
---------
- See MAXIMUM TTL EXPIRATION DATE NOTICE above.
- Cassandra is now relying on the JVM options to properly shutdown on OutOfMemoryError. By default it will
rely on the OnOutOfMemoryError option as the ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and CrashOnOutOfMemoryError options
are not supported by the older 1.7 and 1.8 JVMs. A warning will be logged at startup if none of those JVM
options are used. See CASSANDRA-13006 for more details.
- Cassandra is not logging anymore by default an Heap histogram on OutOfMemoryError. To enable that behavior
set the 'cassandra.printHeapHistogramOnOutOfMemoryError' System property to 'true'. See CASSANDRA-13006
for more details.
Materialized Views
-------------------
- Following a discussion regarding concerns about the design and safety of Materialized Views, the C* development
community no longer recommends them for production use, and considers them experimental. Warnings messages will
now be logged when they are created. (See https://www.mail-archive.com/dev@cassandra.apache.org/msg11511.html)
- An 'enable_materialized_views' flag has been added to cassandra.yaml to allow operators to prevent creation of
views
3.0.15
=====
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to this release, but please see previous upgrading sections,
especially if you are upgrading from 2.2.
Compact Storage
---------------
- Starting version 4.0, Thrift is no longer supported.
Starting version 5.0, COMPACT STORAGE will no longer be supported.
'ALTER ... DROP COMPACT STORAGE' statement makes Compact Tables CQL-compatible,
exposing internal structure of Thrift/Compact Tables. You can find more details
on exposed internal structure under:
http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/cql/appendices.html#appendix-c-dropping-compact-storage
For uninterrupted cluster upgrades, drivers now support 'NO_COMPACT' startup option.
Supplying this flag will have same effect as 'DROP COMPACT STORAGE', but only for the
current connection.
In order to upgrade, clients supporting a non-compact schema view can be rolled out
gradually. When all the clients are updated 'ALTER ... DROP COMPACT STORAGE' can be
executed. After dropping compact storage, ’NO_COMPACT' option will have no effect
after that.
Materialized Views
-------------------
- Cassandra will no longer allow dropping columns on tables with Materialized Views.
- A change was made in the way the Materialized View timestamp is computed, which
may cause an old deletion to a base column which is view primary key (PK) column
to not be reflected in the view when repairing the base table post-upgrade. This
condition is only possible when a column deletion to an MV primary key (PK) column
not present in the base table PK (via UPDATE base SET view_pk_col = null or DELETE
view_pk_col FROM base) is missed before the upgrade and received by repair after the upgrade.
If such column deletions are done on a view PK column which is not a base PK, it's advisable
to run repair on the base table of all nodes prior to the upgrade. Alternatively it's possible
to fix potential inconsistencies by running repair on the views after upgrade or drop and
re-create the views. See CASSANDRA-11500 for more details.
- Removal of columns not selected in the Materialized View (via UPDATE base SET unselected_column
= null or DELETE unselected_column FROM base) may not be properly reflected in the view in some
situations so we advise against doing deletions on base columns not selected in views
until this is fixed on CASSANDRA-13826.
3.0.14
======
Upgrading
---------
- ALTER TABLE (ADD/DROP COLUMN) operations concurrent with a read might
result into data corruption (see CASSANDRA-13004 for more details).
Fixing this bug required a messaging protocol version bump. By default,
Cassandra 3.0.14 will use 3014 version for messaging.
Since Schema Migrations rely the on exact messaging protocol version
match between nodes, if you need schema changes during the upgrade
process, you have to start your nodes with `-Dcassandra.force_3_0_protocol_version=true`
first, in order to temporarily force a backwards compatible protocol.
After the whole cluster is upgraded to 3.0.14, do a rolling
restart of the cluster without setting that flag.
3.0.14 nodes with and withouot the flag set will be able to do schema
migrations with other 3.x and 3.0.x releases.
While running the cluster with the flag set to true on 3.0.14 (in
compatibility mode), avoid adding or removing any columns to/from
existing tables.
If your cluster can do without schema migrations during the upgrade
time, just start the cluster normally without setting aforementioned
flag.
- If performing a rolling upgrade from 3.0.13, there will be a schema mismatch caused
by a bug with the schema digest calculation in 3.0.13. This will cause unnecessary
but otherwise harmless schema updates, see CASSANDRA-13559 for more details.
3.0.13
======
Upgrading
---------
- The NativeAccessMBean isAvailable method will only return true if the
native library has been successfully linked. Previously it was returning
true if JNA could be found but was not taking into account link failures.
3.0.12
======
Upgrading
---------
- In 2.1, the default for otc_coalescing_strategy was 'DISABLED'.
In 2.2 and 3.0, it was changed to 'TIMEHORIZON', but that value was shown
to be a performance regression. The default for 3.11.0 and newer has
been reverted to 'DISABLED'. Users upgrading to Cassandra 3.0 should
consider setting otc_coalescing_strategy to 'DISABLED'.
3.0.11
======
Upgrading
---------
- Support for alter types of already defined tables and of UDTs fields has been disabled.
If it is necessary to return a different type, please use casting instead. See
CASSANDRA-12443 for more details.
- Specifying the default_time_to_live option when creating or altering a
materialized view was erroneously accepted (and ignored). It is now
properly rejected.
- Only Java and JavaScript are now supported UDF languages.
The sandbox in 3.0 already prevented the use of script languages except Java
and JavaScript.
- Compaction now correctly drops sstables out of CompactionTask when there
isn't enough disk space to perform the full compaction. This should reduce
pending compaction tasks on systems with little remaining disk space.
- Primary ranges in the system.size_estimates table are now based on the keyspace
replication settings and adjacent ranges are no longer merged (CASSANDRA-9639).
3.0.10
======
Upgrading
---------
- memtable_allocation_type: offheap_buffers is no longer allowed to be specified in the 3.0 series.
This was an oversight that can cause segfaults. Offheap was re-introduced in 3.4 see CASSANDRA-11039
and CASSANDRA-9472 for details.
3.0.9
=====
Upgrading
---------
- The ReversedType behaviour has been corrected for clustering columns of
BYTES type containing empty value. Scrub should be run on the existing
SSTables containing a descending clustering column of BYTES type to correct
their ordering. See CASSANDRA-12127 for more details.
3.0.8
=====
Upgrading
---------
- Ec2MultiRegionSnitch will no longer automatically set broadcast_rpc_address
to the public instance IP if this property is defined on cassandra.yaml.
3.0.7
=====
Upgrading
---------
- A maximum size for SSTables values has been introduced, to prevent out of memory
exceptions when reading corrupt SSTables. This maximum size can be set via
max_value_size_in_mb in cassandra.yaml. The default is 256MB, which matches the default
value of native_transport_max_frame_size_in_mb. SSTables will be considered corrupt if
they contain values whose size exceeds this limit. See CASSANDRA-9530 for more details.
Deprecation
-----------
- DateTieredCompactionStrategy has been deprecated - new tables should use
TimeWindowCompactionStrategy. Note that migrating an existing DTCS-table to TWCS might
cause increased compaction load for a while after the migration so make sure you run
tests before migrating. Read CASSANDRA-9666 for background on this.
New features
------------
- TimeWindowCompactionStrategy has been added. This has proven to be a better approach
to time series compaction and new tables should use this instead of DTCS. See
CASSANDRA-9666 for details.
3.0.6
=====
New features
------------
- JSON timestamps are now in UTC and contain the timezone information, see
CASSANDRA-11137 for more details.
3.0.5
=====
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to this release, but please see previous versions upgrading section,
especially if you are upgrading from 2.2.
3.0.4
=====
New features
------------
- sstabledump tool is added to be 3.0 version of former sstable2json. The tool only
supports v3.0+ SSTables. See tool's help for more detail.
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to this release, but please see previous versions upgrading section,
especially if you are upgrading from 2.2.
3.0.3
=====
New features
------------
- Hinted handoff now supports compression. Reference cassandra.yaml:hints_compression.
Note: hints compression is currently disabled by default.
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to 3.0.3 but please see previous versions upgrading section,
especially if you are upgrading from 2.2.
3.0.1
=====
Upgrading
---------
- The return value of SelectStatement::getLimit as been changed from DataLimits
to int.
- Custom index implementation should be aware that the method Indexer::indexes()
has been removed as its contract was misleading and all custom implementation
should have almost surely returned true inconditionally for that method.
- GC logging is now enabled by default (you can disable it in the jvm.options
file if you prefer).
3.0
===
New features
------------
- EACH_QUORUM is now a supported consistency level for read requests.
- Support for IN restrictions on any partition key component or clustering key
as well as support for EQ and IN multicolumn restrictions has been added to
UPDATE and DELETE statement.
- Support for single-column and multi-colum slice restrictions (>, >=, <= and <)
has been added to DELETE statements
- nodetool rebuild_index accepts the index argument without
the redundant table name
- Materialized Views, which allow for server-side denormalization, is now
available. Materialized views provide an alternative to secondary indexes
for non-primary key queries, and perform much better for indexing high
cardinality columns.
See http://www.datastax.com/dev/blog/new-in-cassandra-3-0-materialized-views
- Hinted handoff has been completely rewritten. Hints are now stored in flat
files, with less overhead for storage and more efficient dispatch.
See CASSANDRA-6230 for full details.
- Option to not purge unrepaired tombstones. To avoid users having data resurrected
if repair has not been run within gc_grace_seconds, an option has been added to
only allow tombstones from repaired sstables to be purged. To enable, set the
compaction option 'only_purge_repaired_tombstones':true but keep in mind that if
you do not run repair for a long time, you will keep all tombstones around which
can cause other problems.
- Enabled warning on GC taking longer than 1000ms. See
cassandra.yaml:gc_warn_threshold_in_ms
Upgrading
---------
- Clients must use the native protocol version 3 when upgrading from 2.2.X as
the native protocol version 4 is not compatible between 2.2.X and 3.Y. See
https://www.mail-archive.com/user@cassandra.apache.org/msg45381.html for details.
- A new argument of type InetAdress has been added to IAuthenticator::newSaslNegotiator,
representing the IP address of the client attempting authentication. It will be a breaking
change for any custom implementations.
- token-generator tool has been removed.
- Upgrade to 3.0 is supported from Cassandra 2.1 versions greater or equal to 2.1.9,
or Cassandra 2.2 versions greater or equal to 2.2.2. Upgrade from Cassandra 2.0 and
older versions is not supported.
- The 'memtable_allocation_type: offheap_objects' option has been removed. It should
be re-introduced in a future release and you can follow CASSANDRA-9472 to know more.
- Configuration parameter memory_allocator in cassandra.yaml has been removed.
- The native protocol versions 1 and 2 are not supported anymore.
- Max mutation size is now configurable via max_mutation_size_in_kb setting in
cassandra.yaml; the default is half the size commitlog_segment_size_in_mb * 1024.
- 3.0 requires Java 8u40 or later.
- Garbage collection options were moved from cassandra-env to jvm.options file.
- New transaction log files have been introduced to replace the compactions_in_progress
system table, temporary file markers (tmp and tmplink) and sstable ancerstors.
Therefore, compaction metadata no longer contains ancestors. Transaction log files
list sstable descriptors involved in compactions and other operations such as flushing
and streaming. Use the sstableutil tool to list any sstable files currently involved
in operations not yet completed, which previously would have been marked as temporary.
A transaction log file contains one sstable per line, with the prefix "add:" or "remove:".
They also contain a special line "commit", only inserted at the end when the transaction
is committed. On startup we use these files to cleanup any partial transactions that were
in progress when the process exited. If the commit line is found, we keep new sstables
(those with the "add" prefix) and delete the old sstables (those with the "remove" prefix),
vice-versa if the commit line is missing. Should you lose or delete these log files,
both old and new sstable files will be kept as live files, which will result in duplicated
sstables. These files are protected by incremental checksums so you should not manually
edit them. When restoring a full backup or moving sstable files, you should clean-up
any left over transactions and their temporary files first. You can use this command:
===> sstableutil -c ks table
See CASSANDRA-7066 for full details.
- New write stages have been added for batchlog and materialized view mutations
you can set their size in cassandra.yaml
- User defined functions are now executed in a sandbox.
To use UDFs and UDAs, you have to enable them in cassandra.yaml.
- New SSTable version 'la' with improved bloom-filter false-positive handling
compared to previous version 'ka' used in 2.2 and 2.1. Running sstableupgrade
is not necessary but recommended.
- Before upgrading to 3.0, make sure that your cluster is in complete agreement
(schema versions outputted by `nodetool describecluster` are all the same).
- Schema metadata is now stored in the new `system_schema` keyspace, and
legacy `system.schema_*` tables are now gone; see CASSANDRA-6717 for details.
- Pig's support has been removed.
- Hadoop BulkOutputFormat and BulkRecordWriter have been removed; use
CqlBulkOutputFormat and CqlBulkRecordWriter instead.
- Hadoop ColumnFamilyInputFormat and ColumnFamilyOutputFormat have been removed;
use CqlInputFormat and CqlOutputFormat instead.
- Hadoop ColumnFamilyRecordReader and ColumnFamilyRecordWriter have been removed;
use CqlRecordReader and CqlRecordWriter instead.
- hinted_handoff_enabled in cassandra.yaml no longer supports a list of data centers.
To specify a list of excluded data centers when hinted_handoff_enabled is set to true,
use hinted_handoff_disabled_datacenters, see CASSANDRA-9035 for details.
- The `sstable_compression` and `chunk_length_kb` compression options have been deprecated.
The new options are `class` and `chunk_length_in_kb`. Disabling compression should now
be done by setting the new option `enabled` to `false`.
- The compression option `crc_check_chance` became a top-level table option, but is currently
enforced only against tables with enabled compression.
- Only map syntax is now allowed for caching options. ALL/NONE/KEYS_ONLY/ROWS_ONLY syntax
has been deprecated since 2.1.0 and is being removed in 3.0.0.
- The 'index_interval' option for 'CREATE TABLE' statements, which has been deprecated
since 2.1 and replaced with the 'min_index_interval' and 'max_index_interval' options,
has now been removed.
- The 'replicate_on_write' and 'populate_io_cache_on_flush' options for 'CREATE TABLE' statements,
which have been deprecated since 2.1, have also been removed.
- Batchlog entries are now stored in a new table - system.batches.
The old one has been deprecated.
- JMX methods set/getCompactionStrategyClass have been removed, use
set/getCompactionParameters or set/getCompactionParametersJson instead.
- SizeTieredCompactionStrategy parameter cold_reads_to_omit has been removed.
- The secondary index API has been comprehensively reworked. This will be a breaking
change for any custom index implementations, which should now look to implement
the new org.apache.cassandra.index.Index interface. New syntax has been added to create
and query row-based indexes, which are not explicitly linked to a single column in the
base table.
2.2.4
=====
Deprecation
-----------
- Pig support has been deprecated, and will be removed in 3.0.
Please see CASSANDRA-10542 for more details.
- Configuration parameter memory_allocator in cassandra.yaml has been deprecated
and will be removed in 3.0.0. As mentioned below for 2.2.0, jemalloc is
automatically preloaded on Unix platforms.
Operations
----------
- Switching data center or racks is no longer an allowed operation on a node
which has data. Instead, the node will need to be decommissioned and
rebootstrapped. If moving from the SimpleSnitch, make sure that the data
center and rack containing all current nodes is named "datacenter1" and
"rack1". To override this behaviour use -Dcassandra.ignore_rack=true and/or
-Dcassandra.ignore_dc=true.
- Reloading the configuration file of GossipingPropertyFileSnitch has been disabled.
Upgrading
---------
- The default for the inter-DC stream throughput setting
(inter_dc_stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec in cassandra.yaml) is
the same than the one for intra-DC one (200Mbps) instead of being unlimited.
Having it unlimited was never intended and was a bug.
New features
------------
- Time windows in DTCS are now limited to 1 day by default to be able to
handle bootstrap and repair in a better way. To get the old behaviour,
increase max_window_size_seconds.
- DTCS option max_sstable_age_days is now deprecated and defaults to 1000 days.
- Native protocol server now allows both SSL and non-SSL connections on
the same port.
2.2.3
=====
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to this release, but please see 2.2 if you are upgrading
from a previous version.
2.2.2
=====
Changed Defaults
----------------
- commitlog_total_space_in_mb will use the smaller of 8192, and 1/4
of the total space of the commitlog volume. (Before: always used
8192)
- The following INFO logs were reduced to DEBUG level and will now show
on debug.log instead of system.log:
- Memtable flushing actions
- Commit log replayed files
- Compacted sstables
- SStable opening (SSTableReader)
New features
------------
- Custom QueryHandlers can retrieve the column specifications for the bound
variables from QueryOptions by using the hasColumnSpecifications()
and getColumnSpecifications() methods.
- A new default assynchronous log appender debug.log was created in addition
to the system.log appender in order to provide more detailed log debugging.
In order to disable debug logging, you must comment-out the ASYNCDEBUGLOG
appender on conf/logback.xml. See CASSANDRA-10241 for more information.
2.2.1
=====
New features
------------
- COUNT(*) and COUNT(1) can be selected with other columns or functions
2.2
===
Upgrading
---------
- The authentication & authorization subsystems have been redesigned to
support role based access control (RBAC), resulting in a change to the
schema of the system_auth keyspace. See below for more detail.
For systems already using the internal auth implementations, the process
for converting existing data during a rolling upgrade is straightforward.
As each node is restarted, it will attempt to convert any data in the
legacy tables into the new schema. Until enough nodes to satisfy the
replication strategy for the system_auth keyspace are upgraded and so have
the new schema, this conversion will fail with the failure being reported
in the system log.
During the upgrade, Cassandra's internal auth classes will continue to use
the legacy tables, so clients experience no disruption. Issuing DCL
statements during an upgrade is not supported.
Once all nodes are upgraded, an operator with superuser privileges should
drop the legacy tables, system_auth.users, system_auth.credentials and
system_auth.permissions. Doing so will prompt Cassandra to switch over to
the new tables without requiring any further intervention.
While the legacy tables are present a restarted node will re-run the data
conversion and report the outcome so that operators can verify that it is
safe to drop them.
New features
------------
- The LIMIT clause applies now only to the number of rows returned to the user,
not to the number of row queried. By consequence, queries using aggregates will not
be impacted by the LIMIT clause anymore.
- Very large batches will now be rejected (defaults to 50kb). This
can be customized by modifying batch_size_fail_threshold_in_kb.
- Selecting columns,scalar functions, UDT fields, writetime or ttl together
with aggregated is now possible. The value returned for the columns,
scalar functions, UDT fields, writetime and ttl will be the ones for
the first row matching the query.
- Windows is now a supported platform. Powershell execution for startup scripts
is highly recommended and can be enabled via an administrator command-prompt
with: 'powershell set-executionpolicy unrestricted'
- It is now possible to do major compactions when using leveled compaction.
Doing that will take all sstables and compact them out in levels. The
levels will be non overlapping so doing this will still not be something
you want to do very often since it might cause more compactions for a while.
It is also possible to split output when doing a major compaction with
STCS - files will be split in sizes 50%, 25%, 12.5% etc of the total size.
This might be a bit better than old major compactions which created one big
file on disk.
- A new tool has been added bin/sstableverify that checks for errors/bitrot
in all sstables. Unlike scrub, this is a non-invasive tool.
- Authentication & Authorization APIs have been updated to introduce
roles. Roles and Permissions granted to them are inherited, supporting
role based access control. The role concept supercedes that of users
and CQL constructs such as CREATE USER are deprecated but retained for
compatibility. The requirement to explicitly create Roles in Cassandra
even when auth is handled by an external system has been removed, so
authentication & authorization can be delegated to such systems in their
entirety.
- In addition to the above, Roles are also first class resources and can be the
subject of permissions. Users (roles) can now be granted permissions on other
roles, including CREATE, ALTER, DROP & AUTHORIZE, which removesthe need for
superuser privileges in order to perform user/role management operations.
- Creators of database resources (Keyspaces, Tables, Roles) are now automatically
granted all permissions on them (if the IAuthorizer implementation supports
this).
- SSTable file name is changed. Now you don't have Keyspace/CF name
in file name. Also, secondary index has its own directory under parent's
directory.
- Support for user-defined functions and user-defined aggregates have
been added to CQL.
************************************************************************
IMPORTANT NOTE: user-defined functions can be used to execute
arbitrary and possibly evil code in Cassandra 2.2, and are
therefore disabled by default. To enable UDFs edit
cassandra.yaml and set enable_user_defined_functions to true.
CASSANDRA-9402 will add a security manager for UDFs in Cassandra
3.0. This will inherently be backwards-incompatible with any 2.2
UDF that perform insecure operations such as opening a socket or
writing to the filesystem.
************************************************************************
- Row-cache is now fully off-heap.
- jemalloc is now automatically preloaded and used on Linux and OS-X if
installed.
- Please ensure on Unix platforms that there is no libjnadispath.so
installed which is accessible by Cassandra. Old versions of
libjna packages (< 4.0.0) will cause problems - e.g. Debian Wheezy
contains libjna versin 3.2.x.
- The node now keeps up when streaming is failed during bootstrapping. You can
use new `nodetool bootstrap resume` command to continue streaming after resolving
an issue.
- Protocol version 4 specifies that bind variables do not require having a
value when executing a statement. Bind variables without a value are
called 'unset'. The 'unset' bind variable is serialized as the int
value '-2' without following bytes.
In an EXECUTE or BATCH request an unset bind value does not modify the value and
does not create a tombstone, an unset bind ttl is treated as 'unlimited',
an unset bind timestamp is treated as 'now', an unset bind counter operation
does not change the counter value.
Unset tuple field, UDT field and map key are not allowed.
In a QUERY request an unset limit is treated as 'unlimited'.
Unset WHERE clauses with unset partition column, clustering column
or index column are not allowed.
- New `ByteType` (cql tinyint). 1-byte signed integer
- New `ShortType` (cql smallint). 2-byte signed integer
- New `SimpleDateType` (cql date). 4-byte unsigned integer
- New `TimeType` (cql time). 8-byte long
- The toDate(timeuuid), toTimestamp(timeuuid) and toUnixTimestamp(timeuuid) functions have been added to allow
to convert from timeuuid into date type, timestamp type and bigint raw value.
The functions unixTimestampOf(timeuuid) and dateOf(timeuuid) have been deprecated.
- The toDate(timestamp) and toUnixTimestamp(timestamp) functions have been added to allow
to convert from timestamp into date type and bigint raw value.
- The toTimestamp(date) and toUnixTimestamp(date) functions have been added to allow
to convert from date into timestamp type and bigint raw value.
- SizeTieredCompactionStrategy parameter cold_reads_to_omit has been removed.
- The default JVM flag -XX:+PerfDisableSharedMem will cause the following tools JVM
to stop working: jps, jstack, jinfo, jmc, jcmd as well as 3rd party tools like Jolokia.
If you wish to use these tools you can comment this flag out in cassandra-env.{sh,ps1}
Upgrading
---------
- Thrift rpc is no longer being started by default.
Set `start_rpc` parameter to `true` to enable it.
- Pig's CqlStorage has been removed, use CqlNativeStorage instead
- Pig's CassandraStorage has been deprecated. CassandraStorage
should only be used against tables created via thrift.
Use CqlNativeStorage for all other tables.
- IAuthenticator been updated to remove responsibility for user/role
maintenance and is now solely responsible for validating credentials,
This is primarily done via SASL, though an optional method exists for
systems which need support for the Thrift login() method.
- IRoleManager interface has been added which takes over the maintenance
functions from IAuthenticator. IAuthorizer is mainly unchanged. Auth data
in systems using the stock internal implementations PasswordAuthenticator
& CassandraAuthorizer will be automatically converted during upgrade,
with minimal operator intervention required. Custom implementations will
require modification, though these can be used in conjunction with the
stock CassandraRoleManager so providing an IRoleManager implementation
should not usually be necessary.
- Fat client support has been removed since we have push notifications to clients
- cassandra-cli has been removed. Please use cqlsh instead.
- YamlFileNetworkTopologySnitch has been removed; switch to
GossipingPropertyFileSnitch instead.
- CQL2 has been removed entirely in this release (previously deprecated
in 2.0.0). Please switch to CQL3 if you haven't already done so.
- The results of CQL3 queries containing an IN restriction will be ordered
in the normal order and not anymore in the order in which the column values were
specified in the IN restriction.
- Some secondary index queries with restrictions on non-indexed clustering
columns were not requiring ALLOW FILTERING as they should. This has been
fixed, and those queries now require ALLOW FILTERING (see CASSANDRA-8418
for details).
- The SSTableSimpleWriter and SSTableSimpleUnsortedWriter classes have been
deprecated and will be removed in the next major Cassandra release. You
should use the CQLSSTableWriter class instead.
- The sstable2json and json2sstable tools have been deprecated and will be
removed in the next major Cassandra release. See CASSANDRA-9618
(https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-9618) for details.
- nodetool enablehandoff will no longer support a list of data centers starting
with the next major release. Two new commands will be added, enablehintsfordc and disablehintsfordc,
to exclude data centers from using hinted handoff when the global status is enabled.
In cassandra.yaml, hinted_handoff_enabled will no longer support a list of data centers starting
with the next major release. A new setting will be added, hinted_handoff_disabled_datacenters,
to exclude data centers when the global status is enabled, see CASSANDRA-9035 for details.
2.1.13
======
New features
------------
- New options for cqlsh COPY FROM and COPY TO, see CASSANDRA-9303 for details.
2.1.10
=====
New features
------------
- The syntax TRUNCATE TABLE X is now accepted as an alias for TRUNCATE X
2.1.9
=====
Upgrading
---------
- cqlsh will now display timestamps with a UTC timezone. Previously,
timestamps were displayed with the local timezone.
- Commit log files are no longer recycled by default, due to negative
performance implications. This can be enabled again with the
commitlog_segment_recycling option in your cassandra.yaml
- JMX methods set/getCompactionStrategyClass have been deprecated, use
set/getCompactionParameters/set/getCompactionParametersJson instead
2.1.8
=====
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to this release, but please see 2.1 if you are upgrading
from a previous version.
2.1.7
=====
2.1.6
=====
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to this release, but please see 2.1 if you are upgrading
from a previous version.
2.1.5
=====
Upgrading
---------
- The option to omit cold sstables with size tiered compaction has been
removed - it is almost always better to use date tiered compaction for
workloads that have cold data.
2.1.4
=====
Upgrading
---------
The default JMX config now listens to localhost only. You must enable
the other JMX flags in cassandra-env.sh manually.
2.1.3
=====
Upgrading
---------
- Prepending a list to a list collection was erroneously resulting in
the prepended list being reversed upon insertion. If you were depending
on this buggy behavior, note that it has been corrected.
- Incremental replacement of compacted SSTables has been disabled for this
release.
2.1.2
=====
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to this release, but please see 2.1 if you are upgrading
from a previous version.
2.1.1
=====
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to this release, but please see 2.1 if you are upgrading
from a previous version.
New features
------------
- Netty support for epoll on linux is now enabled. If for some
reason you want to disable it pass, the following system property
-Dcassandra.native.epoll.enabled=false
2.1
===
New features
------------
- Default data and log locations have changed. If not set in
cassandra.yaml, the data file directory, commitlog directory,
and saved caches directory will default to $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/data,
$CASSANDRA_HOME/data/commitlog, and $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/saved_caches,
respectively. The log directory now defaults to $CASSANDRA_HOME/logs.
If not set, $CASSANDRA_HOME, defaults to the top-level directory of
the installation.
Note that this should only affect source checkouts and tarballs.
Deb and RPM packages will continue to use /var/lib/cassandra and
/var/log/cassandra in cassandra.yaml.
- SSTable data directory name is slightly changed. Each directory will
have hex string appended after CF name, e.g.
ks/cf-5be396077b811e3a3ab9dc4b9ac088d/
This hex string part represents unique ColumnFamily ID.
Note that existing directories are used as is, so only newly created
directories after upgrade have new directory name format.
- Saved key cache files also have ColumnFamily ID in their file name.
- It is now possible to do incremental repairs, sstables that have been
repaired are marked with a timestamp and not included in the next
repair session. Use nodetool repair -par -inc to use this feature.
A tool to manually mark/unmark sstables as repaired is available in
tools/bin/sstablerepairedset. This is particularly important when
using LCS, or any data not repaired in your first incremental repair
will be put back in L0.
- Bootstrapping now ensures that range movements are consistent,
meaning the data for the new node is taken from the node that is no
longer a responsible for that range of keys.
If you want the old behavior (due to a lost node perhaps)
you can set the following property (-Dcassandra.consistent.rangemovement=false)
- It is now possible to use quoted identifiers in triggers' names.
WARNING: if you previously used triggers with capital letters in their
names, then you must quote them from now on.
- Improved stress tool (http://goo.gl/OTNqiQ)
- New incremental repair option (http://goo.gl/MjohJp, http://goo.gl/f8jSme)
- Incremental replacement of compacted SSTables (http://goo.gl/JfDBGW)
- The row cache can now cache only the head of partitions (http://goo.gl/6TJPH6)
- Off-heap memtables (http://goo.gl/YT7znJ)
- CQL improvements and additions: User-defined types, tuple types, 2ndary
indexing of collections, ... (http://goo.gl/kQl7GW)
Upgrading
---------
- commitlog_sync_batch_window_in_ms behavior has changed from the
maximum time to wait between fsync to the minimum time. We are
working on making this more user-friendly (see CASSANDRA-9533) but in the
meantime, this means 2.1 needs a much smaller batch window to keep
writer threads from starving. The suggested default is now 2ms.
- Rolling upgrades from anything pre-2.0.7 is not supported. Furthermore
pre-2.0 sstables are not supported. This means that before upgrading
a node on 2.1, this node must be started on 2.0 and
'nodetool upgdradesstables' must be run (and this even in the case
of not-rolling upgrades).
- For size-tiered compaction users, Cassandra now defaults to ignoring
the coldest 5% of sstables. This can be customized with the
cold_reads_to_omit compaction option; 0.0 omits nothing (the old
behavior) and 1.0 omits everything.
- Multithreaded compaction has been removed.
- Counters implementation has been changed, replaced by a safer one with
less caveats, but different performance characteristics. You might have
to change your data model to accomodate the new implementation.
(See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-6504 and the
blog post at http://goo.gl/qj8iQl for details).
- (per-table) index_interval parameter has been replaced with
min_index_interval and max_index_interval paratemeters. index_interval
has been deprecated.
- support for supercolumns has been removed from json2sstable
2.0.11
======
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to this release, but refer to previous entries if you
are upgrading from a previous version.
New features
------------
- DateTieredCompactionStrategy added, optimized for time series data and groups
data that is written closely in time (CASSANDRA-6602 for details). Consider
this experimental for now.
2.0.10
======
New features
------------
- CqlPaginRecordReader and CqlPagingInputFormat have both been removed.
Use CqlInputFormat instead.
- If you are using Leveled Compaction, you can now disable doing size-tiered
compaction in L0 by starting Cassandra with -Dcassandra.disable_stcs_in_l0
(see CASSANDRA-6621 for details).
- Shuffle and taketoken have been removed. For clusters that choose to
upgrade to vnodes, creating a new datacenter with vnodes and migrating is
recommended. See http://goo.gl/Sna2S1 for further information.
2.0.9
=====
Upgrading
---------
- Default values for read_repair_chance and local_read_repair_chance have been
swapped. Namely, default read_repair_chance is now set to 0.0, and default
local_read_repair_chance to 0.1.
- Queries selecting only CQL static columns were (mistakenly) not returning one
result per row in the partition. This has been fixed and a SELECT DISTINCT
can be used when only the static column of a partition needs to be fetch
without fetching the whole partition. But if you use static columns, please
make sure this won't affect you (see CASSANDRA-7305 for details).
2.0.8
=====
New features
------------
- New snitches have been used for users of Google Compute Engine and of
Cloudstack.
Upgrading
---------
- Nothing specific to this release, but please see 2.0.7 if you are upgrading