FileUtilsTestCase.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.io;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.zip.CRC32;
import java.util.zip.Checksum;

import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.NameFileFilter;
import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.WildcardFileFilter;
import org.apache.commons.io.testtools.FileBasedTestCase;
import org.junit.Assert;

/**
 * This is used to test FileUtils for correctness.
 *
 * @version $Id$
 * @see FileUtils
 */
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation") // unit tests include tests of many deprecated methods
public class FileUtilsTestCase extends FileBasedTestCase {

    // Test data

    /**
     * Size of test directory.
     */
    private static final int TEST_DIRECTORY_SIZE = 0;

    /**
     * Size of test directory.
     */
    private static final BigInteger TEST_DIRECTORY_SIZE_BI = BigInteger.ZERO;

    /**
     * Size (greater of zero) of test file.
     */
    private static final BigInteger TEST_DIRECTORY_SIZE_GT_ZERO_BI = BigInteger.valueOf(100);

    /**
     * List files recursively
     */
    private static final ListDirectoryWalker LIST_WALKER = new ListDirectoryWalker();

    /** Delay in milliseconds to make sure test for "last modified date" are accurate */
    //private static final int LAST_MODIFIED_DELAY = 600;

    private final File testFile1;
    private final File testFile2;

    private final int testFile1Size;
    private final int testFile2Size;

    public FileUtilsTestCase(final String name) {
        super(name);

        testFile1 = new File(getTestDirectory(), "file1-test.txt");
        testFile2 = new File(getTestDirectory(), "file1a-test.txt");

        testFile1Size = (int)testFile1.length();
        testFile2Size = (int)testFile2.length();
    }

    /** @see junit.framework.TestCase#setUp() */
    @Override
    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        getTestDirectory().mkdirs();
        createFile(testFile1, testFile1Size);
        createFile(testFile2, testFile2Size);
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(getTestDirectory());
        getTestDirectory().mkdirs();
        createFile(testFile1, testFile1Size);
        createFile(testFile2, testFile2Size);
    }

    /** @see junit.framework.TestCase#tearDown() */
    @Override
    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(getTestDirectory());
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Tests the {@link FileUtils#getFile(String...)} method.
     */
    public void testGetFile() {
        final File expected_A = new File("src");
        final File expected_B = new File(expected_A, "main");
        final File expected_C = new File(expected_B, "java");
        assertEquals("A", expected_A, FileUtils.getFile("src"));
        assertEquals("B", expected_B, FileUtils.getFile("src", "main"));
        assertEquals("C", expected_C, FileUtils.getFile("src", "main", "java"));
        try {
            FileUtils.getFile((String[])null);
            fail("Expected NullPointerException");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    /**
     * Tests the {@link FileUtils#getFile(File, String...)} method.
     */
    public void testGetFile_Parent() {
        final File parent = new File("parent");
        final File expected_A = new File(parent, "src");
        final File expected_B = new File(expected_A, "main");
        final File expected_C = new File(expected_B, "java");
        assertEquals("A", expected_A, FileUtils.getFile(parent, "src"));
        assertEquals("B", expected_B, FileUtils.getFile(parent, "src", "main"));
        assertEquals("C", expected_C, FileUtils.getFile(parent, "src", "main", "java"));
        try {
            FileUtils.getFile(parent, (String[])null);
            fail("Expected NullPointerException");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            FileUtils.getFile((File)null, "src");
            fail("Expected NullPointerException");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    /**
     * Tests the {@link FileUtils#getTempDirectoryPath()} method.
     */
    public void testGetTempDirectoryPath() {
        assertEquals(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"),
            FileUtils.getTempDirectoryPath());
    }

    /**
     * Tests the {@link FileUtils#getTempDirectory()} method.
     */
    public void testGetTempDirectory() {
        final File tempDirectory = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
        assertEquals(tempDirectory, FileUtils.getTempDirectory());
    }

    /**
     * Tests the {@link FileUtils#getUserDirectoryPath()} method.
     */
    public void testGetUserDirectoryPath() {
        assertEquals(System.getProperty("user.home"),
            FileUtils.getUserDirectoryPath());
    }

    /**
     * Tests the {@link FileUtils#getUserDirectory()} method.
     */
    public void testGetUserDirectory() {
        final File userDirectory = new File(System.getProperty("user.home"));
        assertEquals(userDirectory, FileUtils.getUserDirectory());
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void test_openInputStream_exists() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "test.txt");
        createLineBasedFile(file, new String[] {"Hello"});
        FileInputStream in = null;
        try {
            in = FileUtils.openInputStream(file);
            assertEquals('H', in.read());
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(in);
        }
    }

    public void test_openInputStream_existsButIsDirectory() throws Exception {
        final File directory = new File(getTestDirectory(), "subdir");
        directory.mkdirs();
        FileInputStream in = null;
        try {
            in = FileUtils.openInputStream(directory);
            fail();
        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(in);
        }
    }

    public void test_openInputStream_notExists() throws Exception {
        final File directory = new File(getTestDirectory(), "test.txt");
        FileInputStream in = null;
        try {
            in = FileUtils.openInputStream(directory);
            fail();
        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(in);
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    void openOutputStream_noParent(final boolean createFile) throws Exception {
        final File file = new File("test.txt");
        assertNull(file.getParentFile());
        try {
            if (createFile) {
            createLineBasedFile(file, new String[]{"Hello"});}
            FileOutputStream out = null;
            try {
                out = FileUtils.openOutputStream(file);
                out.write(0);
            } finally {
                IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
            }
            assertTrue(file.exists());
        } finally {
            if (file.delete() == false) {
                file.deleteOnExit();
            }
        }
    }

    public void test_openOutputStream_noParentCreateFile() throws Exception {
        openOutputStream_noParent(true);
    }

    public void test_openOutputStream_noParentNoFile() throws Exception {
        openOutputStream_noParent(false);
    }


    public void test_openOutputStream_exists() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "test.txt");
        createLineBasedFile(file, new String[] {"Hello"});
        FileOutputStream out = null;
        try {
            out = FileUtils.openOutputStream(file);
            out.write(0);
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
        }
        assertTrue(file.exists());
    }

    public void test_openOutputStream_existsButIsDirectory() throws Exception {
        final File directory = new File(getTestDirectory(), "subdir");
        directory.mkdirs();
        FileOutputStream out = null;
        try {
            out = FileUtils.openOutputStream(directory);
            fail();
        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
        }
    }

    public void test_openOutputStream_notExists() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "a/test.txt");
        FileOutputStream out = null;
        try {
            out = FileUtils.openOutputStream(file);
            out.write(0);
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
        }
        assertTrue(file.exists());
    }

    public void test_openOutputStream_notExistsCannotCreate() throws Exception {
        // according to Wikipedia, most filing systems have a 256 limit on filename
        final String longStr =
            "abcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyz" +
            "abcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyz" +
            "abcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyz" +
            "abcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyz" +
            "abcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyz" +
            "abcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyzabcdevwxyz";  // 300 chars
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "a/" + longStr + "/test.txt");
        FileOutputStream out = null;
        try {
            out = FileUtils.openOutputStream(file);
            fail();
        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
            // expected
        } finally {
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    // byteCountToDisplaySize
    public void testByteCountToDisplaySizeBigInteger() {
        final BigInteger b1023 = BigInteger.valueOf(1023);
        final BigInteger b1025 = BigInteger.valueOf(1025);
        final BigInteger KB1 = BigInteger.valueOf(1024);
        final BigInteger MB1 = KB1.multiply(KB1);
        final BigInteger GB1 = MB1.multiply(KB1);
        final BigInteger GB2 = GB1.add(GB1);
        final BigInteger TB1 = GB1.multiply(KB1);
        final BigInteger PB1 = TB1.multiply(KB1);
        final BigInteger EB1 = PB1.multiply(KB1);
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(BigInteger.ZERO), "0 bytes");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(BigInteger.ONE), "1 bytes");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(b1023), "1023 bytes");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(KB1), "1 KB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(b1025), "1 KB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(MB1.subtract(BigInteger.ONE)), "1023 KB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(MB1), "1 MB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(MB1.add(BigInteger.ONE)), "1 MB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(GB1.subtract(BigInteger.ONE)), "1023 MB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(GB1), "1 GB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(GB1.add(BigInteger.ONE)), "1 GB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(GB2), "2 GB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(GB2.subtract(BigInteger.ONE)), "1 GB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(TB1), "1 TB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(PB1), "1 PB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(EB1), "1 EB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(Long.MAX_VALUE), "7 EB");
        // Other MAX_VALUEs
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(BigInteger.valueOf(Character.MAX_VALUE)), "63 KB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(BigInteger.valueOf(Short.MAX_VALUE)), "31 KB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(BigInteger.valueOf(Integer.MAX_VALUE)), "1 GB");
    }

    public void testByteCountToDisplaySizeLong() {
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(0), "0 bytes");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1), "1 bytes");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1023), "1023 bytes");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024), "1 KB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1025), "1 KB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024 * 1023), "1023 KB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024 * 1024), "1 MB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024 * 1025), "1 MB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024 * 1024 * 1023), "1023 MB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024 * 1024 * 1024), "1 GB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024 * 1024 * 1025), "1 GB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024L * 1024 * 1024 * 2), "2 GB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 2 - 1), "1 GB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024), "1 TB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024), "1 PB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(1024L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024), "1 EB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(Long.MAX_VALUE), "7 EB");
        // Other MAX_VALUEs
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(Character.MAX_VALUE), "63 KB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(Short.MAX_VALUE), "31 KB");
        assertEquals(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(Integer.MAX_VALUE), "1 GB");
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testToFile1() throws Exception {
        final URL url = new URL("file", null, "a/b/c/file.txt");
        final File file = FileUtils.toFile(url);
        assertTrue(file.toString().indexOf("file.txt") >= 0);
    }

    public void testToFile2() throws Exception {
        final URL url = new URL("file", null, "a/b/c/file%20n%61me%2520.tx%74");
        final File file = FileUtils.toFile(url);
        assertTrue(file.toString().indexOf("file name%20.txt") >= 0);
    }

    public void testToFile3() throws Exception {
        assertEquals(null, FileUtils.toFile((URL) null));
        assertEquals(null, FileUtils.toFile(new URL("http://jakarta.apache.org")));
    }

    public void testToFile4() throws Exception {
        final URL url = new URL("file", null, "a/b/c/file%%20%me.txt%");
        final File file = FileUtils.toFile(url);
        assertTrue(file.toString().indexOf("file% %me.txt%") >= 0);
    }

    /** IO-252 */
    public void testToFile5() throws Exception {
        final URL url = new URL("file", null, "both%20are%20100%20%25%20true");
        final File file = FileUtils.toFile(url);
        assertEquals("both are 100 % true", file.toString());
    }
    public void testToFileUtf8() throws Exception {
        final URL url = new URL("file", null, "/home/%C3%A4%C3%B6%C3%BC%C3%9F");
        final File file = FileUtils.toFile(url);
        assertTrue(file.toString().indexOf("\u00E4\u00F6\u00FC\u00DF") >= 0);
    }

    public void testDecodeUrl() {
        assertEquals("", FileUtils.decodeUrl(""));
        assertEquals("foo", FileUtils.decodeUrl("foo"));
        assertEquals("+", FileUtils.decodeUrl("+"));
        assertEquals("% ", FileUtils.decodeUrl("%25%20"));
        assertEquals("%20", FileUtils.decodeUrl("%2520"));
        assertEquals("jar:file:/C:/dir/sub dir/1.0/foo-1.0.jar!/org/Bar.class", FileUtils
                .decodeUrl("jar:file:/C:/dir/sub%20dir/1.0/foo-1.0.jar!/org/Bar.class"));
    }

    public void testDecodeUrlLenient() {
        assertEquals(" ", FileUtils.decodeUrl(" "));
        assertEquals("\u00E4\u00F6\u00FC\u00DF", FileUtils.decodeUrl("\u00E4\u00F6\u00FC\u00DF"));
        assertEquals("%", FileUtils.decodeUrl("%"));
        assertEquals("% ", FileUtils.decodeUrl("%%20"));
        assertEquals("%2", FileUtils.decodeUrl("%2"));
        assertEquals("%2G", FileUtils.decodeUrl("%2G"));
    }

    public void testDecodeUrlNullSafe() {
        assertNull(FileUtils.decodeUrl(null));
    }

    public void testDecodeUrlEncodingUtf8() {
        assertEquals("\u00E4\u00F6\u00FC\u00DF", FileUtils.decodeUrl("%C3%A4%C3%B6%C3%BC%C3%9F"));
    }

    // toFiles

    public void testToFiles1() throws Exception {
        final URL[] urls = new URL[] {
            new URL("file", null, "file1.txt"),
            new URL("file", null, "file2.txt"),
        };
        final File[] files = FileUtils.toFiles(urls);

        assertEquals(urls.length, files.length);
        assertEquals("File: " + files[0], true, files[0].toString().indexOf("file1.txt") >= 0);
        assertEquals("File: " + files[1], true, files[1].toString().indexOf("file2.txt") >= 0);
    }

    public void testToFiles2() throws Exception {
        final URL[] urls = new URL[] {
            new URL("file", null, "file1.txt"),
            null,
        };
        final File[] files = FileUtils.toFiles(urls);

        assertEquals(urls.length, files.length);
        assertEquals("File: " + files[0], true, files[0].toString().indexOf("file1.txt") >= 0);
        assertEquals("File: " + files[1], null, files[1]);
    }

    public void testToFiles3() throws Exception {
        final URL[] urls = null;
        final File[] files = FileUtils.toFiles(urls);

        assertEquals(0, files.length);
    }

    public void testToFiles3a() throws Exception {
        final URL[] urls = new URL[0]; // empty array
        final File[] files = FileUtils.toFiles(urls);

        assertEquals(0, files.length);
    }

    public void testToFiles4() throws Exception {
        final URL[] urls = new URL[] {
            new URL("file", null, "file1.txt"),
            new URL("http", "jakarta.apache.org", "file1.txt"),
        };
        try {
            FileUtils.toFiles(urls);
            fail();
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {}
    }

    // toURLs

    public void testToURLs1() throws Exception {
        final File[] files = new File[] {
            new File(getTestDirectory(), "file1.txt"),
            new File(getTestDirectory(), "file2.txt"),
            new File(getTestDirectory(), "test file.txt"),
        };
        final URL[] urls = FileUtils.toURLs(files);

        assertEquals(files.length, urls.length);
        assertTrue(urls[0].toExternalForm().startsWith("file:"));
        assertTrue(urls[0].toExternalForm().indexOf("file1.txt") >= 0);
        assertTrue(urls[1].toExternalForm().startsWith("file:"));
        assertTrue(urls[1].toExternalForm().indexOf("file2.txt") >= 0);

        // Test escaped char
        assertTrue(urls[2].toExternalForm().startsWith("file:"));
        assertTrue(urls[2].toExternalForm().indexOf("test%20file.txt") >= 0);
    }

//    public void testToURLs2() throws Exception {
//        File[] files = new File[] {
//            new File(getTestDirectory(), "file1.txt"),
//            null,
//        };
//        URL[] urls = FileUtils.toURLs(files);
//
//        assertEquals(files.length, urls.length);
//        assertTrue(urls[0].toExternalForm().startsWith("file:"));
//        assertTrue(urls[0].toExternalForm().indexOf("file1.txt") > 0);
//        assertEquals(null, urls[1]);
//    }
//
//    public void testToURLs3() throws Exception {
//        File[] files = null;
//        URL[] urls = FileUtils.toURLs(files);
//
//        assertEquals(0, urls.length);
//    }

    public void testToURLs3a() throws Exception {
        final File[] files = new File[0]; // empty array
        final URL[] urls = FileUtils.toURLs(files);

        assertEquals(0, urls.length);
    }

    // contentEquals

    public void testContentEquals() throws Exception {
        // Non-existent files
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName());
        final File file2 = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName() + "2");
        // both don't  exist
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(file, file));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(file, file2));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(file2, file2));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(file2, file));

        // Directories
        try {
            FileUtils.contentEquals(getTestDirectory(), getTestDirectory());
            fail("Comparing directories should fail with an IOException");
        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
            //expected
        }

        // Different files
        final File objFile1 =
            new File(getTestDirectory(), getName() + ".object");
        objFile1.deleteOnExit();
        FileUtils.copyURLToFile(
            getClass().getResource("/java/lang/Object.class"),
            objFile1);

        final File objFile1b =
            new File(getTestDirectory(), getName() + ".object2");
        objFile1.deleteOnExit();
        FileUtils.copyURLToFile(
            getClass().getResource("/java/lang/Object.class"),
            objFile1b);

        final File objFile2 =
            new File(getTestDirectory(), getName() + ".collection");
        objFile2.deleteOnExit();
        FileUtils.copyURLToFile(
            getClass().getResource("/java/util/Collection.class"),
            objFile2);

        assertFalse(FileUtils.contentEquals(objFile1, objFile2));
        assertFalse(FileUtils.contentEquals(objFile1b, objFile2));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(objFile1, objFile1b));

        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(objFile1, objFile1));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(objFile1b, objFile1b));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(objFile2, objFile2));

        // Equal files
        file.createNewFile();
        file2.createNewFile();
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(file, file));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(file, file2));
    }

    public void testContentEqualsIgnoreEOL() throws Exception {
        // Non-existent files
        final File file1 = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName());
        final File file2 = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName() + "2");
        // both don't  exist
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(file1, file1, null));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(file1, file2, null));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(file2, file2, null));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(file2, file1, null));

        // Directories
        try {
            FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(getTestDirectory(), getTestDirectory(), null);
            fail("Comparing directories should fail with an IOException");
        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
            //expected
        }

        // Different files
        final File tfile1 = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName() + ".txt1");
        tfile1.deleteOnExit();
        FileUtils.write(tfile1,"123\r");

        final File tfile2 = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName() + ".txt2");
        tfile1.deleteOnExit();
        FileUtils.write(tfile2,"123\n");

        final File tfile3 = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName() + ".collection");
        tfile3.deleteOnExit();
        FileUtils.write(tfile3,"123\r\n2");

        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(tfile1, tfile1, null));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(tfile2, tfile2, null));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(tfile3, tfile3, null));

        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(tfile1, tfile2, null));
        assertFalse(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(tfile1, tfile3, null));
        assertFalse(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(tfile2, tfile3, null));

        final URL urlCR = getClass().getResource("FileUtilsTestDataCR.dat");
        assertNotNull(urlCR);
        final File cr = new File(urlCR.getPath());
        assertTrue(cr.exists());

        final URL urlCRLF = getClass().getResource("FileUtilsTestDataCRLF.dat");
        assertNotNull(urlCRLF);
        final File crlf = new File(urlCRLF.getPath());
        assertTrue(crlf.exists());

        final URL urlLF = getClass().getResource("FileUtilsTestDataLF.dat");
        assertNotNull(urlLF);
        final File lf = new File(urlLF.getPath());
        assertTrue(lf.exists());

        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(cr, cr, null));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(crlf, crlf, null));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(lf, lf, null));

        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(cr, crlf, null));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(cr, lf, null));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(crlf, lf, null));

        // Check the files behave OK when EOL is not ignored
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(cr, cr));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(crlf, crlf));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEquals(lf, lf));

        assertFalse(FileUtils.contentEquals(cr, crlf));
        assertFalse(FileUtils.contentEquals(cr, lf));
        assertFalse(FileUtils.contentEquals(crlf, lf));

        // Equal files
        file1.createNewFile();
        file2.createNewFile();
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(file1, file1, null));
        assertTrue(FileUtils.contentEqualsIgnoreEOL(file1, file2, null));
    }

    // copyURLToFile

    public void testCopyURLToFile() throws Exception {
        // Creates file
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName());
        file.deleteOnExit();

        // Loads resource
        final String resourceName = "/java/lang/Object.class";
        FileUtils.copyURLToFile(getClass().getResource(resourceName), file);

        // Tests that resuorce was copied correctly
        final FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
        try {
            assertTrue(
                "Content is not equal.",
                IOUtils.contentEquals(
                    getClass().getResourceAsStream(resourceName),
                    fis));
        } finally {
            fis.close();
        }
        //TODO Maybe test copy to itself like for copyFile()
    }

    public void testCopyURLToFileWithTimeout() throws Exception {
        // Creates file
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testCopyURLToFileWithTimeout");
        file.deleteOnExit();

        // Loads resource
        final String resourceName = "/java/lang/Object.class";
        FileUtils.copyURLToFile(getClass().getResource(resourceName), file, 500, 500);

        // Tests that resuorce was copied correctly
        final FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
        try {
            assertTrue(
                "Content is not equal.",
                IOUtils.contentEquals(
                    getClass().getResourceAsStream(resourceName),
                    fis));
        } finally {
            fis.close();
        }
        //TODO Maybe test copy to itself like for copyFile()
    }

    // forceMkdir

    public void testForceMkdir() throws Exception {
        // Tests with existing directory
        FileUtils.forceMkdir(getTestDirectory());

        // Creates test file
        final File testFile = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName());
        testFile.deleteOnExit();
        testFile.createNewFile();
        assertTrue("Test file does not exist.", testFile.exists());

        // Tests with existing file
        try {
            FileUtils.forceMkdir(testFile);
            fail("Exception expected.");
        } catch (final IOException ex) {}

        testFile.delete();

        // Tests with non-existent directory
        FileUtils.forceMkdir(testFile);
        assertTrue("Directory was not created.", testFile.exists());
    }

    public void testForceMkdirParent() throws Exception {
        // Tests with existing directory
        assertTrue(getTestDirectory().exists());
        final File testParentDir = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testForceMkdirParent");
        try {
            testParentDir.delete();
            assertFalse(testParentDir.exists());
            final File testFile = new File(testParentDir, "test.txt");
            assertFalse(testParentDir.exists());
            assertFalse(testFile.exists());
            // Create
            FileUtils.forceMkdirParent(testFile);
            assertTrue(testParentDir.exists());
            assertFalse(testFile.exists());
            // Again
            FileUtils.forceMkdirParent(testFile);
            assertTrue(testParentDir.exists());
            assertFalse(testFile.exists());
        } finally {
            testParentDir.delete();
        }
    }

    // sizeOfDirectory

    public void testSizeOfDirectory() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName());

        // Non-existent file
        try {
            FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(file);
            fail("Exception expected.");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {}

        // Creates file
        file.createNewFile();
        file.deleteOnExit();

        // Existing file
        try {
            FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(file);
            fail("Exception expected.");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {}

        // Existing directory
        file.delete();
        file.mkdir();

        // Create a cyclic symlink
        this.createCircularSymLink(file);

        assertEquals(
            "Unexpected directory size",
            TEST_DIRECTORY_SIZE,
            FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(file));
    }

    private void createCircularSymLink(final File file) throws IOException {
        if(!FilenameUtils.isSystemWindows()) {
            Runtime.getRuntime()
                .exec("ln -s " + file + "/.. " + file + "/cycle");
        } else {
            try {
                Runtime.getRuntime()
                    .exec("mklink /D " + file + "/cycle" + file + "/.. ");
            } catch(final IOException ioe) { // So that tests run in FAT filesystems
              //don't fail
            }
        }
    }

    public void testSizeOfDirectoryAsBigInteger() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName());

        // Non-existent file
        try {
            FileUtils.sizeOfDirectoryAsBigInteger(file);
            fail("Exception expected.");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {
        }

        // Creates file
        file.createNewFile();
        file.deleteOnExit();

        // Existing file
        try {
            FileUtils.sizeOfDirectoryAsBigInteger(file);
            fail("Exception expected.");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {
        }

        // Existing directory
        file.delete();
        file.mkdir();

        this.createCircularSymLink(file);

        assertEquals("Unexpected directory size", TEST_DIRECTORY_SIZE_BI, FileUtils.sizeOfDirectoryAsBigInteger(file));

        // Existing directory which size is greater than zero
        file.delete();
        file.mkdir();

        final File nonEmptyFile = new File(file, "nonEmptyFile" + System.nanoTime());
        this.createFile(nonEmptyFile, TEST_DIRECTORY_SIZE_GT_ZERO_BI.longValue());
        nonEmptyFile.deleteOnExit();

        assertEquals("Unexpected directory size", TEST_DIRECTORY_SIZE_GT_ZERO_BI,
                FileUtils.sizeOfDirectoryAsBigInteger(file));

        nonEmptyFile.delete();
        file.delete();
    }

    // Compare sizes of a directory tree using long and BigInteger methods
    public void testCompareSizeOf() {
        final File start = new File("src/test/java");
        final long sizeLong1 = FileUtils.sizeOf(start);
        final BigInteger sizeBig = FileUtils.sizeOfAsBigInteger(start);
        final long sizeLong2 = FileUtils.sizeOf(start);
        assertEquals("Size should not change",sizeLong1, sizeLong2);
        assertEquals("longSize should equal BigSize",sizeLong1, sizeBig.longValue());
    }

    /**
     * Tests the {@link FileUtils#sizeOf(File)} method.
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void testSizeOf() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName());

        // Null argument
        try {
            FileUtils.sizeOf(null);
            fail("Exception expected.");
        } catch (final NullPointerException ex) {}

        // Non-existent file
        try {
            FileUtils.sizeOf(file);
            fail("Exception expected.");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {}

        // Creates file
        file.createNewFile();
        file.deleteOnExit();

        // New file
        assertEquals(0, FileUtils.sizeOf(file));
        file.delete();

        // Existing file
        assertEquals("Unexpected files size",
            testFile1Size,
            FileUtils.sizeOf(testFile1));

        // Existing directory
        assertEquals("Unexpected directory size",
            TEST_DIRECTORY_SIZE,
            FileUtils.sizeOf(getTestDirectory()));
    }

    /**
     * Tests the {@link FileUtils#sizeOf(File)} method.
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void testSizeOfAsBigInteger() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), getName());

        // Null argument
        try {
            FileUtils.sizeOfAsBigInteger(null);
            fail("Exception expected.");
        } catch (final NullPointerException ex) {}

        // Non-existent file
        try {
            FileUtils.sizeOfAsBigInteger(file);
            fail("Exception expected.");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {}

        // Creates file
        file.createNewFile();
        file.deleteOnExit();

        // New file
        assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO, FileUtils.sizeOfAsBigInteger(file));
        file.delete();

        // Existing file
        assertEquals("Unexpected files size",
            BigInteger.valueOf(testFile1Size),
            FileUtils.sizeOfAsBigInteger(testFile1));

        // Existing directory
        assertEquals("Unexpected directory size",
            TEST_DIRECTORY_SIZE_BI,
            FileUtils.sizeOfAsBigInteger(getTestDirectory()));
    }

    // isFileNewer / isFileOlder
    public void testIsFileNewerOlder() throws Exception {
        final File reference   = new File(getTestDirectory(), "FileUtils-reference.txt");
        final File oldFile     = new File(getTestDirectory(), "FileUtils-old.txt");
        final File newFile     = new File(getTestDirectory(), "FileUtils-new.txt");
        final File invalidFile = new File(getTestDirectory(), "FileUtils-invalid-file.txt");

        // Create Files
        createFile(oldFile, 0);

        do {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch(final InterruptedException ie) {
                // ignore
            }
            createFile(reference, 0);
        } while( oldFile.lastModified() == reference.lastModified() );

        final Date date = new Date();
        final long now = date.getTime();

        do {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch(final InterruptedException ie) {
                // ignore
            }
            createFile(newFile, 0);
        } while( reference.lastModified() == newFile.lastModified() );

        // Test isFileNewer()
        assertFalse("Old File - Newer - File", FileUtils.isFileNewer(oldFile, reference));
        assertFalse("Old File - Newer - Date", FileUtils.isFileNewer(oldFile, date));
        assertFalse("Old File - Newer - Mili", FileUtils.isFileNewer(oldFile, now));
        assertTrue("New File - Newer - File", FileUtils.isFileNewer(newFile, reference));
        assertTrue("New File - Newer - Date", FileUtils.isFileNewer(newFile, date));
        assertTrue("New File - Newer - Mili", FileUtils.isFileNewer(newFile, now));
        assertFalse("Invalid - Newer - File", FileUtils.isFileNewer(invalidFile, reference));
        final String invalidFileName = invalidFile.getName();
        try {
            FileUtils.isFileNewer(newFile, invalidFile);
            fail("Should have cause IllegalArgumentException");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException iae){
            final String message = iae.getMessage();
            assertTrue("Message should contain: "+invalidFileName+ " but was: "+message,message.contains(invalidFileName));
        }

        // Test isFileOlder()
        assertTrue("Old File - Older - File", FileUtils.isFileOlder(oldFile, reference));
        assertTrue("Old File - Older - Date", FileUtils.isFileOlder(oldFile, date));
        assertTrue("Old File - Older - Mili", FileUtils.isFileOlder(oldFile, now));
        assertFalse("New File - Older - File", FileUtils.isFileOlder(newFile, reference));
        assertFalse("New File - Older - Date", FileUtils.isFileOlder(newFile, date));
        assertFalse("New File - Older - Mili", FileUtils.isFileOlder(newFile, now));
        assertFalse("Invalid - Older - File", FileUtils.isFileOlder(invalidFile, reference));
        try {
            FileUtils.isFileOlder(newFile, invalidFile);
            fail("Should have cause IllegalArgumentException");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException iae){
            final String message = iae.getMessage();
            assertTrue("Message should contain: "+invalidFileName+ " but was: "+message,message.contains(invalidFileName));
        }


        // ----- Test isFileNewer() exceptions -----
        // Null File
        try {
            FileUtils.isFileNewer(null, now);
            fail("Newer Null, expected IllegalArgumentExcepion");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException expected) {
            // expected result
        }

        // Null reference File
        try {
            FileUtils.isFileNewer(oldFile, (File)null);
            fail("Newer Null reference, expected IllegalArgumentExcepion");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException expected) {
            // expected result
        }

        // Invalid reference File
        try {
            FileUtils.isFileNewer(oldFile, invalidFile);
            fail("Newer invalid reference, expected IllegalArgumentExcepion");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException expected) {
            // expected result
        }

        // Null reference Date
        try {
            FileUtils.isFileNewer(oldFile, (Date)null);
            fail("Newer Null date, expected IllegalArgumentExcepion");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException expected) {
            // expected result
        }


        // ----- Test isFileOlder() exceptions -----
        // Null File
        try {
            FileUtils.isFileOlder(null, now);
            fail("Older Null, expected IllegalArgumentExcepion");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException expected) {
            // expected result
        }

        // Null reference File
        try {
            FileUtils.isFileOlder(oldFile, (File)null);
            fail("Older Null reference, expected IllegalArgumentExcepion");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException expected) {
            // expected result
        }

        // Invalid reference File
        try {
            FileUtils.isFileOlder(oldFile, invalidFile);
            fail("Older invalid reference, expected IllegalArgumentExcepion");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException expected) {
            // expected result
        }

        // Null reference Date
        try {
            FileUtils.isFileOlder(oldFile, (Date)null);
            fail("Older Null date, expected IllegalArgumentExcepion");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException expected) {
            // expected result
        }

    }

//    // TODO Remove after debugging
//    private void log(Object obj) {
//        System.out.println(
//            FileUtilsTestCase.class +" " + getName() + " " + obj);
//    }

    // copyFile

    public void testCopyFile1() throws Exception {
        final File destination = new File(getTestDirectory(), "copy1.txt");

        //Thread.sleep(LAST_MODIFIED_DELAY);
        //This is to slow things down so we can catch if
        //the lastModified date is not ok

        FileUtils.copyFile(testFile1, destination);
        assertTrue("Check Exist", destination.exists());
        assertEquals("Check Full copy", testFile1Size, destination.length());
        /* disabled: Thread.sleep doesn't work reliantly for this case
        assertTrue("Check last modified date preserved",
            testFile1.lastModified() == destination.lastModified());*/
    }

    public void testCopyFileToOutputStream() throws Exception {
        final ByteArrayOutputStream destination = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        FileUtils.copyFile(testFile1, destination);
        assertEquals("Check Full copy size", testFile1Size, destination.size());
        final byte[] expected = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(testFile1);
        Assert.assertArrayEquals("Check Full copy", expected, destination.toByteArray());
    }

    public void IGNOREtestCopyFileLarge() throws Exception {

        final File largeFile = new File(getTestDirectory(), "large.txt");
        final File destination = new File(getTestDirectory(), "copylarge.txt");

        System.out.println("START:   " + new java.util.Date());
        createFile(largeFile, FileUtils.ONE_GB);
        System.out.println("CREATED: " + new java.util.Date());
        FileUtils.copyFile(largeFile, destination);
        System.out.println("COPIED:  " + new java.util.Date());

        assertTrue("Check Exist", destination.exists());
        assertEquals("Check Full copy", largeFile.length(), destination.length());
    }

    public void testCopyFile2() throws Exception {
        final File destination = new File(getTestDirectory(), "copy2.txt");

        //Thread.sleep(LAST_MODIFIED_DELAY);
        //This is to slow things down so we can catch if
        //the lastModified date is not ok

        FileUtils.copyFile(testFile1, destination);
        assertTrue("Check Exist", destination.exists());
        assertEquals("Check Full copy", testFile2Size, destination.length());
        /* disabled: Thread.sleep doesn't work reliably for this case
        assertTrue("Check last modified date preserved",
            testFile1.lastModified() == destination.lastModified());*/
    }

    public void testCopyToSelf() throws Exception {
        final File destination = new File(getTestDirectory(), "copy3.txt");
        //Prepare a test file
        FileUtils.copyFile(testFile1, destination);

        try {
            FileUtils.copyFile(destination, destination);
            fail("file copy to self should not be possible");
        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
            //we want the exception, copy to self should be illegal
        }
    }

    public void testCopyFile2WithoutFileDatePreservation() throws Exception {
        final File destination = new File(getTestDirectory(), "copy2.txt");

        //Thread.sleep(LAST_MODIFIED_DELAY);
        //This is to slow things down so we can catch if
        //the lastModified date is not ok

        FileUtils.copyFile(testFile1, destination, false);
        assertTrue("Check Exist", destination.exists());
        assertEquals("Check Full copy", testFile2Size, destination.length());
        /* disabled: Thread.sleep doesn't work reliantly for this case
        assertTrue("Check last modified date modified",
            testFile1.lastModified() != destination.lastModified());*/
    }

    public void testCopyDirectoryToDirectory_NonExistingDest() throws Exception {
        createFile(testFile1, 1234);
        createFile(testFile2, 4321);
        final File srcDir = getTestDirectory();
        final File subDir = new File(srcDir, "sub");
        subDir.mkdir();
        final File subFile = new File(subDir, "A.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(subFile, "HELLO WORLD", "UTF8");
        final File destDir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"), "tmp-FileUtilsTestCase");
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(destDir);
        final File actualDestDir = new File(destDir, srcDir.getName());

        FileUtils.copyDirectoryToDirectory(srcDir, destDir);

        assertTrue("Check exists", destDir.exists());
        assertTrue("Check exists", actualDestDir.exists());
        final long srcSize = FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(srcDir);
        assertTrue("Size > 0", srcSize > 0);
        assertEquals("Check size", srcSize, FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(actualDestDir));
        assertTrue(new File(actualDestDir, "sub/A.txt").exists());
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(destDir);
    }

    public void testCopyDirectoryToNonExistingDest() throws Exception {
        createFile(testFile1, 1234);
        createFile(testFile2, 4321);
        final File srcDir = getTestDirectory();
        final File subDir = new File(srcDir, "sub");
        subDir.mkdir();
        final File subFile = new File(subDir, "A.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(subFile, "HELLO WORLD", "UTF8");
        final File destDir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"), "tmp-FileUtilsTestCase");
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(destDir);

        FileUtils.copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir);

        assertTrue("Check exists", destDir.exists());
        final long sizeOfSrcDirectory = FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(srcDir);
        assertTrue("Size > 0",sizeOfSrcDirectory > 0);
        assertEquals("Check size", sizeOfSrcDirectory, FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(destDir));
        assertTrue(new File(destDir, "sub/A.txt").exists());
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(destDir);
    }

    public void testCopyDirectoryToExistingDest() throws Exception {
        createFile(testFile1, 1234);
        createFile(testFile2, 4321);
        final File srcDir = getTestDirectory();
        final File subDir = new File(srcDir, "sub");
        subDir.mkdir();
        final File subFile = new File(subDir, "A.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(subFile, "HELLO WORLD", "UTF8");
        final File destDir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"), "tmp-FileUtilsTestCase");
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(destDir);
        destDir.mkdirs();

        FileUtils.copyDirectory(srcDir, destDir);

        final long srcSize = FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(srcDir);
        assertTrue("Size > 0",srcSize > 0);
        assertEquals(srcSize, FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(destDir));
        assertTrue(new File(destDir, "sub/A.txt").exists());
    }

    public void testCopyDirectoryFiltered() throws Exception {
        final File grandParentDir = new File(getTestDirectory(), "grandparent");
        final File parentDir      = new File(grandParentDir, "parent");
        final File childDir       = new File(parentDir, "child");
        createFilesForTestCopyDirectory(grandParentDir, parentDir, childDir);

        final NameFileFilter filter = new NameFileFilter(new String[] {"parent", "child", "file3.txt"});
        final File destDir       = new File(getTestDirectory(), "copydest");

        FileUtils.copyDirectory(grandParentDir, destDir, filter);
        final List<File> files  = LIST_WALKER.list(destDir);
        assertEquals(3, files.size());
        assertEquals("parent", files.get(0).getName());
        assertEquals("child", files.get(1).getName());
        assertEquals("file3.txt", files.get(2).getName());
   }

    public void testCopyDirectoryPreserveDates() throws Exception {
        final File source = new File(getTestDirectory(), "source");
        final File sourceDirectory = new File(source, "directory");
        final File sourceFile = new File(sourceDirectory, "hello.txt");

        // Prepare source data
        source.mkdirs();
        sourceDirectory.mkdir();
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(sourceFile, "HELLO WORLD", "UTF8");
        // Set dates in reverse order to avoid overwriting previous values
        // Also, use full seconds (arguments are in ms) close to today
        // but still highly unlikely to occur in the real world
        sourceFile.setLastModified(1000000002000L);
        sourceDirectory.setLastModified(1000000001000L);
        source.setLastModified(1000000000000L);

        final File target = new File(getTestDirectory(), "target");
        final File targetDirectory = new File(target, "directory");
        final File targetFile = new File(targetDirectory, "hello.txt");

        // Test with preserveFileDate disabled
        FileUtils.copyDirectory(source, target, false);
        assertTrue(1000000000000L != target.lastModified());
        assertTrue(1000000001000L != targetDirectory.lastModified());
        assertTrue(1000000002000L != targetFile.lastModified());
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(target);

        // Test with preserveFileDate enabled
        FileUtils.copyDirectory(source, target, true);
        assertEquals(1000000000000L, target.lastModified());
        assertEquals(1000000001000L, targetDirectory.lastModified());
        assertEquals(1000000002000L, targetFile.lastModified());
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(target);

        // also if the target directory already exists (IO-190)
        target.mkdirs();
        FileUtils.copyDirectory(source, target, true);
        assertEquals(1000000000000L, target.lastModified());
        assertEquals(1000000001000L, targetDirectory.lastModified());
        assertEquals(1000000002000L, targetFile.lastModified());
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(target);

        // also if the target subdirectory already exists (IO-190)
        targetDirectory.mkdirs();
        FileUtils.copyDirectory(source, target, true);
        assertEquals(1000000000000L, target.lastModified());
        assertEquals(1000000001000L, targetDirectory.lastModified());
        assertEquals(1000000002000L, targetFile.lastModified());
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(target);
    }

    /** Test for IO-141 */
    public void testCopyDirectoryToChild() throws Exception {
        final File grandParentDir = new File(getTestDirectory(), "grandparent");
        final File parentDir      = new File(grandParentDir, "parent");
        final File childDir       = new File(parentDir, "child");
        createFilesForTestCopyDirectory(grandParentDir, parentDir, childDir);

        final long expectedCount = LIST_WALKER.list(grandParentDir).size() +
                             LIST_WALKER.list(parentDir).size();
        final long expectedSize =  FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(grandParentDir) +
                             FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(parentDir);
        FileUtils.copyDirectory(parentDir, childDir);
        assertEquals(expectedCount, LIST_WALKER.list(grandParentDir).size());
        assertEquals(expectedSize, FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(grandParentDir));
        assertTrue("Count > 0", expectedCount > 0);
        assertTrue("Size > 0", expectedSize > 0);
    }

    /** Test for IO-141 */
    public void testCopyDirectoryToGrandChild() throws Exception {
        final File grandParentDir = new File(getTestDirectory(), "grandparent");
        final File parentDir      = new File(grandParentDir, "parent");
        final File childDir       = new File(parentDir, "child");
        createFilesForTestCopyDirectory(grandParentDir, parentDir, childDir);

        final long expectedCount = LIST_WALKER.list(grandParentDir).size() * 2;
        final long expectedSize =  FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(grandParentDir) * 2;
        FileUtils.copyDirectory(grandParentDir, childDir);
        assertEquals(expectedCount, LIST_WALKER.list(grandParentDir).size());
        assertEquals(expectedSize, FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory(grandParentDir));
        assertTrue("Size > 0",expectedSize > 0);
    }

    /** Test for IO-217 FileUtils.copyDirectoryToDirectory makes infinite loops */
    public void testCopyDirectoryToItself() throws Exception {
        final File dir = new File(getTestDirectory(), "itself");
        dir.mkdirs();
        FileUtils.copyDirectoryToDirectory(dir, dir);
        assertEquals(1, LIST_WALKER.list(dir).size());
    }

    private void createFilesForTestCopyDirectory(final File grandParentDir, final File parentDir, final File childDir) throws Exception {
        final File childDir2 = new File(parentDir, "child2");
        final File grandChildDir = new File(childDir, "grandChild");
        final File grandChild2Dir = new File(childDir2, "grandChild2");
        final File file1 = new File(grandParentDir, "file1.txt");
        final File file2 = new File(parentDir, "file2.txt");
        final File file3 = new File(childDir, "file3.txt");
        final File file4 = new File(childDir2, "file4.txt");
        final File file5 = new File(grandChildDir, "file5.txt");
        final File file6 = new File(grandChild2Dir, "file6.txt");
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(grandParentDir);
        grandChildDir.mkdirs();
        grandChild2Dir.mkdirs();
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file1, "File 1 in grandparent", "UTF8");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file2, "File 2 in parent", "UTF8");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file3, "File 3 in child", "UTF8");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file4, "File 4 in child2", "UTF8");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file5, "File 5 in grandChild", "UTF8");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file6, "File 6 in grandChild2", "UTF8");
    }

    public void testCopyDirectoryErrors() throws Exception {
        try {
            FileUtils.copyDirectory(null, null);
            fail();
        } catch (final NullPointerException ex) {}
        try {
            FileUtils.copyDirectory(new File("a"), null);
            fail();
        } catch (final NullPointerException ex) {}
        try {
            FileUtils.copyDirectory(null, new File("a"));
            fail();
        } catch (final NullPointerException ex) {}
        try {
            FileUtils.copyDirectory(new File("doesnt-exist"), new File("a"));
            fail();
        } catch (final IOException ex) {}
        try {
            FileUtils.copyDirectory(testFile1, new File("a"));
            fail();
        } catch (final IOException ex) {}
        try {
            FileUtils.copyDirectory(getTestDirectory(), testFile1);
            fail();
        } catch (final IOException ex) {}
        try {
            FileUtils.copyDirectory(getTestDirectory(), getTestDirectory());
            fail();
        } catch (final IOException ex) {}
    }

    // forceDelete

    public void testForceDeleteAFile1() throws Exception {
        final File destination = new File(getTestDirectory(), "copy1.txt");
        destination.createNewFile();
        assertTrue("Copy1.txt doesn't exist to delete", destination.exists());
        FileUtils.forceDelete(destination);
        assertTrue("Check No Exist", !destination.exists());
    }

    public void testForceDeleteAFile2() throws Exception {
        final File destination = new File(getTestDirectory(), "copy2.txt");
        destination.createNewFile();
        assertTrue("Copy2.txt doesn't exist to delete", destination.exists());
        FileUtils.forceDelete(destination);
        assertTrue("Check No Exist", !destination.exists());
    }

    public void testForceDeleteAFile3() throws Exception {
        final File destination = new File(getTestDirectory(), "no_such_file");
        assertTrue("Check No Exist", !destination.exists());
        try {
            FileUtils.forceDelete(destination);
            fail("Should generate FileNotFoundException");
        } catch (final FileNotFoundException ignored){
        }
    }

    // copyFileToDirectory

    public void testCopyFile1ToDir() throws Exception {
        final File directory = new File(getTestDirectory(), "subdir");
        if (!directory.exists()) {
            directory.mkdirs();
        }
        final File destination = new File(directory, testFile1.getName());

        //Thread.sleep(LAST_MODIFIED_DELAY);
        //This is to slow things down so we can catch if
        //the lastModified date is not ok

        FileUtils.copyFileToDirectory(testFile1, directory);
        assertTrue("Check Exist", destination.exists());
        assertEquals("Check Full copy", testFile1Size, destination.length());
        /* disabled: Thread.sleep doesn't work reliantly for this case
        assertTrue("Check last modified date preserved",
            testFile1.lastModified() == destination.lastModified());*/

        try {
            FileUtils.copyFileToDirectory(destination, directory);
            fail("Should not be able to copy a file into the same directory as itself");
        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
            //we want that, cannot copy to the same directory as the original file
        }
    }

    public void testCopyFile2ToDir() throws Exception {
        final File directory = new File(getTestDirectory(), "subdir");
        if (!directory.exists()) {
            directory.mkdirs();
        }
        final File destination = new File(directory, testFile1.getName());

        //Thread.sleep(LAST_MODIFIED_DELAY);
        //This is to slow things down so we can catch if
        //the lastModified date is not ok

        FileUtils.copyFileToDirectory(testFile1, directory);
        assertTrue("Check Exist", destination.exists());
        assertEquals("Check Full copy", testFile2Size, destination.length());
        /* disabled: Thread.sleep doesn't work reliantly for this case
        assertTrue("Check last modified date preserved",
            testFile1.lastModified() == destination.lastModified());*/
    }

    // forceDelete

    public void testForceDeleteDir() throws Exception {
        final File testDirectory = getTestDirectory();
        FileUtils.forceDelete(testDirectory.getParentFile());
        assertTrue(
            "Check No Exist",
            !testDirectory.getParentFile().exists());
    }

    /**
     *  Test the FileUtils implementation.
     */
    public void testFileUtils() throws Exception {
        // Loads file from classpath
        final File file1 = new File(getTestDirectory(), "test.txt");
        final String filename = file1.getAbsolutePath();

        //Create test file on-the-fly (used to be in CVS)
        final OutputStream out = new java.io.FileOutputStream(file1);
        try {
            out.write("This is a test".getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } finally {
            out.close();
        }

        final File file2 = new File(getTestDirectory(), "test2.txt");

        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file2, filename, "UTF-8");
        assertTrue(file2.exists());
        assertTrue(file2.length() > 0);

        final String file2contents = FileUtils.readFileToString(file2, "UTF-8");
        assertTrue(
            "Second file's contents correct",
            filename.equals(file2contents));

        assertTrue(file2.delete());

        final String contents = FileUtils.readFileToString(new File(filename), "UTF-8");
        assertEquals("FileUtils.fileRead()", "This is a test", contents);

    }

    public void testTouch() throws IOException {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "touch.txt") ;
        if (file.exists()) {
            file.delete();
        }
        assertTrue("Bad test: test file still exists", !file.exists());
        FileUtils.touch(file);
        assertTrue("FileUtils.touch() created file", file.exists());
        final FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file) ;
        assertEquals("Created empty file.", 0, file.length());
        out.write(0) ;
        out.close();
        assertEquals("Wrote one byte to file", 1, file.length());
        final long y2k = new GregorianCalendar(2000, 0, 1).getTime().getTime();
        final boolean res = file.setLastModified(y2k);  // 0L fails on Win98
        assertEquals("Bad test: set lastModified failed", true, res);
        assertEquals("Bad test: set lastModified set incorrect value", y2k, file.lastModified());
        final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
        FileUtils.touch(file) ;
        assertEquals("FileUtils.touch() didn't empty the file.", 1, file.length());
        assertEquals("FileUtils.touch() changed lastModified", false, y2k == file.lastModified());
        assertEquals("FileUtils.touch() changed lastModified to more than now-3s", true, file.lastModified() >= now - 3000);
        assertEquals("FileUtils.touch() changed lastModified to less than now+3s", true, file.lastModified() <= now + 3000);
    }

    public void testListFiles() throws Exception {
        final File srcDir = getTestDirectory();
        final File subDir = new File(srcDir, "list_test" );
        subDir.mkdir();

        final File subDir2 = new File(subDir, "subdir" );
        subDir2.mkdir();

        final String[] fileNames = {"a.txt", "b.txt", "c.txt", "d.txt", "e.txt", "f.txt"};
        final int[] fileSizes = {123, 234, 345, 456, 678, 789};

        for (int i = 0; i < fileNames.length; ++i) {
            final File theFile = new File(subDir, fileNames[i]);
            createFile(theFile, fileSizes[i]);
        }

        final Collection<File> files = FileUtils.listFiles(subDir,
                                               new WildcardFileFilter("*.*"),
                                               new WildcardFileFilter("*"));

        final int count = files.size();
        final Object[] fileObjs = files.toArray();

        assertEquals(fileNames.length, files.size());

        final Map<String, String> foundFileNames = new HashMap<String, String>();

        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
            boolean found = false;
            for(int j = 0; !found && j < fileNames.length; ++j) {
                if ( fileNames[j].equals(((File) fileObjs[i]).getName())) {
                    foundFileNames.put(fileNames[j], fileNames[j]);
                    found = true;
                }
            }
        }

        assertEquals(foundFileNames.size(), fileNames.length);

        subDir.delete();
    }

    public void testListFilesWithDirs() throws IOException {
        final File srcDir = getTestDirectory();

        final File subDir1 = new File(srcDir, "subdir");
        subDir1.mkdir();

        final File subDir2 = new File(subDir1, "subdir2");
        subDir2.mkdir();

        final File someFile = new File(subDir2, "a.txt");
        createFile(someFile, 100);

        final File subDir3 = new File(subDir2, "subdir3");
        subDir3.mkdir();

        final Collection<File> files = FileUtils.listFilesAndDirs(subDir1,
                            new WildcardFileFilter("*.*"), new WildcardFileFilter("*"));

        assertEquals(4, files.size());
        assertTrue("Should contain the directory.", files.contains(subDir1));
        assertTrue("Should contain the directory.", files.contains(subDir2));
        assertTrue("Should contain the file.", files.contains(someFile));
        assertTrue("Should contain the directory.", files.contains(subDir3));

        subDir1.delete();
    }

    public void testIterateFiles() throws Exception {
        final File srcDir = getTestDirectory();
        final File subDir = new File(srcDir, "list_test" );
        subDir.mkdir();

        final String[] fileNames = {"a.txt", "b.txt", "c.txt", "d.txt", "e.txt", "f.txt"};
        final int[] fileSizes = {123, 234, 345, 456, 678, 789};

        for (int i = 0; i < fileNames.length; ++i) {
            final File theFile = new File(subDir, fileNames[i]);
            createFile(theFile, fileSizes[i]);
        }

        final Iterator<File> files = FileUtils.iterateFiles(subDir,
                                                new WildcardFileFilter("*.*"),
                                                new WildcardFileFilter("*"));

        final Map<String, String> foundFileNames = new HashMap<String, String>();

        while (files.hasNext()) {
            boolean found = false;
            final String fileName = files.next().getName();

            for (int j = 0; !found && j < fileNames.length; ++j) {
                if ( fileNames[j].equals(fileName)) {
                    foundFileNames.put(fileNames[j], fileNames[j]);
                    found = true;
                }
            }
        }

        assertEquals(foundFileNames.size(), fileNames.length);

        subDir.delete();
    }

    public void testIterateFilesAndDirs() throws IOException {
        final File srcDir = getTestDirectory();

        final File subDir1 = new File(srcDir, "subdir");
        subDir1.mkdir();

        final File subDir2 = new File(subDir1, "subdir2");
        subDir2.mkdir();

        final File someFile = new File(subDir2, "a.txt");
        createFile(someFile, 100);

        final File subDir3 = new File(subDir2, "subdir3");
        subDir3.mkdir();

        final Collection<File> filesAndDirs = Arrays.asList(subDir1, subDir2, someFile, subDir3);

        int filesCount = 0;
        final Iterator<File> files = FileUtils.iterateFilesAndDirs(subDir1,
                                                new WildcardFileFilter("*.*"),
                                                new WildcardFileFilter("*"));
        while (files.hasNext()) {
            filesCount++;
            final File file = files.next();
            assertTrue("Should contain the directory/file", filesAndDirs.contains(file));
        }

        assertEquals(filesCount, filesAndDirs.size());
    }

    public void testReadFileToStringWithDefaultEncoding() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "read.obj");
        final FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
        final byte[] text = "Hello /u1234".getBytes();
        out.write(text);
        out.close();

        final String data = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals("Hello /u1234", data);
    }

    public void testReadFileToStringWithEncoding() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "read.obj");
        final FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
        final byte[] text = "Hello /u1234".getBytes("UTF8");
        out.write(text);
        out.close();

        final String data = FileUtils.readFileToString(file, "UTF8");
        assertEquals("Hello /u1234", data);
    }

    public void testReadFileToByteArray() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "read.txt");
        final FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
        out.write(11);
        out.write(21);
        out.write(31);
        out.close();

        final byte[] data = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file);
        assertEquals(3, data.length);
        assertEquals(11, data[0]);
        assertEquals(21, data[1]);
        assertEquals(31, data[2]);
    }

    public void testReadLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        try {
            final String[] data = new String[] {"hello", "/u1234", "", "this is", "some text"};
            createLineBasedFile(file, data);

            final List<String> lines = FileUtils.readLines(file, "UTF-8");
            assertEquals(Arrays.asList(data), lines);
        } finally {
            deleteFile(file);
        }
    }

    public void testWriteStringToFile1() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "write.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "Hello /u1234", "UTF8");
        final byte[] text = "Hello /u1234".getBytes("UTF8");
        assertEqualContent(text, file);
    }

    public void testWriteStringToFile2() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "write.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "Hello /u1234", (String)null);
        final byte[] text = "Hello /u1234".getBytes();
        assertEqualContent(text, file);
    }

    public void testWriteStringToFile3() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "write.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "Hello /u1234", (Charset)null);
        final byte[] text = "Hello /u1234".getBytes();
        assertEqualContent(text, file);
    }

    public void testWriteCharSequence1() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "write.txt");
        FileUtils.write(file, "Hello /u1234", "UTF8");
        final byte[] text = "Hello /u1234".getBytes("UTF8");
        assertEqualContent(text, file);
    }

    public void testWriteCharSequence2() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "write.txt");
        FileUtils.write(file, "Hello /u1234", (String) null);
        final byte[] text = "Hello /u1234".getBytes();
        assertEqualContent(text, file);
    }

    public void testWriteByteArrayToFile() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "write.obj");
        final byte[] data = new byte[] {11, 21, 31};
        FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(file, data);
        assertEqualContent(data, file);
    }

    public void testWriteByteArrayToFile_WithOffsetAndLength() throws Exception {
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "write.obj");
        final byte[] data = new byte[] { 11, 21, 32, 41, 51 };
        final byte[] writtenData = new byte[3];
        System.arraycopy(data, 1, writtenData, 0, 3);
        FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(file, data, 1, 3);
        assertEqualContent(writtenData, file);
    }

    public void testWriteLines_4arg() throws Exception {
        final Object[] data = new Object[] {
            "hello", new StringBuffer("world"), "", "this is", null, "some text"};
        final List<Object> list = Arrays.asList(data);

        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, "US-ASCII", list, "*");

        final String expected = "hello*world**this is**some text*";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file, "US-ASCII");
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteLines_4arg_Writer_nullData() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, "US-ASCII", (List<?>) null, "*");

        assertEquals("Sizes differ", 0, file.length());
    }

    public void testWriteLines_4arg_nullSeparator() throws Exception {
        final Object[] data = new Object[] {
            "hello", new StringBuffer("world"), "", "this is", null, "some text"};
        final List<Object> list = Arrays.asList(data);

        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, "US-ASCII", list, null);

        final String expected = "hello" + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "world" + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR +
            IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "this is" + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR +
            IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "some text" + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR;
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file, "US-ASCII");
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteLines_3arg_nullSeparator() throws Exception {
        final Object[] data = new Object[] {
            "hello", new StringBuffer("world"), "", "this is", null, "some text"};
        final List<Object> list = Arrays.asList(data);

        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, "US-ASCII", list);

        final String expected = "hello" + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "world" + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR +
            IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "this is" + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR +
            IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "some text" + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR;
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file, "US-ASCII");
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteLines_5argsWithAppendOptionTrue_ShouldNotDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        final List<String> linesToAppend = Arrays.asList(new String[] {
                "my first line", "The second Line" });
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, null, linesToAppend, null, true);

        final String expected = "This line was there before you..."
                + "my first line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "The second Line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR ;
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteLines_5argsWithAppendOptionFalse_ShouldDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        final List<String> linesToAppend = Arrays.asList(new String[] {
                "my first line", "The second Line" });
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, null, linesToAppend, null, false);

        final String expected = "my first line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "The second Line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR ;
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteLines_4argsWithAppendOptionTrue_ShouldNotDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        final List<String> linesToAppend = Arrays.asList(new String[] {
                "my first line", "The second Line" });
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, linesToAppend, null, true);

        final String expected = "This line was there before you..."
                + "my first line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "The second Line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR ;
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteLines_4argsWithAppendOptionFalse_ShouldDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        final List<String> linesToAppend = Arrays.asList(new String[] {
                "my first line", "The second Line" });
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, linesToAppend, null, false);

        final String expected = "my first line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "The second Line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR ;
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }


    public void testWriteLinesEncoding_WithAppendOptionTrue_ShouldNotDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        final List<String> linesToAppend = Arrays.asList(new String[] {
                "my first line", "The second Line" });
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, null, linesToAppend, true);

        final String expected = "This line was there before you..."
                + "my first line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "The second Line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR ;
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteLinesEncoding_WithAppendOptionFalse_ShouldDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        final List<String> linesToAppend = Arrays.asList(new String[] {
                "my first line", "The second Line" });
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, null, linesToAppend, false);

        final String expected = "my first line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "The second Line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR ;
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteLines_3argsWithAppendOptionTrue_ShouldNotDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        final List<String> linesToAppend = Arrays.asList(new String[] {
                "my first line", "The second Line" });
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, linesToAppend, true);

        final String expected = "This line was there before you..."
                + "my first line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "The second Line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR ;
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteLines_3argsWithAppendOptionFalse_ShouldDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        final List<String> linesToAppend = Arrays.asList(new String[] {
                "my first line", "The second Line" });
        FileUtils.writeLines(file, linesToAppend, false);

        final String expected = "my first line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR + "The second Line"
                + IOUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR ;
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteStringToFileWithEncoding_WithAppendOptionTrue_ShouldNotDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "this is brand new data", (String) null, true);

        final String expected = "This line was there before you..."
                + "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteStringToFileWithEncoding_WithAppendOptionFalse_ShouldDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "this is brand new data", (String) null, false);

        final String expected = "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteStringToFile_WithAppendOptionTrue_ShouldNotDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "this is brand new data", true);

        final String expected = "This line was there before you..."
                + "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteStringToFile_WithAppendOptionFalse_ShouldDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "this is brand new data", false);

        final String expected = "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteWithEncoding_WithAppendOptionTrue_ShouldNotDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        FileUtils.write(file, "this is brand new data", (String) null, true);

        final String expected = "This line was there before you..."
            + "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteWithEncoding_WithAppendOptionFalse_ShouldDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        FileUtils.write(file, "this is brand new data", (String) null, false);

        final String expected = "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWrite_WithAppendOptionTrue_ShouldNotDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        FileUtils.write(file, "this is brand new data", true);

        final String expected = "This line was there before you..."
            + "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWrite_WithAppendOptionFalse_ShouldDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        FileUtils.write(file, "this is brand new data", false);

        final String expected = "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteByteArrayToFile_WithAppendOptionTrue_ShouldNotDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(file, "this is brand new data".getBytes(), true);

        final String expected = "This line was there before you..."
            + "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteByteArrayToFile_WithAppendOptionFalse_ShouldDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(file, "this is brand new data".getBytes(), false);

        final String expected = "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteByteArrayToFile_WithOffsetAndLength_WithAppendOptionTrue_ShouldNotDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        final byte[] data = "SKIP_THIS_this is brand new data_AND_SKIP_THIS".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8);
        FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(file, data, 10, 22, true);

        final String expected = "This line was there before you..." + "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file, Charsets.UTF_8);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    public void testWriteByteArrayToFile_WithOffsetAndLength_WithAppendOptionTrue_ShouldDeletePreviousFileLines() throws Exception {
        final File file = newFile("lines.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, "This line was there before you...");

        final byte[] data = "SKIP_THIS_this is brand new data_AND_SKIP_THIS".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8);
        FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(file, data, 10, 22, false);

        final String expected = "this is brand new data";
        final String actual = FileUtils.readFileToString(file, Charsets.UTF_8);
        assertEquals(expected, actual);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    public void testChecksumCRC32() throws Exception {
        // create a test file
        final String text = "Imagination is more important than knowledge - Einstein";
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "checksum-test.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, text, "US-ASCII");

        // compute the expected checksum
        final Checksum expectedChecksum = new CRC32();
        expectedChecksum.update(text.getBytes("US-ASCII"), 0, text.length());
        final long expectedValue = expectedChecksum.getValue();

        // compute the checksum of the file
        final long resultValue = FileUtils.checksumCRC32(file);

        assertEquals(expectedValue, resultValue);
    }

    public void testChecksum() throws Exception {
        // create a test file
        final String text = "Imagination is more important than knowledge - Einstein";
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "checksum-test.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, text, "US-ASCII");

        // compute the expected checksum
        final Checksum expectedChecksum = new CRC32();
        expectedChecksum.update(text.getBytes("US-ASCII"), 0, text.length());
        final long expectedValue = expectedChecksum.getValue();

        // compute the checksum of the file
        final Checksum testChecksum = new CRC32();
        final Checksum resultChecksum = FileUtils.checksum(file, testChecksum);
        final long resultValue = resultChecksum.getValue();

        assertSame(testChecksum, resultChecksum);
        assertEquals(expectedValue, resultValue);
    }

    public void testChecksumOnNullFile() throws Exception {
        try {
            FileUtils.checksum((File) null, new CRC32());
            fail();
        } catch (final NullPointerException ex) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    public void testChecksumOnNullChecksum() throws Exception {
        // create a test file
        final String text = "Imagination is more important than knowledge - Einstein";
        final File file = new File(getTestDirectory(), "checksum-test.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file, text, "US-ASCII");
        try {
            FileUtils.checksum(file, (Checksum) null);
            fail();
        } catch (final NullPointerException ex) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    public void testChecksumOnDirectory() throws Exception {
        try {
            FileUtils.checksum(new File("."), new CRC32());
            fail();
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    public void testChecksumDouble() throws Exception {
        // create a test file
        final String text1 = "Imagination is more important than knowledge - Einstein";
        final File file1 = new File(getTestDirectory(), "checksum-test.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file1, text1, "US-ASCII");

        // create a second test file
        final String text2 = "To be or not to be - Shakespeare";
        final File file2 = new File(getTestDirectory(), "checksum-test2.txt");
        FileUtils.writeStringToFile(file2, text2, "US-ASCII");

        // compute the expected checksum
        final Checksum expectedChecksum = new CRC32();
        expectedChecksum.update(text1.getBytes("US-ASCII"), 0, text1.length());
        expectedChecksum.update(text2.getBytes("US-ASCII"), 0, text2.length());
        final long expectedValue = expectedChecksum.getValue();

        // compute the checksum of the file
        final Checksum testChecksum = new CRC32();
        FileUtils.checksum(file1, testChecksum);
        FileUtils.checksum(file2, testChecksum);
        final long resultValue = testChecksum.getValue();

        assertEquals(expectedValue, resultValue);
    }

    public void testDeleteDirectoryWithNonDirectory() throws Exception {
        try {
            FileUtils.deleteDirectory(testFile1);
            fail();
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    public void testDeleteQuietlyForNull() {
        try {
            FileUtils.deleteQuietly(null);
        } catch (final Exception ex) {
            fail(ex.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void testDeleteQuietlyDir() throws IOException {
        final File testDirectory = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testDeleteQuietlyDir");
        final File testFile= new File(testDirectory, "testDeleteQuietlyFile");
        testDirectory.mkdirs();
        createFile(testFile, 0);

        assertTrue(testDirectory.exists());
        assertTrue(testFile.exists());
        FileUtils.deleteQuietly(testDirectory);
        assertFalse("Check No Exist", testDirectory.exists());
        assertFalse("Check No Exist", testFile.exists());
    }

    public void testDeleteQuietlyFile() throws IOException {
        final File testFile= new File(getTestDirectory(), "testDeleteQuietlyFile");
        createFile(testFile, 0);

        assertTrue(testFile.exists());
        FileUtils.deleteQuietly(testFile);
        assertFalse("Check No Exist", testFile.exists());
    }

    public void testDeleteQuietlyNonExistent() {
        final File testFile = new File("testDeleteQuietlyNonExistent");
        assertFalse(testFile.exists());

        try {
            FileUtils.deleteQuietly(testFile);
        } catch (final Exception ex) {
            fail(ex.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void testMoveFile_Rename() throws Exception {
        final File destination = new File( getTestDirectory(), "move1.txt" );

        FileUtils.moveFile( testFile1, destination );
        assertTrue( "Check Exist", destination.exists() );
        assertTrue( "Original deleted", ! testFile1.exists() );
    }

    public void testMoveFile_CopyDelete() throws Exception {
        final File destination = new File( getTestDirectory(), "move2.txt" );
        final File src = new File( testFile1.getAbsolutePath() ) {
            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

            // Force renameTo to fail, as if destination is on another
            // filesystem
            @Override
            public boolean renameTo( final File f ) {
                return false;
            }
        };
        FileUtils.moveFile( src, destination );
        assertTrue( "Check Exist", destination.exists() );
        assertTrue( "Original deleted", ! src.exists() );
    }


    public void testMoveFile_CopyDelete_Failed() throws Exception {
        final File destination = new File( getTestDirectory(), "move3.txt" );
        final File src = new File( testFile1.getAbsolutePath() ) {
            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

            // Force renameTo to fail, as if destination is on another
            // filesystem
            @Override
            public boolean renameTo( final File f ) {
                return false;
            }

            // Force delete failure
            @Override
            public boolean delete() {
                return false;
            }

        };
        try {
            FileUtils.moveFile( src, destination );
            fail( "move should have failed as src has not been deleted" );
        } catch (final IOException e) {
           // exepected
            assertTrue( "Check Rollback", !destination.exists() );
            assertTrue( "Original exists", src.exists() );
        }
    }
    public void testMoveFile_Errors() throws Exception {
        try {
            FileUtils.moveFile(null, new File("foo"));
            fail("Expected NullPointerException when source is null");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            FileUtils.moveFile(new File("foo"), null);
            fail("Expected NullPointerException when destination is null");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            FileUtils.moveFile(new File("nonexistant"), new File("foo"));
            fail("Expected FileNotFoundException for source");
        } catch (final FileNotFoundException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            FileUtils.moveFile(getTestDirectory(), new File("foo"));
            fail("Expected IOException when source is a directory");
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            // expected
        }
        final File testSourceFile = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveFileSource");
        final File testDestFile = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveFileSource");
        createFile(testSourceFile, 0);
        createFile(testDestFile, 0);
        try {
            FileUtils.moveFile(testSourceFile, testDestFile);
            fail("Expected FileExistsException when dest already exists");
        } catch (final FileExistsException e) {
            // expected
        }

    }

    public void testMoveFileToDirectory() throws Exception {
        final File destDir = new File( getTestDirectory(), "moveFileDestDir");
        final File movedFile = new File(destDir, testFile1.getName());
        assertFalse("Check Exist before", destDir.exists());
        assertFalse("Check Exist before", movedFile.exists());

        FileUtils.moveFileToDirectory(testFile1, destDir, true);
        assertTrue( "Check Exist after", movedFile.exists() );
        assertTrue( "Original deleted", ! testFile1.exists() );
    }

    public void testMoveFileToDirectory_Errors() throws Exception {
        try {
            FileUtils.moveFileToDirectory(null, new File("foo"), true);
            fail("Expected NullPointerException when source is null");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            FileUtils.moveFileToDirectory(new File("foo"), null, true);
            fail("Expected NullPointerException when destination is null");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
        final File testFile1    = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveFileFile1");
        final File testFile2    = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveFileFile2");
        createFile(testFile1, 0);
        createFile(testFile2, 0);
        try {
            FileUtils.moveFileToDirectory(testFile1, testFile2, true);
            fail("Expected IOException when dest not a directory");
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            // expected
        }

        final File nonexistant = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveFileNonExistant");
        try {
            FileUtils.moveFileToDirectory(testFile1, nonexistant, false);
            fail("Expected IOException when dest does not exist and create=false");
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }


    public void testMoveDirectory_Rename() throws Exception {
        final File dir = getTestDirectory();
        final File src = new File(dir, "testMoveDirectory1Source");
        final File testDir = new File(src, "foo");
        final File testFile = new File(testDir, "bar");
        testDir.mkdirs();
        createFile(testFile, 0);
        final File destination = new File(dir, "testMoveDirectory1Dest");
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory( destination );

        // Move the directory
        FileUtils.moveDirectory( src, destination );

        // Check results
        assertTrue( "Check Exist", destination.exists() );
        assertTrue( "Original deleted", ! src.exists() );
        final File movedDir = new File(destination, testDir.getName());
        final File movedFile = new File(movedDir, testFile.getName());
        assertTrue( "Check dir moved", movedDir.exists());
        assertTrue( "Check file moved", movedFile.exists());
    }

    public void testMoveDirectory_CopyDelete() throws Exception {

        final File dir = getTestDirectory();
        final File src = new File(dir, "testMoveDirectory2Source") {
            private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

            // Force renameTo to fail
            @Override
            public boolean renameTo( final File dest ) {
                return false;
            }
        };
        final File testDir = new File(src, "foo");
        final File testFile = new File(testDir, "bar");
        testDir.mkdirs();
        createFile(testFile, 0);
        final File destination = new File(dir, "testMoveDirectory1Dest");
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory( destination );

        // Move the directory
        FileUtils.moveDirectory( src, destination );

        // Check results
        assertTrue( "Check Exist", destination.exists() );
        assertTrue( "Original deleted", ! src.exists() );
        final File movedDir = new File(destination, testDir.getName());
        final File movedFile = new File(movedDir, testFile.getName());
        assertTrue( "Check dir moved", movedDir.exists());
        assertTrue( "Check file moved", movedFile.exists());
    }

    public void testMoveDirectory_Errors() throws Exception {
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectory(null, new File("foo"));
            fail("Expected NullPointerException when source is null");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectory(new File("foo"), null);
            fail("Expected NullPointerException when destination is null");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectory(new File("nonexistant"), new File("foo"));
            fail("Expected FileNotFoundException for source");
        } catch (final FileNotFoundException e) {
            // expected
        }
        final File testFile = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveDirectoryFile");
        createFile(testFile, 0);
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectory(testFile, new File("foo"));
            fail("Expected IOException when source is not a directory");
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            // expected
        }
        final File testSrcFile = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveDirectorySource");
        final File testDestFile = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveDirectoryDest");
        testSrcFile.mkdir();
        testDestFile.mkdir();
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectory(testSrcFile, testDestFile);
            fail("Expected FileExistsException when dest already exists");
        } catch (final FileExistsException e) {
            // expected
        }

    }

    public void testMoveDirectoryToDirectory() throws Exception {
        final File dir = getTestDirectory();
        final File src = new File(dir, "testMoveDirectory1Source");
        final File testChildDir = new File(src, "foo");
        final File testFile = new File(testChildDir, "bar");
        testChildDir.mkdirs();
        createFile(testFile, 0);
        final File destDir = new File(dir, "testMoveDirectory1Dest");
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory( destDir );
        assertFalse( "Check Exist before", destDir.exists() );

        // Move the directory
        FileUtils.moveDirectoryToDirectory(src, destDir, true);

        // Check results
        assertTrue( "Check Exist after", destDir.exists() );
        assertTrue( "Original deleted", ! src.exists() );
        final File movedDir = new File(destDir, src.getName());
        final File movedChildDir = new File(movedDir, testChildDir.getName());
        final File movedFile = new File(movedChildDir, testFile.getName());
        assertTrue( "Check dir moved", movedDir.exists());
        assertTrue( "Check child dir moved", movedChildDir.exists());
        assertTrue( "Check file moved", movedFile.exists());
    }

    public void testMoveDirectoryToDirectory_Errors() throws Exception {
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectoryToDirectory(null, new File("foo"), true);
            fail("Expected NullPointerException when source is null");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectoryToDirectory(new File("foo"), null, true);
            fail("Expected NullPointerException when destination is null");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
        final File testFile1    = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveFileFile1");
        final File testFile2    = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveFileFile2");
        createFile(testFile1, 0);
        createFile(testFile2, 0);
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectoryToDirectory(testFile1, testFile2, true);
            fail("Expected IOException when dest not a directory");
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            // expected
        }

        final File nonexistant = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveFileNonExistant");
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectoryToDirectory(testFile1, nonexistant, false);
            fail("Expected IOException when dest does not exist and create=false");
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }
    public void testMoveToDirectory() throws Exception {
        final File destDir     = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveToDirectoryDestDir");
        final File testDir     = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveToDirectoryTestDir");
        final File testFile    = new File(getTestDirectory(), "testMoveToDirectoryTestFile");
        testDir.mkdirs();
        createFile(testFile, 0);
        final File movedFile = new File(destDir, testFile.getName());
        final File movedDir = new File(destDir, testFile.getName());

        assertFalse( "Check File Doesnt exist", movedFile.exists() );
        assertFalse( "Check Dir Doesnt exist", movedDir.exists() );

        // Test moving a file
        FileUtils.moveToDirectory(testFile, destDir, true);
        assertTrue( "Check File exists", movedFile.exists() );
        assertFalse( "Check Original File doesn't exist", testFile.exists() );

        // Test moving a directory
        FileUtils.moveToDirectory(testDir, destDir, true);
        assertTrue( "Check Dir exists", movedDir.exists() );
        assertFalse( "Check Original Dir doesn't exist", testDir.exists());
    }

    public void testMoveToDirectory_Errors() throws Exception {
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectoryToDirectory(null, new File("foo"), true);
            fail("Expected NullPointerException when source is null");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectoryToDirectory(new File("foo"), null, true);
            fail("Expected NullPointerException when destination is null");
        } catch (final NullPointerException e) {
            // expected
        }
        final File nonexistant    = new File(getTestDirectory(), "nonexistant");
        final File destDir    = new File(getTestDirectory(), "MoveToDirectoryDestDir");
        try {
            FileUtils.moveToDirectory(nonexistant, destDir, true);
            fail("Expected IOException when source does not exist");
        } catch (final IOException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    public void testIO300() throws Exception {
        final File testDirectory = getTestDirectory();
        final File src = new File(testDirectory, "dir1");
        final File dest = new File(src,"dir2");
        assertTrue(dest.mkdirs());
        assertTrue(src.exists());
        try {
            FileUtils.moveDirectoryToDirectory(src, dest, false);
            fail("expected IOException");
        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
            // expected
        }
        assertTrue(src.exists());
    }

    public void testIO276() throws Exception {
        final File dir = new File("target", "IO276");
        assertTrue(dir + " should not be present", dir.mkdirs());
        final File file = new File(dir, "IO276.txt");
        assertTrue(file + " should not be present", file.createNewFile());
        FileUtils.forceDeleteOnExit(dir);
        // If this does not work, test will fail next time (assuming target is not cleaned)
    }

    // Test helper class to pretend a file is shorter than it is
    private static class ShorterFile extends File {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        public ShorterFile(String pathname) {
            super(pathname);
        }
        @Override
        public long length() {
            return super.length() - 1;
        }
    }

    // This test relies on FileUtils.copyFile using File.length to check the output size
    public void testIncorrectOutputSize() throws Exception {
        File inFile = new File("pom.xml");
        File outFile = new ShorterFile("target/pom.tmp"); // it will report a shorter file
        try {
            FileUtils.copyFile(inFile, outFile);
            fail("Expected IOException");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            final String msg = e.toString();
            assertTrue(msg, msg.contains("Failed to copy full contents"));
        } finally {
            outFile.delete(); // tidy up
        }
    }

    /**
     * DirectoryWalker implementation that recursively lists all files and directories.
     */
    static class ListDirectoryWalker extends DirectoryWalker<File> {
        ListDirectoryWalker() {
            super();
        }
        List<File> list(final File startDirectory) throws IOException {
            final ArrayList<File> files = new ArrayList<File>();
            walk(startDirectory, files);
            return files;
        }

        @Override
        protected void handleDirectoryStart(final File directory, final int depth, final Collection<File> results) throws IOException {
            // Add all directories except the starting directory
            if (depth > 0) {
                results.add(directory);
            }
        }

        @Override
        protected void handleFile(final File file, final int depth, final Collection<File> results) throws IOException {
            results.add(file);
        }
    }

}