BaseSemanticAnalyzer.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import org.antlr.runtime.TokenRewriteStream;
import org.antlr.runtime.tree.CommonTree;
import org.antlr.runtime.tree.Tree;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.FileUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.common.type.Date;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.Constants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.DataConnector;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Database;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.FieldSchema;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.Order;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.SQLCheckConstraint;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.SQLDefaultConstraint;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.SQLForeignKey;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.SQLNotNullConstraint;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.SQLPrimaryKey;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.SQLUniqueConstraint;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.SourceTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.api.hive_metastoreConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.utils.MetaStoreUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.CompilationOpContext;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Context;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.ErrorMsg;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.QueryProperties;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.QueryState;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.cache.results.CacheUsage;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.ddl.DDLDesc.DDLDescWithWriteId;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.ddl.table.constraint.ConstraintsUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.FetchTask;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.Task;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.TaskFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.Utilities;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.hooks.LineageInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.hooks.Entity;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.hooks.ReadEntity;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.hooks.WriteEntity;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.AcidUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.IgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.lib.Node;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.lockmgr.HiveTxnManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.InvalidTableException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Partition;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Table;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.VirtualColumn;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.optimizer.listbucketingpruner.ListBucketingPrunerUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.type.ExprNodeTypeCheck;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.type.TypeCheckCtx;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ExprNodeConstantDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ExprNodeDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.FetchWork;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.FileSinkDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ListBucketingCtx;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.PlanUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.TableDesc;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.LogHelper;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.util.DirectionUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde.serdeConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.io.DateWritableV2;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazy.LazySimpleSerDe;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspector;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspectorConverters;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.CharTypeInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.DecimalTypeInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.TimestampLocalTZTypeInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.TypeInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.TypeInfoFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.TypeInfoUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.VarcharTypeInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.alias.AbstractJavaKeyStoreProvider;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.alias.CredentialProvider;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.alias.CredentialProviderFactory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;

import static org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf.ConfVars.HIVE_LOAD_DATA_USE_NATIVE_API;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.PTFInvocationSpec.NullOrder.NULLS_FIRST;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.PTFInvocationSpec.NullOrder.NULLS_LAST;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.PTFInvocationSpec.Order.ASC;
import static org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.PTFInvocationSpec.Order.DESC;

/**
 * BaseSemanticAnalyzer.
 *
 */
public abstract class BaseSemanticAnalyzer {
  protected static final Logger STATIC_LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseSemanticAnalyzer.class.getName());
  // Assumes one instance of this + single-threaded compilation for each query.
  protected final Hive db;
  protected final HiveConf conf;
  protected final QueryState queryState;
  protected List<Task<?>> rootTasks;
  protected FetchTask fetchTask;
  protected final Logger LOG;
  protected final LogHelper console;

  protected CompilationOpContext cContext;
  protected Context ctx;
  protected Map<String, String> idToTableNameMap;
  protected QueryProperties queryProperties;
  ParseContext pCtx = null;

  //user defined functions in query
  protected Set<String> userSuppliedFunctions;

  /**
   * A set of FileSinkOperators being written to in an ACID compliant way.  We need to remember
   * them here because when we build them we don't yet know the write id.  We need to go
   * back and set it once we actually start running the query.
   * This also contains insert-only sinks.
   */
  protected Set<FileSinkDesc> acidFileSinks = new HashSet<>();

  // whether any ACID table or Insert-only (mm) table is involved in a query
  // They both require DbTxnManager and both need to recordValidTxns when acquiring locks in Driver
  protected boolean transactionalInQuery;

  protected HiveTxnManager txnManager;

  /**
   * ReadEntities that are passed to the hooks.
   */
  protected Set<ReadEntity> inputs;
  /**
   * List of WriteEntities that are passed to the hooks.
   */
  protected Set<WriteEntity> outputs;
  /**
   * Lineage information for the query.
   */
  protected LineageInfo linfo;
  protected TableAccessInfo tableAccessInfo;
  protected ColumnAccessInfo columnAccessInfo;

  protected CacheUsage cacheUsage;

  /**
   * Columns accessed by updates
   */
  protected ColumnAccessInfo updateColumnAccessInfo;
  /**
   * the value of set autocommit true|false
   * It's an object to make sure it's {@code null} if the parsed statement is
   * not 'set autocommit...'
   */
  private Boolean autoCommitValue;

  protected Boolean prepareQuery = false;

  public Boolean getAutoCommitValue() {
    return autoCommitValue;
  }

  public void setAutoCommitValue(Boolean autoCommit) {
    autoCommitValue = autoCommit;
  }

  public boolean skipAuthorization() {
    if (!HiveConf.getBoolVar(conf, HiveConf.ConfVars.HIVE_AUTHORIZATION_ENABLED)) {
      return true;
    }
    SessionState ss = SessionState.get();
    if (ss != null && ss.isHiveServerQuery()) {
      String authUser = SessionState.getUserFromAuthenticator();
      Set<String> servUsers = new HashSet<>(ss.getConf().getStringCollection(
          HiveConf.ConfVars.HIVE_SERVER2_SERVICE_USERS.varname));
      if (servUsers.contains(authUser)) {
        console.logInfo("Skip authorization as the current user: " + authUser +
            " is configured in " + HiveConf.ConfVars.HIVE_SERVER2_SERVICE_USERS.varname);
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  public String getCboInfo() {
    return ctx.getCboInfo();
  }

  public boolean isPrepareQuery() {
    return prepareQuery;
  }

  static final class RowFormatParams {
    String fieldDelim = null;
    String fieldEscape = null;
    String collItemDelim = null;
    String mapKeyDelim = null;
    String lineDelim = null;
    String nullFormat = null;

    protected void analyzeRowFormat(ASTNode child) throws SemanticException {
      child = (ASTNode) child.getChild(0);
      int numChildRowFormat = child.getChildCount();
      for (int numC = 0; numC < numChildRowFormat; numC++) {
        ASTNode rowChild = (ASTNode) child.getChild(numC);
        switch (rowChild.getToken().getType()) {
        case HiveParser.TOK_TABLEROWFORMATFIELD:
          fieldDelim = unescapeSQLString(rowChild.getChild(0)
              .getText());
          if (rowChild.getChildCount() >= 2) {
            fieldEscape = unescapeSQLString(rowChild
                .getChild(1).getText());
          }
          break;
        case HiveParser.TOK_TABLEROWFORMATCOLLITEMS:
          collItemDelim = unescapeSQLString(rowChild
              .getChild(0).getText());
          break;
        case HiveParser.TOK_TABLEROWFORMATMAPKEYS:
          mapKeyDelim = unescapeSQLString(rowChild.getChild(0)
              .getText());
          break;
        case HiveParser.TOK_TABLEROWFORMATLINES:
          lineDelim = unescapeSQLString(rowChild.getChild(0)
              .getText());
          if (!lineDelim.equals("\n")
              && !lineDelim.equals("10")) {
            throw new SemanticException(SemanticAnalyzer.generateErrorMessage(rowChild,
                ErrorMsg.LINES_TERMINATED_BY_NON_NEWLINE.getMsg()));
          }
          break;
        case HiveParser.TOK_TABLEROWFORMATNULL:
          nullFormat = unescapeSQLString(rowChild.getChild(0)
                    .getText());
          break;
        default:
          throw new AssertionError("Unkown Token: " + rowChild);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  public BaseSemanticAnalyzer(QueryState queryState) throws SemanticException {
    this(queryState, createHiveDB(queryState.getConf()));
  }

  public BaseSemanticAnalyzer(QueryState queryState, Hive db) throws SemanticException {
    try {
      this.queryState = queryState;
      this.conf = queryState.getConf();
      this.db = db;
      rootTasks = new ArrayList<>();
      LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass().getName());
      console = new LogHelper(LOG);
      idToTableNameMap = new HashMap<>();
      inputs = new LinkedHashSet<>();
      outputs = new LinkedHashSet<>();
      txnManager = queryState.getTxnManager();
      userSuppliedFunctions = new HashSet<>();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new SemanticException(e);
    }
  }

  protected static Hive createHiveDB(HiveConf conf) throws SemanticException {
    try {
      return Hive.get(conf);
    } catch (HiveException e) {
      throw new SemanticException(e);
    }
  }

  public Map<String, String> getIdToTableNameMap() {
    return idToTableNameMap;
  }

  public abstract void analyzeInternal(ASTNode ast) throws SemanticException;
  public void init(boolean clearPartsCache) {
    //no-op
  }

  public void initCtx(Context ctx) {
    this.ctx = ctx;
  }

  public Context getCtx() {
    return this.ctx;
  }

  public void analyze(ASTNode ast, Context ctx) throws SemanticException {
    initCtx(ctx);
    init(true);
    analyzeInternal(ast);
  }

  public void validate() throws SemanticException {
    // Implementations may choose to override this
  }

  public List<Task<?>> getRootTasks() {
    return rootTasks;
  }

  /**
   * @return the fetchTask
   */
  public FetchTask getFetchTask() {
    return fetchTask;
  }

  /**
   * @param fetchTask
   *          the fetchTask to set
   */
  public void setFetchTask(FetchTask fetchTask) {
    this.fetchTask = fetchTask;
  }

  protected void reset(boolean clearPartsCache) {
    rootTasks = new ArrayList<>();
  }

  public static String stripQuotes(String val) {
    return PlanUtils.stripQuotes(val);
  }

  public static String charSetString(String charSetName, String charSetString)
      throws SemanticException {
    try {
      // The character set name starts with a _, so strip that
      charSetName = charSetName.substring(1);
      if (charSetString.charAt(0) == '\'') {
        return new String(unescapeSQLString(charSetString).getBytes(),
            charSetName);
      } else // hex input is also supported
      {
        assert charSetString.charAt(0) == '0';
        assert charSetString.charAt(1) == 'x';
        charSetString = charSetString.substring(2);

        byte[] bArray = new byte[charSetString.length() / 2];
        int j = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < charSetString.length(); i += 2) {
          int val = Character.digit(charSetString.charAt(i), 16) * 16
              + Character.digit(charSetString.charAt(i + 1), 16);
          if (val > 127) {
            val = val - 256;
          }
          bArray[j++] = (byte)val;
        }

        return new String(bArray, charSetName);
      }
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      throw new SemanticException(e);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Get dequoted name from a table/column node.
   * @param tableOrColumnNode the table or column node
   * @return for table node, db.tab or tab. for column node column.
   * @throws SemanticException
   */
  public static String getUnescapedName(ASTNode tableOrColumnNode) throws SemanticException {
    return getUnescapedName(tableOrColumnNode, null);
  }

  public static Map.Entry<String, String> getDbTableNamePair(ASTNode tableNameNode) throws SemanticException {

    if (tableNameNode.getType() != HiveParser.TOK_TABNAME ||
        (tableNameNode.getChildCount() != 1 && tableNameNode.getChildCount() != 2
            && tableNameNode.getChildCount() != 3)) {
      throw new SemanticException(ASTErrorUtils.getMsg(ErrorMsg.INVALID_TABLE_NAME.getMsg(), tableNameNode));
    }

    if (tableNameNode.getChildCount() == 2 || tableNameNode.getChildCount() == 3) {
      String dbName = unescapeIdentifier(tableNameNode.getChild(0).getText());
      String tableName = unescapeIdentifier(tableNameNode.getChild(1).getText());
      if (dbName.contains(".") || tableName.contains(".")) {
        throw new SemanticException(ASTErrorUtils.getMsg(ErrorMsg.OBJECTNAME_CONTAINS_DOT.getMsg(), tableNameNode));
      }
      if (tableNameNode.getChildCount() == 3) {
        String metaTable = unescapeIdentifier(tableNameNode.getChild(2).getText());
        tableName = tableName + "." + metaTable;
      }
      return Pair.of(dbName, tableName);
    } else {
      String tableName = unescapeIdentifier(tableNameNode.getChild(0).getText());
      if (tableName.contains(".")) {
        throw new SemanticException(ASTErrorUtils.getMsg(ErrorMsg.OBJECTNAME_CONTAINS_DOT.getMsg(), tableNameNode));
      }
      return Pair.of(null,tableName);
    }
  }

  public static String getUnescapedName(ASTNode tableOrColumnNode, String currentDatabase) throws SemanticException {
    int tokenType = tableOrColumnNode.getToken().getType();
    if (tokenType == HiveParser.TOK_TABNAME) {
      // table node
      Map.Entry<String,String> dbTablePair = getDbTableNamePair(tableOrColumnNode);
      String tableName = dbTablePair.getValue();
      String tableMetaRef = null;
      if (tableName.contains(".")) {
        String[] tmpNames = tableName.split("\\.");
        tableName = tmpNames[0];
        tableMetaRef = tmpNames[1];
      }
      return TableName.fromString(tableName,
          null,
          dbTablePair.getKey() == null ? currentDatabase : dbTablePair.getKey(),
          tableMetaRef)
          .getNotEmptyDbTable();
    } else if (tokenType == HiveParser.StringLiteral) {
      return unescapeSQLString(tableOrColumnNode.getText());
    }
    // column node
    return unescapeIdentifier(tableOrColumnNode.getText());
  }

  /**
   * Get the name reference of a DB table node.
   * @param tabNameNode
   * @return a {@link TableName}, not null. The catalog will be missing from this.
   * @throws SemanticException
   */
  public static TableName getQualifiedTableName(ASTNode tabNameNode) throws SemanticException {
    // Ideally this would be removed, once the catalog is accessible in all use cases
    return getQualifiedTableName(tabNameNode, null);
  }

  /**
   * Get the name reference of a DB table node.
   * @param tabNameNode
   * @param catalogName the catalog of the DB/object
   * @return a {@link TableName}, not null. The catalog will be missing from this.
   * @throws SemanticException
   */
  public static TableName getQualifiedTableName(ASTNode tabNameNode, String catalogName) throws SemanticException {
    if (tabNameNode.getType() != HiveParser.TOK_TABNAME || (tabNameNode.getChildCount() != 1
        && tabNameNode.getChildCount() != 2 && tabNameNode.getChildCount() != 3)) {
      throw new SemanticException(ASTErrorUtils.getMsg(
          ErrorMsg.INVALID_TABLE_NAME.getMsg(), tabNameNode));
    }

    if (tabNameNode.getChildCount() == 3) {
      final String dbName = unescapeIdentifier(tabNameNode.getChild(0).getText());
      final String tableName = unescapeIdentifier(tabNameNode.getChild(1).getText());
      final String tableMetaRef = unescapeIdentifier(tabNameNode.getChild(2).getText());
      return HiveTableName.fromString(tableName, catalogName, dbName, tableMetaRef);
    }

    if (tabNameNode.getChildCount() == 2) {
      final String dbName = unescapeIdentifier(tabNameNode.getChild(0).getText());
      final String tableName = unescapeIdentifier(tabNameNode.getChild(1).getText());
      if (dbName.contains(".") || tableName.contains(".")) {
        throw new SemanticException(ASTErrorUtils.getMsg(
            ErrorMsg.OBJECTNAME_CONTAINS_DOT.getMsg(), tabNameNode));
      }
      return HiveTableName.ofNullable(tableName, dbName);
    }
    final String tableName = unescapeIdentifier(tabNameNode.getChild(0).getText());
    if (tableName.contains(".")) {
      throw new SemanticException(ASTErrorUtils.getMsg(
          ErrorMsg.OBJECTNAME_CONTAINS_DOT.getMsg(), tabNameNode));
    }
    return HiveTableName.ofNullable(tableName);
  }

  /**
   * Get the unqualified name from a table node.
   *
   * This method works for table names qualified with their schema (e.g., "db.table")
   * and table names without schema qualification. In both cases, it returns
   * the table name without the schema.
   *
   * @param node the table node
   * @return the table name without schema qualification
   *         (i.e., if name is "db.table" or "table", returns "table")
   * @throws SemanticException
   */
  public static String getUnescapedUnqualifiedTableName(ASTNode node) throws SemanticException {
    assert node.getChildCount() <= 3;
    assert node.getType() == HiveParser.TOK_TABNAME;

    if (node.getChildCount() == 2 || node.getChildCount() == 3) {
      node = (ASTNode) node.getChild(1);
    }

    String tableName = getUnescapedName(node);
    if (node.getChildCount() == 3) {
      tableName = tableName + "." + node.getChild(2);
    }
    return tableName;
  }

  public static String getTableAlias(ASTNode node) {
    // ptf node form is: ^(TOK_PTBLFUNCTION $name $alias?
    // partitionTableFunctionSource partitioningSpec? expression*)
    // guranteed to have an alias here: check done in processJoin
    if (node.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_PTBLFUNCTION) {
      return unescapeIdentifier(node.getChild(1).getText().toLowerCase());
    }
    String alias = getSimpleTableNameBase(node);
    return alias != null ? alias.toLowerCase() : null;
  }

  protected static String getSimpleTableNameBase(ASTNode n) {
    switch (n.getType()) {
    case HiveParser.TOK_TABREF:
      int aliasIndex = findTabRefIdxs(n)[0];
      if (aliasIndex != 0) {
        return n.getChild(aliasIndex).getText(); //the alias
      }
      return getSimpleTableNameBase((ASTNode) n.getChild(0));
    case HiveParser.TOK_TABNAME:
      if (n.getChildCount() == 2) {
        //db.table -> return table
        return n.getChild(1).getText();
      }
      return n.getChild(0).getText();
    case HiveParser.TOK_SUBQUERY:
      return n.getChild(1).getText(); //the alias
    default:
      throw raiseWrongType("TOK_TABREF|TOK_TABNAME|TOK_SUBQUERY", n);
    }
  }

  protected static IllegalArgumentException raiseWrongType(String expectedTokName, ASTNode n) {
    return new IllegalArgumentException("Expected " + expectedTokName + "; got " + n.getType());
  }

  protected static int[] findTabRefIdxs(ASTNode tabref) {
    assert tabref.getType() == HiveParser.TOK_TABREF;
    int aliasIndex = 0;
    int propsIndex = -1;
    int tsampleIndex = -1;
    int ssampleIndex = -1;
    int asOfTimeIndex = -1;
    int asOfVersionIndex = -1;
    int asOfVersionFromIndex = -1;
    for (int index = 1; index < tabref.getChildCount(); index++) {
      ASTNode ct = (ASTNode) tabref.getChild(index);
      if (ct.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_TABLEBUCKETSAMPLE) {
        tsampleIndex = index;
      } else if (ct.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_TABLESPLITSAMPLE) {
        ssampleIndex = index;
      } else if (ct.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_TABLEPROPERTIES) {
        propsIndex = index;
      } else if (ct.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_AS_OF_TIME) {
        asOfTimeIndex = index;
      } else if (ct.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_AS_OF_VERSION) {
        asOfVersionIndex = index;
      } else if (ct.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_FROM_VERSION) {
        asOfVersionFromIndex = index;
      } else {
        aliasIndex = index;
      }
    }
    return new int[] {
        aliasIndex, propsIndex, tsampleIndex, ssampleIndex, asOfTimeIndex, asOfVersionIndex, asOfVersionFromIndex};
  }

  /**
   * Remove the encapsulating "`" pair from the identifier. We allow users to
   * use "`" to escape identifier for table names, column names and aliases, in
   * case that coincide with Hive language keywords.
   */
  public static String unescapeIdentifier(String val) {
    if (val == null) {
      return null;
    }
    if (val.charAt(0) == '`' && val.charAt(val.length() - 1) == '`') {
      val = val.substring(1, val.length() - 1);
    }
    return val;
  }

  public static Map<String, String> getProps(ASTNode prop) {
    // Must be deterministic order map for consistent q-test output across Java versions
    Map<String, String> mapProp = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    readProps(prop, mapProp);
    return mapProp;
  }

  /**
   * Converts parsed key/value properties pairs into a map.
   *
   * @param prop ASTNode parent of the key/value pairs
   *
   * @param mapProp property map which receives the mappings
   */
  public static void readProps(
    ASTNode prop, Map<String, String> mapProp) {

    for (int propChild = 0; propChild < prop.getChildCount(); propChild++) {
      String key = unescapeSQLString(prop.getChild(propChild).getChild(0)
          .getText());
      String value = null;
      if (prop.getChild(propChild).getChild(1) != null) {
        value = unescapeSQLString(prop.getChild(propChild).getChild(1).getText());
      }
      mapProp.put(key, value);
    }
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("nls")
  public static String unescapeSQLString(String b) {
    Character enclosure = null;

    // Some of the strings can be passed in as unicode. For example, the
    // delimiter can be passed in as \002 - So, we first check if the
    // string is a unicode number, else go back to the old behavior
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(b.length());
    for (int i = 0; i < b.length(); i++) {

      char currentChar = b.charAt(i);
      if (enclosure == null) {
        if (currentChar == '\'' || b.charAt(i) == '\"') {
          enclosure = currentChar;
        }
        // ignore all other chars outside the enclosure
        continue;
      }

      if (enclosure.equals(currentChar)) {
        enclosure = null;
        continue;
      }

      if (currentChar == '\\' && (i + 6 < b.length()) && b.charAt(i + 1) == 'u') {
        int code = 0;
        int base = i + 2;
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
          int digit = Character.digit(b.charAt(j + base), 16);
          code = (code << 4) + digit;
        }
        sb.append((char)code);
        i += 5;
        continue;
      }

      if (currentChar == '\\' && (i + 4 < b.length())) {
        char i1 = b.charAt(i + 1);
        char i2 = b.charAt(i + 2);
        char i3 = b.charAt(i + 3);
        if ((i1 >= '0' && i1 <= '1') && (i2 >= '0' && i2 <= '7')
            && (i3 >= '0' && i3 <= '7')) {
          byte bVal = (byte) ((i3 - '0') + ((i2 - '0') * 8) + ((i1 - '0') * 8 * 8));
          byte[] bValArr = new byte[1];
          bValArr[0] = bVal;
          String tmp = new String(bValArr);
          sb.append(tmp);
          i += 3;
          continue;
        }
      }

      if (currentChar == '\\' && (i + 2 < b.length())) {
        char n = b.charAt(i + 1);
        switch (n) {
        case '0':
          sb.append("\0");
          break;
        case '\'':
          sb.append("'");
          break;
        case '"':
          sb.append("\"");
          break;
        case 'b':
          sb.append("\b");
          break;
        case 'n':
          sb.append("\n");
          break;
        case 'r':
          sb.append("\r");
          break;
        case 't':
          sb.append("\t");
          break;
        case 'Z':
          sb.append("\u001A");
          break;
        case '\\':
          sb.append("\\");
          break;
        // The following 2 lines are exactly what MySQL does TODO: why do we do this?
        case '%':
          sb.append("\\%");
          break;
        case '_':
          sb.append("\\_");
          break;
        default:
          sb.append(n);
        }
        i++;
      } else {
        sb.append(currentChar);
      }
    }
    return sb.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Escapes the string for AST; doesn't enclose it in quotes, however.
   */
  public static String escapeSQLString(String b) {
    // There's usually nothing to escape, so we will be optimistic.
    String result = b;
    for (int i = 0; i < result.length(); ++i) {
      char currentChar = result.charAt(i);
      if (currentChar == '\\' && ((i + 1) < result.length())) {
        // TODO: do we need to handle the "this is what MySQL does" here?
        char nextChar = result.charAt(i + 1);
        if (nextChar == '%' || nextChar == '_') {
          ++i;
          continue;
        }
      }
      switch (currentChar) {
      case '\0': result = spliceString(result, i, "\\0"); ++i; break;
      case '\'': result = spliceString(result, i, "\\'"); ++i; break;
      case '\"': result = spliceString(result, i, "\\\""); ++i; break;
      case '\b': result = spliceString(result, i, "\\b"); ++i; break;
      case '\n': result = spliceString(result, i, "\\n"); ++i; break;
      case '\r': result = spliceString(result, i, "\\r"); ++i; break;
      case '\t': result = spliceString(result, i, "\\t"); ++i; break;
      case '\\': result = spliceString(result, i, "\\\\"); ++i; break;
      case '\u001A': result = spliceString(result, i, "\\Z"); ++i; break;
      default: {
        if (currentChar < ' ') {
          String hex = Integer.toHexString(currentChar);
          String unicode = "\\u";
          for (int j = 4; j > hex.length(); --j) {
            unicode += '0';
          }
          unicode += hex;
          result = spliceString(result, i, unicode);
          i += (unicode.length() - 1);
        }
        break; // if not a control character, do nothing
      }
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  private static String spliceString(String str, int i, String replacement) {
    return spliceString(str, i, 1, replacement);
  }

  private static String spliceString(String str, int i, int length, String replacement) {
    return str.substring(0, i) + replacement + str.substring(i + length);
  }

  public Set<ReadEntity> getInputs() {
    return inputs;
  }

  public Set<WriteEntity> getOutputs() {
    return outputs;
  }

  /**
   * @return the schema for the fields which will be produced
   * when the statement is executed, or null if not known
   */
  public List<FieldSchema> getResultSchema() {
    return null;
  }

  protected List<FieldSchema> getColumns(ASTNode ast) throws SemanticException {
    return getColumns(ast, true, conf);
  }

  /**
   * Get the list of FieldSchema out of the ASTNode.
   */
  public static List<FieldSchema> getColumns(ASTNode ast, boolean lowerCase, Configuration conf)
      throws SemanticException {
    return getColumns(ast, lowerCase, null, new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(),
            new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), new ArrayList<>(), conf);
  }

  public static void checkColumnName(String columnName) throws SemanticException {
    if (VirtualColumn.VIRTUAL_COLUMN_NAMES.contains(columnName.toUpperCase())) {
      throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.INVALID_COLUMN_NAME.getMsg(columnName));
    }
  }

  /**
   * Get the list of FieldSchema out of the ASTNode.
   * Additionally, populate the primaryKeys and foreignKeys if any.
   */
  public static List<FieldSchema> getColumns(
      ASTNode ast, boolean lowerCase, TokenRewriteStream tokenRewriteStream,
      List<SQLPrimaryKey> primaryKeys, List<SQLForeignKey> foreignKeys,
      List<SQLUniqueConstraint> uniqueConstraints, List<SQLNotNullConstraint> notNullConstraints,
      List<SQLDefaultConstraint> defaultConstraints, List<SQLCheckConstraint> checkConstraints,
      Configuration conf) throws SemanticException {
    List<FieldSchema> colList = new ArrayList<>();
    Tree parent = ast.getParent();

    for (int i = 0; i < ast.getChildCount(); i++) {
      FieldSchema col = new FieldSchema();
      ASTNode child = (ASTNode) ast.getChild(i);
      switch (child.getToken().getType()) {
      case HiveParser.TOK_UNIQUE: {
        final TableName tName =
            getQualifiedTableName((ASTNode) parent.getChild(0), MetaStoreUtils.getDefaultCatalog(conf));
        // TODO CAT - for now always use the default catalog.  Eventually will want to see if
        // the user specified a catalog
        ConstraintsUtils.processUniqueConstraints(tName, child, uniqueConstraints);
      }
      break;
      case HiveParser.TOK_PRIMARY_KEY: {
        if (!primaryKeys.isEmpty()) {
          throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.INVALID_CONSTRAINT
              .getMsg("Cannot exist more than one primary key definition for the same table"));
        }
        final TableName tName = getQualifiedTableName((ASTNode) parent.getChild(0));
        ConstraintsUtils.processPrimaryKeys(tName, child, primaryKeys);
      }
      break;
      case HiveParser.TOK_FOREIGN_KEY: {
        final TableName tName = getQualifiedTableName((ASTNode) parent.getChild(0));
        ConstraintsUtils.processForeignKeys(tName, child, foreignKeys);
      }
      break;
      case HiveParser.TOK_CHECK_CONSTRAINT: {
        final TableName tName =
            getQualifiedTableName((ASTNode) parent.getChild(0), MetaStoreUtils.getDefaultCatalog(conf));
        // TODO CAT - for now always use the default catalog.  Eventually will want to see if
        // the user specified a catalog
        ConstraintsUtils.processCheckConstraints(tName, child, null, checkConstraints, null, tokenRewriteStream);
      }
      break;
      default:
        Tree grandChild = child.getChild(0);
        if (grandChild != null) {
          String name = grandChild.getText();
          if (lowerCase) {
            name = name.toLowerCase();
          }
          checkColumnName(name);
          // child 0 is the name of the column
          col.setName(unescapeIdentifier(name));
          // child 1 is the type of the column
          ASTNode typeChild = (ASTNode) (child.getChild(1));
          col.setType(getTypeStringFromAST(typeChild));

          // child 2 is the optional comment of the column
          // child 3 is the optional constraint
          ASTNode constraintChild = null;
          if (child.getChildCount() == 4) {
            col.setComment(unescapeSQLString(child.getChild(2).getText()));
            constraintChild = (ASTNode) child.getChild(3);
          } else if (child.getChildCount() == 3
              && ((ASTNode) child.getChild(2)).getToken().getType() == HiveParser.StringLiteral) {
            col.setComment(unescapeSQLString(child.getChild(2).getText()));
          } else if (child.getChildCount() == 3) {
            constraintChild = (ASTNode) child.getChild(2);
          }
          if (constraintChild != null) {
            final TableName tName =
                getQualifiedTableName((ASTNode) parent.getChild(0), MetaStoreUtils.getDefaultCatalog(conf));
            // TODO CAT - for now always use the default catalog.  Eventually will want to see if
            // the user specified a catalog
            // Process column constraint
            switch (constraintChild.getToken().getType()) {
            case HiveParser.TOK_CHECK_CONSTRAINT:
              ConstraintsUtils.processCheckConstraints(tName, constraintChild, ImmutableList.of(col.getName()),
                  checkConstraints, typeChild, tokenRewriteStream);
              break;
            case HiveParser.TOK_DEFAULT_VALUE:
              ConstraintsUtils.processDefaultConstraints(tName, constraintChild, ImmutableList.of(col.getName()),
                  defaultConstraints, typeChild, tokenRewriteStream);
              break;
            case HiveParser.TOK_NOT_NULL:
              ConstraintsUtils.processNotNullConstraints(tName, constraintChild, ImmutableList.of(col.getName()),
                  notNullConstraints);
              break;
            case HiveParser.TOK_UNIQUE:
              ConstraintsUtils.processUniqueConstraints(tName, constraintChild, ImmutableList.of(col.getName()),
                  uniqueConstraints);
              break;
            case HiveParser.TOK_PRIMARY_KEY:
              if (!primaryKeys.isEmpty()) {
                throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.INVALID_CONSTRAINT
                    .getMsg("Cannot exist more than one primary key definition for the same table"));
              }
              ConstraintsUtils.processPrimaryKeys(tName, constraintChild, ImmutableList.of(col.getName()), primaryKeys);
              break;
            case HiveParser.TOK_FOREIGN_KEY:
              ConstraintsUtils.processForeignKeys(tName, constraintChild, foreignKeys);
              break;
            default:
              throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.NOT_RECOGNIZED_CONSTRAINT.getMsg(
                  constraintChild.getToken().getText()));
            }
          }
        }
        colList.add(col);
        break;
      }
    }
    return colList;
  }

  public static List<String> getColumnNames(ASTNode ast) {
    List<String> colList = new ArrayList<>();
    int numCh = ast.getChildCount();
    for (int i = 0; i < numCh; i++) {
      ASTNode child = (ASTNode) ast.getChild(i);
      colList.add(unescapeIdentifier(child.getText()).toLowerCase());
    }
    return colList;
  }

  protected List<Order> getColumnNamesOrder(ASTNode ast) throws SemanticException {
    List<Order> colList = new ArrayList<>();
    int numCh = ast.getChildCount();
    for (int i = 0; i < numCh; i++) {
      ASTNode child = (ASTNode) ast.getChild(i);
      int directionCode = DirectionUtils.tokenToCode(child.getToken().getType());
      child = (ASTNode) child.getChild(0);
      if (child.getToken().getType() != HiveParser.TOK_NULLS_FIRST && directionCode == DirectionUtils.ASCENDING_CODE) {
        throw new SemanticException(
                "create/alter bucketed table: not supported NULLS LAST for SORTED BY in ASC order");
      }
      if (child.getToken().getType() != HiveParser.TOK_NULLS_LAST && directionCode == DirectionUtils.DESCENDING_CODE) {
        throw new SemanticException(
                "create/alter bucketed table: not supported NULLS FIRST for SORTED BY in DESC order");
      }
      colList.add(new Order(unescapeIdentifier(child.getChild(0).getText()).toLowerCase(), directionCode));
    }
    return colList;
  }

  public static String getTypeStringFromAST(ASTNode typeNode)
      throws SemanticException {
    switch (typeNode.getType()) {
    case HiveParser.TOK_LIST:
      return serdeConstants.LIST_TYPE_NAME + "<"
          + getTypeStringFromAST((ASTNode) typeNode.getChild(0)) + ">";
    case HiveParser.TOK_MAP:
      return serdeConstants.MAP_TYPE_NAME + "<"
          + getTypeStringFromAST((ASTNode) typeNode.getChild(0)) + ","
          + getTypeStringFromAST((ASTNode) typeNode.getChild(1)) + ">";
    case HiveParser.TOK_STRUCT:
      return getStructTypeStringFromAST(typeNode);
    case HiveParser.TOK_UNIONTYPE:
      return getUnionTypeStringFromAST(typeNode);
    default:
      return getTypeName(typeNode);
    }
  }

  private static final Map<Integer, String> TOKEN_TO_TYPE = new HashMap<>();

  static {
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_BOOLEAN, serdeConstants.BOOLEAN_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_TINYINT, serdeConstants.TINYINT_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_SMALLINT, serdeConstants.SMALLINT_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_INT, serdeConstants.INT_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_BIGINT, serdeConstants.BIGINT_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_FLOAT, serdeConstants.FLOAT_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_DOUBLE, serdeConstants.DOUBLE_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_STRING, serdeConstants.STRING_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_CHAR, serdeConstants.CHAR_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_VARCHAR, serdeConstants.VARCHAR_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_BINARY, serdeConstants.BINARY_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_DATE, serdeConstants.DATE_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_DATETIME, serdeConstants.DATETIME_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_TIMESTAMP, serdeConstants.TIMESTAMP_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_TIMESTAMPLOCALTZ, serdeConstants.TIMESTAMPLOCALTZ_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_INTERVAL_YEAR_MONTH, serdeConstants.INTERVAL_YEAR_MONTH_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_INTERVAL_DAY_TIME, serdeConstants.INTERVAL_DAY_TIME_TYPE_NAME);
    TOKEN_TO_TYPE.put(HiveParser.TOK_DECIMAL, serdeConstants.DECIMAL_TYPE_NAME);
  }

  private static String getTypeName(ASTNode node) throws SemanticException {
    int token = node.getType();
    String typeName;

    // datetime type isn't currently supported
    if (token == HiveParser.TOK_DATETIME) {
      throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.UNSUPPORTED_TYPE.getMsg());
    }

    switch (token) {
    case HiveParser.TOK_CHAR:
      CharTypeInfo charTypeInfo = ParseUtils.getCharTypeInfo(node);
      typeName = charTypeInfo.getQualifiedName();
      break;
    case HiveParser.TOK_VARCHAR:
      VarcharTypeInfo varcharTypeInfo = ParseUtils.getVarcharTypeInfo(node);
      typeName = varcharTypeInfo.getQualifiedName();
      break;
    case HiveParser.TOK_TIMESTAMPLOCALTZ:
      TimestampLocalTZTypeInfo timestampLocalTZTypeInfo =
          TypeInfoFactory.getTimestampTZTypeInfo(null);
      typeName = timestampLocalTZTypeInfo.getQualifiedName();
      break;
    case HiveParser.TOK_DECIMAL:
      DecimalTypeInfo decTypeInfo = ParseUtils.getDecimalTypeTypeInfo(node);
      typeName = decTypeInfo.getQualifiedName();
      break;
    default:
      typeName = TOKEN_TO_TYPE.get(token);
    }
    return typeName;
  }

  private static String getStructTypeStringFromAST(ASTNode typeNode)
      throws SemanticException {
    String typeStr = serdeConstants.STRUCT_TYPE_NAME + "<";
    typeNode = (ASTNode) typeNode.getChild(0);
    int children = typeNode.getChildCount();
    if (children <= 0) {
      throw new SemanticException("empty struct not allowed.");
    }
    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(typeStr);
    Set<String> attributeIdentifiers = new HashSet<>(children);
    for (int i = 0; i < children; i++) {
      ASTNode child = (ASTNode) typeNode.getChild(i);

      String attributeIdentifier = unescapeIdentifier(child.getChild(0).getText());
      if (attributeIdentifiers.contains(attributeIdentifier)) {
        throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.AMBIGUOUS_STRUCT_ATTRIBUTE, attributeIdentifier);
      } else {
        attributeIdentifiers.add(attributeIdentifier);
      }

      buffer.append(attributeIdentifier).append(":");
      buffer.append(getTypeStringFromAST((ASTNode) child.getChild(1)));
      if (i < children - 1) {
        buffer.append(",");
      }
    }

    buffer.append(">");
    return buffer.toString();
  }

  private static String getUnionTypeStringFromAST(ASTNode typeNode)
      throws SemanticException {
    String typeStr = serdeConstants.UNION_TYPE_NAME + "<";
    typeNode = (ASTNode) typeNode.getChild(0);
    int children = typeNode.getChildCount();
    if (children <= 0) {
      throw new SemanticException("empty union not allowed.");
    }
    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(typeStr);
    for (int i = 0; i < children; i++) {
      buffer.append(getTypeStringFromAST((ASTNode) typeNode.getChild(i)));
      if (i < children - 1) {
        buffer.append(",");
      }
    }
    buffer.append(">");
    typeStr = buffer.toString();
    return typeStr;
  }

  /**
   * TableSpec.
   *
   */
  public static class TableSpec {
    private TableName tableName;
    public Table tableHandle;
    public Map<String, String> partSpec; // has to use LinkedHashMap to enforce order
    public Partition partHandle;
    public int numDynParts; // number of dynamic partition columns
    public List<Partition> partitions; // involved partitions in TableScanOperator/FileSinkOperator
    public enum SpecType {TABLE_ONLY, STATIC_PARTITION, DYNAMIC_PARTITION}
    public SpecType specType;

    public TableSpec(Hive db, HiveConf conf, ASTNode ast)
        throws SemanticException {
      this(db, conf, ast, true, false);
    }

    public TableSpec(Table table) {
      tableHandle = table;
      tableName = TableName.fromString(table.getTableName(), SessionState.get().getCurrentCatalog(), table.getDbName());
      specType = SpecType.TABLE_ONLY;
    }

    public TableSpec(Hive db, TableName tableName, Map<String, String> partSpec)
        throws HiveException {
      this(db, tableName.getNotEmptyDbTable(), partSpec, false);
    }

    public TableSpec(Hive db, String tableName, Map<String, String> partSpec, boolean allowPartialPartitionsSpec)
        throws HiveException {
      Table table = db.getTable(tableName);
      tableHandle = table;
      this.tableName = TableName.fromString(table.getTableName(), SessionState.get().getCurrentCatalog(),
          table.getDbName());
      if (partSpec == null) {
        specType = SpecType.TABLE_ONLY;
      } else if(allowPartialPartitionsSpec) {
        partitions = db.getPartitions(table, partSpec);
        specType = SpecType.STATIC_PARTITION;
      } else {
        Partition partition = db.getPartition(table, partSpec, false);
        if (partition == null) {
          throw new SemanticException("partition is unknown: " + table + "/" + partSpec);
        }
        partHandle = partition;
        partitions = Collections.singletonList(partHandle);
        specType = SpecType.STATIC_PARTITION;
      }
    }

    public TableSpec(Table tableHandle, List<Partition> partitions) {
      this.tableHandle = tableHandle;
      this.tableName =
          TableName.fromString(tableHandle.getTableName(), tableHandle.getCatalogName(), tableHandle.getDbName());
      if (partitions != null && !partitions.isEmpty()) {
        this.specType = SpecType.STATIC_PARTITION;
        this.partitions = partitions;
        List<FieldSchema> partCols = this.tableHandle.getPartCols();
        this.partSpec = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        for (FieldSchema partCol : partCols) {
          partSpec.put(partCol.getName(), null);
        }
      } else {
        this.specType = SpecType.TABLE_ONLY;
      }
    }

    private boolean createDynPartSpec(ASTNode ast) {
      return ast.getToken().getType() != HiveParser.TOK_CREATETABLE &&
          ast.getToken().getType() != HiveParser.TOK_CREATE_MATERIALIZED_VIEW &&
          ast.getToken().getType() != HiveParser.TOK_ALTER_MATERIALIZED_VIEW &&
          tableHandle.getPartitionKeys().size() > 0
          
        && (ast.getParent() != null && (ast.getParent().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_INSERT_INTO
          || ast.getParent().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_INSERT)
          || ast.getParent().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_DESTINATION
          || ast.getParent().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_ANALYZE);
    }
    public TableSpec(Hive db, HiveConf conf, ASTNode ast, boolean allowDynamicPartitionsSpec,
        boolean allowPartialPartitionsSpec) throws SemanticException {
      assert (ast.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_TAB
          || ast.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_TABLE_PARTITION
          || ast.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_TABTYPE
          || ast.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_CREATETABLE
          || ast.getToken().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_CREATE_MATERIALIZED_VIEW);
      int childIndex = 0;
      numDynParts = 0;

      try {
        // get table metadata
        tableName = HiveTableName.withNoDefault(getUnescapedName((ASTNode)ast.getChild(0)));
        boolean testMode = conf.getBoolVar(HiveConf.ConfVars.HIVE_TEST_MODE);
        if (testMode) {
          tableName = TableName.fromString(String.join("", conf.getVar(HiveConf.ConfVars.HIVE_TEST_MODE_PREFIX),
              tableName.getTable()), tableName.getCat(), tableName.getDb()); // not that elegant, but hard to refactor
        }
        if (ast.getToken().getType() != HiveParser.TOK_CREATETABLE &&
            ast.getToken().getType() != HiveParser.TOK_CREATE_MATERIALIZED_VIEW &&
            ast.getToken().getType() != HiveParser.TOK_ALTER_MATERIALIZED_VIEW) {
          tableHandle = db.getTable(tableName);
        }
      } catch (InvalidTableException ite) {
        throw new SemanticException(ASTErrorUtils.getMsg(
            ErrorMsg.INVALID_TABLE.getMsg(), ast.getChild(0)), ite);
      } catch (HiveException e) {
        throw new SemanticException(ASTErrorUtils.getMsg(
            ErrorMsg.CANNOT_RETRIEVE_TABLE_METADATA.getMsg(),
            ast.getChild(childIndex), e.getMessage()), e);
      }

      boolean isUseNativeLoadApi = checkUseNativeApi(conf, ast);
      allowDynamicPartitionsSpec &= !isUseNativeLoadApi;

      // get partition metadata if partition specified
      if (ast.getChildCount() == 2 && ast.getToken().getType() != HiveParser.TOK_CREATETABLE &&
          ast.getToken().getType() != HiveParser.TOK_CREATE_MATERIALIZED_VIEW &&
          ast.getToken().getType() != HiveParser.TOK_ALTER_MATERIALIZED_VIEW) {
        childIndex = 1;
        ASTNode partspec = (ASTNode) ast.getChild(1);
        partitions = new ArrayList<>();
        // partSpec is a mapping from partition column name to its value.
        Map<String, String> tmpPartSpec = new HashMap<>(partspec.getChildCount());
        for (int i = 0; i < partspec.getChildCount(); ++i) {
          ASTNode partspec_val = (ASTNode) partspec.getChild(i);
          String val = null;
          String colName = unescapeIdentifier(partspec_val.getChild(0).getText().toLowerCase());
          if (partspec_val.getChildCount() < 2) { // DP in the form of T partition (ds, hr)
            if (allowDynamicPartitionsSpec) {
              ++numDynParts;
            } else {
              throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.INVALID_PARTITION
                                                       .getMsg(" - Dynamic partitions not allowed"));
            }
          } else { // in the form of T partition (ds="2010-03-03")
            val = stripQuotes(partspec_val.getChild(1).getText());
          }
          tmpPartSpec.put(colName, val);
        }

        // Return here in case of native load api, as for now the iceberg tables are considered unpartitioned in HMS
        if (isUseNativeLoadApi) {
          partSpec = tmpPartSpec;
          return;
        }

        // check if the columns, as well as value types in the partition() clause are valid
        validatePartSpec(tableHandle, tmpPartSpec, ast, conf, false);

        List<FieldSchema> parts = tableHandle.getPartitionKeys();
        if (tableHandle.getStorageHandler() != null && tableHandle.getStorageHandler().alwaysUnpartitioned()) {
          partSpec = tmpPartSpec;
        } else {
          partSpec = new LinkedHashMap<>(partspec.getChildCount());
          for (FieldSchema fs : parts) {
            String partKey = fs.getName();
            partSpec.put(partKey, tmpPartSpec.get(partKey));
          }
        }

        // check if the partition spec is valid
        if (numDynParts > 0) {
          int numStaPart;
          if (tableHandle.getStorageHandler() != null && tableHandle.getStorageHandler().alwaysUnpartitioned()) {
            numStaPart = partSpec.size() - numDynParts;
          } else {
            numStaPart = parts.size() - numDynParts;
          }
          if (numStaPart == 0 &&
              conf.getVar(HiveConf.ConfVars.DYNAMIC_PARTITIONING_MODE).equalsIgnoreCase("strict")) {
            throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.DYNAMIC_PARTITION_STRICT_MODE.getMsg());
          }

          // Partitions in partSpec is already checked via storage handler.
          // Hence no need to check for cases which are always unpartitioned.
          if (tableHandle.getStorageHandler() == null || !tableHandle.getStorageHandler().alwaysUnpartitioned()) {
            // check the partitions in partSpec be the same as defined in table schema
            if (partSpec.keySet().size() != parts.size()) {
              ErrorPartSpec(partSpec, parts);
            }
            Iterator<String> itrPsKeys = partSpec.keySet().iterator();
            for (FieldSchema fs: parts) {
              if (!itrPsKeys.next().toLowerCase().equals(fs.getName().toLowerCase())) {
                ErrorPartSpec(partSpec, parts);
              }
            }

            // check if static partition appear after dynamic partitions
            for (FieldSchema fs: parts) {
              if (partSpec.get(fs.getName().toLowerCase()) == null) {
                if (numStaPart > 0) { // found a DP, but there exists ST as subpartition
                  throw new SemanticException(ASTErrorUtils.getMsg(
                          ErrorMsg.PARTITION_DYN_STA_ORDER.getMsg(), ast.getChild(childIndex)));
                }
                break;
              } else {
                --numStaPart;
              }
            }
          }
          partHandle = null;
          specType = SpecType.DYNAMIC_PARTITION;
        } else {
          try {
            if (allowPartialPartitionsSpec) {
              partitions = db.getPartitions(tableHandle, partSpec);
            } else {
              // this doesn't create partition.
              if (tableHandle.getStorageHandler() == null || !tableHandle.getStorageHandler().alwaysUnpartitioned()) {
                partHandle = db.getPartition(tableHandle, partSpec, false);
              }
              if (partHandle == null) {
                // if partSpec doesn't exists in DB, return a delegate one
                // and the actual partition is created in MoveTask
                partHandle = new Partition(tableHandle, partSpec, null);
              } else {
                partitions.add(partHandle);
              }
            }
          } catch (HiveException e) {
            throw new SemanticException(ASTErrorUtils.getMsg(
                ErrorMsg.INVALID_PARTITION.getMsg(), ast.getChild(childIndex)), e);
          }
          specType = SpecType.STATIC_PARTITION;
        }
      } else if(createDynPartSpec(ast) && allowDynamicPartitionsSpec) {
        // if user hasn't specified partition spec generate it from table's partition spec
        // do this only if it is INSERT/INSERT INTO/INSERT OVERWRITE/ANALYZE
        List<FieldSchema> parts = tableHandle.getPartitionKeys();
        partSpec = new LinkedHashMap<>(parts.size());
        for (FieldSchema fs : parts) {
          String partKey = fs.getName();
          partSpec.put(partKey, null);
        }
        partHandle = null;
        specType = SpecType.DYNAMIC_PARTITION;
      } else {
        specType = SpecType.TABLE_ONLY;
      }
    }

    private boolean checkUseNativeApi(HiveConf conf, ASTNode ast) {
      boolean isLoad = ast.getParent() != null && ast.getParent().getType() == HiveParser.TOK_LOAD;
      return isLoad && tableHandle.isNonNative() && conf.getBoolVar(HIVE_LOAD_DATA_USE_NATIVE_API);
    }

    public TableName getTableName() {
      return tableName;
    }

    public void setTableName(TableName tableName) {
      this.tableName = tableName;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getPartSpec() {
      return this.partSpec;
    }

    public void setPartSpec(Map<String, String> partSpec) {
      this.partSpec = partSpec;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      if (partHandle != null) {
        return partHandle.toString();
      } else {
        return tableHandle.toString();
      }
    }
  }

  public static class AnalyzeRewriteContext {

    private String tableName;
    private List<String> colName;
    private List<String> colType;
    private boolean tblLvl;

    public String getTableName() {
      return tableName;
    }

    public void setTableName(String tableName) {
      this.tableName = tableName;
    }

    public List<String> getColName() {
      return colName;
    }

    public void setColName(List<String> colName) {
      this.colName = colName;
    }

    public boolean isTblLvl() {
      return tblLvl;
    }

    public void setTblLvl(boolean isTblLvl) {
      this.tblLvl = isTblLvl;
    }

    public List<String> getColType() {
      return colType;
    }

    public void setColType(List<String> colType) {
      this.colType = colType;
    }

  }

  /**
   * Gets the lineage information.
   *
   * @return LineageInfo associated with the query.
   */
  public LineageInfo getLineageInfo() {
    return linfo;
  }

  /**
   * Sets the lineage information.
   *
   * @param linfo The LineageInfo structure that is set in the optimization phase.
   */
  public void setLineageInfo(LineageInfo linfo) {
    this.linfo = linfo;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the table access information.
   *
   * @return TableAccessInfo associated with the query.
   */
  public TableAccessInfo getTableAccessInfo() {
    return tableAccessInfo;
  }

  /**
   * Sets the table access information.
   *
   * @param tableAccessInfo The TableAccessInfo structure that is set in the optimization phase.
   */
  public void setTableAccessInfo(TableAccessInfo tableAccessInfo) {
    this.tableAccessInfo = tableAccessInfo;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the column access information.
   *
   * @return ColumnAccessInfo associated with the query.
   */
  public ColumnAccessInfo getColumnAccessInfo() {
    return columnAccessInfo;
  }

  /**
   * Sets the column access information.
   *
   * @param columnAccessInfo The ColumnAccessInfo structure that is set immediately after
   * the optimization phase.
   */
  public void setColumnAccessInfo(ColumnAccessInfo columnAccessInfo) {
    this.columnAccessInfo = columnAccessInfo;
  }

  public ColumnAccessInfo getUpdateColumnAccessInfo() {
    return updateColumnAccessInfo;
  }

  public void setUpdateColumnAccessInfo(ColumnAccessInfo updateColumnAccessInfo) {
    this.updateColumnAccessInfo = updateColumnAccessInfo;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the user supplied functions.
   * Note 1: This list only accumulates UDFs explicitly mentioned in the query
   * Note 2: This list will not include UDFs defined with views/tables
   * @return List of String with names of UDFs.
   */
  public Set<String> getUserSuppliedFunctions() {
    return userSuppliedFunctions;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if given specification is proper specification for prefix of
   * partition cols, for table partitioned by ds, hr, min valid ones are
   * (ds='2008-04-08'), (ds='2008-04-08', hr='12'), (ds='2008-04-08', hr='12', min='30')
   * invalid one is for example (ds='2008-04-08', min='30')
   * @param spec specification key-value map
   * @return true if the specification is prefix; never returns false, but throws
   * @throws HiveException
   */
  public final boolean isValidPrefixSpec(Table tTable, Map<String, String> spec)
      throws HiveException {

    // TODO - types need to be checked.
    List<FieldSchema> partCols = tTable.getPartitionKeys();
    if (partCols == null || (partCols.size() == 0)) {
      if (spec != null) {
        throw new HiveException(
            "table is not partitioned but partition spec exists: "
                + spec);
      } else {
        return true;
      }
    }

    if (spec == null) {
      throw new HiveException("partition spec is not specified");
    }

    Iterator<String> itrPsKeys = spec.keySet().iterator();
    for (FieldSchema fs: partCols) {
      if(!itrPsKeys.hasNext()) {
        break;
      }
      if (!itrPsKeys.next().toLowerCase().equals(
              fs.getName().toLowerCase())) {
        ErrorPartSpec(spec, partCols);
      }
    }

    if(itrPsKeys.hasNext()) {
      ErrorPartSpec(spec, partCols);
    }

    return true;
  }

  private static void ErrorPartSpec(Map<String, String> partSpec,
      List<FieldSchema> parts) throws SemanticException {
    StringBuilder sb =
        new StringBuilder(
            "Partition columns in the table schema are: (");
    for (FieldSchema fs : parts) {
      sb.append(fs.getName()).append(", ");
    }
    sb.setLength(sb.length() - 2); // remove the last ", "
    sb.append("), while the partitions specified in the query are: (");

    Iterator<String> itrPsKeys = partSpec.keySet().iterator();
    while (itrPsKeys.hasNext()) {
      sb.append(itrPsKeys.next()).append(", ");
    }
    sb.setLength(sb.length() - 2); // remove the last ", "
    sb.append(").");
    throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.PARTSPEC_DIFFER_FROM_SCHEMA
        .getMsg(sb.toString()));
  }

  public Hive getDb() {
    return db;
  }

  public QueryProperties getQueryProperties() {
    return queryProperties;
  }

  public Set<FileSinkDesc> getAcidFileSinks() {
    return acidFileSinks;
  }

  public boolean hasAcidReadWrite() {
    return transactionalInQuery;
  }

  public boolean hasAcidResources() {
    return hasAcidReadWrite() || getAcidDdlDesc() != null ||
      Stream.of(getInputs(), getOutputs()).flatMap(Collection::stream)
        .filter(entity -> entity.getType() == Entity.Type.TABLE || entity.getType() == Entity.Type.PARTITION)
        .flatMap(entity -> {
          Table tbl = entity.getTable();
          if (tbl.isMaterializedView() && tbl.getMVMetadata() != null) {
            return tbl.getMVMetadata().getSourceTables().stream().map(SourceTable::getTable);
          }
          Partition p = entity.getPartition();
          if (p != null) {
            tbl = p.getTable();
          }
          return Stream.of(tbl.getTTable());
        })
        .anyMatch(AcidUtils::isTransactionalTable);
  }

  protected ListBucketingCtx constructListBucketingCtx(List<String> skewedColNames,
      List<List<String>> skewedValues, Map<List<String>, String> skewedColValueLocationMaps,
      boolean isStoredAsSubDirectories) {
    ListBucketingCtx lbCtx = new ListBucketingCtx();
    lbCtx.setSkewedColNames(skewedColNames);
    lbCtx.setSkewedColValues(skewedValues);
    lbCtx.setLbLocationMap(skewedColValueLocationMaps);
    lbCtx.setStoredAsSubDirectories(isStoredAsSubDirectories);
    lbCtx.setDefaultKey(ListBucketingPrunerUtils.HIVE_LIST_BUCKETING_DEFAULT_KEY);
    lbCtx.setDefaultDirName(ListBucketingPrunerUtils.HIVE_LIST_BUCKETING_DEFAULT_DIR_NAME);
    return lbCtx;
  }

  /**
   * process stored as directories
   *
   * @param child
   * @return
   */
  protected boolean analyzeStoredAdDirs(ASTNode child) {
    boolean storedAsDirs = false;
    if ((child.getChildCount() == 3)
        && (((ASTNode) child.getChild(2)).getToken().getType()
            == HiveParser.TOK_STOREDASDIRS)) {
      storedAsDirs = true;
    }
    return storedAsDirs;
  }

  private static boolean getPartExprNodeDesc(ASTNode astNode, HiveConf conf,
      Map<ASTNode, ExprNodeDesc> astExprNodeMap) throws SemanticException {

    if (astNode == null) {
      return true;
    } else if ((astNode.getChildren() == null) || (astNode.getChildren().size() == 0)) {
      return astNode.getType() != HiveParser.TOK_PARTVAL;
    }

    TypeCheckCtx typeCheckCtx = new TypeCheckCtx(null);
    String defaultPartitionName = HiveConf.getVar(conf, HiveConf.ConfVars.DEFAULT_PARTITION_NAME);
    boolean result = true;
    for (Node childNode : astNode.getChildren()) {
      ASTNode childASTNode = (ASTNode)childNode;

      if (childASTNode.getType() != HiveParser.TOK_PARTVAL) {
        result = getPartExprNodeDesc(childASTNode, conf, astExprNodeMap) && result;
      } else {
        boolean isDynamicPart = childASTNode.getChildren().size() <= 1;
        result = !isDynamicPart && result;
        if (!isDynamicPart) {
          ASTNode partVal = (ASTNode)childASTNode.getChildren().get(1);
          if (!defaultPartitionName.equalsIgnoreCase(unescapeSQLString(partVal.getText()))) {
            astExprNodeMap.put((ASTNode)childASTNode.getChildren().get(0),
                ExprNodeTypeCheck.genExprNode(partVal, typeCheckCtx).get(partVal));
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Get the partition specs from the tree.
   *
   * @param ast
   *          Tree to extract partitions from.
   * @return A list of partition name to value mappings.
   * @throws SemanticException
   */
  public List<Map<String, String>> getPartitionSpecs(Table tbl, CommonTree ast)
      throws SemanticException {
    List<Map<String, String>> partSpecs = new ArrayList<>();
    // get partition metadata if partition specified
    for (int childIndex = 0; childIndex < ast.getChildCount(); childIndex++) {
      ASTNode partSpecNode = (ASTNode)ast.getChild(childIndex);
      // sanity check
      if (partSpecNode.getType() == HiveParser.TOK_PARTSPEC) {
        Map<String, String> partSpec = getValidatedPartSpec(tbl, partSpecNode, conf, false);
        partSpecs.add(partSpec);
      }
    }
    return partSpecs;
  }

  public static Map<String, String> getValidatedPartSpec(Table table, ASTNode astNode,
      HiveConf conf, boolean shouldBeFull) throws SemanticException {
    Map<String, String> partSpec = getPartSpec(astNode);
    if (partSpec != null && !partSpec.isEmpty()) {
      validatePartSpec(table, partSpec, astNode, conf, shouldBeFull);
    }
    return partSpec;
  }

  public static Map<String, String> getPartSpec(ASTNode node) {
    if (node == null) {
      return null;
    }

    Map<String, String> partSpec = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < node.getChildCount(); ++i) {
      ASTNode child = (ASTNode) node.getChild(i);
      String key = child.getChild(0).getText();
      String val = null;
      if (child.getChildCount() > 1) {
        val = stripQuotes(child.getChild(1).getText());
      }
      partSpec.put(key.toLowerCase(), val);
    }
    return partSpec;
  }

  public static void validatePartSpec(Table tbl, Map<String, String> partSpec,
      ASTNode astNode, HiveConf conf, boolean shouldBeFull) throws SemanticException {
    if (tbl.getStorageHandler() != null && tbl.getStorageHandler().alwaysUnpartitioned()) {
      tbl.getStorageHandler().validatePartSpec(tbl, partSpec);
    } else {
      tbl.validatePartColumnNames(partSpec, shouldBeFull);
      validatePartColumnType(tbl, partSpec, astNode, conf);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Throws an UnsupportedOperationException in case the query has a partition clause but the table is never partitioned
   * on the HMS-level. Even though table is not partitioned from the HMS's point of view, it might have some other
   * notion of partitioning under the hood (e.g. Iceberg tables). In these cases, we might decide to proactively throw a
   * more descriptive, unified error message instead of failing on some other semantic analysis validation step, which
   * could provide a more counter-intuitive exception message.
   *
   * @param tbl The table object, should not be null.
   * @param partitionClausePresent Whether a partition clause is present in the query (e.g. PARTITION(last_name='Don'))
   */
  protected static void validateUnsupportedPartitionClause(Table tbl, boolean partitionClausePresent) {
    if (partitionClausePresent && tbl.getStorageHandler() != null && tbl.getStorageHandler().alwaysUnpartitioned()) {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Using partition spec in query is unsupported for non-native table" +
          " backed by: " + tbl.getStorageHandler().toString());
    }
  }

  public static void validatePartColumnType(Table tbl, Map<String, String> partSpec,
      ASTNode astNode, HiveConf conf) throws SemanticException {
    if (!HiveConf.getBoolVar(conf, HiveConf.ConfVars.HIVE_TYPE_CHECK_ON_INSERT)) {
      return;
    }

    Map<ASTNode, ExprNodeDesc> astExprNodeMap = new HashMap<>();
    if (!getPartExprNodeDesc(astNode, conf, astExprNodeMap)) {
      STATIC_LOG.warn("Dynamic partitioning is used; only validating "
          + astExprNodeMap.size() + " columns");
    }

    if (astExprNodeMap.isEmpty()) {
      return; // All columns are dynamic, nothing to do.
    }

    List<FieldSchema> parts = tbl.getPartitionKeys();
    Map<String, String> partCols = new HashMap<>(parts.size());
    for (FieldSchema col : parts) {
      partCols.put(col.getName(), col.getType().toLowerCase());
    }
    for (Entry<ASTNode, ExprNodeDesc> astExprNodePair : astExprNodeMap.entrySet()) {
      String astKeyName = astExprNodePair.getKey().toString().toLowerCase();
      if (astExprNodePair.getKey().getType() == HiveParser.Identifier) {
        astKeyName = ParseUtils.stripIdentifierQuotes(astKeyName);
      }
      String colType = partCols.get(astKeyName);
      ObjectInspector inputOI = TypeInfoUtils.getStandardJavaObjectInspectorFromTypeInfo
          (astExprNodePair.getValue().getTypeInfo());

      TypeInfo expectedType =
          TypeInfoUtils.getTypeInfoFromTypeString(colType);
      ObjectInspector outputOI =
          TypeInfoUtils.getStandardJavaObjectInspectorFromTypeInfo(expectedType);
      //  Since partVal is a constant, it is safe to cast ExprNodeDesc to ExprNodeConstantDesc.
      //  Its value should be in normalized format (e.g. no leading zero in integer, date is in
      //  format of YYYY-MM-DD etc.)
      Object value = ((ExprNodeConstantDesc)astExprNodePair.getValue()).getValue();
      Object convertedValue = value;
      if (!inputOI.getTypeName().equals(outputOI.getTypeName())) {
        convertedValue = ObjectInspectorConverters.getConverter(inputOI, outputOI).convert(value);
        if (convertedValue == null) {
          throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.PARTITION_SPEC_TYPE_MISMATCH, astKeyName,
              inputOI.getTypeName(), outputOI.getTypeName());
        }

        if (!convertedValue.toString().equals(value.toString())) {
          //  value might have been changed because of the normalization in conversion
          STATIC_LOG.warn("Partition " + astKeyName + " expects type " + outputOI.getTypeName()
          + " but input value is in type " + inputOI.getTypeName() + ". Convert "
          + value.toString() + " to " + convertedValue.toString());
        }
      }

      if (!convertedValue.toString().equals(partSpec.get(astKeyName))) {
        STATIC_LOG.warn("Partition Spec " + astKeyName + "=" + partSpec.get(astKeyName)
            + " has been changed to " + astKeyName + "=" + convertedValue.toString());
      }
      partSpec.put(astKeyName, convertedValue.toString());
    }
  }

  @VisibleForTesting
  static void normalizeColSpec(Map<String, String> partSpec, String colName,
      String colType, String originalColSpec, Object colValue) throws SemanticException {
    if (colValue == null) {
      return; // nothing to do with nulls
    }
    String normalizedColSpec = originalColSpec;
    if (colType.equals(serdeConstants.DATE_TYPE_NAME)) {
      normalizedColSpec = normalizeDateCol(colValue);
    }
    if (!normalizedColSpec.equals(originalColSpec)) {
      STATIC_LOG.warn("Normalizing partition spec - " + colName + " from "
          + originalColSpec + " to " + normalizedColSpec);
      partSpec.put(colName, normalizedColSpec);
    }
  }

  private static String normalizeDateCol(Object colValue) throws SemanticException {
    Date value;
    if (colValue instanceof DateWritableV2) {
      value = ((DateWritableV2) colValue).get(); // Time doesn't matter.
    } else if (colValue instanceof Date) {
      value = (Date) colValue;
    } else {
      throw new SemanticException("Unexpected date type " + colValue.getClass());
    }
    try {
      return MetaStoreUtils.normalizeDate(value.toString());
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new SemanticException(e);
    }
  }

  protected WriteEntity toWriteEntity(String location) throws SemanticException {
    return toWriteEntity(new Path(location));
  }

  protected WriteEntity toWriteEntity(Path location) throws SemanticException {
    return toWriteEntity(location,conf);
  }

  public static WriteEntity toWriteEntity(Path location, HiveConf conf) throws SemanticException {
    try {
      Path path = tryQualifyPath(location,conf);
      return new WriteEntity(path, FileUtils.isLocalFile(conf, path.toUri()));
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new SemanticException(e);
    }
  }

  protected ReadEntity toReadEntity(String location) throws SemanticException {
    return toReadEntity(new Path(location));
  }

  protected ReadEntity toReadEntity(Path location) throws SemanticException {
    return toReadEntity(location, conf);
  }

  public static ReadEntity toReadEntity(Path location, HiveConf conf) throws SemanticException {
    try {
      Path path = tryQualifyPath(location, conf);
      return new ReadEntity(path, FileUtils.isLocalFile(conf, path.toUri()));
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new SemanticException(e);
    }
  }

  public static Path tryQualifyPath(Path path, HiveConf conf) {
    try {
      return path.getFileSystem(conf).makeQualified(path);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      return path;  // some tests expected to pass invalid schema
    }
  }

  protected Database getDatabase(String dbName) throws SemanticException {
    return getDatabase(dbName, true);
  }

  protected Database getDatabase(String dbName, boolean throwException) throws SemanticException {
    Database database;
    try {
      database = db.getDatabase(dbName);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new SemanticException(e.getMessage(), e);
    }
    if (database == null && throwException) {
      throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.DATABASE_NOT_EXISTS.getMsg(dbName));
    }
    return database;
  }

  protected DataConnector getDataConnector(String dbName) throws SemanticException {
    return getDataConnector(dbName, true);
  }

  protected DataConnector getDataConnector(String dcName, boolean throwException) throws SemanticException {
    DataConnector connector;
    try {
      connector = db.getDataConnector(dcName);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new SemanticException(e);
    }
    if (connector == null && throwException) {
      throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.DATACONNECTOR_NOT_EXISTS.getMsg(dcName));
    }
    return connector;
  }

  protected Table getTable(TableName tn) throws SemanticException {
    return getTable(tn, true);
  }

  protected Table getTable(TableName tn, boolean throwException) throws SemanticException {
    return getTable(tn.getDb(), tn.getTable(), tn.getTableMetaRef(), throwException);
  }

  protected Table getTable(String tblName) throws SemanticException {
    return getTable(null, tblName, null, true);
  }

  protected Table getTable(String tblName, boolean throwException) throws SemanticException {
    return getTable(null, tblName, null, throwException);
  }

  protected Table getTable(String database, String tblName, boolean throwException) throws SemanticException {
    return getTable(database, tblName, null, throwException);
  }

  protected Table getTable(String database, String tblName, String tableMetaRef, boolean throwException)
      throws SemanticException {
    Table tab;
    try {
      String tableName = tableMetaRef == null ? tblName : tblName + "." + tableMetaRef;
      tab = database == null ? db.getTable(tableName, false)
          : db.getTable(database, tblName, tableMetaRef, false);
    }
    catch (InvalidTableException e) {
      throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.INVALID_TABLE.getMsg(TableName.fromString(tblName, null, database).getNotEmptyDbTable()), e);
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      throw new SemanticException(e.getMessage(), e);
    }
    if (tab == null && throwException) {
      // getTable needs a refactor with all ~50 occurences
      throw new SemanticException(ErrorMsg.INVALID_TABLE.getMsg(TableName.fromString(tblName, null, database).getNotEmptyDbTable()));
    }
    return tab;
  }

  public List<Task<?>> getAllRootTasks() {
    return rootTasks;
  }

  public Set<ReadEntity> getAllInputs() {
    return inputs;
  }

  public Set<WriteEntity> getAllOutputs() {
    return outputs;
  }

  public QueryState getQueryState() {
    return queryState;
  }

  /**
   * Create a FetchTask for a given schema.
   */
  protected FetchTask createFetchTask(String tableSchema) {
    String schema =
        "json".equals(conf.get(HiveConf.ConfVars.HIVE_DDL_OUTPUT_FORMAT.varname, "text")) ? "json#string" : tableSchema;

    Properties prop = new Properties();
    // Sets delimiter to tab (ascii 9)
    prop.setProperty(serdeConstants.SERIALIZATION_FORMAT, Integer.toString(Utilities.tabCode));
    prop.setProperty(serdeConstants.SERIALIZATION_NULL_FORMAT, " ");
    String[] colTypes = schema.split("#");
    prop.setProperty(serdeConstants.LIST_COLUMNS, colTypes[0]);
    prop.setProperty(serdeConstants.LIST_COLUMN_TYPES, colTypes[1]);
    prop.setProperty(serdeConstants.SERIALIZATION_LIB, LazySimpleSerDe.class.getName());
    prop.setProperty(hive_metastoreConstants.TABLE_BUCKETING_VERSION, "-1");
    FetchWork fetch =
        new FetchWork(ctx.getResFile(), new TableDesc(TextInputFormat.class,
            IgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat.class, prop), -1);
    fetch.setSerializationNullFormat(" ");
    return (FetchTask) TaskFactory.get(fetch);
  }

  protected HiveTxnManager getTxnMgr() {
    if (txnManager != null) {
      return txnManager;
    }
    return SessionState.get().getTxnMgr();
  }

  public CacheUsage getCacheUsage() {
    return cacheUsage;
  }

  public void setCacheUsage(CacheUsage cacheUsage) {
    this.cacheUsage = cacheUsage;
  }

  public DDLDescWithWriteId getAcidDdlDesc() {
    return null;
  }

  public WriteEntity getAcidAnalyzeTable() {
    return null;
  }

  public void addPropertyReadEntry(Map<String, String> tblProps, Set<ReadEntity> inputs) throws SemanticException {
    if (tblProps.containsKey(Constants.JDBC_KEYSTORE)) {
      try {
        String keystore = tblProps.get(Constants.JDBC_KEYSTORE);
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        conf.set(CredentialProviderFactory.CREDENTIAL_PROVIDER_PATH, keystore);
        boolean found = false;
        for (CredentialProvider provider : CredentialProviderFactory.getProviders(conf)) {
          if (provider instanceof AbstractJavaKeyStoreProvider) {
            Path path = ((AbstractJavaKeyStoreProvider) provider).getPath();
            inputs.add(toReadEntity(path));
            found = true;
          }
        }
        if (!found) {
          throw new SemanticException("Cannot recognize keystore " + keystore + ", only JavaKeyStoreProvider is " +
                  "supported");
        }
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new SemanticException(e);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Unparses the analyzed statement
   */
  protected void executeUnParseTranslations() {
    UnparseTranslator unparseTranslator = new UnparseTranslator(conf);
    unparseTranslator.applyTranslations(ctx.getTokenRewriteStream());
  }

  /**
   * Called when we start analysis of a query.
   */
  public void startAnalysis() {
    // Nothing to do
  }

  /**
   * Called when we end analysis of a query.
   */
  public void endAnalysis() {
    // Nothing to do
  }

  public ParseContext getParseContext() {
    return pCtx;
  }

  public PTFInvocationSpec.OrderSpec processOrderSpec(ASTNode sortNode) {
    PTFInvocationSpec.OrderSpec oSpec = new PTFInvocationSpec.OrderSpec();
    int exprCnt = sortNode.getChildCount();
    for (int i = 0; i < exprCnt; i++) {
      PTFInvocationSpec.OrderExpression exprSpec = new PTFInvocationSpec.OrderExpression();
      ASTNode orderSpec = (ASTNode) sortNode.getChild(i);
      ASTNode nullOrderSpec = (ASTNode) orderSpec.getChild(0);
      exprSpec.setExpression((ASTNode) nullOrderSpec.getChild(0));
      if (orderSpec.getType() == HiveParser.TOK_TABSORTCOLNAMEASC) {
        exprSpec.setOrder(ASC);
      } else {
        exprSpec.setOrder(DESC);
      }
      if (nullOrderSpec.getType() == HiveParser.TOK_NULLS_FIRST) {
        exprSpec.setNullOrder(NULLS_FIRST);
      } else {
        exprSpec.setNullOrder(NULLS_LAST);
      }
      oSpec.addExpression(exprSpec);
    }
    return oSpec;
  }

  /**
   * @return table name in db.table form with proper quoting/escaping to be used in a SQL statement
   */
  protected String getFullTableNameForSQL(ASTNode n) throws SemanticException {
    switch (n.getType()) {
      case HiveParser.TOK_TABNAME:
        TableName tableName = getQualifiedTableName(n);
        return HiveTableName.ofNullable(HiveUtils.unparseIdentifier(tableName.getTable(), this.conf),
                HiveUtils.unparseIdentifier(tableName.getDb(), this.conf), tableName.getTableMetaRef()).getNotEmptyDbTable();
      case HiveParser.TOK_TABREF:
        return getFullTableNameForSQL((ASTNode) n.getChild(0));
      default:
        throw raiseWrongType("TOK_TABNAME", n);
    }
  }

}