CheckAnalysis.scala

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
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package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis

import org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.catalog.SimpleCatalogRelation
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.aggregate.AggregateExpression
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.UsingJoin
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical._
import org.apache.spark.sql.types._

/**
 * Throws user facing errors when passed invalid queries that fail to analyze.
 */
trait CheckAnalysis extends PredicateHelper {

  /**
   * Override to provide additional checks for correct analysis.
   * These rules will be evaluated after our built-in check rules.
   */
  val extendedCheckRules: Seq[LogicalPlan => Unit] = Nil

  protected def failAnalysis(msg: String): Nothing = {
    throw new AnalysisException(msg)
  }

  protected def containsMultipleGenerators(exprs: Seq[Expression]): Boolean = {
    exprs.flatMap(_.collect {
      case e: Generator => e
    }).length > 1
  }

  def checkAnalysis(plan: LogicalPlan): Unit = {
    // We transform up and order the rules so as to catch the first possible failure instead
    // of the result of cascading resolution failures.
    plan.foreachUp {
      case p if p.analyzed => // Skip already analyzed sub-plans

      case u: UnresolvedRelation =>
        u.failAnalysis(s"Table or view not found: ${u.tableIdentifier}")

      case operator: LogicalPlan =>
        operator transformExpressionsUp {
          case a: Attribute if !a.resolved =>
            val from = operator.inputSet.map(_.name).mkString(", ")
            a.failAnalysis(s"cannot resolve '${a.sql}' given input columns: [$from]")

          case e: Expression if e.checkInputDataTypes().isFailure =>
            e.checkInputDataTypes() match {
              case TypeCheckResult.TypeCheckFailure(message) =>
                e.failAnalysis(
                  s"cannot resolve '${e.sql}' due to data type mismatch: $message")
            }

          case c: Cast if !c.resolved =>
            failAnalysis(
              s"invalid cast from ${c.child.dataType.simpleString} to ${c.dataType.simpleString}")

          case g: Grouping =>
            failAnalysis("grouping() can only be used with GroupingSets/Cube/Rollup")
          case g: GroupingID =>
            failAnalysis("grouping_id() can only be used with GroupingSets/Cube/Rollup")

          case w @ WindowExpression(AggregateExpression(_, _, true, _), _) =>
            failAnalysis(s"Distinct window functions are not supported: $w")

          case w @ WindowExpression(_: OffsetWindowFunction, WindowSpecDefinition(_, order,
               SpecifiedWindowFrame(frame,
                 FrameBoundary(l),
                 FrameBoundary(h))))
             if order.isEmpty || frame != RowFrame || l != h =>
            failAnalysis("An offset window function can only be evaluated in an ordered " +
              s"row-based window frame with a single offset: $w")

          case w @ WindowExpression(e, s) =>
            // Only allow window functions with an aggregate expression or an offset window
            // function.
            e match {
              case _: AggregateExpression | _: OffsetWindowFunction | _: AggregateWindowFunction =>
              case _ =>
                failAnalysis(s"Expression '$e' not supported within a window function.")
            }
            // Make sure the window specification is valid.
            s.validate match {
              case Some(m) =>
                failAnalysis(s"Window specification $s is not valid because $m")
              case None => w
            }

          case s @ ScalarSubquery(query, conditions, _) if conditions.nonEmpty =>
            // Make sure we are using equi-joins.
            conditions.foreach {
              case _: EqualTo | _: EqualNullSafe => // ok
              case e => failAnalysis(
                s"The correlated scalar subquery can only contain equality predicates: $e")
            }

            // Make sure correlated scalar subqueries contain one row for every outer row by
            // enforcing that they are aggregates which contain exactly one aggregate expressions.
            // The analyzer has already checked that subquery contained only one output column, and
            // added all the grouping expressions to the aggregate.
            def checkAggregate(a: Aggregate): Unit = {
              val aggregates = a.expressions.flatMap(_.collect {
                case a: AggregateExpression => a
              })
              if (aggregates.isEmpty) {
                failAnalysis("The output of a correlated scalar subquery must be aggregated")
              }
            }

            // Skip projects and subquery aliases added by the Analyzer and the SQLBuilder.
            def cleanQuery(p: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = p match {
              case SubqueryAlias(_, child) => cleanQuery(child)
              case Project(_, child) => cleanQuery(child)
              case child => child
            }

            cleanQuery(query) match {
              case a: Aggregate => checkAggregate(a)
              case Filter(_, a: Aggregate) => checkAggregate(a)
              case fail => failAnalysis(s"Correlated scalar subqueries must be Aggregated: $fail")
            }
            s
        }

        operator match {
          case f: Filter if f.condition.dataType != BooleanType =>
            failAnalysis(
              s"filter expression '${f.condition.sql}' " +
                s"of type ${f.condition.dataType.simpleString} is not a boolean.")

          case f @ Filter(condition, child) =>
            splitConjunctivePredicates(condition).foreach {
              case _: PredicateSubquery | Not(_: PredicateSubquery) =>
              case e if PredicateSubquery.hasNullAwarePredicateWithinNot(e) =>
                failAnalysis(s"Null-aware predicate sub-queries cannot be used in nested" +
                  s" conditions: $e")
              case e =>
            }

          case j @ Join(_, _, UsingJoin(_, cols), _) =>
            val from = operator.inputSet.map(_.name).mkString(", ")
            failAnalysis(
              s"using columns [${cols.mkString(",")}] " +
                s"can not be resolved given input columns: [$from] ")

          case j @ Join(_, _, _, Some(condition)) if condition.dataType != BooleanType =>
            failAnalysis(
              s"join condition '${condition.sql}' " +
                s"of type ${condition.dataType.simpleString} is not a boolean.")

          case j @ Join(_, _, _, Some(condition)) =>
            def checkValidJoinConditionExprs(expr: Expression): Unit = expr match {
              case p: Predicate =>
                p.asInstanceOf[Expression].children.foreach(checkValidJoinConditionExprs)
              case e if e.dataType.isInstanceOf[BinaryType] =>
                failAnalysis(s"binary type expression ${e.sql} cannot be used " +
                  "in join conditions")
              case e if e.dataType.isInstanceOf[MapType] =>
                failAnalysis(s"map type expression ${e.sql} cannot be used " +
                  "in join conditions")
              case _ => // OK
            }

            checkValidJoinConditionExprs(condition)

          case Aggregate(groupingExprs, aggregateExprs, child) =>
            def checkValidAggregateExpression(expr: Expression): Unit = expr match {
              case aggExpr: AggregateExpression =>
                aggExpr.aggregateFunction.children.foreach { child =>
                  child.foreach {
                    case agg: AggregateExpression =>
                      failAnalysis(
                        s"It is not allowed to use an aggregate function in the argument of " +
                          s"another aggregate function. Please use the inner aggregate function " +
                          s"in a sub-query.")
                    case other => // OK
                  }

                  if (!child.deterministic) {
                    failAnalysis(
                      s"nondeterministic expression ${expr.sql} should not " +
                        s"appear in the arguments of an aggregate function.")
                  }
                }
              case e: Attribute if !groupingExprs.exists(_.semanticEquals(e)) =>
                failAnalysis(
                  s"expression '${e.sql}' is neither present in the group by, " +
                    s"nor is it an aggregate function. " +
                    "Add to group by or wrap in first() (or first_value) if you don't care " +
                    "which value you get.")
              case e if groupingExprs.exists(_.semanticEquals(e)) => // OK
              case e => e.children.foreach(checkValidAggregateExpression)
            }

            def checkValidGroupingExprs(expr: Expression): Unit = {
              // Check if the data type of expr is orderable.
              if (!RowOrdering.isOrderable(expr.dataType)) {
                failAnalysis(
                  s"expression ${expr.sql} cannot be used as a grouping expression " +
                    s"because its data type ${expr.dataType.simpleString} is not an orderable " +
                    s"data type.")
              }

              if (!expr.deterministic) {
                // This is just a sanity check, our analysis rule PullOutNondeterministic should
                // already pull out those nondeterministic expressions and evaluate them in
                // a Project node.
                failAnalysis(s"nondeterministic expression ${expr.sql} should not " +
                  s"appear in grouping expression.")
              }
            }

            aggregateExprs.foreach(checkValidAggregateExpression)
            groupingExprs.foreach(checkValidGroupingExprs)

          case Sort(orders, _, _) =>
            orders.foreach { order =>
              if (!RowOrdering.isOrderable(order.dataType)) {
                failAnalysis(
                  s"sorting is not supported for columns of type ${order.dataType.simpleString}")
              }
            }

          case s @ SetOperation(left, right) if left.output.length != right.output.length =>
            failAnalysis(
              s"${s.nodeName} can only be performed on tables with the same number of columns, " +
                s"but the left table has ${left.output.length} columns and the right has " +
                s"${right.output.length}")

          case s: Union if s.children.exists(_.output.length != s.children.head.output.length) =>
            val firstError = s.children.find(_.output.length != s.children.head.output.length).get
            failAnalysis(
              s"Unions can only be performed on tables with the same number of columns, " +
                s"but one table has '${firstError.output.length}' columns and another table has " +
                s"'${s.children.head.output.length}' columns")

          case p if p.expressions.exists(ScalarSubquery.hasCorrelatedScalarSubquery) =>
            p match {
              case _: Filter | _: Aggregate | _: Project => // Ok
              case other => failAnalysis(
                s"Correlated scalar sub-queries can only be used in a Filter/Aggregate/Project: $p")
            }

          case p if p.expressions.exists(PredicateSubquery.hasPredicateSubquery) =>
            failAnalysis(s"Predicate sub-queries can only be used in a Filter: $p")

          case _ => // Fallbacks to the following checks
        }

        operator match {
          case o if o.children.nonEmpty && o.missingInput.nonEmpty =>
            val missingAttributes = o.missingInput.mkString(",")
            val input = o.inputSet.mkString(",")

            failAnalysis(
              s"resolved attribute(s) $missingAttributes missing from $input " +
                s"in operator ${operator.simpleString}")

          case p @ Project(exprs, _) if containsMultipleGenerators(exprs) =>
            failAnalysis(
              s"""Only a single table generating function is allowed in a SELECT clause, found:
                 | ${exprs.map(_.sql).mkString(",")}""".stripMargin)

          case j: Join if !j.duplicateResolved =>
            val conflictingAttributes = j.left.outputSet.intersect(j.right.outputSet)
            failAnalysis(
              s"""
                 |Failure when resolving conflicting references in Join:
                 |$plan
                 |Conflicting attributes: ${conflictingAttributes.mkString(",")}
                 |""".stripMargin)

          case i: Intersect if !i.duplicateResolved =>
            val conflictingAttributes = i.left.outputSet.intersect(i.right.outputSet)
            failAnalysis(
              s"""
                 |Failure when resolving conflicting references in Intersect:
                 |$plan
                 |Conflicting attributes: ${conflictingAttributes.mkString(",")}
               """.stripMargin)

          case e: Except if !e.duplicateResolved =>
            val conflictingAttributes = e.left.outputSet.intersect(e.right.outputSet)
            failAnalysis(
              s"""
                 |Failure when resolving conflicting references in Except:
                 |$plan
                 |Conflicting attributes: ${conflictingAttributes.mkString(",")}
               """.stripMargin)

          case s: SimpleCatalogRelation =>
            failAnalysis(
              s"""
                 |Hive support is required to select over the following tables:
                 |${s.catalogTable.identifier}
               """.stripMargin)

          // TODO: We need to consolidate this kind of checks for InsertIntoTable
          // with the rule of PreWriteCheck defined in extendedCheckRules.
          case InsertIntoTable(s: SimpleCatalogRelation, _, _, _, _) =>
            failAnalysis(
              s"""
                 |Hive support is required to insert into the following tables:
                 |${s.catalogTable.identifier}
               """.stripMargin)

          case InsertIntoTable(t, _, _, _, _)
            if !t.isInstanceOf[LeafNode] ||
              t == OneRowRelation ||
              t.isInstanceOf[LocalRelation] =>
            failAnalysis(s"Inserting into an RDD-based table is not allowed.")

          case i @ InsertIntoTable(table, partitions, query, _, _) =>
            val numStaticPartitions = partitions.values.count(_.isDefined)
            if (table.output.size != (query.output.size + numStaticPartitions)) {
              failAnalysis(
                s"$table requires that the data to be inserted have the same number of " +
                  s"columns as the target table: target table has ${table.output.size} " +
                  s"column(s) but the inserted data has " +
                  s"${query.output.size + numStaticPartitions} column(s), including " +
                  s"$numStaticPartitions partition column(s) having constant value(s).")
            }

          case o if !o.resolved =>
            failAnalysis(
              s"unresolved operator ${operator.simpleString}")

          case o if o.expressions.exists(!_.deterministic) &&
            !o.isInstanceOf[Project] && !o.isInstanceOf[Filter] &&
            !o.isInstanceOf[Aggregate] && !o.isInstanceOf[Window] =>
            // The rule above is used to check Aggregate operator.
            failAnalysis(
              s"""nondeterministic expressions are only allowed in
                 |Project, Filter, Aggregate or Window, found:
                 | ${o.expressions.map(_.sql).mkString(",")}
                 |in operator ${operator.simpleString}
               """.stripMargin)

          case _ => // Analysis successful!
        }
    }
    extendedCheckRules.foreach(_(plan))

    plan.foreach(_.setAnalyzed())
  }
}