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LIMIT Clause |
LIMIT Clause |
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
|
The LIMIT
clause is used to constrain the number of rows returned by
the SELECT statement. In general, this clause
is used in conjunction with ORDER BY to
ensure that the results are deterministic.
LIMIT { ALL | integer_expression }
-
ALL
If specified, the query returns all the rows. In other words, no limit is applied if this option is specified.
-
integer_expression
Specifies a foldable expression that returns an integer.
CREATE TABLE person (name STRING, age INT);
INSERT INTO person VALUES
('Zen Hui', 25),
('Anil B', 18),
('Shone S', 16),
('Mike A', 25),
('John A', 18),
('Jack N', 16);
-- Select the first two rows.
SELECT name, age FROM person ORDER BY name LIMIT 2;
+------+---+
| name|age|
+------+---+
|Anil B| 18|
|Jack N| 16|
+------+---+
-- Specifying ALL option on LIMIT returns all the rows.
SELECT name, age FROM person ORDER BY name LIMIT ALL;
+-------+---+
| name|age|
+-------+---+
| Anil B| 18|
| Jack N| 16|
| John A| 18|
| Mike A| 25|
|Shone S| 16|
|Zen Hui| 25|
+-------+---+
-- A function expression as an input to LIMIT.
SELECT name, age FROM person ORDER BY name LIMIT length('SPARK');
+-------+---+
| name|age|
+-------+---+
| Anil B| 18|
| Jack N| 16|
| John A| 18|
| Mike A| 25|
|Shone S| 16|
+-------+---+
-- A non-foldable expression as an input to LIMIT is not allowed.
SELECT name, age FROM person ORDER BY name LIMIT length(name);
org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: The limit expression must evaluate to a constant value ...