Shell.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/* This file copied from Hadoop's security branch,
 * with the following changes:
 * 1. package changed from org.apache.hadoop.util to
 *    org.apache.zookeeper.
 * 2. Usage of Hadoop's Configuration class removed since
 *    it is not available in Zookeeper: instead, system properties
 *    are used.
 * 3. The deprecated getUlimitMemoryCommand() method removed since
 *    it is not needed.
 */

package org.apache.zookeeper;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.zookeeper.common.Time;
import org.apache.zookeeper.server.ExitCode;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * A base class for running a Unix command.
 *
 * <code>Shell</code> can be used to run unix commands like <code>du</code> or
 * <code>df</code>. It also offers facilities to gate commands by
 * time-intervals.
 */
public abstract class Shell {

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Shell.class);

    /** a Unix command to get the current user's name */
    public static final String USER_NAME_COMMAND = "whoami";
    /** a Unix command to get the current user's groups list */
    public static String[] getGroupsCommand() {
        return new String[]{"bash", "-c", "groups"};
    }
    /** a Unix command to get a given user's groups list */
    public static String[] getGroupsForUserCommand(final String user) {
        //'groups username' command return is non-consistent across different unixes
        return new String[]{"bash", "-c", "id -Gn " + user};
    }
    /** a Unix command to set permission */
    public static final String SET_PERMISSION_COMMAND = "chmod";
    /** a Unix command to set owner */
    public static final String SET_OWNER_COMMAND = "chown";
    public static final String SET_GROUP_COMMAND = "chgrp";
    /** Return a Unix command to get permission information. */
    public static String[] getGET_PERMISSION_COMMAND() {
        //force /bin/ls, except on windows.
        return new String[]{(WINDOWS ? "ls" : "/bin/ls"), "-ld"};
    }

    /**Time after which the executing script would be timedout*/
    protected long timeOutInterval = 0L;
    /** If or not script timed out*/
    private AtomicBoolean timedOut;

    /** a Unix command to get ulimit of a process. */
    public static final String ULIMIT_COMMAND = "ulimit";

    /**
     * Get the Unix command for setting the maximum virtual memory available
     * to a given child process. This is only relevant when we are forking a
     * process from within the Mapper or the Reducer implementations.
     * Also see Hadoop Pipes and Hadoop Streaming.
     *
     * It also checks to ensure that we are running on a *nix platform else
     * (e.g. in Cygwin/Windows) it returns <code>null</code>.
     * @param memoryLimit virtual memory limit
     * @return a <code>String[]</code> with the ulimit command arguments or
     *         <code>null</code> if we are running on a non *nix platform or
     *         if the limit is unspecified.
     */
    public static String[] getUlimitMemoryCommand(int memoryLimit) {
        // ulimit isn't supported on Windows
        if (WINDOWS) {
            return null;
        }

        return new String[]{ULIMIT_COMMAND, "-v", String.valueOf(memoryLimit)};
    }

    /**
     * Check if running in Windows Subsystem for Linux
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static boolean isWsl() throws IOException {
        if (WINDOWS) {
            return false;
        }
        final File f = new File("/proc/version");
        if (!f.exists()) {
            return false;
        }
        final String output = FileUtils.readFileToString(f, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
        return (output != null)
                && System.getProperty("os.name").startsWith("Linux") && output.toLowerCase().contains("microsoft");
    }

    /** Set to true on Windows platforms */
    public static final boolean WINDOWS /* borrowed from Path.WINDOWS */ = System.getProperty("os.name").startsWith("Windows");

    private long interval;   // refresh interval in msec
    private long lastTime;   // last time the command was performed
    private Map<String, String> environment; // env for the command execution
    private File dir;
    private Process process; // sub process used to execute the command
    private int exitCode;

    /**If or not script finished executing*/
    private volatile AtomicBoolean completed;

    public Shell() {
        this(0L);
    }

    /**
     * @param interval the minimum duration to wait before re-executing the
     *        command.
     */
    public Shell(long interval) {
        this.interval = interval;
        this.lastTime = (interval < 0) ? 0 : -interval;
    }

    /** set the environment for the command
     * @param env Mapping of environment variables
     */
    protected void setEnvironment(Map<String, String> env) {
        this.environment = env;
    }

    /** set the working directory
     * @param dir The directory where the command would be executed
     */
    protected void setWorkingDirectory(File dir) {
        this.dir = dir;
    }

    /** check to see if a command needs to be executed and execute if needed */
    protected void run() throws IOException {
        if (lastTime + interval > Time.currentElapsedTime()) {
            return;
        }
        exitCode = ExitCode.EXECUTION_FINISHED.getValue(); // reset for next run
        runCommand();
    }

    /** Run a command */
    private void runCommand() throws IOException {
        ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(getExecString());
        Timer timeOutTimer = null;
        ShellTimeoutTimerTask timeoutTimerTask = null;
        timedOut = new AtomicBoolean(false);
        completed = new AtomicBoolean(false);

        if (environment != null) {
            builder.environment().putAll(this.environment);
        }
        if (dir != null) {
            builder.directory(this.dir);
        }

        process = builder.start();
        if (timeOutInterval > 0) {
            timeOutTimer = new Timer();
            timeoutTimerTask = new ShellTimeoutTimerTask(this);
            //One time scheduling.
            timeOutTimer.schedule(timeoutTimerTask, timeOutInterval);
        }
        final BufferedReader errReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));
        BufferedReader inReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
        final StringBuffer errMsg = new StringBuffer();

        // read error and input streams as this would free up the buffers
        // free the error stream buffer
        Thread errThread = new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    String line = errReader.readLine();
                    while ((line != null) && !isInterrupted()) {
                        errMsg.append(line);
                        errMsg.append(System.getProperty("line.separator"));
                        line = errReader.readLine();
                    }
                } catch (IOException ioe) {
                    LOG.warn("Error reading the error stream", ioe);
                }
            }
        };
        try {
            errThread.start();
        } catch (IllegalStateException ise) {
        }
        try {
            parseExecResult(inReader); // parse the output
            // clear the input stream buffer
            String line = inReader.readLine();
            while (line != null) {
                line = inReader.readLine();
            }
            // wait for the process to finish and check the exit code
            exitCode = process.waitFor();
            try {
                // make sure that the error thread exits
                errThread.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                LOG.warn("Interrupted while reading the error stream", ie);
            }
            completed.set(true);
            //the timeout thread handling
            //taken care in finally block
            if (exitCode != ExitCode.EXECUTION_FINISHED.getValue()) {
                throw new ExitCodeException(exitCode, errMsg.toString());
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
            throw new IOException(ie.toString());
        } finally {
            if ((timeOutTimer != null) && !timedOut.get()) {
                timeOutTimer.cancel();
            }
            // close the input stream
            try {
                inReader.close();
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                LOG.warn("Error while closing the input stream", ioe);
            }
            if (!completed.get()) {
                errThread.interrupt();
            }
            try {
                errReader.close();
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                LOG.warn("Error while closing the error stream", ioe);
            }
            process.destroy();
            lastTime = Time.currentElapsedTime();
        }
    }

    /** return an array containing the command name and its parameters */
    protected abstract String[] getExecString();

    /** Parse the execution result */
    protected abstract void parseExecResult(BufferedReader lines) throws IOException;

    /** get the current sub-process executing the given command
     * @return process executing the command
     */
    public Process getProcess() {
        return process;
    }

    /** get the exit code
     * @return the exit code of the process
     */
    public int getExitCode() {
        return exitCode;
    }

    /**
     * This is an IOException with exit code added.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("serial")
    public static class ExitCodeException extends IOException {

        int exitCode;

        public ExitCodeException(int exitCode, String message) {
            super(message);
            this.exitCode = exitCode;
        }

        public int getExitCode() {
            return exitCode;
        }

    }

    /**
     * A simple shell command executor.
     *
     * <code>ShellCommandExecutor</code>should be used in cases where the output
     * of the command needs no explicit parsing and where the command, working
     * directory and the environment remains unchanged. The output of the command
     * is stored as-is and is expected to be small.
     */
    public static class ShellCommandExecutor extends Shell {

        private String[] command;
        private StringBuffer output;

        public ShellCommandExecutor(String[] execString) {
            this(execString, null);
        }

        public ShellCommandExecutor(String[] execString, File dir) {
            this(execString, dir, null);
        }

        public ShellCommandExecutor(String[] execString, File dir, Map<String, String> env) {
            this(execString, dir, env, 0L);
        }

        /**
         * Create a new instance of the ShellCommandExecutor to execute a command.
         *
         * @param execString The command to execute with arguments
         * @param dir If not-null, specifies the directory which should be set
         *            as the current working directory for the command.
         *            If null, the current working directory is not modified.
         * @param env If not-null, environment of the command will include the
         *            key-value pairs specified in the map. If null, the current
         *            environment is not modified.
         * @param timeout Specifies the time in milliseconds, after which the
         *                command will be killed and the status marked as timedout.
         *                If 0, the command will not be timed out.
         */
        public ShellCommandExecutor(String[] execString, File dir, Map<String, String> env, long timeout) {
            command = execString.clone();
            if (dir != null) {
                setWorkingDirectory(dir);
            }
            if (env != null) {
                setEnvironment(env);
            }
            timeOutInterval = timeout;
        }

        /** Execute the shell command. */
        public void execute() throws IOException {
            this.run();
        }

        protected String[] getExecString() {
            return command;
        }

        protected void parseExecResult(BufferedReader lines) throws IOException {
            output = new StringBuffer();
            char[] buf = new char[512];
            int nRead;
            while ((nRead = lines.read(buf, 0, buf.length)) > 0) {
                output.append(buf, 0, nRead);
            }
        }

        /** Get the output of the shell command.*/
        public String getOutput() {
            return (output == null) ? "" : output.toString();
        }

        /**
         * Returns the commands of this instance.
         * Arguments with spaces in are presented with quotes round; other
         * arguments are presented raw
         *
         * @return a string representation of the object.
         */
        public String toString() {
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
            String[] args = getExecString();
            for (String s : args) {
                if (s.indexOf(' ') >= 0) {
                    builder.append('"').append(s).append('"');
                } else {
                    builder.append(s);
                }
                builder.append(' ');
            }
            return builder.toString();
        }

    }

    /**
     * To check if the passed script to shell command executor timed out or
     * not.
     *
     * @return if the script timed out.
     */
    public boolean isTimedOut() {
        return timedOut.get();
    }

    /**
     * Set if the command has timed out.
     *
     */
    private void setTimedOut() {
        this.timedOut.set(true);
    }

    /**
     * Static method to execute a shell command.
     * Covers most of the simple cases without requiring the user to implement
     * the <code>Shell</code> interface.
     * @param cmd shell command to execute.
     * @return the output of the executed command.
     */
    public static String execCommand(String... cmd) throws IOException {
        return execCommand(null, cmd, 0L);
    }

    /**
     * Static method to execute a shell command.
     * Covers most of the simple cases without requiring the user to implement
     * the <code>Shell</code> interface.
     * @param env the map of environment key=value
     * @param cmd shell command to execute.
     * @param timeout time in milliseconds after which script should be marked timeout
     * @return the output of the executed command.o
     */

    public static String execCommand(Map<String, String> env, String[] cmd, long timeout) throws IOException {
        ShellCommandExecutor exec = new ShellCommandExecutor(cmd, null, env, timeout);
        exec.execute();
        return exec.getOutput();
    }

    /**
     * Static method to execute a shell command.
     * Covers most of the simple cases without requiring the user to implement
     * the <code>Shell</code> interface.
     * @param env the map of environment key=value
     * @param cmd shell command to execute.
     * @return the output of the executed command.
     */
    public static String execCommand(Map<String, String> env, String... cmd) throws IOException {
        return execCommand(env, cmd, 0L);
    }

    /**
     * Timer which is used to timeout scripts spawned off by shell.
     */
    private static class ShellTimeoutTimerTask extends TimerTask {

        private Shell shell;

        public ShellTimeoutTimerTask(Shell shell) {
            this.shell = shell;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            Process p = shell.getProcess();
            try {
                p.exitValue();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                //Process has not terminated.
                //So check if it has completed
                //if not just destroy it.
                if (p != null && !shell.completed.get()) {
                    shell.setTimedOut();
                    p.destroy();
                }
            }
        }

    }

}