scaffold.py

import typing as t
from collections.abc import Mapping as ABCMapping
from functools import wraps

from flask import current_app
from flask import jsonify
from flask import Response
from marshmallow import ValidationError as MarshmallowValidationError
from webargs.flaskparser import FlaskParser as BaseFlaskParser
from webargs.multidictproxy import MultiDictProxy

from .exceptions import _ValidationError
from .helpers import _sentinel
from .schemas import EmptySchema
from .schemas import Schema
from .types import DecoratedType
from .types import DictSchemaType
from .types import HTTPAuthType
from .types import OpenAPISchemaType
from .types import RequestType
from .types import ResponseReturnValueType
from .types import ResponsesType
from .types import SchemaType
from .views import MethodView

BODY_LOCATIONS = ['json', 'files', 'form', 'form_and_files', 'json_or_form']


class FlaskParser(BaseFlaskParser):
    """Overwrite the default `webargs.FlaskParser.handle_error`.

    Update the default status code and the error description from related
    configuration variables.
    """
    USE_ARGS_POSITIONAL = False

    def handle_error(  # type: ignore
        self,
        error: MarshmallowValidationError,
        req: RequestType,
        schema: Schema,
        *,
        error_status_code: int,
        error_headers: t.Mapping[str, str]
    ) -> None:
        raise _ValidationError(
            error_status_code or current_app.config['VALIDATION_ERROR_STATUS_CODE'],
            current_app.config['VALIDATION_ERROR_DESCRIPTION'],
            error.messages,
            error_headers
        )


parser: FlaskParser = FlaskParser()
use_args: t.Callable = parser.use_args


def _get_files_and_form(request, schema):
    form_and_files_data = request.files.copy()
    form_and_files_data.update(request.form)
    return MultiDictProxy(form_and_files_data, schema)


@parser.location_loader('form_and_files')
def load_form_and_files(request, schema):
    return _get_files_and_form(request, schema)


@parser.location_loader('files')
def load_files(request, schema):
    return _get_files_and_form(request, schema)


def _annotate(f: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
    if not hasattr(f, '_spec'):
        f._spec = {}
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        f._spec[key] = value


def _ensure_sync(f):
    if hasattr(f, '_sync_ensured'):
        return f

    @wraps(f)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        return current_app.ensure_sync(f)(*args, **kwargs)

    wrapper._sync_ensured = True
    return wrapper


def _generate_schema_from_mapping(
    schema: DictSchemaType,
    schema_name: t.Optional[str]
) -> t.Type[Schema]:
    if schema_name is None:
        schema_name = 'GeneratedSchema'
    return Schema.from_dict(schema, name=schema_name)()  # type: ignore


class APIScaffold:
    """A base class for [`APIFlask`][apiflask.app.APIFlask] and
    [`APIBlueprint`][apiflask.blueprint.APIBlueprint].

    This class contains the route shortcut decorators (i.e. `get`, `post`, etc.) and
    API-related decorators (i.e. `auth_required`, `input`, `output`, `doc`).

    *Version added: 1.0*
    """
    def _method_route(self, method: str, rule: str, options: t.Any):
        if 'methods' in options:
            raise RuntimeError('Use the "route" decorator to use the "methods" argument.')

        def decorator(f):
            if isinstance(f, type(MethodView)):
                raise RuntimeError(
                    'The route shortcuts cannot be used with "MethodView" classes, '
                    'use the "route" decorator instead.'
                )
            return self.route(rule, methods=[method], **options)(f)
        return decorator

    def get(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any):
        """Shortcut for `app.route()` or `app.route(methods=['GET'])`."""
        return self._method_route('GET', rule, options)

    def post(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any):
        """Shortcut for `app.route(methods=['POST'])`."""
        return self._method_route('POST', rule, options)

    def put(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any):
        """Shortcut for `app.route(methods=['PUT'])`."""
        return self._method_route('PUT', rule, options)

    def patch(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any):
        """Shortcut for `app.route(methods=['PATCH'])`."""
        return self._method_route('PATCH', rule, options)

    def delete(self, rule: str, **options: t.Any):
        """Shortcut for `app.route(methods=['DELETE'])`."""
        return self._method_route('DELETE', rule, options)

    def auth_required(
        self,
        auth: HTTPAuthType,
        roles: t.Optional[list] = None,
        optional: t.Optional[str] = None
    ) -> t.Callable[[DecoratedType], DecoratedType]:
        """Protect a view with provided authentication settings.

        > Be sure to put it under the routes decorators (i.e., `app.route`, `app.get`,
        `app.post`, etc.).

        Examples:

        ```python
        from apiflask import APIFlask, HTTPTokenAuth

        app = APIFlask(__name__)
        auth = HTTPTokenAuth()

        @app.get('/')
        @app.auth_required(auth)
        def hello():
            return 'Hello'!
        ```

        Arguments:
            auth: The `auth` object, an instance of
                [`HTTPBasicAuth`][apiflask.security.HTTPBasicAuth]
                or [`HTTPTokenAuth`][apiflask.security.HTTPTokenAuth].
            roles: The selected roles to allow to visit this view, accepts a list of role names.
                See [Flask-HTTPAuth's documentation][_role]{target:_blank} for more details.
                [_role]: https://flask-httpauth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#user-roles
            optional: Set to `True` to allow the view to execute even the authentication
                information is not included with the request, in which case the attribute
                `auth.current_user` will be `None`.

        *Version changed: 2.0.0*

        - Remove the deprecated `role` parameter.

        *Version changed: 1.0.0*

        - The `role` parameter is deprecated.

        *Version changed: 0.12.0*

        - Move to `APIFlask` and `APIBlueprint` classes.

        *Version changed: 0.4.0*

        - Add parameter `roles`.
        """
        def decorator(f):
            f = _ensure_sync(f)
            _annotate(f, auth=auth, roles=roles or [])
            return auth.login_required(role=roles, optional=optional)(f)
        return decorator

    def input(
        self,
        schema: SchemaType,
        location: str = 'json',
        arg_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
        schema_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
        example: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
        examples: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None,
        **kwargs: t.Any
    ) -> t.Callable[[DecoratedType], DecoratedType]:
        """Add input settings for view functions.

        If the validation passed, the data will be injected into the view
        function as a keyword argument in the form of `dict` and named `{location}_data`.
        Otherwise, an error response with the detail of the validation result will be
        returned.

        > Be sure to put it under the routes decorators (i.e., `app.route`, `app.get`,
        `app.post`, etc.).

        Examples:

        ```python
        from apiflask import APIFlask

        app = APIFlask(__name__)

        @app.get('/')
        @app.input(PetIn, location='json')
        def hello(json_data):
            print(json_data)
            return 'Hello'!
        ```

        Arguments:
            schema: The marshmallow schema of the input data.
            location: The location of the input data, one of `'json'` (default),
                `'files'`, `'form'`, `'cookies'`, `'headers'`, `'query'`
                (same as `'querystring'`).
            arg_name: The name of the argument passed to the view function,
                defaults to `{location}_data`.
            schema_name: The schema name for dict schema, only needed when you pass
                a schema dict (e.g., `{'name': String(required=True)}`) for `json`
                location.
            example: The example data in dict for request body, you should use either
                `example` or `examples`, not both.
            examples: Multiple examples for request body, you should pass a dict
                that contains multiple examples. Example:

                ```python
                {
                    'example foo': {  # example name
                        'summary': 'an example of foo',  # summary field is optional
                        'value': {'name': 'foo', 'id': 1}  # example value
                    },
                    'example bar': {
                        'summary': 'an example of bar',
                        'value': {'name': 'bar', 'id': 2}
                    },
                }
                ```

        *Version changed: 2.0.0*

        - Always pass parsed data to view function as a keyword argument.
          The argument name will be in the form of `{location}_data`.

        *Version changed: 1.0*

        - Ensure only one input body location was used.
        - Add `form_and_files` and `json_or_form` (from webargs) location.
        - Rewrite `files` to act as `form_and_files`.
        - Use correct request content type for `form` and `files`.

        *Version changed: 0.12.0*

        - Move to APIFlask and APIBlueprint classes.

        *Version changed: 0.4.0*

        - Add parameter `examples`.
        """
        if isinstance(schema, ABCMapping):
            schema = _generate_schema_from_mapping(schema, schema_name)
        if isinstance(schema, type):  # pragma: no cover
            schema = schema()

        def decorator(f):
            f = _ensure_sync(f)
            is_body_location = location in BODY_LOCATIONS
            if is_body_location and hasattr(f, '_spec') and 'body' in f._spec:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    'When using the app.input() decorator, you can only declare one request '
                    'body location (one of "json", "form", "files", "form_and_files", '
                    'and "json_or_form").'
                )
            if location == 'json':
                _annotate(f, body=schema, body_example=example, body_examples=examples)
            elif location == 'form':
                _annotate(
                    f,
                    body=schema,
                    body_example=example,
                    body_examples=examples,
                    content_type='application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                )
            elif location in ['files', 'form_and_files']:
                _annotate(
                    f,
                    body=schema,
                    body_example=example,
                    body_examples=examples,
                    content_type='multipart/form-data'
                )
            else:
                if not hasattr(f, '_spec') or f._spec.get('args') is None:
                    _annotate(f, args=[])
                if location == 'path':
                    _annotate(f, omit_default_path_parameters=True)
                # TODO: Support set example for request parameters
                f._spec['args'].append((schema, location))
            return use_args(
                schema,
                location=location,
                arg_name=arg_name or f'{location}_data',
                **kwargs
            )(f)
        return decorator

    def output(
        self,
        schema: SchemaType,
        status_code: int = 200,
        description: t.Optional[str] = None,
        schema_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
        example: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
        examples: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None,
        links: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None,
        content_type: t.Optional[str] = 'application/json',
        headers: t.Optional[SchemaType] = None,
    ) -> t.Callable[[DecoratedType], DecoratedType]:
        """Add output settings for view functions.

        > Be sure to put it under the routes decorators (i.e., `app.route`, `app.get`,
        `app.post`, etc.).

        The decorator will format the return value of your view function with
        provided marshmallow schema. You can return a dict or an object (such
        as a model class instance of ORMs). APIFlask will handle the formatting
        and turn your return value into a JSON response.

        P.S. The output data will not be validated; it's a design choice of marshmallow.
        marshmallow 4.0 may be support the output validation.

        Examples:

        ```python
        from apiflask import APIFlask

        app = APIFlask(__name__)

        @app.get('/')
        @app.output(PetOut)
        def hello():
            return the_dict_or_object_match_petout_schema
        ```

        Arguments:
            schema: The schemas of the output data.
            status_code: The status code of the response, defaults to `200`.
            description: The description of the response.
            schema_name: The schema name for dict schema, only needed when you pass
                a schema dict (e.g., `{'name': String()}`).
            example: The example data in dict for response body, you should use either
                `example` or `examples`, not both.
            examples: Multiple examples for response body, you should pass a dict
                that contains multiple examples. Example:

                ```python
                {
                    'example foo': {  # example name
                        'summary': 'an example of foo',  # summary field is optional
                        'value': {'name': 'foo', 'id': 1}  # example value
                    },
                    'example bar': {
                        'summary': 'an example of bar',
                        'value': {'name': 'bar', 'id': 2}
                    },
                }
                ```
            links: The `links` of response. It accepts a dict which maps a link name to
                a link object. Example:

                ```python
                {
                    'getAddressByUserId': {
                        'operationId': 'getUserAddress',
                        'parameters': {
                            'userId': '$request.path.id'
                        }
                    }
                }
                ```

                See the [docs](https://apiflask.com/openapi/#response-links) for more details
                about setting response links.

            content_type: The content/media type of the response. It defautls to `application/json`.
            headers: The schemas of the headers.

        *Version changed: 2.1.0*

        - Add parameter `headers`.

        *Version changed: 2.0.0*

        - Don't change the status code to 204 for EmptySchema.

        *Version changed: 1.3.0*

        - Add parameter `content_type`.

        *Version changed: 0.12.0*

        - Move to APIFlask and APIBlueprint classes.

        *Version changed: 0.10.0*

        - Add `links` parameter.

        *Version changed: 0.9.0*

        - Add base response customization support.

        *Version changed: 0.6.0*

        - Support decorating async views.

        *Version changed: 0.5.2*

        - Return the `Response` object directly.

        *Version changed: 0.4.0*

        - Add parameter `examples`.
        """
        if schema == {}:
            schema = EmptySchema
        if isinstance(schema, ABCMapping):
            schema = _generate_schema_from_mapping(schema, schema_name)
        if isinstance(schema, type):  # pragma: no cover
            schema = schema()

        if headers is not None:
            if headers == {}:
                headers = EmptySchema
            if isinstance(headers, ABCMapping):
                headers = _generate_schema_from_mapping(headers, None)
            if isinstance(headers, type):
                headers = headers()

        def decorator(f):
            f = _ensure_sync(f)
            _annotate(f, response={
                'schema': schema,
                'status_code': status_code,
                'description': description,
                'example': example,
                'examples': examples,
                'links': links,
                'content_type': content_type,
                'headers': headers,
            })

            def _jsonify(
                obj: t.Any,
                many: bool = _sentinel,  # type: ignore
                *args: t.Any,
                **kwargs: t.Any
            ) -> Response:  # pragma: no cover
                """From Flask-Marshmallow, see the NOTICE file for license information."""
                if many is _sentinel:
                    many = schema.many  # type: ignore
                base_schema: OpenAPISchemaType = current_app.config['BASE_RESPONSE_SCHEMA']
                if base_schema is not None and status_code != 204:
                    data_key: str = current_app.config['BASE_RESPONSE_DATA_KEY']

                    if isinstance(obj, dict):
                        if data_key not in obj:
                            raise RuntimeError(
                                f'The data key {data_key!r} is not found in the returned dict.'
                            )
                        obj[data_key] = schema.dump(obj[data_key], many=many)  # type: ignore
                    else:
                        if not hasattr(obj, data_key):
                            raise RuntimeError(
                                f'The data key {data_key!r} is not found in the returned object.'
                            )
                        setattr(
                            obj,
                            data_key,
                            schema.dump(getattr(obj, data_key), many=many)  # type: ignore
                        )

                    data = base_schema().dump(obj)  # type: ignore
                else:
                    data = schema.dump(obj, many=many)  # type: ignore
                return jsonify(data, *args, **kwargs)

            @wraps(f)
            def _response(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> ResponseReturnValueType:
                rv = f(*args, **kwargs)
                if isinstance(rv, Response):
                    return rv
                if not isinstance(rv, tuple):
                    return _jsonify(rv), status_code
                json = _jsonify(rv[0])
                if len(rv) == 2:
                    rv = (json, rv[1]) if isinstance(rv[1], int) else (json, status_code, rv[1])
                elif len(rv) >= 3:
                    rv = (json, rv[1], rv[2])
                else:
                    rv = (json, status_code)
                return rv  # type: ignore
            return _response
        return decorator

    def doc(
        self,
        summary: t.Optional[str] = None,
        description: t.Optional[str] = None,
        tags: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None,
        responses: t.Optional[ResponsesType] = None,
        deprecated: t.Optional[bool] = None,
        hide: t.Optional[bool] = None,
        operation_id: t.Optional[str] = None,
        security: t.Optional[t.Union[str, t.List[t.Union[str, t.Dict[str, list]]]]] = None,
    ) -> t.Callable[[DecoratedType], DecoratedType]:
        """Set up the OpenAPI Spec for view functions.

        > Be sure to put it under the routes decorators (i.e., `app.route`, `app.get`,
        `app.post`, etc.).

        Examples:

        ```python
        from apiflask import APIFlask

        app = APIFlask(__name__)

        @app.get('/')
        @app.doc(summary='Say hello', tags=['Foo'])
        def hello():
            return 'Hello'
        ```

        Arguments:
            summary: The summary of this endpoint. If not set, the name of the view function
                will be used. If your view function is named with `get_pet`, then the summary
                will be "Get Pet". If the view function has a docstring, then the first
                line of the docstring will be used. The precedence will be:

                ```
                @app.doc(summary='blah') > the first line of docstring > the view function name
                ```

            description: The description of this endpoint. If not set, the lines after the empty
                line of the docstring will be used.
            tags: A list of tag names of this endpoint, map the tags you passed in the `app.tags`
                attribute. If `app.tags` is not set, the blueprint name will be used as tag name.
            responses: The other responses for this view function, accepts a list of status codes
                (`[404, 418]`) or a dict in a format of either `{404: 'Not Found'}` or
                `{404: {'description': 'Not Found', 'content': {'application/json':
                {'schema': FooSchema}}}}`. If a dict is passed and a response with the same status
                code is already present, the existing data will be overwritten.
            deprecated: Flag this endpoint as deprecated in API docs.
            hide: Hide this endpoint in API docs.
            operation_id: The `operationId` of this endpoint. Set config `AUTO_OPERATION_ID` to
                `True` to enable the auto-generating of operationId (in the format of
                `{method}_{endpoint}`).
            security: The `security` used for this endpoint. Match the security info specified in
                the `SECURITY_SCHEMES` configuration. If you don't need specify the scopes, just
                pass a security name (equals to `[{'foo': []}]`) or a list of security names (equals
                to `[{'foo': []}, {'bar': []}]`).

        *Version changed: 2.0.0*

        - Remove the deprecated `tag` parameter.
        - Expand `responses` to support additional structure and parameters.

        *Version changed: 1.0*

        - Add `security` parameter to support customizing security info.
        - The `role` parameter is deprecated.

        *Version changed: 0.12.0*

        - Move to `APIFlask` and `APIBlueprint` classes.

        *Version changed: 0.10.0*

        - Add parameter `operation_id`.

        *Version changed: 0.5.0*

        - Change the default value of parameters `hide` and `deprecated` from `False` to `None`.

        *Version changed: 0.4.0*

        - Add parameter `tag`.

        *Version changed: 0.3.0*

        - Change the default value of `deprecated` from `None` to `False`.
        - Rename parameter `tags` to `tag`.

        *Version added: 0.2.0*
        """
        def decorator(f):
            f = _ensure_sync(f)
            _annotate(
                f,
                summary=summary,
                description=description,
                tags=tags,
                responses=responses,
                deprecated=deprecated,
                hide=hide,
                operation_id=operation_id,
                security=security,
            )
            return f
        return decorator